CN1205262A - Ultrahard compounded tool, its prepn. method and application - Google Patents
Ultrahard compounded tool, its prepn. method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN1205262A CN1205262A CN 98110975 CN98110975A CN1205262A CN 1205262 A CN1205262 A CN 1205262A CN 98110975 CN98110975 CN 98110975 CN 98110975 A CN98110975 A CN 98110975A CN 1205262 A CN1205262 A CN 1205262A
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Abstract
An ultrahard composite tool (such as abrasive block, head or wheel) is composed of cubic boron nitride (CBN) as working layer and silicon carbide (SiC) as substrate. Said working layer contains CBN, Al2O3, N material, binder and adhesive. Said substrate contains SiC, Al2O3, N material, binder and adhesive. Said N material is chosen from kaolin, pyrophyllite and attapulgite. It is shaped by the method similar to that of engineering ceramics with calcine temp of 1000 deg.C.
Description
The invention relates to by cubic boron nitride (CBN) and do ultrahard compounded tool, preparation method and the application that working lining and carborundum (SiC) are formed as base layer.Belong to the sintered carbide tools field.
As everyone knows, cubic boron nitride (CBN) and diamond (Diamond) are the superhard materials that synthesizes under the high pressure high temperature condition up to now.Though both are more or less the same at hardness, because the difference of physical and chemical performance, its purposes emphasizes particularly on different fields.Be mainly used in the processing of non-ferrous metal and nonmetallic materials with the sintered carbide tools of diamond fabrication; The sintered carbide tools made from cubic boron nitride is good owing to its chemical stability, so lay particular emphasis on the processing of magnetic material and high rigidity ferrous metal, has remedied diamond weakness in this regard.People make the CBN instrument with metallic bond, organic resin bond and vitrified bond usually.For example, United States Patent (USP) (U.S.P.4,652,277) component and the forming method of Bao Dao vitrified bond CBN emery wheel, it has overcome the past and with epoxy resin CBN has been bonded in the emery wheel outer surface, the shortcoming of cementation difference, and new component and forming method are proposed, concrete composition is a compound CBN outer shroud on silicon carbide substrate, its component comprises the CBN of about 10-70, the bond medium of the corundum of about 5-60% and about 15-35%, effective composition of matrix comprises the SiC of about 10-65%, the bond medium of the corundum of about 10-60% and 5-30% (more than be percetage by weight).Its moulding and roasting are the technology that adopts engineering ceramics, and roasting under 980-1040 ℃ of high temperature, whole roasting time 65 hours, and the bond medium forms proportioning and fixes, thereby relatively reduced the adjustable range of the thermal coefficient of expansion of working lining and base layer.
The objective of the invention is at U.S.P.4,652, on 277 the basis, composition to working lining improves, the roasting maximum temperature is reduced, roasting time shortens, thereby further reduce production costs, simultaneously dry-pressing formed at the preparation process engineering ceramics that utilize more, and the two-way pressurization technology of using in preparation process improves product homogeneity and mechanical strength, and can make material provided by the invention and preparation method, the emery wheel that not only can be made into also can be made the difform hone stone of different composite structure, bistrique, further enlarges and uses.
To achieve the object of the present invention, working lining provided by the invention consists of: CBN 20-49, Al
2O
320-45, N expects 8-10, bond 20-26 and 1-2 binding agent, base layer consist of SiC 20-57, Al
2O
310-45, N expects 8-10, bond 20-26 and 1-2 binding agent are as the SiO that consists of of bond
254-70, B
2O
314-36, Al
2O
34-6, Na
2O 7-10 (more than be percetage by weight).
Can calculate by common adding by the base layer of several mixing phase compositions and the thermal coefficient of expansion mean value of working lining with theorem, the coefficient of expansion of base layer and working lining should be basic identical, produces thermal stress, crackle or phenomenon separated from one another when avoiding ultrahard compounded tool material preparation process cooling and work to occur.
The N material that adds in working lining provided by the invention and the base layer can be pyrophyllite, high Cen soil or concavo-convex bar, its basic composition is silicone content 30-40, the clay mineral (percetage by weight) of aluminium content 60-70, what the present invention recommended is pyrophyllite, and the N material adds the sintering that can promote the ultrahard compounded tool material effectively and improves bond strength.
The present invention can adjust granularity and the grade of CBN according to practical application, if the job requirement height then adopts amber CBN, and general requirement black CBN; The correct grinding level adopts W level CBN, and corase grind or sticking mill adopt 80-400 order CBN.
