CN1189046C - 远程光纤中继*** - Google Patents
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Abstract
为拓宽一个基站的服务范围,公开了一种带有光纤***的移动通信***。这种光纤移动通信***包括由主光纤中继器中的多个组合器处理的多个从光纤中继器。通过利用多个组合器,接收噪声水平大大降低并且每个主光纤中继器所能控制的从光纤中继器的数目也可以增加。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种移动通信***的光纤***,特别涉及远程移动通信***的光纤***。
背景技术
通常,移动通信***允许在移动通信站间的无线数据通信。如图1所示的移动通信***包括一个移动交换中心和一个基站,基站通过从移动站向移动交换中心发送数据或从移动交换中心由移动站接收数据而给多个移动站提供双向通信服务。基站向移动站有效提供服务的距离由基站和移动站间逐渐增大的传输损失决定。
由于移动通信***的需求增大,发展了光纤***以扩大基站的服务范围。参照图1,光纤***包括一个主光纤中继器,其通过光缆连着一个从光纤中继器。从光纤中继器接收来自移动站的数据并通过光缆将数据转发给基站。同样,从光纤中继器接收来自基站的数据并将其传输给移动站。这样,光纤***能有效减少在基站和移动站间的传输损失。
虽然光纤***一定程度上扩大了一个基站有效传输和接收射频(RF)信号的距离,但是,在象大山的深处、崎岖的山谷或地下洞穴这样的无人居住和偏远的地方,一个基站可以连接的光纤***的个数受到反向链路噪声限值的限制。象这些难以覆盖的地方通常称作盲区。为解决这些传输问题,在地面上建造了很多基站以覆盖盲区。但是,建造和维护基站的费用正成为一个大负担。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是解决所述技术的问题和不便。
具体地说,本发明的目的是提供一种能提供高质量远程通信服务的光纤***。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种光纤***,它能以最小的投资扩展移动通信***基站所能覆盖的范围。
本发明其它的优点、目的和特性一部分将在下面的描述中提出,另一部分对于那些在本技术领域内有基本技能的人通过考察下述说明将是显然的,或可由本发明的实施例而得知。根据所附的权利要求中将能实现本发明的目的和优点。
为达到这些目的并和本发明的目标相一致,在这里将充分描述光纤移动通信***的一个实施例,包括一个基站的多个从光纤中继器和主光纤中继器内的一个组合器,它将多个从光纤中继器来的信号进行组合。在光纤移动通信***的另一实施例中,主光纤中继器内的多个组合器将来自多个从光纤中继器的信号进行组合。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种光纤移动通信***,包括:多个从中继器,其每个从中继器接收RF信号并将接收的RF信号转换为光信号;主中继器,其将从每个从中继器接收的光信号转换为RF信号,并具有一第一主组合器,该第一主组合器将所转换的RF信号组合为组合RF信号;基站,其具有:用于接收RF信号的第一和第二基站天线、将来自第一基站天线的RF信号与来自第一主组合器的组合RF信号进行组合的第一基站组合器、对从第一基站组合器接收的组合RF信号进行放大和滤波的第一LNA/滤波器、将从第一LNA/滤波器接收的经过放大和滤波的RF信号转换为第一基带信号的第一下行转换器、对从第二基站天线接收的RF信号进行放大和滤波的第二LNA/滤波器、将从第二LNA/滤波器接收的经过放大和滤波的RF信号转换为第二基带信号的第二下行转换器、和对第一和第二基带信号进行组合的CDMA信道单元。
根据本发明的另一个方面,还提供了一种基站,包括:第一和第二基站天线,接收RF信号;第一基站组合器,将从第一基站天线接收的RF信号和从第一RF接口接收的RF信号进行组合;第一LNA/滤波器,对从第一基站组合器接收的组合RF信号进行放大和滤波;第一下行转换器,将从第一LNA/滤波器接收的经过放大和滤波的RF信号转换为第一基带信号;第二LNA/滤波器,对来自第二基站天线的RF信号进行放大和滤波;第二下行转换器,将从第二LNA/滤波器接收的经过放大和滤波的RF信号转换为第二基带信号;以及CDMA信道单元,对第一和第二基带信号进行组合。
