CN115296028A - 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna on horizontal plane - Google Patents
360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna on horizontal plane Download PDFInfo
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- CN115296028A CN115296028A CN202210967853.7A CN202210967853A CN115296028A CN 115296028 A CN115296028 A CN 115296028A CN 202210967853 A CN202210967853 A CN 202210967853A CN 115296028 A CN115296028 A CN 115296028A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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Abstract
The invention discloses a horizontal plane 360-degree wave beam continuous scanning antenna, which comprises a tri-polarized radiator and a three-path phase shift feed network, wherein the tri-polarized radiator and the three-path phase shift feed network are mutually connected; the three-way phase-shift feed network is used for exciting the feed port of the triple-polarized radiator and controlling the feed phase of the three ports. It provides a neotype huygens radiation source structure of controlling mutually, only adopts phase control to realize the continuous scanning of wave beam in the horizontal plane and the arbitrary angle of wave beam directional, still considers miniaturized and low-cost advantage simultaneously, satisfies intelligent wireless communication system's application demand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna on a horizontal plane.
Background
An intelligent wireless communication system represented by 5G provides a high-speed, low-delay and large-capacity wireless communication service, and faces increasingly complex wireless channel environments and severe communication scenes, so that higher performance requirements are put forward on an antenna. Conventional fixed beam or fixed pattern antennas have difficulty in effectively establishing a stable communication link in a dynamically variable scenario and in a severe multipath environment, because they transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals only in a single invariant mode. The beam controllable antenna can dynamically control the radiation mode by adjusting the phase or switching the switch element, so that the beam of the antenna can carry out multi-beam scanning and dynamic alignment. The wave beam controllable antenna is used as a base station receiving and transmitting end, so that the problems of multipath effect and blocking can be effectively solved, meanwhile, the wave beam direction can be adaptively selected, and the radiation coverage can be accurately regulated and controlled. The 360-degree wave beam reconfigurable antenna in the horizontal plane is used as a classic wave beam controllable antenna, and can realize multi-wave beam reconfiguration and wave beam scanning coverage on the horizontal plane, so that the 360-degree wave beam reconfigurable antenna is particularly suitable for full-airspace coverage communication in a scene with limited space, such as an indoor environment, a large-scale venue, an airport scene and the like.
Currently, horizontal 360-degree beam reconfigurable antennas are roughly classified into four types: the antenna comprises an omnidirectional source reconfigurable antenna, a multi-port multi-beam antenna, a liquid metal omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna, an amplitude-phase control multi-mode antenna and the like, wherein the omnidirectional source reconfigurable antenna, the multi-port multi-beam antenna, the liquid metal omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna and the amplitude-phase control multi-mode antenna are loaded with a switch. The omnidirectional source reconfigurable antenna with the switch is loaded, and a parasitic structure with the switch is loaded around the omnidirectional radiation monopole antenna in the middle, so that the directional diagram of the monopole is reflected directionally. The scheme needs to use a large number of radio frequency switch elements and direct current control circuits thereof, so that the defects of complex structure, large loss (loss caused by switching), large beam switching stepping (low beam precision) and the like exist; a multi-port multi-beam antenna utilizes a plurality of ports to excite different radiation parts, thereby combining radiation areas of different ports to realize horizontal global coverage. Due to the adoption of a plurality of feed ports, the problems of poor beam switching flexibility, low beam scanning resolution and the like occur; the liquid metal omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna is characterized in that a liquid metal reflector similar to a yagi structure is constructed around the omnidirectional antenna to selectively and directionally reflect beam metal, so that beam scanning switching is realized. In order to control the liquid metal, a precise electromechanical servo system is required, so that the problems of high cost, low response speed and difficulty in integration exist; the amplitude and phase control multi-mode antenna controls the amplitude and phase of each mode of the multi-mode antenna, so that the radiation beam of the multi-mode antenna continuously scans along the horizontal plane. Although the scheme can realize high-precision continuous beam scanning, the problems of complexity of an amplitude and phase control system, large structural size and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna on a horizontal plane, well solves the problems, provides a novel phase-controlled huygens radiation source structure, realizes continuous scanning of beams on the horizontal plane and any angle pointing of the beams only by adopting phase control, simultaneously also has the advantages of miniaturization and low cost, and meets the application requirements of an intelligent wireless communication system.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the horizontal plane 360-degree wave beam continuous scanning antenna comprises a triple polarized radiator and a three-way phase-shifting feed network which are connected with each other, wherein the triple polarized radiator is used as a radiator of the antenna to realize the scanning switching of wave beams; the three-way phase-shift feed network is used for exciting the feed port of the triple-polarized radiator and controlling the feed phase of the three ports.
