CN1179709C - 可前后向调节的膝盖支架 - Google Patents

可前后向调节的膝盖支架 Download PDF

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CN1179709C
CN1179709C CNB998134406A CN99813440A CN1179709C CN 1179709 C CN1179709 C CN 1179709C CN B998134406 A CNB998134406 A CN B998134406A CN 99813440 A CN99813440 A CN 99813440A CN 1179709 C CN1179709 C CN 1179709C
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简·F·A·史密茨
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61F5/0102Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations
    • A61F5/0123Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations for the knees
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    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/0102Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations
    • A61F2005/0132Additional features of the articulation
    • A61F2005/0134Additional features of the articulation with two orthogonal pivots

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Abstract

本发明涉及可前后向调节的膝盖支架,即用于支持治疗骨关节病的可把膝盖铰链矫正成外翻或内翻的支架或矫正支架。该膝盖支架包括大腿套箍(1)和小腿套箍(2),该大腿套箍和小腿套箍由一仅设置在膝盖支架一侧的铰链部(3)相连。根据本发明,铰链部可提供前后向的矫正力,以将膝盖的位置矫正成外翻或内翻。特别是,铰链部包括一个机构,其可以被锁定在一弯曲或角度位置,从而提供前后向的矫正力。

Description

可前后向调节的膝盖支架
                         发明背景
本发明涉及可前后向调节的膝盖支架,即用于支持治疗骨关节病的可把膝盖铰链矫正成外翻或内翻的支架或矫正支架。本发明的膝盖支架的特征是,具有一特定的铰链部,其对连接至患者的腿上的大腿套箍和小腿套箍提供一个矫正力,以矫正患者膝关节的位置,特别是在腿伸展的过程中进行调节。
                         现有技术
膝盖将股骨连接至胫骨上,并且受到韧带和软骨的控制。股骨和胫骨之间跨过软骨接触,在膝盖的每一侧具有所谓的腔隙或空间。中层腔隙在膝盖的内侧,横向的腔隙在膝盖的外侧。
健康的膝关节在中层和横向的压力都是均匀分布的。
可能发生在中层腔隙或横向的腔隙的单一腔隙骨关节病会导致膝盖的机械功能紊乱,横跨膝盖出现了压力的不均匀分布,导致中层腔隙骨关节病的膝盖内侧或横向腔隙骨关节病的膝盖外侧过度磨损。
单一腔隙骨关节病可能由创伤由由于年龄而发生。随着该病的发展,股骨和胫骨之间的腔隙会减小。问题可能发展到腔隙消失、股骨和胫骨相接触的程度。在这样的情况下,可能发生对胫骨的侵蚀。
在该疾病下,股骨和胫骨之间的正常角度可能发生变化。对脚后跟的冲击而出现的横向推力通常伴随着增加了股骨和胫骨之间的失准。这倾向于在另外一侧拉伤韧带,对膝关节也有不良影响,这更加重了对胫骨的侵蚀。
另外的麻烦是,随着腔隙的减小,会出现转动迟缓。这是由于韧带的连接点移动得更近,并且骨骼也在恶化,从而导致韧带的松弛。
已经知道的膝关节矫正装置有许多种。一种膝盖支架包括两侧的可靠铰链连接,即横向和中层的铰链机构,其提供了膝关节的或多或少的自然运动,对减轻痛苦提供了理性的支持,对行走有辅助作用,等等。然而,由于有横向端的中层的铰链机构,在前平面内不可能把该矫正装置调节至内翻或外翻。
另外一种矫正装置是单侧的膝盖铰链,即仅在一侧具有铰链机构,在US 5,277,698中可以看到其中一个例子。在该膝盖支架中,通过采用包括圆形铰链元件的铰链机构可以减小前后向的调节。该膝盖支架可通过可跨过膝盖收紧的横向包带对膝盖施加一个力。该膝盖支架还包括多轴铰链机构。
另外一个单侧的膝盖铰链的例子可以从US 5,458,565中看到。在该膝盖支架中,通过采用转动铰链机构和可膨胀、可收缩的含流体的垫,可以产生一个恢复力,该含流体的垫位于铰链机构和膝盖铰链之间。该恢复力可通过选择垫的膨胀和收缩进行调节。该膝盖支架还包括多轴齿轮传动铰链机构。
这种膝盖支架的问题是,多轴铰链机构不能对膝关节提供最可能的自然运动。另外,横向包带和含流体的垫体积大,难于调节至正确的矫正力。
本发明采用了另外一种方法提供了矫正力,从而避免了上述问题。在本发明中,铰链机构可以调节,以在大腿套箍和小腿套箍上提供矫正力。另外,膝盖支架包括一个四轴的铰链,其提供了更自然的运动,模拟了膝盖的运动。
                       发明概述
本发明提供了一种可前后向调节的膝盖支架,其包括大腿套箍和小腿套箍,该大腿套箍和小腿套箍由一仅设置在膝盖支架一侧的铰链部相连。
