CN118217268A - 一种含氟铃脲的水产杀虫剂及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于水产养殖领域,具体涉及一种含氟铃脲的水产杀虫剂及其应用,包含活性成分和增效剂;所述活性成分为氟铃脲,所述增效剂为香芹酚;活性成分和增效剂的质量配比为5‑25:1‑5。氟铃脲中添加增效剂香芹酚,可以显著提升氟铃脲对锚头鳋的防治效果;特别是氟铃脲与香芹酚的质量配比为10:1时,防效进一步增强。药剂对鱼类安全,没有出现药害。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖领域,具体涉及一种含氟铃脲的水产杀虫剂及其应用。
背景技术
随着集约化水产养殖业的快速发展,由寄生虫引起的鱼类疾病频繁暴发,对渔业生产造成了较大的危害。鱼类寄生虫病不仅影响鱼类生长与繁殖,导致其消瘦、免疫力下降、抗病力差,而且也影响鱼类品质。因此对鱼类寄生虫病不可忽视,应根据鱼类寄生虫病的严重程度和寄生虫繁殖周期,定期进行杀灭防治。从目前看,控制鱼类寄生虫疾病大多还是使用化学驱杀虫剂。鱼类抗寄生虫药主要分为抗原虫药(包括驱杀孢子虫、纤毛虫、吸管虫等)、抗蠕虫药(包括驱杀单殖吸虫、复殖吸虫、绦虫等)和驱杀寄生甲壳动物药(包括驱杀桡足类等)。
锚头鳋属于剑水蚤目、锚头鳋科,是一种寄生在鱼的鳃、皮肤、鳍、眼、头部、口腔等处的甲壳动物。锚头鳋把头部钻入鱼体内吸取营养,使鱼体消瘦。鱼体被锚头鳋钻入的部位,鳞片破裂,皮肤肌肉组织发炎红肿,组织坏死,水霉菌侵入丛生。锚头鳋露在鱼体表外面的部分,常有钟形虫和藻类植物寄生,外观好像一束束的灰色棉絮。鱼体大量感染锚头鳋时,好像披着蓑衣,故称“蓑衣病”。近年来,随着针对锚头鳋用药的增多,很多地区出现锚头鳋杀不死、易复发的现象,成为养殖户养鱼过程中的难题。
锚头鳋的生活史分为无节幼体时期、桡足幼体时期和成虫期。锚头鳋的无节幼体蜕皮5次后发育为桡足幼体,桡足幼体又通过4次蜕皮后交配寄生到鱼体。当环境水温在18-20℃时,自卵囊孵化至第1桡足幼体共需5-6天,水温在25℃左右时则需3天。第1桡足幼体发育为第5桡足幼体,水温16-20℃时,寄生草鱼的锚头鳋需5-8天。锚头鳋的成虫期则根据虫体的形态可以分为“童虫”“壮虫”“老虫”3个阶段。锚头鳋一旦寄生到鱼体上,无论是处于“童虫”“壮虫”还是“老虫”阶段的虫体,由于可能受到药物影响的身体部位已经深深地入侵到鱼体肌肉内,药物实际上是难以对其产生作用的。
近年来,苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂在畜禽和水产养殖领域均有使用,其中除虫脲、氟酰脲、氟苯脲和杀虫脲最初用于植物保护,后来才用于兽医用途,但啶蜱脲仅用作兽医用途。苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂的批准用途包括治疗生产动物源性食品的动物(如牛、羊、猪、鸡)、马、猫和狗等。目前,用于水产养殖领域的苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂主要为除虫脲和氟苯脲,该杀虫剂治疗鲑鱼虱通常发生在体外寄生虫幼虫和成虫前阶段。水产养殖中,除虫脲和氟苯脲杀虫剂可通过宿主的粘液、皮肤和血液传播,并通过干扰外骨骼内几丁质的合成而起作用。近年来,国内外一些学者围绕苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂在水产养殖中的应用开展了一定的研究,主要包括该类杀虫剂的用法用量、残留代谢情况、毒性研究和其对环境的影响。随着应用的越来越广泛,该类杀虫剂的残留问题逐渐出现,对消费者饮食健康存在威胁,因此科学合理选择抗寄生虫药物显得尤其重要,研究开发能提高药效的杀虫组合物,可以显著降低药剂的使用剂量,减低环境污染,减少残留,保障食品安全。CN107714712A公开了一种用于防治锚头鳋病的氟铃脲组合物,包括活性组分和辅料组分,所述活性组分包括氟铃脲、啶虫脒、阿维菌素;所述氟铃脲与所述啶虫脒、所述阿维菌素的重量比为1:(0.01-0.2):(0.1-20)。现有技术中并没有用于防治水产寄生虫氟铃脲的增效剂的相关报导。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供
一种含氟铃脲的水产杀虫剂,包含活性成分和增效剂;所述活性成分为氟铃脲,所述增效剂为香芹酚;活性成分和增效剂的质量配比为5-25:1-5。优选的,活性成分和增效剂的质量配比为5-20:1-4。优选的,活性成分和增效剂的质量配比为10-20:1-2。
所述的水产杀虫剂还包含辅料成分,活性成分的重量百分含量为5-25%。
所述杀虫剂的制剂为乳油、水乳剂、微乳剂。
所述的水产杀虫剂用于水产上寄生虫防治的用途,所述的寄生虫为鱼类甲壳类寄生虫。优选的,所述的寄生虫为锚头鳋。
香芹酚用于增强氟铃脲对锚头鳋防治效果的用途。
采用上述技术方案,本发明具有如下有益效果:
