CN1203546A - 容器的改进 - Google Patents

容器的改进 Download PDF

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CN1203546A
CN1203546A CN96198694A CN96198694A CN1203546A CN 1203546 A CN1203546 A CN 1203546A CN 96198694 A CN96198694 A CN 96198694A CN 96198694 A CN96198694 A CN 96198694A CN 1203546 A CN1203546 A CN 1203546A
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查尔斯·乔纳森·布里顿
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Abstract

利用热塑性材料来制造一种容器,它的制造过程分为两个步骤。第一步,通过注射成型形成一预型件(1),其中的模具部件很容易将一管状壳体(2)拆卸下来,这个管状壳体(2)具有一个封闭端,并在开口端有一向外突出的边缘。第二步,对仍很热的预型件进行吹塑加工,有可能还进行一些初始的机械拉伸,加工时将吹管(13)放入管状壳体(2)的开口端,并用开口端边缘的外部件(7)来固定预型件(1)。管状壳体(2)的壁发生延伸,并迅速在开口端的下面向外延伸,从而与边缘的内部件(5)的底面融合在一起。因此,最终形成的容器具有一个由内嵌凸缘所形成的开口。这种容器可以制造成在其开口的周围具有一滴水槽的涂料桶的形式。

Description

容器的改进
本发明是涉及容器，尤其涉及象听桶这种具有内压盖子的容器的制造方法，通过以容器的边缘作为支点能将容器的盖子撬出。传统的方法是利用金属来制造这种容器，并且这种用金属制造的容器被广泛地用来盛装如涂料、巧克力饮料及谷粉等内装物质。
目前已经有利用塑料来制造这种容器，迄今，它们是通过将两个单个的模件焊接在一起。采用这种两件结构形式的原因是顶部的凸缘或边缘向内突出。如果采用已知的注射模塑法来制造容器，就不可能撤出内部的型芯。因为开口太小，不能允许通过任何形式的可压扁的插件从开口通过。采用吹塑法是一个解决的方案，但是，凸缘的问题仍未得到解决。
本发明的目的是要克服这些困难，使得这种容器能采用吹塑法来制造。
本发明一方面是提供制造容器的方法，入口置有一个从相邻的容器壁嵌置的开口；制造容器所用的材料在受热时容易产生变形，其中在第一个步骤中，制造出一个雏形容器，这个雏形容器的边缘限定出一个向外突出的开口，这个边缘将被用来形成容器壁之用的；在第二个步骤中，在雏形容器的边缘被固定的情况下，将高温下的雏形容器壁向外吹塑，使容器壁延伸，从而使边缘的里边部分被嵌入在那儿。
在下文中，假设雏形容器和最终容器两者都是处于直立姿势，容器的开口位于最上面。
在第一步中，通过注射成型能很方便地形成雏形容器，在这注射成型法中，采用了一内模芯，这内模芯随后会通过所说的开口被撤出。在第二步中，最好经开口进行吹塑来把雏形容器进一步加工成最终容器，尽管其中至少有一些变形或延伸可能会通过机械方式来获得。
优选的形式是使雏形容器的开口朝嘴部变宽，从而使该处的容器壁变薄。于是所述边缘就可以包括一个侧面凸缘，该侧面凸缘从这个变薄的壁面上向外突出，在第二步中，这个变薄的部分被变形成与凸缘的下侧相结合。雏形容器最好在侧面凸缘上还具有另一个凸缘，这另一个凸缘向下突出，环绕容器的开口端，该变薄的部分朝这另一个凸缘延伸变形，因而受到这个凸缘内侧的反力作用并会延伸到这个凸缘自由边的下面。
采用这种结构，如果容器的材料是透明的话，就能将一数据带设置在雏形容器的这另一凸缘的内侧，透过容器壁就可以清晰可认。这个数据带由这个变薄的部分来定位住。
方便地情况是，在侧面凸缘的根部设置一个竖直凸棱，它的内侧平滑地连接到开口的嘴部轮廓。此外，在侧面凸缘的外边缘，可在更靠上的地方设置一个阶梯延伸件，这个阶梯延伸件与所说的竖直凸棱一起形成一条环绕开口并朝上敞开的槽。这个阶梯延伸件可以在侧向上突出到这些凸缘的外边。在用吹塑法制造容器时，这个阶梯延伸件就被用来固定雏形容器。
本发明的另一方面是提供一种利用上述方法而制造出来的容器。
为了更好地理解本发明，下面将参照附图通过举例的形式来描述一个实施例。
图1是在吹塑之前容器的预型件的轴向剖面图；
图2是处于模具中的容器的轴向剖面图，这个容器是从图1中的预型件通过吹塑法而已被延伸；
图3是从模具中拆卸下来的最终容器的轴向剖面图。
预型件或称雏形容器1有一个平底型的碗状壳体2，这个碗状壳体2的嘴部有一个向外突出的圆环3。这个预型件1是用塑料通过注射成型法来形成的，该预型件的形状是这样子的，即它能使模具本身用两部分来形成，而且当塑料被定型时，模具的这两部分能通过轴向移动而相互分开，从而能把预型件1脱模出来。模具上没有会使模具结构变得复杂的凹陷结构。
在朝壳体2的顶部的方向上，圆筒形壁变得薄一些，它是在内侧以锥形变成一个平滑的凹弧形4并直到约为壳体2其余部分厚度的一半。圆环3上有个径向向外突出的凸缘5，在这个凸缘的外周上还有另一个凸缘6，它朝下突出，形成一个同轴圆筒形侧裙。圆环3还有一个阶梯延伸件7突出到凸缘5的上面，并在径向上超出凸缘6。在凸缘5的根部，有一个竖直的圆环棱8，圆环棱8的内侧平滑地与弧形面4融合在一起。圆环棱8的外侧向下倾入槽9内，槽9的外侧是通过阶梯延伸7来限定的。
为了吹塑成型，将仍然很热的预型件放到吹塑模具中。这个吹模塑具包括两半拉部件10和11，并带有一个底部插件或称芯杆12。通过阶梯延伸件7将预型件安放在模具腔的边缘上，凸缘6与模具腔的嘴部紧密配合。这些部分比其余部分冷却得更快，因此使它坚固到足够实现支持和定位的作用。吹管13被做成能与槽9、棱8及弧形表面4的上部均能紧密配合的形状，并且它们与塑性材料的这种接合有利于该部分地冷却和固化。
高压气体通过吹管被引入。由于塑性材料的其余部分还很软且易弯曲，因此，在顶部附近的变薄的壳体发生径向延伸和扩张，从而受到凸缘5的底面和凸缘6内侧的反力作用。然后，它环绕凸缘6的底面流动，从而与模具腔的内壁相会。壳体2的其余部分进行膨胀，随着吹塑的完成，就形成了如图2所示的容器。热量使得当两个塑性表面融合在一起时，这两个表面实际上变得是匀质的了。从而形成如图3所示的最终容器。一旦材料冷却和定型，就将模具的两半部件10和11打开，将吹管13撤出，从而完成整个吹塑成型。
可见，最终的容器象一个传统的涂料桶，它具有一条用于滴水的槽9，阶梯延伸件7作为用于撬出压入开口的盖子的一个支点，这个开口的嘴部是由棱8来限定的。
容器最常见的形状是圆筒形。但是，可以利用这种技术将其制造成其它形状，例如制造成截面为椭圆形或多边形的形状。
可以用各种塑性材料来制造，这些材料包括聚氯乙烯，高密度的聚乙烯，聚丙烯，丙烯酸或聚碳酸酯。由于单件式的结构能节省材料，因此，一些昂贵的材料，如聚乙烯对苯二本酸盐(P.E.T.)，聚乙烯萘(P.E.N)，和共聚物及结晶状态或非结晶状态的这两种材料的混合物都是可用的。
虽然用作膨胀的最好方法是采用吹塑法，对于大的容器可辅以机械延伸的手段，但是，也可以利用真空注塑法来达到相同的技术效果。

