CN1182056C - Compound wetland ecology method and system for controlling pollution of nitrogen and phosphor - Google Patents
Compound wetland ecology method and system for controlling pollution of nitrogen and phosphor Download PDFInfo
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- CN1182056C CN1182056C CNB031219470A CN03121947A CN1182056C CN 1182056 C CN1182056 C CN 1182056C CN B031219470 A CNB031219470 A CN B031219470A CN 03121947 A CN03121947 A CN 03121947A CN 1182056 C CN1182056 C CN 1182056C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a composite wetland ecological method and a system thereof for controlling pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus, which belongs to the technical field of artificial wetland water treatment methods and technologies. In order to overcome the defects of poor effect of removing nitrogen and phosphorus, long hydraulic detention time, large land occupation area, etc. in the prior art, the present invention discloses a composite wetland ecological method for controlling pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus. The method comprises the following steps: guiding storm flow or sewage to flow into a settling pond in turn; keeping stay time in primary artificial wetland with a free surface for at least 1.5h; keeping stay time in zeolite undercurrent wetland containing zeolite and slag for at least 1.0 h; keeping stay time in secondary artificial wetland with a free surface for at least 8 h. The present invention simultaneously discloses a composite wetland ecosystem which sequentially comprises the settling pond, the primary artificial wetland with a free surface, the zeolite undercurrent wetland and the secondary artificial wetland with a free surface which are connected in series. The system has the characteristics of small land occupation area, favorable effect of removing nitrogen and phosphorus, strong resistance to impact load, low operation cost and easy management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of efficient compound Wetland ecological method and system thereof of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution control, the technical field that belongs to artificial swamp water treatment method and technology, can be widely used in city, villages and small towns, farmland and have thump, the storm runoff that is rich in nitrogen phosphorus and suspended substance of big flow is handled, and the processing of dirty waste water.
Background technology
German scholar Kickuth R. proposed root district's method (The Root-Zone Method) in 1977, had established the theoretical basis of wetland wastewater treatment.Afterwards, the various countries scholar has launched theory and applied research widely to artificial swamp, artificial swamp is disposed of sewage technology with advantage (AndrewWood such as its high-level efficiency, low investment, low operational cost, low maintenance technology, less energy-consumption, Constructed wetlands in water pollution control:fundamentals to theirunderstanding.Wat.Sci.Tech.1995,32 (3): 21-29) be widely used in fields such as sewage disposal, surface water body pollution control.
In recent ten years, the artificial swamp technology is expanded just gradually to the processing of storm runoff and control, is mainly used in total suspended solid, nitrogen phosphorus nutrition component, organism and the heavy metal etc. removed in the storm runoff, and becomes one of effective ways of handling storm runoff.Various artificial swamp technology embody the effect of different technology, structure, operating parameter and removal pollutent etc.
Sweden Flemingsbergsviken heavy rain wetland engineering is formed floor space 18hm by preliminary sedimentation tank, the wet pool, two-stage manual construction free surface wetland, reed field etc.
2, water catching area 9.6km
2, hydraulic detention time is 3～5d.Operation through 3 years, the clearance of total nitrogen and total phosphorus is respectively 35% and 31% (Thomas Larm.Stormwaterquantity and quality in a multiple pond-wetland system:Flemingsbergsviken case study.Ecological Engineering.2000,15:57～74).
The storm runoff artificial wet land system of EPA promulgation is made up of preposition storehouse, 2～3 grades of artificial free surface wetlands, the half wet pool etc., and its floor space generally is not less than 1%～3% of drainage area, and hydraulic detention time is not less than 1d.Long-time running is the result show, the clearance of total suspended solid is 67%, and plumbous clearance is 62%, and the clearance of total nitrogen and total phosphorus is respectively 28% and 49% (USEPA, Storm Water Technology Fact Sheet:Storm Water Wetlands, September 1999).
People such as J.N.Carleton have studied 16 gravity flow manual construction wetland engineerings of handling storm runoff of operation all over the world.The per-cent that these wetland areas account for its water catching area wherein has 12 greater than 1.5% between 0.78%～6.58%, hydraulic detention time is between 1.4～5.0d.Be at least 6 months their working time.The result shows that these wetlands are many between 60%～90% to total suspended solid and each main removal rate of heavy metal, and the clearance of total phosphorus is many between 15%～40%, and the clearance of total nitrogen is then many between 10%～35%.There are 2 to adopt the undercurrent constitution wetland in 16 wetland engineerings, they are 11% and 17% (J.N.Carleton to the clearance of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, et al., Factors affecting the performance ofstormwater treatment wetlands.Water Research.2001,35 (6): 1552-1562).
