CN1189586C - 通过高温浸涂制造带状金属复合材料的方法和装置 - Google Patents
通过高温浸涂制造带状金属复合材料的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1189586C CN1189586C CNB988123126A CN98812312A CN1189586C CN 1189586 C CN1189586 C CN 1189586C CN B988123126 A CNB988123126 A CN B988123126A CN 98812312 A CN98812312 A CN 98812312A CN 1189586 C CN1189586 C CN 1189586C
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- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种通过金属基带的高温浸涂制造带状金属复合材料的方法和装置，该装置由一个用于容纳熔融态涂层材料的熔炼池及一个设在熔炼池前的基带预加热装置组成，基带可最好沿竖直传送方向借助设在入口侧和出口侧的对辊通过熔炼池。其中，预加热装置(41)设在一个置于熔炼池(11)前的入口区内的、包围基带(21)的仓室(61)内，来自一个介质供应源(52)的介质可借助至少一个通入仓室的管道(51)送入仓室内。
Description
本发明涉及一种通过金属基带的高温浸涂制造带状金属复合材料的方法，伴随基带的移动，在它的表面上由熔融金属涂层材料通过凝固结晶出一薄的该涂层材料层。其中，该涂层材料与基带材料不同。本发明还涉及实施该方法的装置及用该方法制造的产品。
由欧洲EP 0 467 749 B1公开过一种用铝对铁氧体不锈钢带进行浸涂的方法。其中，基带在不同温度下，在非氧化气氛中以不同步骤被加热，直到基带最终浸在涂层池内。
此外，由欧洲EP 0 397 952 B1公开过一种用铝对不锈钢带进行连续热浸涂的方法。其中，基带在一氩气吹洗的仓室内在一排励磁电流装置旁通过。基带在加热到浸涂所需温度的同时通过氩气等离子管放电被清洗，清洗后的基带被浸入熔融铝池中。
以上两种方法中都是用铝与钢复合。
此外由德国DE 195 45 259 A1公开过一种制造薄的金属带的方法和装置。其中，金属带垂直通过钢熔体并在此结晶出初始金属带20-2％的涂层厚度。金属带根据其厚度被预加热到室温至最高900℃之间的某一温度。用这种方法制造的复合带，其所用材料之一为不锈钢，奥氏体钢或铁氧体钢。
更精确的实验表明，用目前已公开的方法无法实现母片与涂层之间复合的能可靠重复的期待结果。
本发明的目的在于，提供一种方法，一种装置及一种产品，其中，可以简单方式实现由不同材料组成的复合材料各个层的致密，无缺陷单层复合。
本发明将通过以下方式达到上述目的，基带通过熔融涂层材料之前其表面被预加热并通过化学元素的沉积或注入被这样预处理，即在通过涂层材料期间，在基带的预处理表面与在基带表面上结晶出的壳层之间通过扩散形成一个由梯度材料组成的结合区，该梯度材料的液相线温度至少在结合区部分内低于基带材料及涂层材料的液相线温度。
在基带浸入金属熔体之后，在其表面上由于出现过冷及良好的异晶核条件而在短时间内形成冷硬壳层，它最初尚未与基带形成结合。通过浸渗过程期间和之后的扩散过程在壳层与基带之间的结合区内产生浓缩过程，这导致局部形成具有确定化学成份的合金。在结合区内形成具有不同化学成份的梯度材料。局部浓缩引起处在基带及涂层材料的液相线温度以下的结合区部分内的液相线温度的下降(Wensel和Roeser计算)。由于液相线温度下降，通常引起更强烈的固相线温度下降。因此，尽管基带材料和涂层材料为固态，但在结合区内存在液相部分。该液相组分确保了基体材料与涂层材料之间的焊接。
上述过程在图4中可以清楚看出。在此，局部液相线温度和固相线温度的曲线在图中示出，其中，温度相对于位置坐标描绘。液相线温度T液和固相线温度T固曲线表明在结合区内有液相存在，而同时基体材料(基带)和涂层材料为固态。
值得注意的是，为可靠结合，基带不能太冷，而另一方面温度不能选择太高，以至基带在熔池内被熔化或强度损失太多而在传送期间断开。另人惊奇的是，基带芯可保持在适合的温度，而液相线温度在所希望的紧密结合情况下至少在带表面可降低，以便因此使液体中的扩散相混合成为可能。
在本发明的具有优点的扩展形式中，采用了有助于在结合区形成扩散相合金的不同介质。这些介质可与基带一起给料，不过也可以共同或单独地涂覆在带外面，按照本发明，基带为其表面作准备而通过含有至少部分进入表面内的相应化学元素的介质。
按照本发明特征，介质可以是像氮，氢，一氧化碳，氨或二氧化碳这样的气体或按照本发明的另一特征是像硫酸，液氨或液氮这样的液体。介质也可是像氰盐，碳酸盐或赤血盐这样的固体。
按照本发明的最适合特征，基带由表面区内的碳含量大于20ppm或氮含量大于20ppm的钢组成。
基带在熔融涂层材料内的传送速度和/或其浸渗深度或长度以这种方式调节，即最小浸渗时间保持在50msec，同时，总浸渗时间向上由所希望的涂层厚度和上面已描述的基带熔化危险限制。
按照本发明方法的另一形式特征，基带表面在浸入熔融涂层材料之前被打毛。
作为可能工艺步骤的优先选择，基带为含碳钢，它至少在其表面被预热到T预大于900℃的温度。涂层材料最好是高合金钢，尤其是铬合金钢。
按照本发明方法制造带状金属复合材料的装置，它由一个容纳熔融涂层材料的熔炼池及一个置于熔炼池上游的基带预加热装置组成，基带可借助设在入口侧和出口侧的辊对最好垂直传送方向通过该熔炼池，在此，按照本发明，预加热装置设在一个置于熔炼池上游的入口区内的，包围基带的仓室内，来自一个介质供应源的介质可借助至少一个通入仓室的管道送入该仓室内。
