CN118242170A - Piston engine, generator set and mobile carrier - Google Patents

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of heat engines, and provides a piston engine, a generator set and a mobile carrier. The internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is sleeved on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder, a heat exchange medium is preset in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger so as to recover heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder, and an air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is formed in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger; the steam cylinder is provided with a steam air inlet which is communicated with the air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger; the intake, compression, acting and exhaust strokes of the internal combustion engine correspond to the vacuum acting, expansion acting, vacuum acting and expansion acting strokes of the steam cylinder in sequence. The technical scheme of the application can solve the problem of low thermal efficiency of the existing piston engine.

Description

Piston engine, generator set and mobile carrier

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of heat engines, and particularly relates to a piston engine, a generator set and a mobile carrier.

Background

The piston engine is also called a reciprocating engine, and is an engine for converting pressure into rotational kinetic energy by using one or more pistons, and is a kind of heat engine, and is powered by fuel such as gasoline, diesel oil, methanol and the like. The piston engine mainly comprises a cylinder, a piston, a connecting rod, a crankshaft, a valve mechanism and the like. Piston engines are mostly four-stroke engines, i.e. one cylinder performs a working cycle, in which the piston is subjected to four strokes, in turn an intake stroke, a compression stroke, an expansion stroke and an exhaust stroke.

The thermal efficiency of an engine is the ratio of the heat converted into mechanical work to the heat consumed, and is an important indicator for measuring the technical level and economy of the engine. The heat loss of the piston engine is high, and the heat efficiency of the piston engine is only 20% -30%, so that the heat efficiency of the piston engine is very important.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks in the prior art, an object of the present application is to provide a piston engine, a generator set and a mobile carrier, so as to solve the technical problem of low thermal efficiency of the existing piston engine.

The technical scheme adopted by the application for solving the technical problems is as follows:

A piston engine, comprising: the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is sleeved on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder, a heat exchange medium is preset in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger so as to recover heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder, and an air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is formed in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger; the steam cylinder is provided with a steam air inlet which is communicated with the air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger; the intake, compression, acting and exhaust strokes of the internal combustion engine correspond to the vacuum acting, expansion acting, vacuum acting and expansion acting strokes of the steam cylinder in sequence.

Further, the piston engine also comprises an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger, wherein the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger comprises an exhaust gas channel and a medium channel;

the exhaust gas channel comprises an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet, the exhaust gas inlet is communicated with an exhaust port of the internal combustion cylinder, and the exhaust gas outlet is communicated with the atmosphere;

The medium channel comprises a medium inlet and a medium outlet, the medium inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, and the medium outlet is communicated with the steam air inlet.

Further, a vapor chamber is formed between the upper surface of the vapor piston in the vapor cylinder and the vapor cylinder, and a condensing port is arranged at least at a part of the stroke position of the vapor piston and is communicated with the medium inlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger and/or the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger.

Further, the piston engine further comprises a first circulating pump, wherein the first circulating pump is communicated with the condensation port and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger so as to pump the heat exchange medium cooled after acting in the steam cylinder into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger;

And/or the piston engine further comprises a condenser, wherein the condenser is communicated with the condensation port and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger so as to condense the cooled heat exchange medium after acting into a liquid medium.

Further, the condensing port is positioned at or near the top of the vapor chamber; and/or the condensing port is positioned at the lower part of the vapor cavity.

Further, the condensation port is provided with a switch valve.

Further, the piston engine further comprises a steam cylinder heat exchanger, the steam cylinder heat exchanger is sleeved on the outer surface of the steam cylinder, a heat exchange medium is preset in the steam cylinder heat exchanger to recover heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder, and the steam cylinder heat exchanger is provided with a steam cylinder heat exchanger air outlet;

The air outlet of the steam cylinder heat exchanger is communicated with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, and/or the air outlet of the steam cylinder heat exchanger is communicated with the medium inlet of the waste gas medium heat exchanger.

Further, the piston engine further comprises a three-way catalyst, wherein two ends of the three-way catalyst are respectively communicated with an exhaust port of the internal combustion cylinder and an exhaust inlet of the exhaust medium heat exchanger, or two ends of the three-way catalyst are respectively communicated with an exhaust outlet of the exhaust medium heat exchanger and the atmosphere.

Further, the heat exchange medium has a boiling point of 50 ℃ to 150 ℃ at standard atmospheric pressure.

Further, the heat exchange medium is fluoropentane, fluorohexane, fluoroheptane, fluorooctane, ethanol, glycol, methanol, gasoline, fluorocarbon refrigerant, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant and water or a mixture of water and the above.

Further, the internal combustion cylinder and the steam cylinder of the piston engine are arranged in series or in a V shape.

