CN118336380A - Dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The dual-frequency dual-polarization passive feed network disclosed by the invention has the advantages of wide frequency band, low profile, small volume and low loss. The method is realized by the following technical scheme: each layer of feed network consists of a left polarization feed network unit, a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit, a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network unit and a receiving frequency band right polarization feed network unit which are connected by adopting strip lines as signal transmission carriers, wherein the multi-stage Wilkinson power dividers are formed by each layer of feed network; input signals are input from a bottom input interface and are respectively transmitted to a transmitting frequency band left polarization feed network unit, a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit, a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network unit and a public port of the receiving frequency band right polarization feed network unit, the input energy of double-frequency dual polarization is equally divided into 1/2 N through 2 N Wilkinson power dividers, single-channel input signal power is divided into a plurality of channels to be output, and the signals are output through 2 N channels of output ports of the feed network through a vertical transition structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a double-frequency dual-polarization passive feed network for multipath microwave signal transmission.
Background
The feed network is used for transmitting and distributing microwave signals and has the functions of power distribution, power synthesis, signal coupling, filtering and the like. In the field of microwave antennas, a typical application of a feed network is to distribute and transmit microwave signals to an active phased array antenna and a passive antenna array, and the feed network transmits the microwave signals output by a transceiver to a port of a transceiver feeding component, or synthesizes the microwave signals received from the transceiver feeding component and transmits the synthesized signals to the transceiver for processing. However, the microstrip antenna has a relatively narrow bandwidth, typically only 0.7% -7% of the bandwidth, has conductor and dielectric losses, and excites surface waves, resulting in reduced radiation efficiency: the power capacity is smaller, and the performance is greatly influenced by the substrate material in the case of being generally used in medium and low power. Thus being limited in practical application. The microstrip antenna is formed by forming a metal patch of a certain shape on the other surface of a thin dielectric substrate by using a photoetching method and using a transmission line form such as a microstrip line, a coaxial probe, a strip line and the like to feed the patch. The fundamental reason for the narrow impedance band of the microstrip antenna is that it is a resonant antenna whose resonance characteristics correspond to a high Q parallel resonant circuit. The microstrip antenna generally adopts an electromagnetic coupling feed mode, adopts a multilayer dielectric substrate in structure, and places a feed network and an antenna patch on different dielectric substrates respectively, so that the standing-wave ratio characteristic of a broadband can be obtained. The bandwidth of the frequency band can be increased to more than 20%. But these properties are obtained at the cost of increasing the thickness of the antenna, which entails further complexity of the structure.
The feed network of a phased array antenna is typically simply the radio frequency transmission line between the antenna and the transmitter or receiver, and it occupies a particularly important location in the phased array antenna system, which feeds the transmitter signal to each antenna element on the array plane with a certain amplitude distribution and phase gradient. During reception, the signals received by the individual antenna elements must likewise be weighted according to certain amplitude and phase requirements and then fed to the receiver in addition. The feed network of phased array antennas is a transmission line system that connects a plurality of antenna elements on an array plane to a transmitter or a receiver, and the amplitude and phase weights required for the respective antenna elements are also implemented in the feed system. When the phased array antenna scans a wave beam, a transmitting signal source is fed to each antenna unit in the array through a power distribution network so as to enable transmitting signals of different array units to be coherently overlapped in the direction of a wave beam scanning angle to realize space power synthesis; or the signals received by the antenna units are added in phase through a power synthesis network so that the array received signals have maximum response in a specific direction. The beams required for the phased array antenna to form in space (e.g., multi-beam, sum-difference beam, etc.) are also accomplished by the feed network (also referred to as a beam forming network), and in many cases the complexity, cost, and weight of the phased array antenna are primarily dependent on the feed network. The feed network is usually composed of microwave elements such as a power divider, a coupler, a phase shifter, a filter and a matching circuit. As an important passive device in the feed network, the feed network is divided into 2 paths, 3 paths and multiple paths of power dividers according to the number of paths; according to the structure, the active microstrip power divider and the cavity power divider are: according to the circuit form, microstrip line type, strip line type and coaxial cavity power divider are provided: according to the energy distribution mode, there are equal power dividers and unequal power dividers. The coaxial cavity power divider has the advantages of maximum power tolerance, small insertion loss, large output standing wave ratio, no isolation measure at an output port, and difficulty in realizing integration and miniaturization of a system due to a large volume. Microstrip lines are the smallest power that can be sustained in these three power splitters and have a large insertion loss due to the semi-open structure. From the frequency characteristics of the power divider, it can be summarized that when the frequency ratio of the band edge frequency increases, the input standing wave ratio decreases and the isolation becomes worse. Currently, wilk inson power splitters are widely used. The conventional 3dB wilkinson power divider is composed of two transmission lines of quarter wavelength plus isolation resistors, so that to further widen the operating bandwidth, the number of impedance transformation lines of quarter wavelength and corresponding isolation resistors R can be increased in a multi-section manner. The two branches of the quarter-wavelength impedance transformer of the conventional Wilk inson power divider have strong coupling due to the short length, so that satisfactory results are difficult to obtain in a required frequency band.