基带所通过的熔炼池的形状可任意选择。在此可采用带有转向辊的浸渗槽或底侧基带通过口的槽，其中，在后一种情况下，基带垂直通过铸槽。上述槽具有以下优点，即可以高可靠性依据带温度保持参数浸入长度和带速，因为熔炼池内的熔池高度可简单且适合作业地调整。
在用来按本发明方法制造复合材料金属带的尤其简单和紧密的装置中，基带直接从非氧化环境被送入熔池。这可通过一个仓室实现，该仓室一部分伸入熔体并对于带底口的熔炼池而言通过直接安置在熔炼池底下面实现。
当采用已具有合金成分的基带时，一个预加热装置和一个气体，尤其惰性气体可通过其进入仓室内腔的介质管道就够了。
只要需在基带表面附加固体或液体介质或仅仅气体介质，如氮，氢，一氧化碳或二氧化碳时，在管道处或设置通风嘴，气体介质通过它可吹入仓室内腔和/或到达基带表面；或在管道处设置喷嘴，液体介质，如硫酸，液氨或液氮可通过它喷在基带表面上。
也可采用降低基带液相线温度的固体或松散料，如氰盐，碳酸盐或赤血盐。当采用松散料时，它可通过管道进料并与基带表面接触，伴随带在导槽旁经过将固体带出。
按照本发明，介质也可设置成可再装料的固体并被挤压在基带表面上。该固体材料可成型成块，它在适当压力下被压向基带表面。
在另一具有优点的实施例中，采用了测量熔体温度，基带的温度及速度的测量装置，它通过处理器控制至少一个调节基带速度的执行元件。
此外，还得读取池高并配置处理计算机。准确且可靠的池高控制例如通过低压室实现。
基带尤其可通过对合金元素，C或其它晶界合金元素，如N的含量的影响措施这样调整，即局部液相线温度下降导致，结合层具有齿状结合线，该齿合线固定地强化了已有金属紧密结合。
图中示出了本发明的实施例，
图1带底部输送口的熔炼池，
图2带有气体或液体介质的通道的熔炼池
图3带有固体介质的通道的熔炼池
图4局部液相线温度和固相线温度的示意曲线
图1中用11代表熔炼池，其中，基带21通过一个底口13进入熔体S。在熔炼池11的底板下面设有一个仓室61，一个预加热装置41设在该仓室内，并有一个与介质源52相连的介质通道51通入其中。基带21借助输送棍对31通过底口13被送入熔炼池11，被涂层的基带22通过一个设在熔炼池11的开口12上的输出辊对32从熔炼池11中脱离并传走。
图1中所示的熔炼池也可设置成其它形式的，例如浸渗池，基带从上面导入并绕一个设在熔池内的辊转向上传出。
图2中相同的部分用相同符号表示。作为图1中已示元件的补充，图2示出了一个气体或液体介质的介质管道51，它可借助介质传送器54从介质源52导入仓室61。对于气体介质而言，采用通风嘴53；而对于液体介质而言，采用喷嘴55。
在图2中，作为预加热装置设有一个燃烧器43，它可沿带传送方向设在喷嘴或通风嘴53，55的下游(图中右侧)或其上游(图中左侧)。
图2中82代表一个喷砂器，利用它，喷射介质通过喷射嘴84喷到基带表面上。在此，喷射介质储存在容器85内并通过泵86传送。
熔炼池11的上开口12由一个包围传出辊32及一个卷取装置23的顶盖63覆盖。
熔体S几乎不流动地加到熔炼池底部区域，在此采用了一个与真空泵78连通的低压分流器77。
经过一个其底口72可由一塞棒74封闭的钢水包71，熔体借助一个浸铸管73可导入低压分流器77的容纳池76内。
图2中示意出了一个作为测量和控制装置的处理器94，它与测量熔体温度的温度测量元件91，测量基带21温度的测温元件92，测量带速93和测量池高97的测量元件相连。
处理器94借助执行元件95控制带速并并借助执行元件96控制塞棒74及控制熔炼池11内熔体S的池高工作。
图3示出了带有基带21从中通过的底口13的另一种熔炼池11。在熔炼池11的底部区域外设有一个仓室61，其里面设有一个燃烧器43或感应加热器42形式的预加热装置。仓室61的内腔62通过介质管道51与气体介质源52.1相连。
此外，内腔62由一个作为熔炼池11底部区域抗热件的水平分离壁64与一固体介质通道隔开。基带21右侧设有一个导槽57，它通过一个蜗杆59与一个存有松散料的容器56相连。
基带21左侧采用的固体B在介质源52.2上方被挤压在基带21表面上。
熔炼池11的上开口12如在图2所示实施例中一样由与惰性气体源58相连的顶盖63覆盖。顶盖63的大小应盖住一预先确定距离上的已涂层基带22的传送路程。
顶盖63外面示意出一个轧机机座33，可利用它进行热变形。
图3中，材料输入通过一个钢水包71完成。该钢水包71具有一个底口72，此处设有一个可由一塞棒75封闭的浸入熔体S的浸铸管73。
项目表：
熔池；
11.熔炼池
12.上开口
13.底口
基带；
21.基带
22.已涂层基带
23.卷取装置
附加装置；
31.传入辊对
32.传出辊对
33轧机机座
41.预加热装置
42.感应加热
43.燃烧器
介质：
51.介质管道
52.介质源
52.1.气体介质源
52.2.固体介质源
53.通风嘴
54.介质输送器
55.喷嘴
56槽
57导槽
58气源
59蜗杆
顶盖：
61仓室
62内腔
63顶盖
64分离壁
料输送管道：
71钢水包
72底口
73浸铸管
74塞柱
75塞棒
76容纳池
77低压分流器
78真空泵
打毛：
81打毛构件
82喷砂器
83刷子
84喷嘴
85槽
86泵
测量及控制装置：
91熔体温度
92基带温度
93速度
94处理器
95速度执行元件
96塞棒执行元件
97熔体池高测量装置
S熔体
B固体
R松散料
Claims (19)