Further, the piston engine further comprises an internal combustion crankshaft and a steam crankshaft, and an internal combustion piston in the internal combustion cylinder is connected with the internal combustion crankshaft; a vapor piston in the vapor cylinder is connected with the vapor crankshaft.

Further, the piston engine further comprises a transmission, the transmission comprises an internal combustion input main shaft and an external combustion output auxiliary shaft, an internal combustion piston in an internal combustion cylinder is connected with the internal combustion input main shaft, a steam piston in a steam cylinder is connected with the external combustion output auxiliary shaft, and the transmission ratio of the transmission is larger than 1.

Further, the steam cylinder comprises a steam cylinder sleeve, a steam piston and an energy storage lining, wherein the steam piston is arranged in the steam cylinder sleeve, and the energy storage lining is arranged on the upper surface of the steam piston and is used for absorbing impact pressure

A generator set comprises a generator, the piston engine and a crankshaft, wherein an internal combustion piston, a steam piston and the generator in the piston engine are connected with the crankshaft.

The mobile carrier comprises the generator set, and the mobile carrier provides driving force or supplies power for the mobile carrier through the generator set.

The mobile carrier further comprises a battery pack, a driving motor, wheels and a thermodynamic element, wherein the thermodynamic element is used for converting braking energy of the wheels into heat energy; the heat exchange medium exchanges heat with at least one of the battery pack, the driving motor, the generator and the thermal element.

The application has the beneficial effects that:

1. The piston engine claimed by the application adopts the combination of the internal combustion cylinder and the steam cylinder, the heat on the cylinder sleeve of the internal combustion cylinder is recovered through arranging the heat exchanger of the internal combustion cylinder, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure steam obtained after heat exchange is introduced into the steam cylinder to push the steam piston to do work. The steam formed by recovering the heat emitted by the cylinder sleeve of the internal combustion cylinder pushes the steam cylinder to do work, and compared with the traditional piston engine, the heat efficiency of the piston engine is greatly improved.

2. The application also provides an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger for recovering heat in exhaust gas exhausted by the internal combustion cylinder, and steam obtained by heat exchange of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is introduced into the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger to perform secondary heat exchange with the exhaust gas, and then high-temperature and high-pressure steam obtained after the secondary heat exchange is introduced into the steam cylinder to push the steam piston to do work, so that the thermal efficiency of the piston engine can be further improved.

3. The application also provides a steam cylinder heat exchanger for recovering heat emitted by the cylinder sleeve of the steam cylinder, and steam obtained by heat exchange of the steam cylinder heat exchanger is introduced into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger or the waste gas medium heat exchanger for secondary heat exchange, and finally the obtained steam is introduced into the steam cylinder for acting, so that the heat efficiency of the piston engine can be further improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a piston engine according to the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another piston engine according to the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a piston engine according to still another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a piston engine according to another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a vapor cylinder according to the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a piston engine with two crankshafts according to the present application;

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a piston engine provided with a transmission according to the present application.

Marking:

100-internal combustion cylinder; 110-exhaust port; 120-an internal combustion piston; 121-a flexible seal; 122-piston plate; 123-steam cylinder sleeve; 200-steaming cylinder; 210-vapor inlet; 220-a vapor piston; 300-internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger; 310-an air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger; 400-an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger; 411-exhaust gas inlet; 412-a waste gas outlet; 421-media inlet; 422-media outlet; 230-a condensation port; 500-a vapor cylinder heat exchanger; 510-a vapor cylinder heat exchanger air outlet; 600-three-way catalyst; 700-generator; 800-crank shaft; 810-an internal combustion crankshaft; 820-a vapor crankshaft; 830-internal combustion input spindle; 840-a vapor output layshaft; 850-a drive gear; 860-driven gear; 221-energy storage bushing.

Detailed Description

In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description. The embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without collision. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, and the described embodiments are merely some, rather than all, embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present application.

It should be noted that: unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. Like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only to distinguish the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In a first aspect, as shown in fig. 1 (the straight arrow in the drawing indicates the flow direction of the heat exchange medium), fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a piston engine provided by the present application, in this embodiment, a piston engine is provided, and the piston engine includes an internal combustion cylinder 100, an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 and a steaming cylinder 200, the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is sleeved on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder 100, the heat exchange medium is preset in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 to recover the heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder 100, and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is provided with an internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger air outlet 310. The steam cylinder 200 is provided with a steam inlet 210, and the steam inlet 210 is communicated with an air outlet 310 of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger so as to introduce steam obtained after heat exchange into the steam cylinder 200 to do work.