Further, the triple polarized radiator comprises a double-sided PCB dielectric substrate, an electromagnetic metamaterial structure, a dielectric resonator, a center feed probe, a center feed microstrip line, an I-shaped feed gap, a microstrip 90-degree bridge structure and a feed transmission line, wherein the dielectric resonator is fixed on the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate through a nylon screw, the electromagnetic metamaterial structure is loaded on the upper surface of the dielectric resonator, the center feed probe penetrates through the center position of the dielectric resonator, one end of the center feed probe is connected with the electromagnetic metamaterial structure, the other end of the center feed probe is connected with one end of the center feed microstrip line, the other end of the center feed microstrip line is a feed port a, two same-side output ends of the microstrip 90-degree bridge structure are coupled and connected with the orthogonal I-shaped feed gap, one end of the feed transmission line is connected with the microstrip 90-degree bridge structure, and the other end of the feed transmission line is provided with two output ends of a feed port B and a feed port C.
Furthermore, the central feed microstrip line is printed on the back of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate, the I-shaped feed slot is positioned below the dielectric resonator and etched on the upper surface of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate, and the feed transmission line is arranged on the back of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate.
Furthermore, the electromagnetic metamaterial structure is a periodic metal patch, and four nylon screws are uniformly distributed around the dielectric resonator.
Furthermore, the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate is a thin-layer copper-clad double-sided dielectric plate, a low-loss low-dielectric-constant dielectric plate, an I-shaped feed gap and two pairs of I-shaped gaps which are orthogonally arranged.
Further, the three-way phase shift feed network includes a one-to-three equal power division ratio wilkinson power divider and three microstrip reflection phase shifters, a single port on one side of the equal power division ratio wilkinson power divider is an input port, three output ports on the other side of the equal power division ratio wilkinson power divider are respectively connected with one ends of the three microstrip reflection phase shifters, and the other ends of the three microstrip reflection phase shifters are respectively a loading port a, a loading port B and a loading port C.
Furthermore, the equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider and the microstrip reflection phase shifter are printed on a double-sided dielectric substrate.
Furthermore, the microstrip phase shifter further comprises an isolation resistor and a variable capacitor, wherein the isolation resistor is welded on two sides of a quarter-wavelength conversion line of the equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider, and the variable capacitor is welded on a loading port of the microstrip reflection phase shifter.
Furthermore, the microstrip reflection phase shifter is a reflection-type topological phase shifter, the double-sided dielectric substrate is a low-loss low-dielectric-constant substrate, the isolation resistor is a common packaging resistor, and the variable capacitor is a varactor or a variable capacitor chip.
Further, the load port a is connected to the feed port a, the load port B is connected to the feed port B, and the load port C is connected to the feed port C.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the horizontal 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna adopts an electromagnetic metamaterial loading technology, and simultaneously introduces additional parallel right-hand capacitors and series left-hand capacitors, so that the antenna still obtains good radiation performance while the size is reduced; the medium resonator is adopted, the odd-mode feed and the even-mode feed are simultaneously introduced by utilizing the center feed probe and the I-type feed gap, the tri-polarization radiation mode of the medium resonator is excited and integrated in the medium resonator, and the high-efficiency radiation caliber is realized; in the invention, the equivalent electric dipole and magnetic dipole mode of the huygens source is constructed by exciting the odd-even mode of the dielectric resonator, thereby efficiently realizing the shaping and directional control of a directional diagram and having the advantage of high efficiency; according to the invention, based on a linear polarization decomposition principle, a phase-adjustable double circularly polarized radiation form is constructed, so that a linear polarization component with a reconfigurable arbitrary polarization angle is realized in a dielectric resonator, and the method has the characteristic of simple control; the invention introduces a linear polarization component with a reconfigurable polarization angle into a huygens antenna, provides a novel phased huygens radiation source, realizes the directional radiation of beams and 360-degree continuous scanning of a horizontal plane by regulating and controlling the phase, and improves the traditional step-by-step low-precision switching into continuous high-precision scanning; in the invention, the three-way phase-shift feed network is only adopted to feed the three-polarization radiator to realize continuous beam scanning, thus having the advantages of low cost and simplified structure and being suitable for large-scale practical application; the phase-control Huygens radiation source principle provided by the invention can be expanded to patch antennas, dipole antennas and substrate integrated waveguide antennas to realize continuous high-precision scanning of similar 360-degree beams, and has the advantage of flexible design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a