The current feed network has a waveguide type feed network, a microstrip type feed network and a multilayer feed network in the structural form. The waveguide type feed network has more feed ports for the antenna radiation array of the antenna radiation array, the feed port interval is smaller, the volume and the weight are huge, and the waveguide type feed network structure is difficult to realize; the microstrip feed network is usually realized by a microstrip circuit, a feed cavity and a coaxial connector, and the microstrip feed network has small volume, light weight and flexible and various feed port structure forms, but requires a plurality of frequency bands and a plurality of polarizations for the phased array antenna, which not only limits the working bandwidth of the antenna, but also is difficult to reduce the volume of the antenna. In order to improve the port isolation of dual-polarized feed, a balanced feed mode is needed for the patch antenna, however, the feed mode needs to design a complex broadband 180-degree phase shifter in a feed network, and the difficulty and cost of practical application are increased. The feed network is complex and has limited bandwidth. The existing microstrip feed network has high structural complexity and is difficult to realize.
The multiple capabilities of dual-band dual-polarized antennas themselves present research and design difficulties. On the one hand, the antenna is required to have dual-band characteristics, and each frequency band in turn requires broadband operation: on the other hand, the antenna has dual-polarized radiation characteristics in each frequency band, and is required to have high isolation. The signals between the output ports are required to be mutually noninterfere, which requires a relatively large isolation between the branches. Therefore, the dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna has a low development speed although the frequency bandwidth and the performance are good. In particular, to a complex actual environment, electromagnetic wave characteristics in the specific environment often need to be obtained through numerical solution.
The feed network can be divided into: parallel feed, series-parallel feed. The parallel feed is to use a plurality of two-way, three-way and multi-way power dividers to distribute input power to each array unit. The series feed is through a change in the size of each antenna element to achieve the desired amplitude and phase profile. The impedance band of the parallel feed is wide, but there is a limit to the antenna size: the gain of the series feed is higher but the impedance band is narrower. The bandwidth in parallel feeding is mainly dependent on the impedance bandwidth, and a wide frequency band is easier to realize. However, this type of feeding has the disadvantage that the feeder lines required between the individual radiating elements are relatively long, and the feeding is effected
The network portion may generate greater losses, reducing the overall array efficiency. When the number of the units is large, a plurality of power dividers and a large number of feeder lines are needed, so that the area of the feeder line is large, interference among the feeder lines is brought, and the feeder line is not suitable for being applied to a large array. In recent years, with rapid development of wireless communication, dual polarized, broadband, miniaturized antennas have been increasingly favored. In order to meet the development of mobile communication, the waveguide flat array antenna with dual polarization, wide frequency band and low profile performance is realized and is used for a common passive microwave device for the design of a feed network; the key is whether there is dual polarized, broadband and low profile feed network. The traditional beam waveguide feed network only has a single-polarization unidirectional transmission function, and is difficult to meet the application development requirements. Especially in the dual-frequency dual-polarized microstrip antenna, the design result can not perfectly reach the design index, the antenna structure is complex, and finally the debugging has certain difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network overcomes the defects of the prior art, and has the advantages of wide frequency band, low profile, small volume, low integration loss and good bandwidth and dual-frequency characteristics. The problem that the design of the feed network of the multi-band embedded antenna is difficult is solved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network comprising: the strip line feed network circuit etched on the multi-layer laminated medium substrate is adopted, and the feed network of each layer is provided with a quasi-coaxial vertical transition structure 1 connected to the bottom layer input interface position through the top layer output interface position, and the strip line feed network circuit is characterized in that: each layer of feed network is provided with at least one power division circuit which is formed by a multi-stage Wilkinson power divider and is divided into sixty four power division circuits, and a transmitting frequency band left polarization feed network unit 2, a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit 3, a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network unit 4 and a receiving frequency band right polarization feed network unit 5 which are connected by adopting strip lines as signal transmission carriers; input signals are input from a bottom input interface and are respectively transmitted to a transmitting frequency band left polarization feed network unit 2, a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit 3, a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network 4 unit and a receiving frequency band right polarization feed network 5 unit through the vertical transition structure 1, input energy of double-frequency dual polarization is equally divided into 1/2 N through 2 N Wilkinson power dividers, single-channel input signal power is divided into a plurality of channels to be output, and the signals are output through the vertical transition structure 1 through 2 N output ports of the feed network.