CN118043386A - 包含无卤素阻燃剂的开孔蜜胺树脂泡沫 - Google Patents
包含无卤素阻燃剂的开孔蜜胺树脂泡沫 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118043386A CN118043386A CN202280066160.9A CN202280066160A CN118043386A CN 118043386 A CN118043386 A CN 118043386A CN 202280066160 A CN202280066160 A CN 202280066160A CN 118043386 A CN118043386 A CN 118043386A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- melamine resin
- resin foam
- flame retardant
- halogen
- free flame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound O=C.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 IVJISJACKSSFGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- -1 (polyoxyethylene) methylphosphonate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BOGPJCSEPHXJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-hydroxypropyl(2-methylpropyl)phosphanyl]propan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCP(CC(C)C)CCCO BOGPJCSEPHXJES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MRVZORUPSXTRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphorylmethanol Chemical compound OCP(=O)(CO)CO MRVZORUPSXTRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005538 phosphinite group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000006577 C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N tert-butyl-[(1r,3s,5z)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-(2-diphenylphosphorylethylidene)-4-methylidenecyclohexyl]oxy-dimethylsilane Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=C)\C1=C/CP(=O)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MDDUHVRJJAFRAU-YZNNVMRBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIAWCKFOFPPVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyladamantane Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC1C(CC)C2C3 LIAWCKFOFPPVGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005682 EO-PO block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003109 Karl Fischer titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical group OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate Chemical compound BrCC(Br)COP(=O)(OCC(Br)CBr)OCC(Br)CBr PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTVWRXDRKAHEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(=O)(OCC(CC)CCCC)OCC(CC)CCCC GTVWRXDRKAHEAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006177 alkyl benzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004786 cone calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004620 low density foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GUSFEBGYPWJUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaazanium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O GUSFEBGYPWJUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005375 photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N protonated dimethyl amine Natural products CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical group CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZZBTMVTLBHJHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)COP(=O)(OCC(Cl)CCl)OCC(Cl)CCl JZZBTMVTLBHJHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0038—Use of organic additives containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/026—Crosslinking before of after foaming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Abstract
本发明提供包含至少一种选自氧化膦、次膦酸酯或膦酸酯的无卤素阻燃剂的蜜胺树脂泡沫、用于生产蜜胺树脂泡沫的方法以及蜜胺树脂泡沫用于隔音和/或隔热的用途,该方法包括使用微波辐射加热和发泡含水混合物M,所述混合物M包含至少一种蜜胺‑甲醛预缩合物、至少一种选自氧化膦、次膦酸酯或膦酸酯的无卤素阻燃剂、至少一种固化剂、至少一种表面活性剂和至少一种吹膨剂。
Description
本发明涉及具有开孔结构的包含选自氧化膦、次膦酸酯或膦酸酯的无卤素阻燃剂的蜜胺树脂泡沫、用于制备这种蜜胺树脂泡沫的方法以及它们用于隔音和/或隔热的用途。
相关的现有技术
EP 1 146 070 A2涉及具有改进的耐火性的开孔蜜胺树脂泡沫,其中孔骨架的表面涂覆有作为阻燃剂的磷酸铵盐,特别是正磷酸铵和多磷酸铵。具有阻燃涂层的蜜胺树脂泡沫通常显示出较高的甲醛排放。
CN 107987466 A公开了通过使用作为发泡助剂的石油醚和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的组合、硫化橡胶、开孔剂和作为阻燃剂的磷酸酯来制备蜜胺甲醛泡沫。优选地,阻燃剂是磷酸三丁酯、三(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯、三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯、三(2,3-二氯丙基)磷酸酯、三(2,3-二溴丙基)磷酸酯、磷酸甲苯基-二苯基酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸三苯酯或磷酸(2-乙基己基)-二苯基酯。
CN 107903579 A公开了一种具有良好防火和阻燃性质、拉伸强度和隔音性质的热压蜜胺树脂泡沫。该制备方法包括以下步骤:取蜜胺甲醛树脂,依次加入发泡剂、表面活性剂、阻燃剂、开孔剂和固化剂,混合,均匀搅拌,放入微波发泡炉中发泡,然后切割泡沫,进行热压压缩。
WO 2017/125414公开了聚氨酯气凝胶,其通过添加具有至少一个对异氰酸酯具有反应性的官能团的磷化合物到凝胶形成组合物而具有高孔隙率、低密度和足够高的机械稳定性以及良好的阻燃性。
EP 1142939 A2涉及无卤素、水吹膨、阻燃的硬质聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法和烷氧基化烷基膦酸作为阻燃剂的用途。
US2011-023057涉及包含发泡颗粒的阻燃复合泡沫,该发泡颗粒包含24重量%至95重量%苯乙烯聚合物和1重量%至65重量%固化改性或发泡氨基塑料树脂以及0.1重量%至20重量%作为阻燃剂的有机磷化合物。所得复合泡沫的密度在35g/l至50g/l范围内。
阻燃剂通常在发泡前加入到树脂和吹膨剂的混合物中,或在泡沫制备后作为涂料施用。向蜜胺-甲醛预聚物混合物中添加固体阻燃剂通常会在发泡期间干扰孔形成和孔打开,从而导致低机械性能或泡沫塌缩。通过喷雾或浸渍将固体阻燃剂浸渍到泡沫中使得需要进一步的浸渍步骤和悬浮液的制备。对于厚泡沫样品,悬浮液稳定性、压延和干燥通常是困难的。
本发明的目的是提供一种具有足够机械稳定性、低密度和低甲醛排放的无卤素阻燃开孔蜜胺树脂泡沫。
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供一种具有开孔结构的蜜胺树脂泡沫,其包含无卤素阻燃剂,该无卤素阻燃剂选自氧化膦、次膦酸酯或膦酸酯;以及一种用于制备具有开孔结构的蜜胺树脂泡沫的方法,包括使用微波辐射加热和发泡含水混合物M,所述混合物M包含蜜胺树脂泡沫颗粒、至少一种蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物、至少一种固化剂、至少一种表面活性剂、至少一种选自氧化膦、次膦酸酯或膦酸酯的液体无卤素阻燃剂和至少一种吹膨剂。
根据本发明的蜜胺树脂泡沫包含至少一种选自氧化膦、次膦酸酯或膦酸酯的无卤素阻燃剂。至少一种是指一种无卤素阻燃剂或两种或更多种无卤素阻燃剂的混合物。优选地,蜜胺树脂泡沫无卤素并且不含任何卤化阻燃剂或其它卤化添加剂。