In the above implementation process, the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is sleeved on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder 100, and the lost heat emitted by the cylinder liner of the internal combustion cylinder 100 is recovered to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure steam. The air outlet 310 of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is communicated with the steam air inlet 210 of the steam cylinder 200, so that high-temperature and high-pressure steam obtained by recovering the heat of the cylinder sleeve is introduced into the steam cylinder 200 to do work, and the heat energy is converted into kinetic energy.

According to the invention, the heat energy on the cylinder sleeve after the work is done by the internal combustion cylinder 100 can be collected by arranging the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder 100, so that the heat energy loss during the traditional engine work in the prior art is reduced, the collected heat energy can be converted into the kinetic energy of the steam cylinder 200 by matching with the arrangement of the steam cylinder 200, the steam cylinder 200 is driven by the heat energy collected during the internal combustion cylinder 100 work, the heat efficiency is improved, the energy loss is reduced, and the overall economy of the piston engine is greatly improved.

It should be appreciated that the internal combustion cylinder 100 is a fuel cylinder that performs work by combustion of fuel such as diesel, gasoline, methanol, and the like. On the basis that the internal combustion cylinder 100 is a fuel cylinder, the internal combustion cylinder 100 pushes the internal combustion piston 120 in the internal combustion cylinder 100 to do work through the combustion of fuel, and at the moment, the temperature of the cylinder sleeve of the internal combustion cylinder 100 is higher, so that the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 can collect heat emitted by the cylinder sleeve of the internal combustion cylinder 100 more efficiently. Internal combustion cylinder 100 thus includes four strokes, in turn, intake, compression, power, and exhaust.

It should be appreciated that the vapor cylinder 200 is an external combustion cylinder, and that the high-temperature and high-pressure vapor obtained by recovering heat from the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is introduced into the vapor cylinder 200 to drive the vapor piston 220 to do work. Therefore, the vapor cylinder 200 includes two strokes, which are expansion work and vacuum work, respectively, wherein the expansion work refers to that high-temperature and high-pressure vapor is introduced into the vapor cylinder 200 to push the vapor piston 220 to move downwards and drive the crankshaft 800 to rotate. The vacuum working means that the high-temperature and high-pressure vapor pushes the vapor piston 220 to work in the vapor cylinder 200 and then is partially or completely condensed into liquid, so that vacuum is generated in the vapor cylinder 200, and the piston has a tendency to move upwards under the action of atmospheric pressure. The piston returns to its highest point and vapor cylinder 200 enters the next expansion power stroke.

Alternatively, the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is sleeved on the outer surface of the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder 100, and cooperates with the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder 100 to form a medium cavity for accommodating a heat exchange medium. Or the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is provided with a spiral pipe for accommodating a heat exchange medium, which is spirally disposed around the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder 100.

In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 (the straight arrow in the figure indicates the flow direction of the exhaust gas and the heat exchange medium), fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another piston engine provided by the present application, where the piston engine further includes an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, and the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 includes an exhaust gas channel and a medium channel. The exhaust passage includes an exhaust gas inlet 411 and an exhaust gas outlet 412, the exhaust gas inlet 411 communicating with the exhaust port 110 of the internal combustion cylinder 100, the exhaust gas outlet 412 communicating with the atmosphere. The medium channel comprises a medium inlet 421 and a medium outlet 422, wherein the medium inlet 421 is communicated with the air outlet 310 of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, and the medium outlet 422 is communicated with the steam air inlet 210.

In the above implementation process, the heat loss of the internal combustion cylinder 100 is mainly the heat carried out by the exhaust gas in addition to the heat emitted by the cylinder liner, the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 is provided, the exhaust gas discharged by the internal combustion cylinder 100 is introduced into the exhaust gas channel through the exhaust gas inlet 411 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, meanwhile, the vapor obtained by heat exchange of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 is introduced into the medium channel of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 through the medium inlet 421 to perform secondary heat exchange with the exhaust gas, and the vapor after the secondary heat exchange is introduced into the vapor cylinder 200 to perform work.

It can be seen that the present application further improves the thermal efficiency of the piston engine by providing the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 to further recycle the heat in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion cylinder 100.

Alternatively, the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 may be a direct contact heat exchanger, an energy storage heat exchanger, or a dividing wall heat exchanger, preferably a primary surface heat exchanger.

In one possible embodiment, a vapor chamber is formed between the upper surface of the vapor piston 220 within the vapor cylinder 200 and the vapor cylinder 200, with a condensing port 230 being provided at least part of the travel position of the vapor piston 220.

In the above implementation process, after the vapor piston 220 is pushed to do work, part or all of the high-temperature and high-pressure vapor is condensed into a liquid state, meanwhile, the vapor piston 220 moves below the condensation port 230, and in the process that the vapor piston 220 moves upwards, the heat exchange medium cooled after doing work is led out of the vapor cylinder 200 through the condensation port 230.