根据本发明的另一个方面,还提供了一种通信方法,包括:从多个从中继器接收RF信号;在每个从中继器,将接收的RF信号转换为光信号;在主中继器,将从每个从中继器接收的光信号转换为RF信号;在主中继器中的第一主组合器,将经过转换的RF信号组合为组合RF信号;使用基站的第一和第二基站天线来接收RF信号;在基站中的第一基站组合器,将来自第一基站天线的RF信号和来自第一主组合器的组合RF信号进行组合;在第一基站中的第一LNA/滤波器,将从第一基站组合器接收的组合RF信号进行放大和滤波;在基站中的第一下行转换器,将从第一LNA/滤波器接收的经过放大和滤波的RF信号转换为第一基带信号;在基站中的第二LNA/滤波器,将来自第二基站天线的RF信号进行放大和滤波;在基站中的第二下行转换器,将从第二LNA/滤波器接收的经过放大和滤波的RF信号转换为第二基带信号;在基站中的CDMA信道单元,将第一和第二基带信号进行组合。
附图说明
将参照附图对本发明进行详尽的描述,图中相同的参考标号代表同样的元件。
图1是背景技术中光纤移动通信***的方框图。
图2是按照本发明的一个光纤移动通信***的实施例。
图3(a)和(b)是光纤移动通信***的网络图。
图4是按照本发明的光纤移动通信***的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
如图2所示,按照本发明的一个光纤移动通信***的实施例包括基站100,主光纤中继器200,和分布在基站周围的多个从光纤中继器300。每个从光纤中继器在一定区域范围内接收和发送射频(RF)信号。基站100有一个发射天线1和第一、第二两个接收天线2、3,这些天线都安装在基站塔4上。从光纤中继器也有一个发射天线5和一个接收天线6。
当移动站发射了一个RF信号,接收天线2、3和6RF接收信号。第一接收天线2直接将接收到的RF信号发送到基站组合器(basecombiner)31。第二接收天线3直接将接收到的RF信号发送到第一低噪声放大器(LNA)和滤波器32。接收天线6将在所分配的频率范围内接收到的RF信号发送到从光纤中继器300的一个从LNA/滤波器10。RF信号在空中传输过程中吸收了噪声,LNA10放大了RF信号和噪声。滤波器10接收到放大的RF信号,选出适合基站100的RF信号。滤波器10通常是一个带通滤波器。选出的信号通过一个射频/光(RF/Optic)转换器12转换成光信号,这样RF信号作为一个光信号通过光缆传输到主光纤中继器200。
主光纤中继器200有多个光/射频(optic/RF)转换器20,其数目对应于从光纤中继器300的数目,每个optic/RF转换器20通过一根光缆连向一个从光纤中继器300。同样,每个optic/RF转换器20接收来自从光纤中继器300的光信号,并将光信号转换成RF信号。组合器24接收optic/RF转换器20转换的RF信号,并把多个RF信号组合成一个RF信号。
基站100的基站组合器31组合来自第一接收天线2的RF信号和来自主光纤中继器200的组合器24的RF信号。组合后的信号送到第二LNA/滤波器33。第一LNA32直接接收来自第二接收天线3的RF信号,第一LNA32放大RF信号和接收天线3吸收的噪声,而第二LNA33放大接收天线2和6吸收的RF信号和噪声。滤波器32和33分别接收来自LNA32、33的放大的RF信号,并选出适合基站100的RF信号。来自第一和第二LNA/滤波器32、33的选出信号分别发送到下行转换器35、36。
第一和第二下行转换器35、36将接收到的RF信号转换成基带频率信号并将信号发送到CDMA信道38。CDMA信道38从基带信号中选出适当的数据,并将选出的数据送到移动交换中心(没有示出)。具体地说,选出的数据通过一个回程接口单元40发送到移动交换中心,一个定时器/控制单元39输出一个时间信号以同步控制信号和数据,从而指定一个传输数据的通信信道。定时器/控制单元39还控制基站100的其它元件。
另一方面,当一个RF信号从基站100发送到移动站,数据从移动交换中心通过回程接口单元40送到CDMA信道38。定时器/控制单元39输出一个时间信号和一个控制信号以指定一个通信信道,其中一个信道是用来接收来自移动交换中心的数据。CDMA信道38将接收到的数据组合在一个基带信号中,一个上行转换器37将基带信号转换成高频信号。一个大功率放大器(HPA)和滤波器34接收来自上行转换器37的高频信号。HPA34将信号放大到一个合适的电平以便于发射天线1有效发射,滤波器34滤去被放大信号不必要的成分。然后信号直接发送到发射天线1和通过发射耦合器30发送到主光纤中继器200。
主光纤中继器200的RF/Optic转换器23接收从基站100传来的RF信号,并把RF信号转换成光信号。这些光信号被分配器22分成许多光信号,每个光信号通过一根光缆传输给基站100周围的多个从光纤中继器300中的某一个。