tri-polar radiator of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a plan view of the triple polarized radiator of the present invention, (a) is a plan view with the dielectric resonator, (b) is a plan view with the dielectric resonator removed;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the impedance bandwidth of a tri-polar radiator of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of radiation performance for three different ports of the present invention, wherein (a) the vertical polarization mode, (b) the right-hand polarization mode, and (c) the left-hand polarization mode;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a three-way phase shift feed network according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of impedance bandwidth of a three-way phase-shifted feed network according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the phase shifting performance of the three-way phase shift feed network of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a 360 degree beam continuous scanning antenna in a horizontal plane according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a diagram of the electric field distribution corresponding to different scanning states of the horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna in the present invention, in which (a) the beam is directed to Phi =225 °, (b) the beam is directed to Phi =180 °, (c) the beam is directed to Phi =135 °, (d) the beam is directed to Phi =90 °, (e) the beam is directed to Phi =45 °, (f) the beam is directed to Phi =0 °, (g) the beam is directed to Phi =315 °, (h) the beam is directed to Phi =270 °;
fig. 10 is a radiation pattern corresponding to different scanning states of the horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna in the present invention, in which (a) the beam is directed to Phi =225 °, (b) the beam is directed to Phi =180 °, (c) the beam is directed to Phi =135 °, (d) the beam is directed to Phi =90 °, (e) the beam is directed to Phi =45 °, (f) the beam is directed to Phi =0 °, (g) the beam is directed to Phi =315 °, (h) the beam is directed to Phi =270 °.
In the figure: 1. a triple polarized radiator; 2. an electromagnetic metamaterial structure; 3. a dielectric resonator; 4. a center feed probe; 5. a center feed microstrip line; 6. an I-type feed slot; 7. a microstrip 90 ° bridge structure; 8. a feed transmission line; 9. a double-sided PCB dielectric substrate; 10. nylon screws; 11. three paths of phase shift feed networks; 12. a Wilkinson power divider; 13. a microstrip reflective phase shifter; 14. a double-sided dielectric substrate; 15. an isolation resistor; 16. a variable capacitance; 17. a feed port A; 18. a feed port B; 19. a feed port C; 20. loading port A; 21. loading port B; 22. loading port C; 23. and (6) inputting the port.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention conventionally use, which are merely for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1-10, the present invention discloses a horizontal 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna, which comprises a tri-polarized radiator 1 and a three-way phase shift feed network 11, which are connected with each other, wherein the tri-polarized radiator 1 is used as a radiator of the antenna to realize scanning switching of beams; the three-way phase shift feed network 11 is used for exciting the feed port of the triple polarized radiator 1 and controlling the feed phase of the triple port.
The detailed structure of the triple polarized radiator 1 is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and comprises an electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2, a dielectric resonator 3, a central feed probe 4, a central feed microstrip line 5, an I-shaped feed slot 6, a microstrip 90-degree bridge structure 7, a feed transmission line 8, a double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9, and a nylon screw 10.
The three-polarization radiator 1 consists of an electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2 and a dielectric resonator 3, wherein the electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2 is a periodic metal patch and is loaded on the upper surface of the dielectric resonator 3; the dielectric resonator 3 is made of a dielectric material with a high dielectric constant, penetrates through the dielectric material by a nylon screw 10 and is fixed on the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9; the central feed probe 4 penetrates through the dielectric resonator 3, one end of the central feed probe is connected with the electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2, and the other end of the central feed probe is connected with the central feed microstrip line 5; the central feed microstrip line 5 is printed on the back of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9, one end of the central feed microstrip line is connected with the central feed probe 4, and the other end of the central feed microstrip line is used as a feed port A17; the I-shaped feed gap 6 is etched on the upper surface of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9 and is arranged below the dielectric resonator 3; the microstrip 90-degree bridge structure 7 is printed on the back surface of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9, and two output ends on the same side are coupled and connected with the orthogonal I-shaped feed gap 6; the feed transmission line 8 is arranged on the back of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9 and connected with the microstrip 90-degree bridge structure 7, and two output ends of the feed transmission line are respectively used as a feed port B18 and a feed port C19; the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9 is a thin-layer copper-clad double-sided dielectric substrate, is arranged below the dielectric resonator 3 and is fixedly fastened with the dielectric resonator 3 through a nylon screw 10; the nylon screws 10 are metric nylon screws 10 and are arranged around the triple polarized radiator 1.