氟铃脲中添加增效剂香芹酚,可以显著提升氟铃脲对锚头鳋的防治效果;特别是氟铃脲与香芹酚的质量配比为10:1时,防效进一步增强。药剂对鱼类安全,没有出现药害。
具体实施方式
基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合具体的实施方式对本发明做进一步的解释说明。
实施例1:水产杀虫药剂对草鱼锚头鳋的室内药效评价
测试对象:患锚头鳋的草鱼,取自发病鱼塘;
测试药剂:
药剂1:5%氟铃脲制剂
包含如下重量百分含量成分:氟铃脲5%、乙醇4%、农乳500#6%、吐温80 3%、油酸甲酯补足100%。
药剂2:5%氟铃脲制剂
包含如下重量百分含量成分:氟铃脲5%、香芹酚1%、乙醇4%、农乳500#6%、吐温80 3%、油酸甲酯补足100%。
药剂3:5%氟铃脲制剂
包含如下重量百分含量成分:氟铃脲5%、百里香酚1%、乙醇4%、农乳500#6%、吐温80 3%、油酸甲酯补足100%。
药剂4:10%氟铃脲制剂
包含如下重量百分含量成分:氟铃脲10%、香芹酚1%、乙醇4%、农乳500#5%、吐温80 7%、油酸甲酯补足100%。
药剂5:15%氟铃脲制剂
包含如下重量百分含量成分:氟铃脲15%、香芹酚1%、乙醇4%、农乳500#5%、吐温80 7%、油酸甲酯补足100%。
药剂6:20%氟铃脲制剂
包含如下重量百分含量成分:氟铃脲20%、香芹酚1%、乙醇4%、农乳500#5%、吐温80 7%、油酸甲酯补足100%。
测试方法:
试验用水来自发病鱼塘,实验容器为塑料水箱,每个水箱存放200L池水,水温(27±0.5)℃,pH为7.4,试验期间不间断充气。药剂的施用剂量如下表所示。每个水箱投放患病草鱼10条,投放前对每条供试鱼身上附着的锚头鳋计数,记录各试验组锚头鳋72h的残虫数,并计算校正防效;试验重复4次,设置空白对照。
校正防效(%)=(对照区存活率-防治区存活率)/对照区存活率×100。
测试结果:
由表1可知,药剂1中氟铃脲的试验浓度为0.8mg/L时,对草鱼锚头鳋的防效为72.6%;药剂2中通过添加增效剂香芹酚,可以显著提升氟铃脲对草鱼锚头鳋的防治效果;特别是是药剂4中氟铃脲与香芹酚的质量配比为10:1时,防效进一步增强。此外单独使用香芹酚对鲫鱼锚头鳋无防治效果。药剂对草鱼安全,没有出现药害。
表1:水产杀虫药剂对草鱼锚头鳋的室内药效评价
实施例2:水产杀虫药剂对鲫鱼锚头鳋的室内药效评价
测试对象:患锚头鳋的鲫鱼,取自发病鱼塘;
测试药剂:实施例1中药剂1-6;
试验用水来自发病鱼塘,实验容器为塑料水箱,每个水箱存放200L池水,试验期间不间断充气。药剂的施用剂量如下表所示。每个水箱投放患病鲫鱼10条,投放前对每条供试鱼身上附着的锚头鳋计数,记录各试验组锚头鳋72h的残虫数,并计算校正防效;试验重复4次,设置空白对照。
校正防效(%)=(对照区存活率-防治区存活率)/对照区存活率×100。
测试结果:
由表2可知,药剂1中氟铃脲的试验浓度为0.5mg/L时,对鲫鱼锚头鳋的防效为70.3%;药剂2中通过添加增效剂香芹酚,可以显著提升氟铃脲对鲫鱼锚头鳋的防治效果;特别是是药剂4中氟铃脲与香芹酚的质量配比为10:1时,防效进一步增强。此外单独使用香芹酚对鲫鱼锚头鳋无防治效果。药剂对鲫鱼安全,没有出现药害。
表2:水产杀虫药剂对鲫鱼锚头鳋的室内药效评价
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制。
Claims (8)
1.一种含氟铃脲的水产杀虫剂,其特征在于,包含活性成分和增效剂;所述活性成分为氟铃脲,所述增效剂为香芹酚;活性成分和增效剂的质量配比为5-25:1-5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水产杀虫剂,其特征在于,活性成分和增效剂的质量配比为5-20:1-4。
3.根据权利要求2所述的水产杀虫剂,其特征在于,活性成分和增效剂的质量配比为10-20:1-2。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的水产杀虫剂,其特征在于,还包含辅料成分,活性成分的重量百分含量为5-25%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的水产杀虫剂,其特征在于,杀虫剂的制剂为乳油、水乳剂、微乳剂。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的水产杀虫剂用于水产上寄生虫防治的用途。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的寄生虫为鱼类甲壳类寄生虫。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的寄生虫为锚头鳋。
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