从光纤中继器300接收光信号并通过optic/RF转换器13将这个信号转换成RF信号。这个RF信号被送到从HPA/滤波器11,它放大信号并滤出信号中合适的部分。这个合适的RF信号通过发射天线5发射出去。
所述的光纤移动通信***利用现有的基站能够在大型建筑物和地下建筑物内实现充分的通信。利用一个光纤移动通信***,原来由8个基站覆盖的区域,现在可只由4个基站就可覆盖。图3(a)是一个移动通信***的网络图,图3(b)是一个光纤移动通信***的网络图。如图所示,光纤移动通信***可以代替四个基站。然而,因为有N个从中继器连接在基站上以拓宽移动通信覆盖的范围,接收噪声也就增加了10log(N+1)dB。因为噪声水平的增大,为有效接收信号的从光纤中继器的数目就大大减少了,这样移动通信的一个基站所能覆盖的区域也就受到了限制。
按照本发明的光纤移动通信***的第二实施例在主光纤中继器内有多个组合器。和在第一实施例中一样,在第二实施例中的光纤移动通信***也有多个从光纤中继器。然而,这多个从光纤中继器被分开由多个组合器处理而不是由一个组合器来处理所有从光纤中继器的接收信号。
如图4所示,光纤移动通信***的第二实施例包括一个发射天线和两个接收天线;N个从光纤中继器110-113;一个主光纤中继器500和一个基站400。基站的信号以如第一实施例参照图2描述的相同方式发射。从光纤中继器的功能也和参照图2描述的一样,每个从光纤中继器通过一个LNA/滤波器和一个RF/Optic转换器处理接收天线接收的一个信号,并通过一个optic/RF转换器和一个HPA/滤波器在发射天线发射一个信号之前处理信号。然而,主光纤中继器500和基站400对来自从光纤中继器的信号的处理方式不一样。
主光纤中继器500有一个RF/Optic转换器140和分配器130以发射信号。对于信号接收,主光纤中继器500有N个optic/RF转换器120-123,其数目和从光纤中继器的数目相对应;以及第一、第二组合器150,151。N个从光纤中继器110-113被分成和主光纤中继器内组合器数目相同的个数,在本例中是两个。然后,前N/2个从光纤中继器110-111被分配给第一组合器150,另N/2个从光纤中继器112-113被分配到第二组合器151。虽然,在本实施例中将N个从光纤中继器只是简单地分成前一半和另一半,但是N个从光纤中继器可以根据***和设计者的需要按照任何方式分成和组合器数目相同的组数。
因此,N个optic/RF转换器120-123通过光缆接收来自N个从光纤中继器110-113的光缆信号并将信号转换成RF信号。第一组合器150接收来自optic/RF转换器122-123的前N/2个RF信号,optic/RF转换器122-123对应于分配给第一组合器的从光纤中继器110-111,组合器150将这N/2个RF信号组合成一个信号。第二组合器151通过与分配给第二组合器151的从光纤中继器112-113相对应的optic/RF转换器120-121接收余下的N/2个信号并将这N/2个信号组合成一个信号。
基站400有第一和第二基站组合器160,161接收来自第一和第二组合器的150,151的无线信号。特别指出,第一基站组合器160接收来自第一组合器150组合的N/2个从光纤中继器信号的组合信号。第一基站组合器160也直接接收来自第一基站接收天线的无线信号。第一基站组合器160将来自第一天线的无线信号和来自N/2个从光纤中继器的无线信号组合在一起。同样,第二基站组合器161接收来自第二组合器151组合的余下的N/2个从光纤中继器信号的组合信号并直接接收来自第二基站接收天线的无线信号。第二基站组合器161将来自第二天线的无线信号和来自余下的N/2个从光纤中继器的无线信号组合在一起。
第一和第二基站组合器160,161的组合信号被发送到第一和第二LNA/滤波器180,181以进行放大和带通滤波。然后,信号由第一和第二下行转换器200,201转换成低频信号并被发送到CDMA信道220以传输到移动交换中心。一个回程接口单元240和一个定时器/控制单元230连接CDMA信道220和移动交换中心之间信号的发送和接收。和第一实施例相类似,定时器/控制单元230控制基站400其它元件的定时。最后,基站400还包括一个上行转换器210,一个HPA/滤波器190,一个发射耦合器170以处理要发射的信号。
在RF信号接收时,组合过程导致了耦合损失。因此,在RF信号发射过程中,应控制增益量以和耦合损失的电平相一致。发射耦合器170也和主光纤中继器500相连接,发送到主光纤中继器500的信号电平大约是直接通过发射天线发射的信号的千分之一。