In one possible embodiment, the condensing ports 230 are in communication with the cylinder heat exchanger 300.

In the implementation process, the condensation port 230 is communicated with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, the heat exchange medium cooled after working can be recovered into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 through the condensation port 230, the heat of the cylinder sleeve of the internal combustion cylinder 100 recovered by the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 can be gasified again to form steam, and the steam enters the steam cylinder 200 again to do work, so that the circulation of the heat exchange medium between the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 and the steam cylinder 200 is realized.

In one possible embodiment, the condensing port 230 communicates with the medium inlet 421 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400.

In the above implementation process, the condensation port 230 is communicated with the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, the heat exchange medium cooled after working is recovered into the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 through the condensation port 230, the heat of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion cylinder 100 is recovered through the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam is formed through secondary heat exchange, and the steam enters the steam cylinder 200 again to do work, so that the circulation of the heat exchange medium between the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 and the steam cylinder 200 is realized.

Alternatively, the condensing port 230 may communicate with only the cylinder heat exchanger 300, may communicate with only the medium inlet 421 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, and may also communicate with both the cylinder heat exchanger 300 and the medium inlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400.

In one possible embodiment, the piston engine further includes a first circulation pump, where the first circulation pump communicates the condensation port 230 with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 to drive the heat exchange medium cooled after the work performed in the vapor cylinder 200 to be pumped into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300.

In the above implementation process, the heat exchange medium cooled after acting is in a liquid state or a gas-liquid mixed state, so that the pressure is low, and the efficiency of naturally flowing into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 from the condensation port 230 is low, so that the first circulating pump is arranged on the path between the condensation port 230 and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, and external force is applied to drive the heat exchange medium to be recovered from the condensation port 230 to the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300, thereby improving the overall circulating efficiency.

In one possible embodiment, the piston engine further comprises a condenser in communication with the condensing port 230 and the cylinder heat exchanger 300 to condense the cooled heat exchange medium after the work is done into a liquid medium.

In the above implementation, after the vapor pushes the vapor piston 220 in the vapor cylinder 200 to perform work, the vapor may be cooled completely to be liquid, or may be partially cooled to be liquid, and another part may still be gaseous. A condenser is provided between the cylinder heat exchanger 300 and the condensation port 230, and the heat exchange medium which is still in a gaseous state after expansion work is condensed into liquid and then recovered into the cylinder heat exchanger 300.

Specifically, the condensation port 230, the condenser, the first circulation pump and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 are sequentially communicated, the condenser condenses the heat exchange medium cooled after working into liquid, and the first circulation pump pumps the liquid heat exchange medium into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300.

In one possible embodiment, the condensing ports 230 are positioned at or near the top of the vapor chamber, with the condensing ports 230 being in communication with the vapor chamber at each stroke of the vapor piston 220.

Optionally, an on-off valve is provided in the condensation port 230, which opens after the vapor pushes the vapor piston 220 to perform work.

In the above implementation process, the vapor pushes the vapor piston 220 to move downwards to the bottom dead center, the vapor is still gas after being cooled, at this time, the switch valve is opened, and along with the upward movement of the vapor piston 220, the cooled gaseous heat exchange medium enters the condenser through the switch valve under the action of the first circulating pump to be condensed.

In one possible embodiment, at least a portion of the condensing ports 230 are located at or near the bottom of the cylinder liner of the vapor chamber, and at a portion of the travel of the vapor piston 220, the condensing ports 230 are in communication with the vapor chamber.

In the above implementation process, the vapor pushes the vapor piston 220 to apply work and then cool the liquid part, and the liquid part stays on the upper surface of the vapor piston 220, when the vapor piston 220 moves to the bottom, the condensation port 230 is communicated with the vapor cavity, and the liquid heat exchange medium and the gaseous heat exchange medium naturally or under the action of the first circulating pump flow out from the condensation port 230.

Optionally, at least two condensation ports 230 are formed on the vapor cylinder 200 in the present application, which are a first condensation port and a second condensation port, respectively, the first condensation port is formed at the bottom of the vapor cylinder 200, and when the vapor piston 220 in the vapor cylinder 200 moves to the bottom dead center, the first condensation port is communicated with the vapor chamber, and the first condensation port is used for guiding the heat exchange medium cooled into liquid out of the vapor cylinder 200. The second condensation port is arranged at the top of the steam cylinder 200 and is always communicated with the steam cavity, and the second condensation port is used for guiding out the gaseous heat exchange medium from the steam cylinder 200.