The concrete preparation method of ultrahard compounded tool material provided by the invention is as described below.
(1) preparation of ultrahard compounded tool material component
(1) bond preparation
By the component weighing of design and calculating, wherein SiO
2400 orders, B
2O
3The 325-400 order, Al
2O
3The 325-400 order, Na
2O 200 orders are with mechanical or manual method siccative mixing.
Na
2O adopts heating to divide Jie Na
2CO
3(chemical pure) is at Al
2O
3Or in other ceramic vessels, place in the electric furnace, be warming up to 980-1000 ℃, be incubated 2 hours, naturally cool to room temperature, take out and pulverized 200 mesh sieves.
(2) working lining (CBN) preparation
At first determine concrete proportioning, use V-arrangement batch mixer (or by hand repeatedly) CBN, Al by the compositing range that provides
2O
3Mix with N material siccative;
Then, mix, add the bond and the binding agent (using dextrin usually) of mixing more one by one, be mixed into moist compound once more in 6 parts of distilled water and 75 parts of above-mentioned compound ratios.
Three, with moist compound granulation, its method is that compound is put into metal die, applies 80-120kg/cm
2Pressure, from punching block, take out, pulverized the 60-80 mesh sieve.Also moist compound can be packed in plastics mould or the rubber die with calm pressure method moulding, the 60-80 mesh sieve is crossed in fragmentation.
(3) base layer (SiC) preparation
By compositing range is provided, determine concrete proportioning (make the coefficient of expansion and working lining close) with V-type batch mixer (or manual repeatedly) with SiC, Al
2O
3Mix with N material siccative.
Calculate by weight then, mix, add bond that has prepared and the binding agent of doing again, be mixed into moist compound once more, use and the identical method granulation of working lining (CBN) preparation by 3.7 parts of distilled water and 74 parts of matrix working lining compounds.
(2) compression moulding
Because superhard tool material simple shape and size is little is used steel form moulding usually, adopt the dry-pressing formed two-way pressurization in engineering ceramics field.Rise with forked type or the U type metalwork former pad with punching block, (pressure only is 150-250kg/cm in pressurization for the first time
2), the heat of taking out fork-shaped or U type after release is finished plays part, makes the former of punching block unsettled, and implementing for the second time then, pressurization (is generally 2500-3000kg/cm
2), in 30 seconds of pressurize, drip molding is taken out in release.
With above-mentioned ready matrix layered material and working layer materials, put into steel mold successively by product needed before compacting, whenever put into a kind of material, pressure is put into second kind of material more a little, and the like.(concrete grammar sees embodiment for details)
(3) sintering temperature and temperature rate
Total temperature rate and sintering temperature time should decide on size, the object bulk density of goods.The system that the present invention recommends is: room temperature to 480 ℃ 7 hours, 480 ℃ to 1000 ℃ is 4 hours (being incubated 4 hours), slowly cool to 750 ℃ in 4 hours then, be cooled to 600 ℃ by 750 ℃, be about 8 hours, last cool to room temperature needs 8 hours approximately, total roasting time is 51 hours, and maximum temperature is 1000 ℃, compares with the document introduction, maximum temperature reduces but total roasting time also shortens, and helps energy-conservation.
The advantage that composite superhard material provided by the invention has is:
(1) because working lining and base layer are regulated thermal coefficient of expansion wider range, and component can finally burnt till a spot of boride of back generation, aluminide in N material and the bond, this island plays like fibrous or whisker humidification, improve the intensity of product, improve heat shock resistance and mechanical shock ability.
(2) take the two-way pressurization of engineering ceramics, make product structure even compact, mechanical strength height.
(3) self wearability of product is good, and sintering temperature is low, and roasting time is short, and cost also can further reduce.
Fig. 1 is several sintered carbide tools structural representations.
Wherein: 1-1 is the structural representation of abrading block, and 1 is working lining, and 2 is base layer
1-2 is the structural representation of honing head, and 1 is working lining, and 2 is base layer
1-3 is the grinding wheel structure schematic diagram, and 1 is working lining, and 2 is base layer
For further setting forth substantive distinguishing features of the present invention and obvious improvement, be illustrated with example.