Triple polarized radiator 1 loaded with electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2, as shown in figures 1 and 2, with triple polarization on the antennaThe radiator 1 is composed of an electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2 and a dielectric resonator 3, is a multi-mode antenna radiator and realizes triple-polarized radiation, namely vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization; the electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2 is composed of periodic metal patches which are loaded, so that a parallel right-hand capacitor is increased, the size of an antenna is reduced, and meanwhile, a series left-hand slot capacitor is introduced, so that the distribution of a surface electric field is more uniform, the radiation aperture is improved, and good radiation performance is realized; a dielectric resonator 3 composed of a high dielectric constant dielectric material and serving as an energy radiator compact in size; a center feed probe 4 composed of a metal probe in the middle of the dielectric resonator 3 for exciting the distribution of the even mode electric field in the vertical direction as the TM of the dielectric resonator 3 01δ Mode, i.e., equivalent huygens source-electric dipole mode; a central feeding microstrip line 5, which is a feeding connection line, for connecting a feeding signal into the central feeding probe 4; i-type feed slot 6, which is two pairs of orthogonally disposed I-type slots, is used as an odd-mode excitation source introduced in the horizontal direction to excite TE of two orthogonal dielectric resonators 3 111 Modes, i.e., orthogonal dual polarization modes; the microstrip 90-degree bridge structure 7 is a 90-degree microstrip bridge structure and is used for exciting two pairs of orthogonal I-shaped feed gaps 6, and double circular polarization radiation components are realized by utilizing the positive and negative 90-degree phase difference of the bridge; the feed transmission line 8 is used for feeding and exciting the microstrip 90-degree bridge, and the left-hand circularly polarized component and the right-hand circularly polarized component are subjected to vector synthesis by regulating and controlling the phase difference between a feed port B18 and a feed port C19 of the feed transmission line 8, so that a linearly polarized wave with a polarization angle variable along with the feed phase difference is realized. Meanwhile, the new linearly polarized wave with reconfigurable polarization can be equivalent to a small loop antenna, namely a new Huygens source-magnetic dipole mode; the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9 is a low-loss low-dielectric-constant dielectric plate, is used as a reference floor of the antenna, and is also used as a carrier of a microstrip feed network; the nylon screw 10, which is a common nylon insulated screw, is used for fixing the antenna. By combining the equivalent electric dipole component and the magnetic dipole component of the huygens source, the radiation pattern of the antenna can be shaped to form an end-fire pattern with a specific orientation. Further, fix it thereinThe polarized magnetic dipole is replaced by a linearly polarized component with reconfigurable polarization, and the radiation beam can continuously scan 360 degrees in the horizontal plane and dynamically switch the coverage of the beam by changing the feed phase.
As shown in fig. 5, a three-way phase-shift feeding network 11 is a three-way phase-shift continuously adjustable feeding network. The power divider comprises a Wilkinson power divider 12 with an equal power dividing ratio of dividing three parts into three parts on a network, a microstrip reflection phase shifter 13, a double-sided dielectric substrate 14, an isolation resistor 15 and a variable capacitor 16.
The three-way phase-shift feed network 11 is composed of a one-to-three equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider 121 and a micro-strip reflection phase shifter 132, wherein the one-to-three equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider 121 is printed on a double-sided dielectric substrate 143, a single port on one side is used as an input port 23, and three output ports on the other side are respectively connected with the three micro-strip reflection phase shifters 13; the microstrip reflection phase shifter 13 is printed on the double-sided dielectric substrate 14, one end of the microstrip reflection phase shifter is connected with the equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider 12, the other end of the microstrip reflection phase shifter is used as an output port, and three output ports of the microstrip reflection phase shifter 13 are respectively a loading port A20, a loading port and a loading port C22; a double-sided dielectric substrate 14 serving as a carrier of the phase shift network and arranged below the Wilkinson power divider 12 and the microstrip reflection phase shifter 13; the isolation resistors 15 are welded on two sides of a quarter-wavelength conversion line of the Wilkinson power divider 12; and the variable capacitor 16 is welded on the loading port of the microstrip reflection phase shifter 13.