根据本发明,铰链部可提供前后向的矫正力,以将膝盖的位置矫正成外翻或内翻。特别是,铰链部包括一倾斜机构,其可以被锁定在一角度位置,从而提供前后向的矫正力。
本发明由所附权利要求1进行限定,而其它的推荐实施例由从属权利要求公开。
                      对附图的简要说明
以下结合附图可本发明进行详细说明,其中:
图1是根据本发明的膝盖支架的前视图,该膝盖支架连接至患者的右腿上;
图2是根据本发明的膝盖支架的侧视图,该膝盖支架连接至患者的左腿上;
图3是根据本发明的铰链元件的侧视图;和
图4是铰链元件的横截面的前视图。
预制成的膝盖矫正器在总体上设计成稳定前轴的运动。由于这些设计的特性,可以在一定程度上控制屈伸。如果由于任何原因需要在前平面内对膝盖的准直进行矫正,需要定做的支架或完全不同设计的支架。如果除了屈曲,需要根据前后向的轴进行调节以释放中层的或横向的腔隙,铰链或框架就需要不同的功能。为改变立柱以适应外翻或内翻而采用第二铰链变得困难,这是因为立柱要伸长和缩短。除了这些实际的原因,单横向铰链要容易得多地被对准,也可得益于间隙。由于这些类型的支架主要用于支持治疗骨关节病,并因此用于最大限度地减轻痛苦和保护膝关节,铰链的运动应该尽可能服从自然的运动,以防止关节表面之间不必要的摩擦。大腿套箍和小腿套箍的功能是分散压力,最大限度地保持正确的位置。由于膝关节的生物力学的性质,只可能从30度屈曲至完全伸直的范围改变膝盖的准直。幸运地是,在这个运动范围内也希望释放载荷。我们注意到,采用外翻或内翻的膝盖支架治疗骨关节病还没有得到科学上的证明,尽管如此,在大量的病例中,我们确实可以最大限度地减轻痛苦和更长时间保持膝关节的活动性。
本发明的膝盖支架包括膝铰链、大腿套箍和小腿套箍。
在伸长过程中,膝盖支架(knee brace)可把膝盖的位置矫正至外翻或内翻。在生物力学上,不可能在完全屈曲过程中使膝盖保持在被调节的位置。为了减轻痛苦或从膝盖的中层的或横向的腔隙释放载荷,也不需要这样。从大约30度屈曲至完全伸直的范围,膝盖支架将矫正被调节的外翻或内翻位置。
骨关节病患者的膝盖对各种摩擦或力都敏感,因此,必须防止非生理性的运动。为此,设计了具有“自然运动”膝盖铰链。这个所谓的四轴膝盖铰链随外部运动开始屈曲,随后沿C形铰链运动轨迹转动。在完全伸直的状态下,转动轴位于铰链的胫骨高点和腓骨之上15cm。近处立柱的外部平移是11cm。该铰链包括一倾斜机构,其允许前后向的调节,这在下文中进一步详细说明。尽管该铰链没有设计成防止过度伸直,但具有伸直止挡(未示出)。
在图1和2中,示出的膝盖支架连接至患者的腿(分别是左右腿)上。由复合材料制成的大腿套箍1通过围绕着软组织而夹持在股骨上。其远端延伸至髁,以稳定膝关节。大腿套箍1具有硬区域:横向立柱10、近端大腿带8和远端大腿带9,以实现正确的功能。内侧的垂直立柱11与远端大腿带9和近端大腿带8集成一体。横向的带8、9在横向的两侧是刚性的,以与横向立柱10形成刚性的连接,而横向的带8、9在中间部分较薄,更具柔软性,以进行尺寸调节和感到舒适。大腿套箍1由可调节的背侧包带12封闭。
由复合材料制成的小腿套箍2通过围绕着软组织而夹持在胫骨和腓骨上。其近端延伸至髁,以稳定膝关节。小腿套箍2具有硬区域:横向立柱15、近端小腿带13和远端小腿带14,以实现正确的功能。内侧的垂直立柱16与远端小腿带13和近端小腿带14集成一体。横向的带13、14在横向的两侧是刚性的,以与横向立柱15形成刚性的连接,而横向的带13、14在中间部分较薄,更具柔软性,以进行尺寸调节和感到舒适。小腿套箍2由可调节的背侧包带17封闭。
大腿套箍和小腿套箍都是可以更换的,准备了三种尺寸(小、中、大),以适合于不同尺寸的腿。例如,可以把小尺寸的小腿套箍与中尺寸的大腿套箍相组合,也可以进行其它的组合。
图3示出了铰链元件,没有示出套箍。该铰链元件设置在横向位置为好。铰链部3包括垂直元件20,以使大腿套箍和小腿套箍与铰链板21相连接。该垂直元件上具有孔7,以与各套箍相连接,这在下文文进一步详细说明。该垂直元件具有四个轴18中的两个轴,以实现垂直元件之间的理想的铰链连接。另外两个轴18由一个元件(未示出)相连,这两个轴18位于内侧的铰链板21上。
在图4中,示出了铰链元件及大腿套箍1和小腿套箍2的横截面图。可以看出,垂直元件20与铰链板21相连接,形成了四个铰轴。垂直元件20通过调节连接件与大腿套箍1和小腿套箍2相连接。为了尽可能地进行调节,具有两个调节连接件是适当的,大腿套箍和小腿套箍各具有一个调节连接件。该调节连接件包括倾斜机构4和两对安装在孔7内的螺丝6。孔7是椭圆形的,从而在孔7和螺丝6之间形成有间隙,使角度调节成为可能。倾斜机构在套箍1、2和垂直元件20上分别形成了对应的V形表面4,这样,套箍1、2与垂直元件20在附图标记5处沿前后向的轴(该轴平行于前后向的平面)形成了直线接触。因此,套箍1、2与垂直元件20之间的角度可以通过绕接触直线5处的沿前后向的轴进行倾斜而得到调节。在接触直线5的每一侧都设有一个螺丝6。
倾斜角度通过调节各对螺丝6被设定,即在一个螺丝被紧固的同时,另外一个螺丝被松弛,反之亦然。这样,就得到了可靠的调节连接件。因此,当膝盖支架连接至患者的腿时,铰链板的套箍1、2与垂直元件20之间的角度就产生了一个偏置力,该偏置力的作用是矫正力,从而形成了理想的外翻或内翻位置。
因此,可以看出,本发明的膝盖支架提供了前后向的矫正力,这是由铰链部产生的,没有采用横向夹板或可膨胀垫。通过调节各对螺丝,可以容易地进行力或角度的调节。即使在患者安装着膝盖支架的情况下,也可以进行调节。另外,大腿套箍和小腿套箍都设计成部分刚性的罩,它们牢固地保持在患者的腿上。大腿套箍和小腿套箍可互换成不同的尺寸,这样,膝盖支架可容易地适应于不同尺寸的患者的大腿和小腿。本发明的保护范围仅由所附权利要求书进行限定。