In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4 (the straight arrow in the drawing indicates the flow direction of the exhaust gas and the heat exchange medium), fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of still another piston engine provided by the present application, and fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of still another piston engine provided by the present application, where the piston engine further includes a vapor cylinder heat exchanger 500, the vapor cylinder heat exchanger 500 is sleeved on the outer surface of the vapor cylinder 200, the heat exchange medium is preset in the vapor cylinder heat exchanger 500to recover the heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the vapor cylinder 200, and the vapor cylinder heat exchanger 500 includes a vapor cylinder heat exchanger air outlet 510. The vapor cylinder heat exchanger air outlet 510 communicates with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 and/or the vapor cylinder heat exchanger air outlet 510 communicates with the medium inlet 421 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400.

It should be appreciated that the vapor cylinder heat exchanger air outlet 510 may communicate with only the internal cylinder heat exchanger 300, may communicate with only the medium inlet 421 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, or may communicate with both the internal cylinder heat exchanger 300 and the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400.

In the above implementation process, a part of energy after steam enters the steam cylinder 200 is converted into mechanical energy by pushing the steam piston 220 to do work, and another part of energy is emitted out through the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200 in the form of heat, so that the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 is arranged on the outer surface of the steam cylinder 200 to recycle the heat emitted by the cylinder wall. After the heat exchange medium in the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 absorbs heat and evaporates into steam, the steam can be introduced into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger 300 for secondary heat exchange, and can also be directly introduced into the waste gas medium heat exchanger 400 for secondary heat exchange. Therefore, the heat efficiency of the piston engine is further improved by arranging the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 to recover the heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200.

Alternatively, in embodiments in which the vapor cylinder heat exchanger 500 is external to the vapor cylinder 200, a portion of the heat exchange medium directed from the condensing ports 230 is recycled to the vapor cylinder heat exchanger 500.

Optionally, the vapor cylinder heat exchanger 500 is sleeved on the outer surface of the cylinder wall of the vapor cylinder 200, and forms a medium cavity for accommodating heat exchange medium in cooperation with the cylinder wall of the vapor cylinder 200. Or the steam cylinder heat exchanger 500 is provided with a spiral pipe for accommodating heat exchange medium, and the spiral pipe is spirally arranged around the cylinder wall of the steam cylinder 200.

In one possible embodiment, the heat exchange medium has a boiling point of 50 ℃ to 150 ℃ at normal atmospheric pressure.

In the implementation process, the heat exchange medium with the boiling point of 50-150 ℃ under the standard atmospheric pressure is selected, so that the gasification of the heat exchange medium into steam is facilitated.

Alternatively, the heat exchange medium may be selected from fluoropentane, fluorohexane, fluoroheptane, fluorooctane, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, gasoline, fluorocarbon refrigerant, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant and water or a mixture of water and the above.

In one possible implementation, intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes of the internal combustion engine correspond in sequence to vacuum power, expansion power, vacuum power, expansion power strokes of vapor cylinder 200.

In the above implementation, two of the four strokes of the internal combustion cylinder 100 that require labor-consuming are powered by the vapor cylinder 200.

The piston engine may be a two-cylinder engine, including only one set of internal combustion cylinders 100 and steam cylinders 200; the engine may be a multi-cylinder engine in the prior art, such as a three-cylinder engine, a four-cylinder engine, or a six-cylinder engine. When the piston engine is a multi-cylinder engine in the prior art such as a three-cylinder engine, a four-cylinder engine, a six-cylinder engine and the like, the piston engine at least comprises a group of internal combustion cylinders 100 and steam cylinders 200, and other cylinders of the piston engine can be fuel cylinders which do work through fuel. Preferably, when the piston engine is a four-cylinder engine, the four-cylinder engine comprises two sets of the internal combustion cylinder 100 and the steam cylinder 200, and when the piston engine is a six-cylinder engine, the six-cylinder engine comprises three sets of the internal combustion cylinder 100 and the steam cylinder 200, or the six-cylinder engine comprises two internal combustion cylinders 100 and four steam cylinders 200.

In one possible embodiment, the internal combustion cylinder 100 of the piston engine is in an in-line arrangement, a V-arrangement or a W-arrangement with the steaming cylinder 200.

Specifically, when the piston engine includes one internal combustion cylinder 100 and two vapor cylinders 200, the two vapor cylinders 200 are arranged in-line with one internal combustion cylinder 100, or the two vapor cylinders 200 and one internal combustion cylinder 100 are respectively arranged on both sides of the crankshaft 800.

Alternatively, the piston engine comprises three internal combustion cylinders 100 and three steam cylinders 200, which may take a V-shaped arrangement, in particular, wherein two internal combustion cylinders 100 and one steam cylinder 200 are located on one side of the crankshaft 800 and the steam cylinder 200 is located in the middle of two internal combustion cylinders 100; the other two vapor cylinders 200 and one internal combustion cylinder 100 are located on the other side of the crankshaft 800, and the internal combustion cylinder 100 is located in the middle of the two vapor cylinders 200. When the cylinder diameter of the vapor cylinder 200 is smaller than that of the internal combustion cylinder 100, space can be effectively saved by adopting the arrangement.