The three-way phase-shift continuously adjustable feed network is shown in fig. 5, and comprises a wilkinson power divider 12 with an equal power division ratio of one to three and a microstrip reflection phase shifter 13. The Wilkinson power divider 12 with the equal power dividing ratio of one to three is formed by cascading three power dividers of one to two and is used for trisecting feed-in signals; the microstrip reflection phase shifter 13 is a reflection type topological phase shifter, is used for providing 360-degree full-image-limit phase shift, and independently adjusts the phase shift of three output branches; a double-sided dielectric substrate 14, which is a low-loss low-dielectric-constant substrate and is used as a printing carrier of a feed network; the isolation resistor 15 is a common packaging resistor and is used for absorbing reflected waves and improving the isolation between ports of the feed network; the variable capacitor 16 is a varactor or a variable capacitor 16 chip, and is used for electrically tuning a series capacitance value and controlling the phase response of the phase shifter. And the three-way phase-shift continuously adjustable network is used for exciting the three-polarization radiator 1 and realizing the continuous scanning of horizontal plane beams.
Fig. 8 shows a 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna in a horizontal plane, which specifically includes a triple-polarized radiator 1 and a three-way phase-shift feeding network 11. The load port a20 is connected to the feed port a17, the load port B21 is connected to the feed port B18, and the load port C22 is connected to the feed port C19.
The 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna in the horizontal plane is composed of a tri-polarized radiator 1 and a three-way phase-shift feed network 11. The three-polarization radiator 1 is used as a radiator of an antenna to realize scanning switching of wave beams; and the three-way phase-shift feed network 11 is used for exciting the feed ports of the three-polarization radiator 1 and controlling the feed phases of the three ports at the same time. Through the phase control of the three feed ports, the horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna not only realizes the reconstruction of any linear polarization, but also realizes the high-precision beam scanning of the whole area of the horizontal plane and the switching alignment of beams in any direction.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a novel phase-control Huygens radiation source structure based on a Huygens radiation principle, an arbitrary linear polarization synthesis technology and a continuously adjustable phase-shifting network design, and provides an embodiment of a horizontal 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, based on the huygens radiation principle and any linear polarization synthesis technology, a novel dielectric resonator 3 structure loaded with electromagnetic metamaterial is provided, and is used as a triple-polarized radiator 1 to realize continuous scanning of horizontal plane beams. The phase-controlled huygens radiation structure consists of a triple polarized radiator 1 and a three-way phase-shift feed network 11, and is integrated with a vertical polarization mode, a left-handed circular polarization mode and a right-handed circular polarization mode. The triple-polarized radiator 1 consists of an electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2 and a dielectric resonator 3, is arranged on a double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9, namely the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9 is used as a reference floor of an antenna and is used as a radiator of the antenna. Electromagnetic metamaterial structures 2 with periodicity of the topsThe metal patch structure is used for introducing parallel capacitive loading to reduce the size of the dielectric resonator 3 on one hand, and introducing a series gap capacitor structure to realize more uniform surface electric field distribution (namely, radiation caliber improvement) on the other hand; a dielectric resonator 3 for serving as a radiation carrier of three polarization modes; a center feed probe 4 and a center feed microstrip line 5 feed port A17 for TM of the dielectric resonator 3 01δ Mode excitation, namely, symmetrical feed signals are introduced into the middle of the dielectric resonator 3 through the central feed probe 4, so that even-mode electric field distribution similar to a monopole is excited in the dielectric resonator 3, the structure of a vertical polarization omnidirectional radiation mode is realized, and the mode is used as an equivalent electric dipole mode (current source) in a Wheatstone radiation source; i-type feed slot 6 for exciting TE of dielectric resonator 3 111 The mode is that horizontally polarized side-emitting radiation is realized, and two groups of I-shaped feed gaps 6 which are symmetrically and orthogonally arranged on the floor are used for exciting orthogonal dual-polarized components; the microstrip 90-degree bridge structure 7 on the back of the floor is used for simultaneously feeding and exciting two groups of orthogonal I-shaped feeding gaps 6 to realize dual circularly polarized mode radiation, when a feeding port B18 is excited, a 90-degree phase difference of an advance is introduced for two orthogonal dual polarized components to realize right-hand circularly polarized radiation, and when a feeding port C19 is excited, a 90-degree phase difference of a lag is introduced for the two dual polarized components to switch to left-hand circularly polarized radiation. Three different polarization modes (vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization) are respectively excited by