Embodiment 1: composite grinding block
(1) working lining is formed (wt%):
CBN (170-400 order, black) 39
Al
2O
3(325-400 order) 28
N material (pyrophyllite is crossed 200 orders) 8
Bond 23.1
Binding agent (dextrin) 1.9
(2) base layer is formed (wt%)
SiC (270-325 order) 40
Al
2O
3(270-325 order) 26
N material (pyrophyllite is crossed 200 orders) 10
Bond 22
Binding agent (dextrin) 2
(3) bond is formed (wt%)
SiO
2(400 order) 70
B
2O
3(325-400 order) 14
Al
2O
3(325-400 order) 6
Na
2O (200 order) 10
(4) earlier with bond mixing, wherein Na
2O is by Na
2CO
3Divide Jie in 980 ℃ of heating, cross 200 mesh sieves and make all the other Al
2O
3, SiO
2And B
2O
3Be commercially available chemical pure or technical pure, CBN, Al in the working lining
2O
3With pyrophyllite in the V-type batch mixer mixed after, be mixed into moist powder by 6 parts of distilled water and 75 parts of working layer materials, at 100kg/cm
2Under the pressure in punching block precompressed pulverized the granulation material of 40 mesh sieves.
(5) forming method is by two-way pressure method, in punching block, put into earlier matrix material after the granulation, its weight is by required matrix ligament thickness, calculate the back weighing, gently charge level is flattened with soft brush etc., pressure is poured load weighted working layer materials then into a little, and carrying out the two-way pressurization moulding pressure first time after flattening is 200kg/cm
2, taking-up fork-shaped or U-shaped pad play part after the release, carry out the pressurization second time again, and pressure is 3000kg/cm
2, in 30 seconds of pressurize, release is taken out.
SiC, Al in the base layer
2O
3Press component than after mixed in the V-type batch mixer with pyrophyllite, blend together moist pellet, add bond and binding agent then by 3.7 parts of distilled water and 74 parts of base layer powders.
(6) sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, room temperature rise to 480 ℃ 7 hours, 480 ℃ to 1000 ℃ is 4 hours, be incubated 4 hours, be cooled to 750 ℃ then in 4 hours, be cooled to 600 ℃ again in 8 hours, being cooled to room temperature at last is 8 hours, whole heating and cooling can be at the uniform velocity heating or cooling to each temperature with common programme-control.
With the emery wheel that is used for circular hole in the grinding that present embodiment is made, to grinding material bearing steel, the internal grinding of HRC63 is tested, and its wear resistance ratio is 105, i.e. bearing steel (HRC63) stock removal: wheel grinding amount=105: 1
Emery wheel size: φ 16/ φ 6 * 5m/m workpiece size: internal diameter 35m/m
Grinding wheel speed: 10000 rev/mins of cooling fluids: commercially available water fluidity oil
(1) working lining is formed (wt%)
CBN (100-120 order, amber) 35
Al
2O
3(170-200 order) 27
N expects (concavo-convex bar-shaped) 10
Bond 26
Binding agent (dextrin) 2
(2) base layer is formed (wt%)
SiC (120-200 order, amber) 40
Al
2O
3(200 order) 28
N expects (concavo-convex bar-shaped) 8
Bond 21.5
Binding agent (dextrin) 1.5
(3) bond is formed (wt%)
SiO
2(400 order) 62
B
2O
3(325-400 order) 25
Al
2O
3(325-400 order) 5
Na
2O (200 order) 8
Forming process, because of its three-decker (shown in Fig. 1-2), in punching block, place the mixed granulation material of a certain amount of matrix earlier, omit plus-pressure after flattening, pour the working layer materials of granulation then into, use two-way pressure method then, be pressed into two layers of sandwich honing head, in the present embodiment, other process conditions are shown in embodiment 1.
Claims (6)
1. a ultrahard compounded tool is made up of working lining (1) and base layer (2), and working lining (1) is main the composition by cubic boron nitride, and base layer (2) is main the composition by carborundum, it is characterized in that:
(1) working lining is formed (wt%)
CBN 20-49
Al
2O
3 20-45
N expects 8-10
Bond 20-26
Binding agent 1-2
(2) base layer is formed (wt%)
SiC 20-57
Al
2O
3 10-45
N expects 8-10
Bond 20-26
Binding agent 1-2
(3) bond is formed (wt%)
SiO
2 54-70
B
2O
3 14-36
Al
2O
3 4-6
Na
2O 7-10
(4) the N material is: silicone content 30-40wt%, the clay mineral of aluminium content 60-70wt% is as pyrophyllite, kaolin or concavo-convex bar.