1.通过金属基带的高温浸涂制造带状金属复合材料的方法，当基带通过温度比基带材料高的熔融金属涂层材料时在其表面通过凝固结晶出与基带材料不同的一薄涂层材料层，包括以下步骤：基带表面被预加热并通过化学元素的沉积或注入被预处理；将预热的基带通过不同于基带的涂层材料，其中当基带通过熔融涂层材料期间，在基带的预处理表面与在基带表面上结晶出的壳层之间通过扩散形成一个由梯度材料组成的结合区，该梯度材料的液相线温度至少在结合区部分内低于基带材料及涂层材料的液相线温度，从而在该区域生成液相部分。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征是，基带为其表面的预处理要从含有至少部分进入表面的相应化学元素的介质中通过。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征是，介质为一种选自氮，氢，一氧化碳，氨或二氧化碳的气体。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征是，介质为一种选自硫酸，液氨或液氮的液体。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征是，介质为一种选自氰盐，碳酸盐或赤血盐的固体。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征是，基带由钢组成，其表面碳含量大于20ppm。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征是，基带由钢组成，其表面氮含量大于20ppm。
8.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征是，基带的传送速度和/或它在熔融涂层材料内的浸渗深度以如下方式控制，即最小浸渗时间为50msec。
9.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征是，基带在浸入熔融涂层材料之前其表面被打毛。
10.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征是，基带为含碳钢，它至少在表面被预加热到900℃以上。
11.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征是，涂层材料为高合金化钢。
12.按照权利要求11所述的方法，其特征是，所述高合金化钢为铬合金钢。
13.通过金属基带的高温浸涂制造带状金属复合材料的装置，其组成为：一个用于容纳熔融态涂层材料的熔炼池，所述熔炼池具有入口侧和出口侧；基带以垂直的传送方向借助设在入口侧和出口侧的对辊通过所述熔炼池；一个设在熔炼池上游的基带预加热装置，其被设在一个置于熔炼池上游的入口区内的、包围基带的仓室内，来自一个介质源的介质可借助至少一个通入仓室的管道送入仓室内；设有用来测得熔体温度、基带(21)的温度及速度的测量装置；至少一个调节基带速度的速度执行元件(95)，所述测量装置借助一个处理器(94)控制所述至少一个速度执行元件；管道，其设有通风嘴(53)用于将气体介质吹入仓室(61)的内腔(62)和/或基带表面上，或者设有喷嘴(55)用于将液体介质喷在基带(21)表面上，或者松散的固体物可通过管道(51，59)进入导槽(57)，在此，固体物可与基带(21)表面接触，或者介质作为可再装料的固体(B)可被挤压在基带(21)表面上。
14.按照权利要求13所述的装置，其特征是，熔炼池(11)上游还配有使基带(21)表面打毛的装置(81)。
15.按照权利要求14所述的装置，其特征是，所述打毛的装置(81)为喷砂器(82)。
16.按照权利要求14所述的装置，其特征是，所述打毛的装置(81)为刷子。
17.按照权利要求13所述的装置，其特征是，熔炼池(11)由一个顶盖(63)覆盖，它与提供惰性气体的供气源(58)相连，它在已涂层的基带表面硬化期间包围已涂层的基带。
18.按照权利要求13所述的装置，其特征是，熔炼池(11)下游沿基带(21)抽出方向置有至少一个轧机机座(33)。
19.按照权利要求13所述的装置通过权利要求1所述的方法制备的复合材料金属带，它含有至少一种由不锈钢组成的材料，其中，在通过涂层材料的基带上结晶出一很薄的层，其特征是，基带至少一侧的金属涂层材料的厚度为：dA＝0.01～0.03×D，其中D为基带的厚度，结合层的厚度为dB＝5～150μm，结合层具有齿状线并形成一个由梯度材料组成的结合区，它们使结合层与基带和与涂层之间附加固定地结合，在基带和涂层材料之间形成合金元素的连续过渡。
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| BR (1) | BR9814297A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2315797A1 (zh) |
| DE (2) | DE19758140A1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1999032683A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10239351B4 (de) * | 2002-08-28 | 2006-07-27 | Amtec Kistler Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Auftragen eines Beschichtungsmittels |
| DE10254306A1 (de) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-06-03 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Schmelztauchbeschichtung eines Metallstranges |