arranging three different feed ports in a pairwise orthogonal mode and are integrated on the dielectric resonator 3 loaded with the electromagnetic metamaterial, so that the triple-polarized radiator 1 is formed. A linearly polarized radiation wave can be decomposed into two equal-amplitude left-hand circularly polarized waves and right-hand circularly polarized waves in a vector mode. Based on the linear polarization decomposition principle, the phase control is carried out on the left-hand circular polarization component and the right-hand circular polarization component, and linear polarization waves at any angle can be vector-synthesized. Further, by adjusting the feeding phase difference between the feeding port B18 (left-hand circular polarization) and the feeding port C19 (right-hand circular polarization), a linear polarization mode with a controllable polarization angle is synthesized. Two orthogonal TEs due to linear polarization mode by the dielectric resonator 3 111 Pattern synthesisMeanwhile, a circular electric field distribution is excited inside the dielectric resonator 3, and a side radiation pattern similar to a small loop antenna is radiated, so that a linear polarization mode with a controllable polarization angle is equivalent to a magnetic dipole mode (magnetic current source) of a huygens source. By combining the electric dipole mode of the vertical polarization omnidirectional radiation and the magnetic dipole mode of the side emission, the electric field at one side of the three-polarization radiator 1 is offset due to the fact that the current source and the magnetic current source are opposite in phase (180 degrees), and the opposite side is overlapped and enhanced due to the fact that the current source and the magnetic current source are the same in phase (0 degree), so that unbalanced directional field distribution is formed, and an end emission directional diagram is realized. Because the polarization direction of the equivalent magnetic dipole mode can be adjusted at will, the triple polarized radiator 1 can realize unbalanced field distribution at any angle, namely the main lobe direction of the end-fire directional diagram can be adjusted at will. By controlling the feeding phases of the three feeding ports of the three-polarized radiator 1, the radiator can realize 360-degree continuous high-precision beam scanning and beam switching coverage on a horizontal plane. The feed transmission line 8 is used for exciting the I-type coupling feed gap and realizing signal feed-in of the tri-polarized radiator 1; the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9 is used as a reference floor of the antenna and a printing carrier of a feed microstrip line; and the nylon Long Luoding is used for fixing the electromagnetic metamaterial, the dielectric resonator 3 and the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9. Fig. 3 shows the impedance bandwidth performance corresponding to the triple polarized radiator 1 loaded with the electromagnetic metamaterial, the-10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 3.50-3.70GHz, the antenna covers the sub-6GHz mainstream frequency band, and the working frequency band requirements of the 4G/5G communication and intelligent wireless communication systems are met. Fig. 4 is a radiation pattern corresponding to three ports of the triple polarized radiator 1 loaded with the electromagnetic metamaterial. Feed port a17 corresponds to the vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation pattern and feed ports B18 and C19 correspond to the side radiation patterns in left-hand and right-hand circular polarizations, respectively. By controlling the feeding phases of the three ports, the antenna can realize 360-degree continuous beam scanning and beam pointing at any angle on a horizontal plane.
Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a three-way phase shift continuously adjustable feed network, and provides a three-way equal power division phase shift continuously adjustable network based on the wilkinson power divider 12 and the principle of a reflective phase shifter. The three-way phase shift continuously adjustable network consists of a Wilkinson power divider 12 with one-to-three equal power dividing ratio and three microstrip reflection phase shifters 13. The Wilkinson power divider 12 with the one-to-three equal power division ratio is formed by cascading three one-to-two power dividers and is used for realizing three-path signal power division with high isolation; the microstrip reflection phase shifter 13 is used for adjusting the phase of each branch, and three paths of phase-adjustable outputs are realized; a double-sided dielectric substrate 14 used as a carrier of the phase shifting network and a reference floor; the isolation resistor 15 is used as the isolation resistor 15 of the power divider, and improves the isolation between the output branches of the power divider; the variable capacitor 16 is used as a response phase of the electrically tunable reflective phase shifter. Fig. 6 and 7 are graphs of impedance bandwidth and phase response of a three-way equal power division ratio phase-shift feed network, respectively. The reflection coefficient of each port of the phase-shifting network is lower than-15 dB, the impedance bandwidth is 3.15-4.0GHz, the impedance bandwidth with the port transmission coefficient better than-8.0 dB is 3.0-4.0GHz, and the phase-shifting network completely covers mainstream sub 6GHz frequency bands such as 5G-N78/LTE-B42/B43 and the like. In addition, the phase of each branch in the band is 0-360 degrees and can be adjusted continuously, so that the three-path phase-adjustable feed network can be suitable for a three-polarization antenna to continuously scan beams of 360 degrees.