优选地,至少一种无卤素阻燃剂与蜜胺树脂化学键合。无卤素阻燃剂的以下性质是指与蜜胺树脂化学键合之前的性质。液体是指无卤素阻燃剂在与蜜胺树脂化学键合之前在环境条件(25℃,101.325kPa)下为液体。优选地,粘度在100MPa*s至700MPa*s的范围内,在25℃下用Brookfield粘度计测定。优选地,通过双重Karl-Fischer滴定测定的羟值在400mg KOH/g至500mg KOH/g的范围内。优选地,无卤素阻燃剂的磷含量在10%-13%(w/w)的范围内,如在氧化溶解后通过光度测定法所测定。
优选地,至少一种无卤素阻燃剂是液体氧化膦、次膦酸酯或膦酸酯化合物。液体是指有机磷化合物在掺入蜜胺树脂泡沫之前在环境条件(25℃,101.325kPa)下是液体。更优选地,至少一种无卤素阻燃剂是液体氧化磷、次膦酸酯或膦酸酯和氧化态在+2与+4之间的磷。更优选地,至少一种无卤素阻燃剂选自以下结构I-III
其中R1、R2和R3相同或不同
R1、R2:直链或支链C1-C6烷基、直链或支链C1-C6羟烷基;
R3:直链或支链C1-C6烷基、直链或支链C1-C6羟烷基、双
(C1-C6羟烷基)氨基C1-C6烷基。
R1、R2和R3可以通过醚基基团桥连
优选地,R1、R2和R3为
R1、R2:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丁基、羟甲基、羟乙基、羟丙基、
聚氧乙烯、双(羟乙基)氨甲基;
R3:甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、异丁基、异丁基。
最优选地,至少一种无卤素阻燃剂选自三(羟甲基)氧化膦、双(聚氧乙烯)甲基膦酸酯、双(3-羟丙基)异丁基膦、膦酸二乙基双(羟乙基)氨基甲酯。
无卤素阻燃剂优选基于蜜胺树脂泡沫以0.5重量%至40重量%的总量,更优选以2.5重量%至25重量%的总量,最优选以5重量%至20重量%的总量存在。
优选地,开孔蜜胺树脂泡沫包含75重量%至99重量%、更优选80重量%至95重量%的固化蜜胺树脂。最优选地,开孔蜜胺树脂基本上由80重量%至95重量%的固化蜜胺树脂和5重量%至20重量%的无卤素阻燃剂组成。
蜜胺树脂泡沫优选具有开孔结构和根据DIN ISO 4590测量的大于50%,优选95%或更高,最优选98%至100%的开孔含量。
优选地,蜜胺树脂泡沫的密度在以下范围内:5kg/m3至15kg/m3,更优选地6kg/m3至12kg/m3。
优选地,开孔蜜胺树脂泡沫的肖氏硬度000在35N至75N的范围内,根据ASTM D2240测量。
优选地,开孔蜜胺树脂的甲醛排放在5mg FA/kg至15mg FA/kg泡沫样品的范围内,根据EN 14184测量。
蜜胺泡沫可以如WO 2009/021963中所述制备。根据本发明的蜜胺-树脂泡沫优选通过包括使用微波辐射加热和发泡含水混合物M的方法生产,所述混合物M包含至少一种蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物、至少一种液体无卤素阻燃剂、至少一种固化剂、至少一种表面活性剂和至少一种吹膨剂。可以将蜜胺树脂泡沫在120℃-300℃之间的温度下回火。
为了实现与蜜胺树脂的粘结,在根据本发明的方法中使用的至少一种无卤素阻燃剂对蜜胺树脂或蜜胺树脂前体是反应性的。优选地,至少一种无卤素阻燃剂具有能够与蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物反应的官能团。优选地,至少一种无卤素阻燃剂具有羟基基团作为官能团,最优选每分子具有2或3个官能团。在该方法中使用的至少一种无卤素阻燃剂优选具有如上所述的性质并且基于蜜胺蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物以0.5重量%至40重量%的总量、更优选以5重量%至20重量%的总量使用。
可以单独制备蜜胺/甲醛预缩合物,或者可以使用两种组分(蜜胺和甲醛)的市售预缩合物。优选地,使用了蜜胺与甲醛的摩尔比在以下范围内的蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物:1:5至1:1.3,更优选1:3.5至1:1.5。优选地,数均分子量Mn在200g/mol至1000g/mol的范围内。优选的是未改性的蜜胺/甲醛预缩合物。
可以将阴离子、阳离子和非离子表面活性剂以及它们的混合物用作分散剂/乳化剂。
可用的阴离子表面活性剂包括例如二苯醚磺酸盐、链烷和烷基苯磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐、烯烃磺酸盐、烷基醚磺酸盐、脂肪醇硫酸盐、醚硫酸盐、α-磺基脂肪酸酯、酰基氨基链烷磺酸盐、酰基羟乙基磺酸盐、烷基醚羧酸盐、N-酰基肌氨酸盐、烷基和烷基醚磷酸盐。可用的非离子表面活性剂包括烷基酚聚乙二醇醚、脂肪醇聚乙二醇醚、脂肪酸聚乙二醇醚、脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺、氧化乙烯-氧化丙烯嵌段共聚物、氧化胺、甘油脂肪酸酯、脱水山梨醇酯和烷基多糖苷。可用的阳离子乳化剂包括例如烷基三铵盐、烷基苄基二甲基铵盐和烷基吡啶鎓盐。
分散剂/乳化剂可以以基于蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物计0.2重量%至5重量%的量加入。
优选地,混合物M包含表面活性剂混合物,该表面活性剂混合物包含50重量%至90重量%的至少一种阴离子表面活性剂和10重量%至50重量%的至少一种非离子表面活性剂的混合物,其中重量百分比各自基于表面活性剂混合物的总重量。
作为固化剂,可以使用催化蜜胺树脂进一步缩合的酸性化合物。全部基于预缩合物计,这些固化剂的量通常在0.01重量%至20重量%的范围内,并且优选在0.05重量%至5重量%的范围内。可用的酸性化合物包括例如选自以下的有机和无机酸:盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、硝酸、甲酸、乙酸、草酸、甲苯磺酸、氨基磺酸、酸酐以及它们的混合物。优选地,将甲酸用作固化剂。