In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 2-4, the piston engine further includes a three-way catalyst 600, wherein two ends of the three-way catalyst 600 are respectively communicated with the exhaust port 110 of the internal combustion cylinder 100 and the exhaust gas inlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400, or two ends of the three-way catalyst 600 are respectively communicated with the exhaust gas outlet 412 of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger 400 and the atmosphere.

In the above-described implementation, the three-way catalyst 600 is used for purification before the exhaust gas is discharged to the atmosphere, and harmful gases such as CO, HC, NOx, etc. in the exhaust gas are converted into harmless carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen through oxidation and reduction.

In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a steam cylinder provided by the present application, the steam cylinder 200 includes a steam cylinder sleeve 123, the steam piston 220 includes a flexible sealing body 121 and a piston plate 122, the flexible sealing body 121 includes a first port and a second port that are communicated with each other, the first port is connected with a bottom of the steam cylinder sleeve 123 in a sealing manner, the second port is connected with the piston plate 122 in a sealing manner, and the piston plate 122 is connected with a crankshaft 800 through a link mechanism.

In the implementation process, the flexible sealing body 121 and the piston plate 122 are adopted to form the steam piston 220, so that the steam piston 220 is not contacted with the steam cylinder sleeve 123, friction force between the steam piston 220 and the steam cylinder 200 is avoided, the lubrication requirement of the piston engine can be reduced, and the efficiency of the piston engine is improved.

It should be appreciated that the flexible seal 121 described above provides both scalability and sealability. The retractility of the flexible sealing body 121 may be caused by the material property of the flexible sealing body 121 itself, for example, the flexible sealing body 121 has elasticity, or may be caused by the structural property of the flexible sealing body 121 itself, for example, the flexible sealing body 121 is in a folded and retracted structure.

Alternatively, the flexible sealing body 121 may be made of polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluororubber, nylon, polyethylene, polyether ketone, or the like.

In one possible embodiment, the vapor cylinder 200 includes a cylinder liner 123, with the inner wall of the cylinder liner 123 being coated with a lubricating coating.

In the implementation process, the lubricating coating is coated on the inner wall of the steam cylinder sleeve 123, so that the friction force between the steam piston 220 and the steam cylinder sleeve 123 can be reduced, the lubricating requirement of the piston engine is further reduced, and the efficiency of the piston engine is improved.

Optionally, the side of the vapor piston 220, i.e., the surface in contact with the vapor cylinder liner 123, is coated with a lubricating coating.

Alternatively, the lubricating coating may be a teflon coating, a babbitt metal, a ceramic film, a polytetrafluoroethylene coating, a nylon coating, or the like, which is capable of functioning as a lubricant.

Optionally, the operating parameters of one of the above designs of the piston engine are as follows: the steamer was set to two strokes at 2000 rpm, and was opened and closed 33 times per second. The fully expanded cylinder volume is 1375ml and the single cylinder is 685ml if divided into two cylinders. The power rise of a normal 1.0T engine takes 80kW, and the application adopts the paths of the Atkinson cycle or the Miller cycle, the natural air suction lean compression ignition, the speed reduction and the like which sacrifice the power density to improve the efficiency, so as to reduce the power rise to 20kW. The main internal combustion cylinder 100 takes 500cc displacement with a power of 10kW and an efficiency in the range of 35% -50%, in particular 35%. The total heat work is 28.6kW, and the friction, exhaust loss and total cooling loss of the cylinder sleeve are about 18.6kW. The working medium absorbs 15kW and the effective work of expansion is about 8kW. The internal and external circulation jointly apply work for 18kW, and the thermal efficiency of the system is 72%. The motor efficiency is 97%, and the system power generation efficiency is 68%. Assuming that the piston stroke is x, the area of the internal combustion cylinder 100 is 500/x; vapor cylinder 200 area 1375/x or 685/x.

In one possible embodiment, the internal combustion piston 120 in the internal combustion cylinder 100 and the vapor piston 220 in the vapor cylinder 200 are connected to the same crankshaft 800.

When the vapor piston 220 in the vapor cylinder 200 reciprocates at a high speed, the liquid heat exchange medium in the vapor cylinder 200 may generate water hammer phenomenon under the high-speed reciprocation of the vapor piston 220, and damage the structure of the vapor piston 220, and shorten the service lives of the vapor cylinder 200 and the vapor piston 220.

In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the piston engine includes an internal combustion crankshaft 810 and a vapor crankshaft 820, with the internal combustion piston 120 within the internal combustion cylinder 100 being connected to the internal combustion crankshaft 810; the vapor piston 220 in the vapor cylinder 200 is connected to a vapor crankshaft 820.