By connecting the three polarized radiators 1 in fig. 1 and the three phase shifted continuously tunable feed networks in fig. 5 in sequence, and performing feeding and phase control, a phased huygens radiation source, i.e., a 360-degree beam continuously scanning antenna in the horizontal plane, is realized, as shown in fig. 8. The 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna in the horizontal plane is composed of a tri-polarized radiator 1 and a three-way phase-shift feed network 11. A triple-polarized radiator 1, which is a triple-polarized radiation structure loaded with electromagnetic metamaterial in fig. 1 and 2, and is used as a radiation carrier of an antenna for radiating a reconfigurable beam synthesized by multiple modes; the three-way phase-shift feeding network 11 is a three-way phase continuously adjustable feeding network in fig. 5, and is configured to excite the three ports of the triple polarized radiator and adjust and control the feeding phase thereof. Fig. 9 and 10 are electric field distribution and directional diagram of the horizontal plane beam continuous scanning antenna corresponding to different radiation modes, respectively. By changing the feeding phase, differently directed unbalanced electric field distributions and end-fire patterns are synthesized. And then the feed phases of the three ports are continuously regulated and controlled, and the antenna realizes 360-degree continuous high-precision beam scanning and switching coverage. It should be noted that fig. 8 and 9 only show the electric field distribution diagram and the radiation pattern corresponding to 45 degrees of switching step for clearly showing the beam scanning performance. In fact, the scanning accuracy of the beam of the proposed embodiment depends on the stepping of the phase shifters. The proposed embodiment can achieve continuous beam scanning in infinitesimal steps, i.e. high accuracy, due to the analog phase shifters employed by the embodiment.
The invention provides a novel phase-controlled huygens radiation source structure and provides an embodiment of a 360-degree wave beam continuous scanning antenna in a horizontal plane based on a phase-controlled huygens radiation source, aiming at solving the problem that the existing 360-degree wave beam reconfigurable antenna in the horizontal plane is difficult to realize high-precision wave beam continuous scanning. The high-precision continuous scanning of horizontal beams and the beam pointing at any angle are realized, and the problems that the traditional beam reconfigurable antenna is difficult to realize the continuous scanning of the beams, the beam switching step is large (the beam scanning resolution is low) and the like are solved; the antenna of the invention realizes miniaturization, and solves the problems of large size and high section of the traditional wave beam reconfigurable antenna; the antenna of the invention only adopts three paths of phase shifter networks to realize continuous scanning of wave beams, thus solving the defects of complex control structure and difficult integration existing in the traditional scheme; the antenna has a simple radiation structure and a simple control structure, effectively reduces the cost (namely, has low cost), and solves the problem that the traditional scheme is difficult to be applied in a large scale due to complex structure and high cost. In addition, the proposed phased huygens radiation source structure and the embodiment thereof can adjust and expand the antenna form according to different wireless communication scene requirements, namely, high design freedom.
The invention provides a novel phase-control huygens radiation source structure based on a huygens radiation principle, an arbitrary linear polarization synthesis technology and a continuously adjustable phase-shifting network design, wherein a dielectric resonator 3 loaded by an electromagnetic metamaterial is used as a tri-polarized radiator 1, and the novel phase-control huygens radiation source structure is used in a horizontal 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna, has the advantages of compact size, low cost, high beam precision scanning coverage (high beam scanning resolution), flexible design and the like, and can be suitable for intelligent wireless communication application.