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention designs a compact low-loss feed network aiming at the requirements of high integration and low loss of a Ka frequency band phased array antenna feed line system. The multi-layer feed network formed by etching strip line feed network circuits on the multi-layer laminated dielectric substrate has small volume and low section, reduces the size of the feed network to a certain extent, reduces the whole size and reduces the cost. The feed network of each layer is provided with a coaxial-like vertical transition structure 1 connected to the bottom layer input interface position through the top layer output interface position, the frequency bandwidth of the multilayer feed network is wide, the feed mode is simple, the feed network is easy to connect with other planar circuits, the feed network has the characteristics of low profile, high isolation and low cross polarization, the interference among different frequency bands can be effectively reduced, the input loss of signals is effectively reduced, the transmission efficiency is improved, and the radio frequency system has higher integration level and more functions. And meanwhile, stable output of amplitude and phase is ensured. Compared with the traditional microstrip line, waveguide and other forms, the adopted multilayer strip line circuit reduces the overall structure size of the feed network, and is easier to realize for feeding the multi-band embedded antenna. The communication system has high integration.
The feed network can be divided into four layers, the input end is arranged at the lowest layer, energy is transmitted to the middle layer through the multi-stage wilkinson power divider and the layer penetrating structure, the same layer penetrating structure is used for transmitting energy to the top layer, and the energy is transmitted back to the middle layer through the layer penetrating structure. Each layer of feed network is adopted to form a power division circuit for dividing sixty four by a multi-level Wilkinson power divider, and a left polarization feed network unit 2, a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit 3, a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network unit 4 and a receiving frequency band right polarization feed network unit 5 which are connected by adopting strip lines as signal transmission carriers are adopted; through horizontal polarization transmitting/receiving and vertical polarization transmitting/receiving, the system has the functions of good power distribution, power synthesis, signal isolation, interference resistance, bandwidth, double-frequency characteristics and the like. All polarization information of electromagnetic waves can be received simultaneously, and the electromagnetic wave polarization multiplexing device has strong anti-interference capability, polarization multiplexing capability, polarization agility capability and the like. The formed dual-frequency dual-polarization passive feed network can effectively resist multipath fading by utilizing a polarization diversity technology, reduce interference, not only can adapt to continuous upgrading of a communication system, but also can effectively solve the multipath fading problem.
Based on the basic characteristics and the working principle of the Wilkinson power divider, the invention introduces equivalent circuit transformation into the traditional Wilkinson power divider, and designs the multistage Wilkinson power divider which meets the requirement of constant amplitude and phase input of each array element of the array antenna. Input signals are input from a bottom input interface and are respectively transmitted to a transmitting frequency band left polarization feed network unit 2, a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit 3, a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network 4 unit and a receiving frequency band right polarization feed network 5 unit through the vertical transition structure 1, input energy of double-frequency dual polarization is equally divided into 1/2 N through a 2 N -path Wilkinson power divider, and the input energy is output through the vertical transition structure 1 through 2 N -path output ports of the feed network. The simulation verifies that the strip line is adopted as a carrier for signal transmission, and the strip line has a simple feeding mode and is easy to connect with other plane circuits. Compared with the traditional microstrip line carrier, the transmission performance of radio frequency signals is improved, the transmission mode has small radio frequency leakage, large isolation between different ports, strong anti-interference capability and good electromagnetic compatibility.
According to the multistage Wilkinson power divider, a tree topology structure is adopted, the designed feed network structure has good matching characteristics, insertion loss is less than 3.1dB, and input to an output port has low loss. The problems that the quarter-wavelength impedance converters of the traditional Wilkinson power divider are relatively short in length and relatively strong in coupling and the carrying capacity of the microstrip line is insufficient when the power ratio is too large are solved in theory.
The feed network designed by the invention is not necessarily applied to a phased array, but also provides a thought for the design of a large-array phased array feed network. The feed network has low insertion loss and good port isolation, and can effectively improve the bandwidth and gain of the array antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network of the present invention; 1 a vertical transition structure, 2 a left polarization feed network unit, 3a band right polarization feed network unit.
FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of FIG. 1;
Fig. 3 is a top view of the feed network phase variation of fig. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the standing wave characteristic of the transmit feed network of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the insertion loss characteristics of the transmission feed network of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the transmit feed network port isolation characteristic of FIG. 1;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a phase characteristic of the transmit feed network of fig. 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a standing wave characteristic of the receiving feed network of FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the insertion loss characteristics of the receiving feed network of FIG. 1;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the receive feed network port isolation characteristic of FIG. 1;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a phase characteristic of the receiving feed network of fig. 1;
In the figure: 1a vertical transition structure, 2 a transmitting frequency band left polarization feed network unit, 3a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit, 4 a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network unit, 5 a receiving frequency band right polarization feed network unit.
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Description of the embodiments
See fig. 1 and 2. In a preferred embodiment described below, a dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network comprises: the method comprises the steps of adopting a plurality of layers of strip line feed network circuits etched on a laminated medium substrate, wherein each layer of feed network is provided with a quasi-coaxial vertical transition structure 1 connected to a bottom layer input interface position through a top layer output interface position, and the method comprises the following steps of: each layer of feed network is provided with at least one power division circuit which is formed by a plurality of grades of Wilkinson power dividers and is divided into sixty four power division circuits, and a left polarization feed network unit 2, a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit 3, a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network unit 4 and a receiving frequency band right polarization feed network unit 5 which are connected by adopting strip lines as signal transmission carriers; input signals are input from a bottom input interface and are respectively transmitted to a transmitting frequency band left polarization feed network unit 2, a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit 3, a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network 4 unit and a receiving frequency band right polarization feed network 5 unit through the vertical transition structure 1, input energy of double-frequency dual polarization is equally divided into 1/2 N through 2 N Wilkinson power dividers, single-channel input signal power is divided into a plurality of channels to be output, and the signals are output through the vertical transition structure 1 through 2 N output ports of the feed network.
The shape of the laminated dielectric substrates is the same and the laminated dielectric substrates are correspondingly placed up and down, and the inner core of the coaxial transmission line of the vertical transition structure 1 passes through the bottom plate together with the dielectric. The structure is from the lamination relation: the device comprises a transmitting frequency band left polarization feed network unit 2, a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit 3, a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network unit 4 and a receiving frequency band right polarization feed network unit 5 from top to bottom. In an alternative embodiment, the stacked dielectric substrates may be four layers, and the stacked dielectric substrates are four layers, and each layer of feed network has one input port connected to the signal input port connected to the interface position of the bottom layer through a similar coaxial vertical transition structure 1, and the output port of each layer is connected to the interface position of the top layer through a similar coaxial vertical transition structure.
There is one input port and a minimum of 64 output ports in each layer of the feed network, with every 16 output ports being 90 out of phase with the other 3 sets of 16 output ports that are rotated.
The input signals of dual-frequency dual polarization are respectively transmitted to the input ports of a strip line feed network formed by four layers of 2 N paths of Wilkinson power dividers through a vertical transition structure, the input energy is equally divided into 1/2 N through the 2 N paths of Wilkinson power dividers, and the input energy is output through the vertical transition structure through 2 N paths of output ports of the feed network.
The multi-stage wilkinson power divider can be a six-stage wilkinson power divider, the six-stage wilkinson power divider forms a one-to-sixty-four power dividing circuit, and the one-to-sixty-four power dividing circuit forms the transmitting frequency band left polarization feed network 2. The one-to-sixty-four power dividing circuit is provided with sixty-four output ports corresponding to the vertical transition structure 1, and the Wilkinson power dividers are cascaded to obtain a ka-band six-level Wilkinson power divider. Sixty-four output ports are grouped into sixteen output ports, with sixteen ports in each group being equal in phase. The four groups have 90 DEG phase difference, and the relative phase between each group is 0 DEG, -90 DEG, -180 DEG and-270 DEG in sequence, so that the circularly polarized antenna has better axial ratio performance.
The stage wilkinson power divider, the transmitting band left polarization feed network unit 2, the transmitting band right polarization feed network unit 3, the receiving band left polarization feed network unit 4 are arranged in a2 x2 group. When working in the transmitting state, the feeding network of the left polarization feeding network unit 2 of the radio frequency section and the right polarization feeding network unit 3 of the transmitting section are represented as a power distribution network; when operating in the receiving state, the feed networks of the receiving-band left-hand polarization feed network 4 unit and the receiving-band right-hand polarization feed network 5 unit are a power hybrid network.