In the above implementation process, the internal combustion piston 120 and the vapor piston 220 are respectively connected to different crankshafts, the internal combustion crankshaft 810 and the vapor crankshaft 820 can be respectively connected to one generator 700 to respectively output electric energy, and the rotation speed of the vapor crankshaft 820 can be controlled below 600r/min, so that the occurrence of the water hammer phenomenon can be effectively avoided.

In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the piston engine further comprises a transmission comprising an internal combustion input main shaft 830 and a vapor output auxiliary shaft 840, the internal combustion piston 120 in the internal combustion cylinder 100 is connected with the internal combustion input main shaft 830, the vapor piston 220 in the vapor cylinder 200 is connected with the vapor output auxiliary shaft 840, and the transmission ratio of the transmission is greater than 1.

In the above implementation process, the transmission is used to reduce the rotation speed of the vapor output auxiliary shaft 840, so as to reduce the frequency of the reciprocating movement of the vapor piston 220, and effectively avoid the occurrence of the water hammer phenomenon.

Optionally, the transmission further includes a driving gear 850 and a driven gear 860 intermeshed, the driving gear 850 being fixed to the internal combustion input main shaft 830 and the driven gear 860 being fixed to the vapor output auxiliary shaft 840.

Optionally, a generator is connected to the vapor output countershaft 840 to convert kinetic energy to electrical energy for output.

In one possible embodiment, the upper surface of the vapor piston 220 is provided with an energy storage bushing 221, the energy storage bushing 221 being used to absorb the impact pressure.

Specifically, the energy storage bushing 221 may be made of a fiber-based composite material, an engineering plastic material, or the like, which is capable of absorbing impact pressure.

It can be seen that the energy storage bushing 221 is disposed on the upper surface of the steam piston 220, and when the water hammer occurs, the energy storage bushing 221 absorbs the impact pressure of the water hammer, thereby protecting the structure of the steam piston 220 from damage.

In a second aspect, the present application further provides a generator set, which includes a generator 700, a piston engine according to any embodiment of the first aspect, and a crankshaft 800, where an internal combustion piston, a vapor piston, and the generator 700 in the piston engine are connected to the crankshaft 800.

In a third aspect, the present application also provides a mobile carrier, which includes the generator set of the second aspect, and the mobile carrier provides driving force through the generator set. The mobile vehicle may be a vehicle, a watercraft, an aircraft, or the like.

In one possible embodiment, the mobile carrier further comprises a battery pack, a driving motor, wheels, a control device and a thermal element; the generator 700 set is electrically connected with the control device, the control device is respectively electrically connected with the battery set and the driving motor, the battery set and the driving motor are respectively supplied by the electricity generated by the generator 700 set through the control device, and the battery set is electrically connected with the driving motor and is used for providing electric energy for the driving motor; the driving motor is connected with the wheels and is used for driving the wheels to rotate and providing braking resistance for the wheels; the thermodynamic element is respectively connected with the control device and the piston engine and is used for converting braking energy of the wheels into heat energy and heating the air in the steam cylinder 200.

Specifically, the mobile carrier further includes a heat element heat exchanger, the heat element heat exchanger is disposed around the heat element, the heat element heat exchanger includes a heat element heat exchange inlet and a heat element heat exchange outlet, the heat element heat exchange inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger or the medium outlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger, and the heat element heat exchange outlet is communicated with the steam air inlet 210.

Therefore, the application adopts the thermodynamic element to convert the braking energy of the mobile carrier into heat energy, heats the steam entering the steam cylinder 200, recovers the braking energy of the mobile carrier, can reduce the energy waste, and improves the endurance mileage of the mobile carrier and the power performance of the whole vehicle.

In order to ensure that the heating element is safe and reliable, the heating element is made of a high-temperature resistant material, can be suitable for a high-temperature environment and is not easy to destroy, the heating element can be a quartz heating element or a ceramic heating element, and the ceramic material is any one or combination of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide.

Optionally, each of the battery pack, the generator 700 and other components generating waste heat is provided with a heat exchanger, so as to recover the waste heat generated by the heat exchangers, and the heat exchange medium led out from the condensation port of the steam cylinder 200 flows through the heat exchangers in sequence from low temperature to high temperature, so as to recover the waste heat generated by each component, and further improve the heat efficiency.

The above description is only specific embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Variations and substitutions will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present disclosure, and are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

Claims (16)

1. A piston engine, comprising:

An internal combustion cylinder;

the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is sleeved on the outer surface of the internal combustion cylinder, a heat exchange medium is preset in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger so as to recover heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the internal combustion cylinder, and an air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger is formed in the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger;

The steam cylinder is provided with a steam air inlet which is communicated with the air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger;

The intake, compression, acting and exhaust strokes of the internal combustion engine correspond to the vacuum acting, expansion acting, vacuum acting and expansion acting strokes of the steam cylinder in sequence.