总之,多个从光纤中继器扩大了一个基站的移动通信所能覆盖的范围。此外,在主光纤中继器中可使用多个组合器而不降低移动信号发射的质量。更详细地说,通过利用两个组合器150和151,N个从光纤中继器的接收噪声水平可减少到10log(N/2)。这样,在每个基站周围可建造更多从光纤中继器以拓宽移动通信覆盖的范围,因此可不必建造许多造价昂贵的基站。
所述实施例仅仅是示范性的,不能认为它限制了本发明。本讲解很容易应用到其它类型的仪器中去。本发明的描述是说明性的,并不限制权利要求的范围。对于那些在本技术领域有经验的人来说,很多替代、修正和变型是显然的。
Claims (9)
1.一种光纤移动通信***,包括:
多个从中继器,其每个从中继器接收RF信号并将接收的RF信号转换为光信号;
主中继器,其将从每个从中继器接收的光信号转换为RF信号,并具有一第一主组合器,该第一主组合器将所转换的RF信号组合为组合RF信号;
基站,其具有:用于接收RF信号的第一和第二基站天线、将来自第一基站天线的RF信号与来自第一主组合器的组合RF信号进行组合的第一基站组合器、对从第一基站组合器接收的组合RF信号进行放大和滤波的第一LNA/滤波器、将从第一LNA/滤波器接收的经过放大和滤波的RF信号转换为第一基带信号的第一下行转换器、对从第二基站天线接收的RF信号进行放大和滤波的第二LNA/滤波器、将从第二LNA/滤波器接收的经过放大和滤波的RF信号转换为第二基带信号的第二下行转换器、和对第一和第二基带信号进行组合的CDMA信道单元。
2.如权利要求1的光纤移动通信***,其中:
主中继器进一步具有第二主组合器,并且主中继器中的经过转换的RF信号的一部分由第一主组合器进行组合,而其另一部分由第二主组合器进行组合;以及
基站进一步具有第二基站组合器,并且第一基站组合器将来自第一基站天线的RF信号和来自第一主组合器的组合RF信号进行组合,并且第二基站组合器将来自第二基站天线的RF信号和来自第二主组合器的组合RF信号进行组合,并且第二LNA/滤波器对从第二基站组合器接收的RF信号进行放大和滤波。
3.如权利要求1或2的光纤移动通信***,其中:
每个从中继器具有:用于接收RF信号的从接收天线、对接收的RF信号进行放大和滤波的从LNA/滤波器、和将经过放大和滤波的RF信号转换为光信号的RF/光转换器;以及
主中继器具有将从从中继器接收的光信号转换为RF信号的多个光/RF转换器,光/RF转换器的个数与从中继器的个数相对应。
4.如权利要求1或2的光纤移动通信***,进一步包括多根光缆,其中每根光缆将来自每个从中继器的光信号通信到主中继器。
5.一种基站,包括:
第一和第二基站天线,接收RF信号;
第一基站组合器,将从第一基站天线接收的RF信号和从第一RF接口接收的RF信号进行组合;
第一LNA/滤波器,对从第一基站组合器接收的组合RF信号进行放大和滤波;
第一下行转换器,将从第一LNA/滤波器接收的经过放大和滤波的RF信号转换为第一基带信号;
第二LNA/滤波器,对来自第二基站天线的RF信号进行放大和滤波;
第二下行转换器,将从第二LNA/滤波器接收的经过放大和滤波的RF信号转换为第二基带信号;以及
CDMA信道单元,对第一和第二基带信号进行组合。
6.如权利要求5的基站,还包括第二基站组合器,用于将来自第二基站天线的RF信号和从第二RF接口接收的RF信号进行组合;并且第二LNA/滤波器对从第二基站组合器接收的RF信号进行放大和滤波。
7.一种通信方法,包括:
从多个从中继器接收RF信号;
在每个从中继器,将接收的RF信号转换为光信号;
在主中继器,将从每个从中继器接收的光信号转换为RF信号;
在主中继器中的第一主组合器,将经过转换的RF信号组合为组合RF信号;
使用基站的第一和第二基站天线来接收RF信号;
在基站中的第一基站组合器,将来自第一基站天线的RF信号和来自第一主组合器的组合RF信号进行组合;
在第一基站中的第一LNA/滤波器,将从第一基站组合器接收的组合RF信号进行放大和滤波;
在基站中的第一下行转换器,将从第一LNA/滤波器接收的经过放大和滤波的RF信号转换为第一基带信号;
在基站中的第二LNA/滤波器,将来自第二基站天线的RF信号进行放大和滤波;
在基站中的第二下行转换器,将从第二LNA/滤波器接收的经过放大和滤波的RF信号转换为第二基带信号;
在基站中的CDMA信道单元,将第一和第二基带信号进行组合。
8.如权利要求7的通信方法,还包括:
在第一主组合器,将经过转换的RF信号的一部分组合为第一组合RF信号;
在主中继器中的第二主组合器,将经过转换的RF信号的另一部分组合为第二组合RF信号;
在第一基站组合器,将来自第一基站天线的RF信号和来自第一主组合器的第一组合RF信号进行组合;
在基站中的第二基站组合器,将来自第二基站天线的RF信号和来自第二主组合器的第二组合RF信号进行组合;以及