The artificial swamp treatment technology of existing storm runoff and dirty waste water, on process combination based on artificial free surface wetland, the pool; The used filler of artificial constructed current wetland is based on sand, gravel, rubble etc.These wetlands have treatment effect preferably to total suspended solid, heavy metal contaminants in the storm runoff, but relatively poor to the removal effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, process combination is single.When nitrogen and phosphorus content was higher in the storm runoff, as the storm runoff on ground such as villages and small towns, farmland, the floor space that adopts existing wetland treatment technology to need was big, and hydraulic detention time is long, and is undesirable to the removal effect of nitrogen phosphorus.
Summary of the invention
The compound Wetland ecological method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of processing storm runoff and dirty waste water of economical and efficient, can overcome the nitrogen, the phosphorus poor removal effect that exist in the prior art effectively, hydraulic detention time is long, shortcomings such as floor space is big, especially ammonia nitrogen is had the removal effect of stability and high efficiency, have stronger shock resistance.
Another object of the present invention provides the zeolite current wetland that uses in aforesaid method.
The invention discloses a kind of compound Wetland ecological method of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution control, it is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
1) guiding storm runoff or dirty waste water flow into the settling pit that can remove coarse particles and suspended substance;
2) effusive water flows into one-level free surface artificial swamp by the cloth water channel in the settling pit, the residence time 〉=1.5h, the interception suspended substance, remove part nitrogen, phosphorus, plant local advantage hygrophyte in the described one-level free surface artificial swamp, and be provided with zig-zag concrete cloth mill weir at the feed-water end of wetland, described each import of cloth mill weir is provided with vertical cloth water channel along the wetland length direction, the cloth water channel is established branch canal on the way, and the canal length of described cloth water channel accounts for 25%～50% of wetland length, dark 0.3～0.4m;
3) effusive water in the one-level free surface artificial swamp is introduced the zeolite current wetland that contains zeolite and slag, the residence time 〉=1.0h strengthens the removal of nitrogen phosphorus; Described zeolite current wetland is made up of distributing flue, bed body and braiding channel; Both sides are provided with the cloth waterwall before and after the bed body, and water distribution side within the walls is filled with the rubble of diameter 30～50mm, fills length 0.5m; Bed body middle lower portion is filled filler, and described filler is zeolite and slag; Bed body top cladding thickness is the soil of 0.2～0.3m, the aquatic tube bank emergent of plantation on the soil;
4) effusive water flows into secondary free surface artificial swamp by the cloth water channel in the zeolite current wetland, the residence time 〉=8h, the local advantage hygrophyte of plantation in the described secondary free surface artificial swamp, and be provided with zig-zag concrete cloth mill weir at the feed-water end of wetland, described each import of cloth mill weir is provided with vertical cloth water channel along the wetland length direction, the cloth water channel is established branch canal on the way, and the canal length of described cloth water channel accounts for 25%～50% of wetland length, dark 0.3～0.4m; Described secondary free surface artificial swamp is received in not removed nitrate in the bio-regeneration process takes place in the described zeolite current wetland, makes nitrate further obtain transforming, and strengthens the removal of nitrogen phosphorus.
The invention also discloses a kind of compound Wetlands ecosystems, it is characterized in that: this system comprises placed in-line settling pit, one-level free surface artificial swamp, zeolite current wetland and secondary free surface artificial swamp successively;
Described zeolite current wetland is made up of distributing flue, bed body and braiding channel; Both sides are provided with the cloth waterwall before and after the bed body, and water distribution side within the walls is filled with the rubble of diameter 30～50mm, fills length 0.5m; Bed body middle lower portion is filled filler, and described filler is zeolite and slag; Bed body top cladding thickness is the soil of 0.2～0.3m, the aquatic tube bank emergent of plantation on the soil;
The local advantage hygrophyte of plantation in the described free surface artificial swamp, and be provided with zig-zag concrete cloth mill weir at the feed-water end of each wetland, described each import of cloth mill weir is provided with vertical cloth water channel along the wetland length direction, the cloth water channel is established branch canal on the way, the canal length of described cloth water channel accounts for 25%～50% of wetland length, dark 0.3～0.4m.
The particle diameter of zeolite current wetland mesolite of the present invention is 20～40mm, and the particle diameter of slag is 40～60mm.
The long-width ratio of zeolite current wetland of the present invention 1: 1～4: 1, the gradient are 0.3%～1%.