2. The piston engine of claim 1, further comprising an exhaust gas medium heat exchanger comprising an exhaust gas passage and a medium passage;

the exhaust gas channel comprises an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet, the exhaust gas inlet is communicated with an exhaust port of the internal combustion cylinder, and the exhaust gas outlet is communicated with the atmosphere;

The medium channel comprises a medium inlet and a medium outlet, the medium inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, and the medium outlet is communicated with the steam air inlet.

3. A piston engine according to claim 2, characterized in that a vapour chamber is formed between the upper surface of the vapour piston in the vapour cylinder and the vapour cylinder, a condensation port being provided at least part of the stroke position of the vapour piston, which condensation port communicates with the medium inlet of the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger and/or the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger.

4. A piston engine as set forth in claim 3 further comprising a first circulation pump communicating the condensing port with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger to pump post-work cooled heat exchange medium in the vapor cylinder into the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger;

And/or the piston engine further comprises a condenser, wherein the condenser is communicated with the condensation port and the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger so as to condense the cooled heat exchange medium after acting into a liquid medium.

5. A piston engine as claimed in claim 3, in which the condensing port is located at or adjacent the top of the vapour chamber; and/or the number of the groups of groups,

The condensing port is positioned at the lower part of the vapor cavity;

preferably, the condensation port is provided with a switch valve.

6. The piston engine of claim 2, further comprising a vapor cylinder heat exchanger, wherein the vapor cylinder heat exchanger is sleeved on the outer surface of the vapor cylinder, a heat exchange medium is preset in the vapor cylinder heat exchanger to recover heat emitted by the cylinder wall of the vapor cylinder, and the vapor cylinder heat exchanger is provided with a vapor cylinder heat exchanger air outlet;

The air outlet of the steam cylinder heat exchanger is communicated with the internal combustion cylinder heat exchanger, and/or the air outlet of the steam cylinder heat exchanger is communicated with the medium inlet of the waste gas medium heat exchanger.

7. The piston engine of claim 2, further comprising a three-way catalyst having two ends in communication with the exhaust port of the internal combustion cylinder and the exhaust gas inlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger, respectively, or having two ends in communication with the exhaust gas outlet of the exhaust gas medium heat exchanger and the atmosphere, respectively.

8. The piston engine of claim 1 wherein said heat exchange medium has a boiling point of 50 ℃ to 150 ℃ at normal atmospheric pressure.

9. The piston engine of claim 8 wherein said heat exchange medium is fluoropentane, fluorohexane, fluoroheptane, fluorooctane, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, gasoline, fluorocarbon refrigerant, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant and water or a mixture of water and the above.

10. The piston engine of claim 1, wherein the internal combustion cylinder and the vapor cylinder of the piston engine are in an in-line arrangement or a V-arrangement.

11. The piston engine of claim 1, wherein the vapor cylinder includes a vapor cylinder liner and a vapor piston, the vapor piston including a flexible seal including a first port and a second port in communication with each other, the first port being sealingly connected to a bottom of the vapor cylinder liner, the second port being sealingly connected to the piston plate, and the piston plate being connected to a crankshaft by a linkage.

12. The piston engine of claim 1, further comprising an internal combustion crankshaft and a vapor crankshaft, the internal combustion piston within the internal combustion cylinder being connected to the internal combustion crankshaft; the steam piston in the steam cylinder is connected with the steam crankshaft; or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,

The piston engine further comprises a transmission, the transmission comprises an internal combustion input main shaft and an external combustion output auxiliary shaft, an internal combustion piston in the internal combustion cylinder is connected with the internal combustion input main shaft, a steam piston in the steam cylinder is connected with the external combustion output auxiliary shaft, and the transmission ratio of the transmission is larger than 1.

13. The piston engine of claim 1, wherein said vapor cylinder includes a vapor cylinder liner, a vapor piston disposed within said vapor cylinder liner, and an accumulator liner disposed on an upper surface of said vapor piston for absorbing impact pressure.

14. A generator set comprising a generator, a piston engine according to claims 1-13 and a crankshaft, wherein the internal combustion piston, the vapour piston and the generator in the piston engine according to claims 1-13 are connected to the crankshaft.

15. A mobile vehicle comprising the generator set of claim 14, the mobile vehicle being powered by the generator set.

16. The mobile vehicle of claim 15, further comprising a battery pack, a drive motor, a wheel, and a thermal element for converting braking energy of the wheel into thermal energy;

the heat exchange medium exchanges heat with at least one of the battery pack, the driving motor, the generator and the thermal element.