The design method of the Wilkinson power divider is simple and easy to realize, and the output port can realize higher isolation. The Wilkinson power dividers are distributed in 2×2 groups and can be divided into four groups, the first group 21 is a power divider in the form of a Wilkinson power divider (Wilkinson), the output port of each Wilkinson power divider is isolated by a T-shaped sheep eye slit corresponding to an open circuit, meanwhile, the T-shaped sheep eye is also corresponding to a short circuit, and a transmission matrix corresponding to a three-port network is formed by cascading the Wilkinson power dividers. The phase difference introduced by a quarter wavelength line in the matrix corresponds to the frequency. The corresponding S parameters are that at the operating frequency point, perfect matching is achieved for each port, and the power is 3dB halved. The signal levels on the upper side and the lower side of the T-shaped sheep eye separation gap are equal, so that no signal flows, the two output port terminals are added in parallel at the input ends, the combined impedance of the two outputs of the input ports is Z 0/2, and the characteristic impedance of a quarter wavelength line is equal to 1.414 multiplied by Z 0, so that the input is matched when the two output ports are terminated at Z 0.
Fig. 4 shows the standing wave characteristics of a feed network with a transmission frequency band of 1min 64, the horizontal axis is frequency (GHz), the vertical axis is standing wave (VSWR), and the standing waves in the frequency range of 27-31GHz are all less than 1.2.
Fig. 5 shows the insertion loss characteristic of the feed network of the 1 st branch of the transmitting frequency band, the horizontal axis is frequency (GHz), the vertical axis is amplitude (dB), the maximum amplitude of the frequency range of 27-31GHz is-19.8 dB, i.e. the insertion loss from the input port to one of the output ports is 1.8dB. The S parameters S21 and S31 of the power divider are transmission parameters, reflect transmission loss, and S11, S22, and S33 are reflection coefficients of the input/output ports, respectively. S23 reflects the isolation between the two output ports.
Fig. 6 shows port isolation characteristics of a transmission band 1-division 64 feed network, the horizontal axis is frequency (GHz), and the vertical axis is amplitude (dB), and it can be seen that the isolation between output ports is less than-22 dB.
Fig. 7 shows the phase characteristics of a transmission band 1-division 64 feed network, the horizontal axis is frequency (GHz), and the vertical axis is phase (deg), and it can be seen that there is one input port and a minimum of 64 output ports in each layer of the feed network, where every 16 output ports and the other 3 groups of 16 output ports that rotate have a phase difference of 90 °. The measured isolation body is better than the simulation result, and the S 23 is smaller than-18 dB, and the other isolation bodies are smaller than-28 dB, so that better isolation is realized.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing standing wave characteristics of a receiving band 1-division 64-feed network, and a transverse mode analysis, which theoretically solves the problem of the length of a quarter-wavelength impedance converter of a conventional Wilkinson power divider
The shorter the degree, the stronger the coupling between each other will be. Finally, the physical object is processed, each axis of the power divider is frequency (GHz), the vertical axis is standing wave (VSWR), and the standing wave in the frequency range of 17-22GHZ is less than 1.2.
Fig. 9 shows the insertion loss characteristic of the feed network of the 1 st branch of the transmitting frequency band, the horizontal axis is frequency (GHz), the vertical axis is amplitude (dB), the maximum amplitude of the frequency range of 17-22GHz is-19.7 dB, that is, the insertion loss from the input port to one of the output ports is 1.7dB.
Fig. 10 shows port isolation characteristics of a transmission band 1-division 64 feed network, the horizontal axis is frequency (GHz), and the vertical axis is amplitude (dB), and it can be seen that the isolation between output ports is less than-20 dB.
Fig. 11 shows the phase characteristics of a transmission band 1-division 64 feed network, the horizontal axis is frequency (GHz), and the vertical axis is phase (deg), and it can be seen that there is one input port and a minimum of 64 output ports in each layer of the feed network, where every 16 output ports and the other 3 groups of 16 output ports that rotate have a phase difference of 90 °.