混合物进一步包含至少一种吹膨剂。以液体形式或空气、氮气或二氧化碳作为气体,可用的物理吹膨剂包括例如烃,诸如戊烷、己烷、卤化烃,更特别是氯化和/或氟化烃,例如二氯甲烷、氯仿、三氯乙烷、氯氟烃、氢氯氟烃(HCFC);醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇或异丙醇;醚;酮;以及酯,例如甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯或乙酸乙酯。
吹膨剂在混合物中的量通常取决于期望的泡沫密度。优选地,相对于蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物的量选择为使得泡沫的密度为5kg/m3至15kg/m3,更优选6kg/m3至12kg/m3的量。吹膨剂优选地以基于蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物计0.5重量%至60重量%,优选1重量%至40重量%,并且更优选1.5重量%至30重量%的量存在于混合物中。优选加入沸点在0℃与80℃之间的物理吹膨剂。最优选地,将戊烷用作吹膨剂。
通常通过加热蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物的悬浮液来使预缩合物发泡以获得发泡材料。
能量的引入可以优选地经由电磁辐射,例如经由在0.2GHz至100GHz,优选0.5GHz至10GHz的频率范围下5kW至400kW,优选5kW至200kW,并且更优选9kW至120kW每千克所用混合物的高频辐射来进行。磁控管是可用的介电辐射源,并且可以使用一个磁控管或者同时使用两个或更多个磁控管。
最后可以将所产生的发泡材料干燥,从而从泡沫中除去残留的水和吹膨剂。干燥优选地于40℃-200℃,特别优选100℃-150℃范围内的温度在干燥箱中进行直至恒重。所描述的方法提供了发泡材料的块或板,其可以被切割成任何期望形状的尺寸。
优选地,该方法用于使优选得自生产工厂的蜜胺树脂泡沫(该蜜胺树脂泡沫被生产为具有期望规格之外的特性)的蜜胺树脂泡沫废料再循环。本发明的另一主题是一种用于蜜胺树脂泡沫再循环的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
a)由至少一种蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物、至少一种固化剂、至少一种表面活性剂、至少一种液体阻燃剂和至少一种吹膨剂形成含水混合物M,
b)使用微波辐射来加热和发泡含水混合物M以产生蜜胺树脂泡沫,以及
c)任选地将步骤d)中获得的蜜胺树脂泡沫在120℃-300℃之间的温度下回火
由根据本发明的方法制备的蜜胺树脂泡沫可以通过以下方法进行后处理:
1.热压缩以获得具有更高密度、更好耐久性和清洁行为的泡沫。
2.疏水化以获得具有更低水摄入的泡沫以及
3.任选地,浸渍阻燃剂以进一步改善火灾情况下的FST性质(火焰、烟雾、毒性)。
在WO 2011/134778中描述了用于生产基于蜜胺-甲醛树脂的具有各向异性机械特性的弹性压缩发泡材料的方法,该方法包括压缩该柔软的、未固化的蜜胺-甲醛发泡材料并将所获得的发泡材料固化和干燥的步骤。
如WO 2007/023118中所述,可以通过用氟碳树脂和/或硅树脂浸渍并用阻燃物质诸如硅酸盐、硼酸盐、氢氧化物或磷酸盐进行附加浸渍来实现亲水化。
使用至少一种对蜜胺树脂或蜜胺树脂前体具有反应性的液体无卤素阻燃剂,可以生产在火灾情况下具有高炭形成的蜜胺树脂泡沫。根据本发明的蜜胺树脂泡沫令人惊讶地具有低甲醛排放。它们可用于隔音和/或隔热。
实施例
在下文中,参考实施例更详细和具体地描述了本发明,然而这些实施例并非旨在限制本发明。
测量方法:
冲压力值[N]:
用于评价蜜胺树脂泡沫的机械质量的冲压力测量全部如下进行。将直径为8mm且高度为10cm的圆柱形冲头沿发泡方向以90%的角度压入直径为11cm且高度为5cm的圆柱形样品中,直至样品破裂。撕裂力[N],在下文中也称为冲压力值,提供关于泡沫质量的信息。
肖氏硬度:
根据ASTM D 2240进行测量。对于低密度泡沫的测量,使用000的标度(球体直径2.4mm,弹簧力1.111N)。
甲醛测量:
根据EN 14184进行甲醛排放测量。结果以mg Fa/kg样品给出。
炭形成
根据ISO 5660-1在阻燃性测试后通过锥形量热法测量炭形成。残炭率计算为初始质量减去质量损失的差值,以重量百分比计的。残炭率越高,阻燃效果越好。使用以下测试装配:
热通量:50kW/m2
标称管道流速:24l/s
采样间隔: 2s
间隔: 25mm
样品厚度 50mm
样品几何尺寸100mm×100mm
所用材料:
MF平均分子量(数均)M为350g/mol且蜜胺:甲醛的摩尔比为1:3的蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物,其除了蜜胺之外不包含其它热固性形成物,并且除了甲醛之外不包含其它醛,并且其不含亚硫酸根基团。
T1 C12/C14-烷基硫酸盐(钠盐)。
T2烷基聚乙二醇醚,其由直链饱和C16/C18脂肪醇制成。
阻燃剂:
实施例1至4:
在实验室中制备蜜胺树脂泡沫:将100g喷雾干燥的蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物(摩尔比1:3)溶于40g水中,然后加入1.5g C12/C14-烷基磺酸钠和3g甲酸钠。此后,将阻燃剂FR1至FR4以表3中所列的量添加到混合物中,并将含水混合物搅拌60秒。然后,在t0向混合物中加入17.8g戊烷作为吹膨剂和3.1g甲酸。将混合物搅拌30分钟,随后转移到丙烯模具中发泡。通过微波能量支持发泡。发泡完成后,将泡沫脱模并在烘箱中在100℃下干燥6小时。
与具有FR 5和FR6的比较例C1和C2相比,实施例1至4的蜜胺树脂泡沫表现出令人惊讶地低的甲醛(FA)排放和更好的机械性质。5%或更多的炭形成应该是高的,以便建立足够的保护性碳层。
比较例:
FR5:多磷酸铵(Exolit 422,Clariant)
FR6:氢氧化铝(Apyral,Nabaltec)
Claims (15)