Aquatic tube bank emergent of the present invention is one or more in hay grass, reed or the calamus, planting density 2～3 strain/rice of described plant
2
The depth of packing of zeolite current wetland of the present invention is 0.4～0.8m.
The present invention compared with prior art adopts free surface artificial swamp and current wetland combination process, adopts zeolite and slag as filler in current wetland, realizes having complementary functions, and improves integral body and denitrogenates the phosphorus effect.One-level free surface wetland is removed the suspended substance in the water, effectively protects the zeolite current wetland; Adopt the filler of big particle diameter to make up current wetland, anti-stop element stops up.Zeolite has the selection absorption property to ammonia nitrogen, and anti-ammonia nitrogen impact capacity is strong, and slag is beneficial to the removal of phosphorus, and the microbial film of filling surface growth can be strengthened the degraded of pollutent.The free surface wetland adopts the intensified water-layout system, can make current distributed uniform in wetland, increases effective residence time, improves removal effect.Whole technology has stronger capacity of resisting impact load, and the maximum hydraulic load of system can reach 0.5m
3/ m
2D, the clearance of total suspended solid, total nitrogen, total phosphorus is respectively 70%～80%, 45%～55%, 55%～65%, and minimum hydraulic detention time foreshortens to 0.5～1.0d.
The present invention has the broadband hydraulic load, the packing material size of optimizing distributes and wetland structure, configuration adaptability is good, the hygrophyte of good purification, be suitable for handling the storm runoff and the dirty waste water of big flow, have that land area is few, nitrogen phosphorus removal effect is good, capacity of resisting impact load is strong, working cost is low, manageable characteristics.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the compound Wetland ecological method and the system process figure thereof of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution control.
Fig. 2 is a zeolite current wetland structural representation.
Fig. 3 is an intensified water-layout System planes synoptic diagram.
Among the figure: the 1-settling pit; 2-one-level free surface wetland; 3-zeolite current wetland; 4-secondary free surface wetland; The 5-ordinary water-level; 6-cloth mill weir; The 7-top water-level; The 8-zeolite; The 9-slag; 10-soil; The 11-rubble; The 12-plant; The 13-distributing flue; The 14-braiding channel; 15-cloth waterwall; 16-cloth water channel; The 100-water inlet; The 200-water outlet.
Embodiment
Describe principle of work of the present invention and embodiment in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
The compound Wetland ecological method of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution control of the present invention makes full use of the water power of runoff or dirty waste water, does not need energy consumption, in the plug-flow mode, as shown in Figure 1, the settling pit 1 of flowing through, one-level free surface artificial swamp 2, zeolite current wetland 3, secondary free surface artificial swamp 4.System can move between ordinary water-level 5 and top water-level 7, has certain capacity of resisting impact load, is suitable for handling storm runoff.
Storm runoff or dirty waste water flow in the settling pit 1, remove coarse particles and suspended substance, and being provided with of settling pit increased system's capacity of resisting impact load.Effusive water enters one-level free surface wetland 2 by cloth mill weir 6 along cloth water channel 16 in the settling pit, the local advantage hygrophyte of plantation on wetland.One-level free surface artificial swamp has interception suspended substance, removal part nitrogen, phosphorus, effectively prevents that the zeolite current wetland from stopping up, alleviating the function of zeolite current wetland pollutant load, prolongation zeolite current wetland usage period, increase system capacity of resisting impact load.
Effusive water is introduced zeolite current wetland 3 in the one-level free surface artificial swamp, as shown in Figure 2, come water 100 in distributing flue 13, evenly to flow through zeolite 8 and slag 9 packing layers, enter braiding channel 14 through rubble 11, cloth waterwall 15 again via cloth waterwall 15, rubble 11.At packing layer top mulching soil 10, plantation hygrophyte 12 on the soil.Pollutents such as the suspended substance in runoff or the dirty waste water, total nitrogen, total phosphorus obtain removing under the comprehensive action of zeolite current wetland mesolite/slag-soil-microorganism-botanical system.
Adopting the zeolite current wetland is characteristic of the present invention.Utilize on the one hand zeolite in the zeolite current wetland to the selective adsorption function of ammonia nitrogen, the ammonia nitrogen in the planar water fast, its clearance temperature influence is less; Utilize on the other hand that the zeolite specific surface area is big, the characteristics of a large amount of microorganisms of surface growth, the effect of enhanced biological nitrification and denitrification.Simultaneously, system can realize the regeneration of zeolite by biological action, make it keep the adsorptive power that continues, its mechanism of action is: exist dynamic ammonia nitrogen absorption and resolving in the zeolite current wetland, under the effect of nitrobacteria, be converted into nitrate by the ammonia nitrogen of zeolite adsorption, make that the adsorption potential of zeolite surface is emptied, zeolite possesses the ability of absorption ammonia nitrogen again.Compare with the typical current wetland that with rubble, medium sand, gravel is filler, under dark close, the condition that hydraulic detention time is similar of bed, the zeolite current wetland significantly improves ammonia-N removal rate.