Claims (13)

1.一种制造容器的方法，容器的入口置有一个由相邻的容器壁嵌置的开口，该容器的材料是受热时易于变形的，其中，在第一阶段中，雏形容器被制有一个限定一个开口的边缘，其从将来变成容器壁的部分向外伸出；而且，在第二阶段中，雏形的容器壁，在提高的温度下被向外扩张同时所述边缘被固定住，因此，该壁部就延伸离开这边缘之嵌置的里边部分。
2.按权利要求1的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：在第一阶段中的雏形容器的成形是使用一个内模芯的模塑完成的，随后该型芯可通过开口抽出。
3.按权利要求2的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：雏形容器的成形是注射成形的。
4.权利要求1、2或3的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：在第二阶段中从雏形到完工容器的转变是经过开口应用吹塑成形完成的。
5.按前述权利要求之一的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：雏形容器的开口朝嘴部变宽并局部地使容器壁变薄。
6.按权利要求5的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：所述边缘包括一个从薄壁部分向外伸出的侧向凸缘，这个薄壁部分在第二阶段中变形成与所述凸缘的下侧面相结合。
7.按权利要求6的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：雏形容器具有一个在侧向凸缘上的另外凸缘，其伸向下方以围绕容器的开口端。
8.按权利要求7或8的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：所述薄壁部分的变形延伸到使其受到另外凸缘之内侧面的反力作用并伸出到另外凸缘的自由边缘下面。
9.按权利要求8的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：该容器的材料是透明的；一个数据带设置在雏形容器之另外凸缘的内侧并是透过那里可见的；该带子被变形的薄壁部分所定位住。
10.按权利要求5至9任一的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：在所述侧向凸缘的根部置有一个直立的棱，其在里边平滑地连接到开口之嘴部的型廓上。
11.按权利要求10的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：在侧向凸缘的外边缘上并在上边侧面上置有一个阶梯延伸件以与所述棱构成一个向上敞开的围绕开口的环槽。
12.按权利要求11及4的制造容器的方法，其特征在于：该阶梯的延伸件侧向延伸以超出所述凸缘，它的下侧面形成在吹塑时为雏形容器定位的装置。
13.一个按前述权利要求之一方法制造的容器。
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