在第二LNA/滤波器,将从第二基站组合器接收的RF信号进行放大和滤波。
9.如权利要求7或8的通信方法,还包括:利用各自的光纤从每个从中继器到主中继器进行光信号通信。
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KR1019980002667A KR100257184B1 (ko) | 1998-01-31 | 1998-01-31 | 서비스범위 확장을 위한 광중계 시스템 |
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CN1228646A CN1228646A (zh) | 1999-09-15 |
CN1189046C true CN1189046C (zh) | 2005-02-09 |
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CNB981266037A Expired - Lifetime CN1189046C (zh) | 1998-01-31 | 1998-12-29 | 远程光纤中继*** |
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US (1) | US6496290B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3406527B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100257184B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1189046C (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2335814B (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1021921A1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2154908C1 (zh) |
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1998
- 1998-01-31 KR KR1019980002667A patent/KR100257184B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-16 RU RU98122842/09A patent/RU2154908C1/ru active
- 1998-12-17 US US09/213,405 patent/US6496290B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-18 JP JP36106598A patent/JP3406527B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-12-24 GB GB9828725A patent/GB2335814B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-12-29 CN CNB981266037A patent/CN1189046C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2000
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GB2335814A (en) | 1999-09-29 |
GB9828725D0 (en) | 1999-02-17 |
KR100257184B1 (ko) | 2000-05-15 |
JP3406527B2 (ja) | 2003-05-12 |
US6496290B1 (en) | 2002-12-17 |
RU2154908C1 (ru) | 2000-08-20 |
HK1021921A1 (en) | 2000-07-14 |
JPH11284639A (ja) | 1999-10-15 |
CN1228646A (zh) | 1999-09-15 |
KR19990066603A (ko) | 1999-08-16 |
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