The present invention is capable of other embodiments, and various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A360 degrees wave beam continuous scanning antenna in horizontal plane, characterized by: the three-polarization antenna comprises a three-polarization radiator (1) and a three-way phase-shift feed network (11) which are mutually connected, wherein the three-polarization radiator (1) is used as a radiator of an antenna to realize the scanning switching of beams; the three-way phase-shift feed network (11) is used for exciting the feed port of the three-polarization radiator (1) and controlling the feed phase of the three ports.
2. The 360 degree beam continuous scan antenna in horizontal plane of claim 1, wherein: the three-polarization radiator (1) comprises a double-sided PCB (printed circuit board) dielectric substrate (9), an electromagnetic metamaterial structure (2), a dielectric resonator (3), a center feed probe (4), a center feed microstrip line (5), an I-shaped feed gap (6), a microstrip 90-degree bridge structure (7) and a feed transmission line (8), wherein the dielectric resonator (3) is fixed on the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate (9) through a nylon screw (10), the electromagnetic metamaterial structure (2) is loaded on the upper surface of the dielectric resonator (3), the center feed probe (4) is arranged at the center position of the dielectric resonator (3) in a penetrating mode, one end of the center feed probe (4) is connected with the electromagnetic metamaterial structure (2), the other end of the center feed probe (4) is connected with one end of the center feed microstrip line (5), the other end of the center feed probe (5) is a feed port A (17), two same-side output ends of the microstrip 90-degree bridge structure (7) are in coupling connection with the orthogonal I-shaped feed gap (6), one end of the feed transmission line (8) is connected with the 90-degree bridge structure (7), and the other end of the feed transmission line (8) is provided with two feed ports (18) and C.
3. The 360 degree beam continuous scan antenna in horizontal plane of claim 2, wherein: the central feed microstrip line (5) is printed on the back of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate (9), the I-shaped feed gap (6) is positioned below the dielectric resonator (3) and etched on the upper surface of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate (9), and the feed transmission line (8) is arranged on the back of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate (9).
4. The 360 degree beam continuous scan antenna in horizontal plane of claim 2, wherein: the electromagnetic metamaterial structure (2) is a periodic metal patch, and the number of the nylon screws (10) is four, and the four nylon screws are uniformly distributed around the dielectric resonator (3).
5. The 360 degree beam continuous scan antenna in horizontal plane of claim 2, wherein: the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate (9) is a thin-layer copper-clad double-sided dielectric plate which is a low-loss low-dielectric-constant dielectric plate, and the I-shaped feed gaps (6) are two pairs of I-shaped gaps which are orthogonally arranged.
6. The 360 degree beam continuous scan antenna in horizontal plane of claim 2, wherein: the three-way phase-shift feed network (11) comprises a one-to-three equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider (12) and three micro-strip reflection phase shifters (13), wherein a single port on one side of the equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider (12) is an input port (23), three output ports on the other side of the equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider (12) are respectively connected with one ends of the three micro-strip reflection phase shifters (13), and the other ends of the three micro-strip reflection phase shifters (13) are respectively a loading port A (20), a loading port B (21) and a loading port C (22).
7. The 360 degree beam continuous scan antenna in horizontal plane of claim 6, wherein: the equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider (12) and the microstrip reflection phase shifter (13) are both printed on a double-sided dielectric substrate (14).
8. The 360 degree beam continuous scan antenna in horizontal plane of claim 6, wherein: the power divider further comprises an isolation resistor (15) and a variable capacitor (16), wherein the isolation resistor (15) is welded on two sides of a quarter-wavelength conversion line of the equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider (12), and the variable capacitor (16) is welded on a loading port of the microstrip reflection phase shifter (13).
9. The 360 degree beam continuous scan antenna in horizontal plane of claim 6, wherein: the microstrip reflection phase shifter (13) is a reflection type topological phase shifter, the double-sided dielectric substrate (14) is a low-loss low-dielectric-constant substrate, the isolation resistor (15) is a common packaging resistor, and the variable capacitor (16) is a varactor or a variable capacitor (16) chip.
10. The 360 degree beam continuous scan antenna in horizontal plane of claim 6, wherein: the load port A (20) is connected with the feed port A (17), the load port B (21) is connected with the feed port B (18), and the load port C (22) is connected with the feed port C (19).
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| CN117954845A (en) * | 2024-03-26 | 2024-04-30 | 成都核心智慧科技有限公司 | Mixed-form multi-beam antenna |
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