The present invention has been described and illustrated with particular reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, but it is not intended to be limited thereto since various modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and it is intended to include any structural or material modifications, equivalents, improvements and modifications, etc. which fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network comprising: the strip line feed network circuit etched on the multi-layer laminated medium substrate is adopted, and the feed network of each layer is provided with a quasi-coaxial vertical transition structure (1) connected to the bottom layer input interface position through the top layer output interface position, and the strip line feed network circuit is characterized in that: each layer of feed network is provided with at least one power division circuit which is formed by a multi-stage Wilkinson power divider and a left polarization feed network unit (2), a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit (3), a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network unit (4) and a receiving frequency band right polarization feed network unit (5) which are connected by adopting strip lines as signal transmission carriers; input signals are input from a bottom input interface and are respectively transmitted to a transmitting frequency band left polarization feed network unit (2), a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit (3), a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network (4) unit and a receiving frequency band right polarization feed network (5) unit through the vertical transition structure 1, the input energy of double-frequency dual polarization is equally divided into 1/2 N through 2 N Wilkinson power dividers, the power of a single input signal is divided into a plurality of paths of output signals, and the output signals are output through the vertical transition structure (1) through 2 N paths of output ports of the feed network.
2. The seed dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network of claim 1, wherein: the shape of the laminated dielectric substrates is the same and the laminated dielectric substrates are correspondingly placed up and down, and the inner core of the coaxial transmission line of the vertical transition structure (1) passes through the bottom plate together with the dielectric.
3. A dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: from the lamination relation, the structure is as follows: the device comprises a transmitting frequency band left polarization feed network unit (2), a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit (3), a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network unit (4) and a receiving frequency band right polarization feed network unit (5) from top to bottom.
4. The seed dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network of claim 1, wherein: the laminated dielectric substrates are four layers, the feed network of each layer is provided with an input port connected with the signal input port connected with the interface position of the bottom layer through a similar coaxial vertical transition structure (1), and the output port of each layer is connected with the interface position of the top layer through a similar coaxial vertical transition structure.
5. The seed dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network of claim 1, wherein: there is one input port and a minimum of 64 output ports in each layer of feed network, wherein every 16 output ports and the other 3 groups of 16 output ports rotated have a phase difference of 90 °; the input signals of dual-frequency dual polarization are respectively transmitted to the input ports of a strip line feed network formed by four layers of 2 N paths of Wilkinson power dividers through a vertical transition structure, the input energy is equally divided into 1/2 N through the 2 N paths of Wilkinson power dividers, and the input energy is output through the vertical transition structure through 2 N paths of output ports of the feed network.
6. The seed dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network of claim 1, wherein: the wilkinson power dividers are distributed in 2 x 2 groups and can be divided into four groups, the first group (21) is the power divider in the mode of the wilkinson power dividers, the output port of each wilkinson power divider is isolated by a T-shaped sheep eye ring slit which is equivalent to an open circuit, meanwhile, the T-shaped sheep eye ring is also equivalent to a short circuit, and a transmission matrix corresponding to a three-port network is formed through cascading of the wilkinson power dividers.
7. The seed dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network of claim 5, wherein: the phase difference introduced by the quarter wavelength line in the matrix corresponds to frequency, the power is equal to 3dB, the signal levels on the upper side and the lower side of the T-shaped sheep eye separation joint isolation are equal, two output port terminals are added in parallel at the input end, the combined impedance of two outputs of the input port is Z 0/2, and the characteristic impedance of the quarter wavelength line is equal to 1.414 multiplied by Z 0, so that the input is matched when the two output ports are terminated at Z 0.
8. The seed dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network of claim 6, wherein: the second group (22) comprises a transmitting frequency band left polarization feed network (2) and a right polarization feed network unit (5) of a one-to-sixty-four power division circuit formed by six-level Wilkinson power dividers, and the third group (23) of Wilkinson power dividers is the same as the six-level Wilkinson power dividers of the second group (22).
9. The seed dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network of claim 6, wherein: the four groups of units are connected through a vertical microstrip feeder line of a T-shaped sheep eye ring of a two-section line branched by the Wilkinson power divider and a horizontal branch arm microstrip feeder line connected with the T-shaped sheep eye ring on the vertical microstrip feeder line, and power distribution is carried out through a network.
10. The seed dual-frequency dual-polarized passive feed network of claim 8, wherein: the first group (21) of Wilkinson power dividers divides a path of signals into three paths of signals to be respectively transmitted to a transmitting frequency band left polarization feed network unit (2), a transmitting frequency band right polarization feed network unit (3), a receiving frequency band left polarization feed network unit (4) and a receiving frequency band right polarization feed network unit (5) by means of the vertical microstrip feed lines of T-shaped sheep eyes according to the principle of circuit linear addition, and the signals are distributed from one section to the next in series through the Wilkinson power dividers, so that broadband multiport distribution is realized.
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