Slag has bigger specific surface area, and the microbial film enhanced biological nitration denitrification process by its surface forms is beneficial to the removal of phosphorus simultaneously.
The zeolite current wetland adopts large particle size filler, utilizes the characteristics of zeolite to the ammonia nitrogen selective adsorption, make it have stronger capacity of resisting impact load, the ability of particularly anti-ammonia nitrogen impact load, different with common wet land system, its effect temperature influence of removing ammonia nitrogen is less.
Effusive water 200 flows into secondary free surface artificial swamp by cloth water channel 16 in the zeolite current wetland, the local advantage hygrophyte of plantation on wetland.Secondary free surface artificial swamp is received in not removed nitrate in the bio-regeneration process takes place in the described zeolite current wetland, makes nitrate further obtain transforming, and strengthens the removal of nitrogen phosphorus.Therefore this unit has important effect, constitutes with current wetland to organically combine, and improves the clearance of entire system.
As shown in Figure 3, in above-mentioned one-level free surface artificial swamp and secondary free surface artificial swamp, all adopt the intensified water-layout system, the feed-water end of artificial swamp is provided with zig-zag concrete cloth mill weir 6, each import is dug vertical cloth water channel 14 along the wetland length direction, canal length accounts for 25%～50% of wetland length, dark 0.3～0.4m, and the cloth water channel is established branch canal on the way, storm runoff or dirty waste water flow into wetland by the cloth water channel, and water (flow) direction is shown in arrow among Fig. 3.Adopt the intensified water-layout system, can effectively avoid short stream, make full use of the wetland area, hydraulic detention time is reached or, prevent because the excessive influence of water impact load to the system purification effect near design load.
A specific embodiment of system of the present invention is as follows:
Storm runoff flows in the settling pit 1 through grid, the area 900m of settling pit
2, the dark 0.6m in pond;
To flow into projected depths by zig-zag concrete cloth mill weir 6 and cloth water channel 16 be 0.2～0.4m to effusive water in the settling pit, the one-level free surface artificial swamp 2 of long-width ratio 〉=2: 1, the residence time 〉=1.5h.One-level free surface artificial swamp area is 4200m
2, local dominant plant of plantation such as hay grass, reed, water peanut, calamus, smartweed etc. on wetland.
Effusive water is introduced zeolite current wetland, the residence time 〉=1.0h in the one-level free surface artificial swamp.The bottom of zeolite current wetland is provided with impervious barrier, long-width ratio 1: 1～4: 1, the gradient 0.3%～1%.Zeolite current wetland front end is provided with distributing flue 13, and the rear end is provided with braiding channel 14, and making into, water 100 evenly flows through the current wetland transverse section; Establish cloth waterwall 15 behind distributing flue He before the braiding channel, water distribution side is within the walls established the rubble district, fills the rubble 11 of diameter 30～50mm, fills length 0.5m, thickness 0.6m; Filling thickness is the filler of 0.4m between two rubble districts, and it is the zeolite 8 of 20～40mm and the slag 9 that particle diameter is 40～60mm that filler adopts particle diameter respectively, and filling length respectively is 7m.The top cladding thickness of filler is the Yunnan red 10 of 0.2m, and the plant of planting on described soil 12 is hay grass and reed, and planting density is 3 strain/rice
2Zeolite current wetland floor space 2500m
2
To flow into projected depths by cloth water channel 16 be 0.2～0.4m to effusive water 200 in the zeolite current wetland, the secondary free surface artificial swamp of long-width ratio 〉=2: 1, the residence time 〉=8h, secondary free surface artificial swamp area 45000m
2, local dominant plant of plantation such as hay grass, reed, water peanut, calamus, smartweed etc. on wetland
Above-mentioned one-level free surface artificial swamp and secondary free surface artificial swamp dig vertical cloth water channel 14 from the ingress along the wetland length direction, and canal length accounts for 25%～50% of wetland length, dark 0.3～0.4m, and the cloth water channel is established branch canal on the way.