1.一种具有开孔结构的开孔蜜胺树脂泡沫,包含至少一种选自氧化膦、次膦酸酯或膦酸酯的无卤素阻燃剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蜜胺树脂泡沫,其中所述蜜胺树脂泡沫具有根据DINISO 4590测量的大于50%的开孔含量。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的蜜胺树脂泡沫,其中所述蜜胺树脂泡沫的密度在5kg/m3至15kg/m3的范围内。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的蜜胺树脂泡沫,其中所述蜜胺树脂泡沫包含75重量%至99重量%的固化蜜胺树脂。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的蜜胺树脂泡沫,其中所述至少一种无卤素阻燃剂选自三(羟甲基)氧化膦、双(聚氧乙烯)甲基膦酸酯、双(3-羟丙基)异丁基膦、膦酸二乙基双(羟乙基)氨基甲酯。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的蜜胺树脂泡沫,其中所述无卤素阻燃剂基于所述蜜胺树脂泡沫以0.5重量%至40重量%的总量存在。
7.一种用于制备根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的开孔蜜胺树脂泡沫的方法,包括使用微波辐射加热和发泡含水混合物M,所述混合物M包含至少一种蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物、至少一种选自氧化膦、次膦酸酯或膦酸酯的无卤素阻燃剂、至少一种固化剂、至少一种表面活性剂和至少一种吹膨剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述至少一种无卤素阻燃剂具有能够与所述蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物反应的官能团。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述至少一种无卤素阻燃剂具有2至3个羟基基团作为官能团。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述至少一种无卤素阻燃剂选自三(羟甲基)氧化膦、双(聚氧乙烯)甲基膦酸酯、双(3-羟丙基)异丁基膦、膦酸二乙基双(羟乙基)氨基甲酯。
11.根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的方法,其中所述混合物M包含表面活性剂混合物,所述表面活性剂混合物包含50重量%至90重量%的至少一种阴离子表面活性剂和10重量%至50重量%的至少一种非离子表面活性剂的混合物,其中重量百分比各自基于所述表面活性剂混合物的总重量。
12.根据权利要求7至11中任一项所述的方法,其中将甲酸用作固化剂。
13.根据权利要求7至12中任一项所述的方法,其中将戊烷用作吹膨剂。
14.根据权利要求7至13中任一项所述的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)由至少一种蜜胺-甲醛预缩合物、至少一种液体无卤素阻燃剂、至少一种固化剂、至少一种表面活性剂和至少一种吹膨剂形成含水混合物M,
b)使用微波辐射来加热和发泡所述含水混合物M以产生蜜胺树脂泡沫,以及
c)任选地将步骤d)中获得的所述蜜胺树脂泡沫在120℃-300℃之间的温度下回火。
15.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的蜜胺树脂泡沫用于隔音和/或隔热的用途。
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DE3808275A1 (de) * | 1988-03-12 | 1989-09-21 | Bayer Ag | Brandschutzelemente |
DE10014596C2 (de) | 2000-03-27 | 2002-06-27 | Clariant Gmbh | Halogenfreier, wassergetriebener flammwidriger Polyurethanhartschaum und ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
DE10018768A1 (de) | 2000-04-15 | 2001-10-18 | Basf Ag | Melaminharz-Schaumstoff |
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JP2008092706A (ja) | 2006-10-03 | 2008-04-17 | Nippon Densan Corp | ブラシレスモータおよびこれを搭載するディスク駆動装置 |
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US20110230578A1 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-09-22 | Basf Se | Flame-retardant composite foam |
WO2011134778A1 (de) | 2010-04-29 | 2011-11-03 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung elastischer, komprimierter schaumstoffe auf basis von melamin/formaldehydharzen |
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