(5) binding agent is a dextrin
2. by the preparation method of the described sintered carbide tools of claim 1, comprise the mixed of powder, granulation, compacting and roasting is characterized in that:
(1) bond preparation
Press SiO
2400 orders, B
2O
3The 325-400 order, Al
2O
3The 325-400 order, Na
2O 200 orders,
Ratio of components is evenly mixed, SiO
2, B
2O
3And Al
2O
3Chemical pure formula technical pure that can be commercially available, Na
2O is by Na
2CO
3Divide Jie and cooling to sieve through 980 ℃ of high temperature;
(2) working lining powder preparation
By forming proportioning with CBN+Al
2O
3+ N material mixes with V-arrangement batch mixer siccative, blendes together moist powder by 6 parts of distilled water and 75 parts of these compounds then, adds the bond and the binding agent (dextrin) of mixing more gradually, blendes together moist compound once more, applies 80-120kg/cm in metal pattern
2Pressure takes out from punching block or compound is packed in mould of plastics or the rubber mold and is pressed into shape, fragmentation, the granulation of mistake 60-80 mesh sieve with calm;
(3) base layer powder preparation
By forming proportioning with SiC+Al
2O
3+ N material mixes with V-arrangement batch mixer siccative, blendes together moist powder by 3.7 parts of distilled water and 74 parts of these compounds then, adds the bond and the binding agent of mixing more gradually, and granulation specifically prepares identical with the working lining powder;
(4) adopt the two-way pressure method of engineering ceramics to be shaped, rise with fork-shaped or U-shaped metalwork former pad, for the first time with 150-250kg/cm with punching block
2Exert pressure, after the release, the pad of taking out fork-shaped or U-shaped plays part, makes the former of punching block unsettled, pressurization for the second time then, pressure is 2500-3000kg/cm
2, pressurize 30 seconds, release again;
(5) sintering temperature and temperature rate, roasting maximum temperature are 1000 ℃, are incubated 4 hours, and total roasting time is 51 hours.
3. by the described ultrahard compounded tool of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
(1) working lining is formed (wt%)
CBN (170-400 order, black) 39
Al
2O
3(325-400 order) 28
N material (pyrophyllite is crossed 200 orders) 8
Bond 23.1
Binding agent (dextrin) 1.9
(2) base layer is formed (wt%)
Sic (120-200 order) 40
Al
2O
3(200 order) 26
N expects (pyrophyllite) 10
Bond 22
Binding agent (dextrin) 2
(3) bond is formed (wt%)
SiO
2(400 order) 70
B
2O
3(325-400 order) 14
Al
2O
3(325-400 order) 6
Na
2O (200 order) 10
4. by the described ultrahard compounded tool of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
(1) working lining is formed (wt%)
CBN (100-120 order, amber) 35
Al
2O
3(170-200 order) 27
N expects (concavo-convex bar) 10
Bond 26
Binding agent (dextrin) 2
(2) base layer is formed (wt%)
SiC (120-200 order) 40
Al
2O
3(200 order) 28
N expects (concavo-convex bar) 8
Bond 21.5
Binding agent (dextrin) 1.5
(3) bond is formed (wt%)
SiO
2(400 order) 62
B
2O
3(325-400 order) 25
Al
2O
3(325-400 order) 5
Na
2O (200 order) 8
5. by the preparation method of claim 3,4 described ultrahard compounded tools, it is characterized in that:
(1) earlier bond, working layer materials, matrix layered material are prepared by right 2 methods.
(2) forming method adopts two-way pressurization.
(3) sintering temperature is 1000 ℃, and roasting time is 51 hours, evenly heating and cooling.
6. the sintered carbide tools of making by claim 1,2,3,4 can be made into honing head, abrading block, emery wheel, is suitable for corase grind, half correct grinding and grinding.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98110975A CN1089657C (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1998-07-24 | Ultrahard compounded tool, its prepn. method and application |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98110975A CN1089657C (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1998-07-24 | Ultrahard compounded tool, its prepn. method and application |
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|---|---|
| CN1205262A true CN1205262A (en) | 1999-01-20 |
| CN1089657C CN1089657C (en) | 2002-08-28 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN98110975A Expired - Fee Related CN1089657C (en) | 1998-07-24 | 1998-07-24 | Ultrahard compounded tool, its prepn. method and application |
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| US4652277A (en) * | 1986-04-25 | 1987-03-24 | Dresser Industries, Inc. | Composition and method for forming an abrasive article |
| CN1059138A (en) * | 1991-08-30 | 1992-03-04 | 机械电子工业部郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所 | Agglomerate of composite superhard material and manufacture method thereof |
| DE19620972A1 (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1997-11-27 | Winter & Sohn Ernst | Method and device for processing an annular CBN or diamond coating of grinding wheels |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1089657C (en) | 2002-08-28 |
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