Facts have proved: when water inlet is the storm runoff in villages and small towns and farmland, adopt described method of present embodiment and wetland, its water catching area is 4.6km2, and because of the variation of run-off, hydraulic detention time is 0.5～5d.Total suspended solid, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration are respectively 78～860mg/L, 4.41～51.8mg/L, 0.2～4.9mg/L in the runoff, and system is respectively 84%, 54.8% and 65% to the clearance of total suspended solid, total nitrogen and total phosphorus.The total nitrogen of single game storm runoff, the maximum removal amount of total phosphorus are respectively 1476kg nitrogen, 66.4kg phosphorus.
Claims (6)
1. the compound Wetland ecological method of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution control is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
1) guiding storm runoff or dirty waste water flow into the settling pit that can remove coarse particles and suspended substance;
2) effusive water flows into one-level free surface artificial swamp by the cloth water channel in the settling pit, the residence time 〉=1.5h, the interception suspended substance, remove part nitrogen, phosphorus, plant local advantage hygrophyte in the described one-level free surface artificial swamp, and be provided with zig-zag concrete cloth mill weir at the feed-water end of wetland, described each import of cloth mill weir is provided with vertical cloth water channel along the wetland length direction, the cloth water channel is established branch canal on the way, and the canal length of described cloth water channel accounts for 25%～50% of wetland length, dark 0.3～0.4m;
3) effusive water in the one-level free surface artificial swamp is introduced the zeolite current wetland that contains zeolite and slag, the residence time 〉=1.0h strengthens the removal of nitrogen phosphorus; Described zeolite current wetland is made up of distributing flue, bed body and braiding channel; Both sides are provided with the cloth waterwall before and after the bed body, and water distribution side within the walls is filled with the rubble of diameter 30～50mm, fills length 0.5m; Bed body middle lower portion is filled filler, and described filler is zeolite and slag; Bed body top cladding thickness is the soil of 0.2～0.3m, the aquatic tube bank emergent of plantation on the soil;
4) effusive water flows into secondary free surface artificial swamp by the cloth water channel in the zeolite current wetland, the residence time 〉=8h, the local advantage hygrophyte of plantation in the described secondary free surface artificial swamp, and be provided with zig-zag concrete cloth mill weir at the feed-water end of wetland, described each import of cloth mill weir is provided with vertical cloth water channel along the wetland length direction, the cloth water channel is established branch canal on the way, and the canal length of described cloth water channel accounts for 25%～50% of wetland length, dark 0.3～0.4m; Described secondary free surface artificial swamp is received in not removed nitrate in the bio-regeneration process takes place in the described zeolite current wetland, makes nitrate further obtain transforming, and strengthens the removal of nitrogen phosphorus.
2. realize the system of compound according to claim 1 Wetland ecological method, it is characterized in that: this system comprises placed in-line settling pit, one-level free surface artificial swamp, zeolite current wetland and secondary free surface artificial swamp successively;
Described zeolite current wetland is made up of distributing flue, bed body and braiding channel; Both sides are provided with the cloth waterwall before and after the bed body, and water distribution side within the walls is filled with the rubble of diameter 30～50mm, fills length 0.5m; Bed body middle lower portion is filled filler, and described filler is zeolite and slag; Bed body top cladding thickness is the soil of 0.2～0.3m, the aquatic tube bank emergent of plantation on the soil;
The local advantage hygrophyte of plantation in the described free surface artificial swamp, and be provided with zig-zag concrete cloth mill weir at the feed-water end of each wetland, described each import of cloth mill weir is provided with vertical cloth water channel along the wetland length direction, the cloth water channel is established branch canal on the way, the canal length of described cloth water channel accounts for 25%～50% of wetland length, dark 0.3～0.4m.
3. compound Wetlands ecosystems according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the particle diameter of described zeolite current wetland mesolite is 20～40mm, and the particle diameter of slag is 40～60mm.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described compound Wetlands ecosystems, it is characterized in that: the long-width ratio of described zeolite current wetland 1: 1～4: 1, the gradient are 0.3%～1%.
5. according to claim 2 or 3 described compound Wetlands ecosystems, it is characterized in that: described aquatic tube bank emergent is one or more in hay grass, reed or the calamus, planting density 2～3 strain/rice of described plant
2
6. according to claim 2 or 3 described compound Wetlands ecosystems, it is characterized in that: the depth of packing of described zeolite current wetland is 0.4～0.8m.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN100411755C (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2008-08-20 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Method for effectively preventing and harnessing soil phosphor loss |
| CN100395193C (en) * | 2005-09-06 | 2008-06-18 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | System of purifying landscape water body and operational method thereof |
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2003
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100340499C (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2007-10-03 | 云南今业生态建设集团环保工程有限公司 | Polluted water land disposal method using light haydite as main stuffing |
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