| CN106470758B (zh) * | 2014-06-06 | 2019-07-19 | 国立研究开发法人产业技术综合研究所 | 氨吸附材料 |
| KR102521021B1 (ko) * | 2018-03-08 | 2023-04-12 | 상라오 징코 솔라 테크놀러지 디벨롭먼트 컴퍼니, 리미티드 | 태양 전지 패널용 플럭스 도포 부재 및 방법, 그리고 태양 전지 패널의 인터커넥터 부착 장치 |
Family Cites Families (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1552041A (en) * | 1924-05-09 | 1925-09-01 | Frederick M Crapo | Protected metal and process of making it |
| US1726652A (en) * | 1925-03-25 | 1929-09-03 | Indiana Steel & Wire Company | Process of making protected metal |
| GB422512A (en) * | 1934-01-24 | 1935-01-14 | Rylands Brothers Ltd | Improvements in or relating to methods and apparatus for galvanising or zinc coatingiron or steel articles |
| GB424373A (en) * | 1934-01-24 | 1935-02-20 | Rylands Brothers Ltd | Improvements in or relating to methods and apparatus for galvanizing or zinc coating iron or steel articles |
| US2444422A (en) * | 1942-09-07 | 1948-07-06 | Specialties Dev Corp | Producing aluminum-coated iron or steel |
| US2898251A (en) * | 1956-11-19 | 1959-08-04 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp | Aluminum coated steel article and method of producing it |
| GB929262A (en) * | 1962-03-05 | 1963-06-19 | Inland Steel Co | Aluminizing of ferrous metal base |
| US3483030A (en) * | 1966-12-19 | 1969-12-09 | Texas Instruments Inc | Chill cladding method and apparatus |
| GB1396419A (en) * | 1972-08-17 | 1975-06-04 | Gkn South Wales Ltd | Hot-dip zinc galvanizing of ferrous articles |
| JPS53127333A (en) * | 1977-04-13 | 1978-11-07 | Nippon Steel Corp | Manufacture of zero spangle galvanized steel sheet |
| JPS5672161A (en) * | 1979-11-19 | 1981-06-16 | Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd | Plating method on nitrided article |
| JPS57108253A (en) * | 1980-12-24 | 1982-07-06 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Production of zinc plated steel plate having differential thickness |
| JPS58110665A (ja) * | 1981-12-22 | 1983-07-01 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 溶融亜鉛メツキ鋼板の製造方法 |
| JPS58174564A (ja) * | 1982-04-07 | 1983-10-13 | Kawatetsu Kohan Kk | 鋼帯のアルミニウムあるいはアルミニウム亜鉛合金メツキ方法 |
| JPS60194053A (ja) * | 1984-03-15 | 1985-10-02 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 溶融亜鉛メツキ鋼板の製造方法 |
| JPS61166986A (ja) * | 1985-01-17 | 1986-07-28 | Masami Kobayashi | 金属メツキを施したアモルフアス合金 |
| DD270092A1 (de) * | 1988-03-14 | 1989-07-19 | Metalleichtbaukombinat Fi Veb | Verfahren zur chemischen behandlung von metallteilen |
| JPH0397839A (ja) * | 1989-09-11 | 1991-04-23 | Fujitsu Ltd | 複合軽量防振材とその製法 |
| FR2661426B1 (fr) * | 1990-04-27 | 1992-08-07 | Maubeuge Fer | Procede de galvanisation au trempe et en continu. |
| JPH05112858A (ja) * | 1991-10-21 | 1993-05-07 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 耐２次加工脆性又は焼付け硬化性に優れた高ｒ値溶融亜鉛メツキ冷延鋼板の製造方法 |
| JP3301044B2 (ja) * | 1993-04-26 | 2002-07-15 | 株式会社ヨドキャスチング | 鋳鉄製マンホール蓋のめっき方法 |
| FR2742449B1 (fr) * | 1995-12-14 | 1998-01-09 | Lorraine Laminage | Procede de galvanisation de tole d'acier contenant des elements d'addition oxydables |
| JP3894635B2 (ja) * | 1997-08-11 | 2007-03-22 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 浸炭部材とその製造方法並びに浸炭処理システム |
-
1997
- 1997-12-19 DE DE19758140A patent/DE19758140A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-12-15 CA CA002315797A patent/CA2315797A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-12-15 AT AT98966569T patent/ATE262048T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-15 WO PCT/DE1998/003764 patent/WO1999032683A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1998-12-15 JP JP2000525596A patent/JP2001527157A/ja active Pending
- 1998-12-15 DE DE59811020T patent/DE59811020D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-15 CN CNB988123126A patent/CN1189586C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-15 BR BR9814297-6A patent/BR9814297A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-15 KR KR1020007006680A patent/KR20010024760A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-12-15 EP EP98966569A patent/EP1042525B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-15 AU AU24103/99A patent/AU735907B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-12-15 US US09/581,888 patent/US6436556B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20010024760A (ko) | 2001-03-26 |
| EP1042525A1 (de) | 2000-10-11 |
| WO1999032683A1 (de) | 1999-07-01 |
| DE59811020D1 (de) | 2004-04-22 |
| BR9814297A (pt) | 2000-10-03 |
| AU2410399A (en) | 1999-07-12 |
| US6436556B1 (en) | 2002-08-20 |
| CN1282382A (zh) | 2001-01-31 |
| EP1042525B1 (de) | 2004-03-17 |
| DE19758140A1 (de) | 1999-07-08 |
| JP2001527157A (ja) | 2001-12-25 |
| CA2315797A1 (en) | 1999-07-01 |
| ATE262048T1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
| AU735907B2 (en) | 2001-07-19 |
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