Claims (9)

1.一种可前后向调节的膝盖支架,其包括大腿套箍(1)和小腿套箍(2),该大腿套箍和小腿套箍由一仅设置在膝盖支架一侧的铰链部(3)相连,其中,所述铰链部(3)可提供前后向的矫正力,以通过倾斜机构(4,5)将膝盖的位置矫正成外翻或内翻;这样,各元件之间的角度可以调节,其特征在于,倾斜机构包括相对的V形表面(4),所述V形表面(4)中的一个位于一套箍(1,2)上,而所述V形表面(4)中的另一个位于一垂直元件(20)上,所述垂直元件(20)位于所述大腿套箍(1)和所述小腿套箍(2)之间,这样,所述V形表面(4)沿前后向的轴相互成直线接触(5)。
2.如权利要求1所述的膝盖支架,其特征在于,角度通过调节至少一对螺丝(6)被设定,在接触处(5)的每一侧都设有一个螺丝。
3.如权利要求2所述的膝盖支架,其特征在于,大腿套箍(1)包括一个罩,其包括近端大腿带(8)、远端大腿带(9)、横向立柱(10)、内侧立柱(11)和背侧包带(12)。
4.如权利要求3所述的膝盖支架,其特征在于,大腿套箍(1)的近端大腿带(8)、远端大腿带(9)和横向立柱(10)是刚性的。
5.如上述权利要求其中之一所述的膝盖支架,其特征在于,小腿套箍(2)包括一个罩,其包括近端小腿带(13)、远端小腿带(14)、横向立柱(15)、内侧立柱(16)和背侧包带(17)。
6.如权利要求5所述的膝盖支架,其特征在于,小腿套箍(2)的近端小腿带(13)、远端小腿带(14)和横向立柱(15)是刚性的。
7.如上述权利要求1所述的膝盖支架,其特征在于,大腿套箍(1)和/或小腿套箍(2)可以不同尺寸互换。
8.如上述权利要求1所述的膝盖支架,其特征在于,铰链部包括四轴(18)铰链。
9.如权利要求8所述的膝盖支架,其特征在于,铰链的运动随从C形轨迹,其中,在完全伸直的状态下,铰链转动轴位于铰链的胫骨高点和腓骨之上大约15cm;在运动开始时,近处立柱的外部平移是大约11cm。
CNB998134406A 1998-09-25 1999-09-24 可前后向调节的膝盖支架 Expired - Fee Related CN1179709C (zh)

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EP1115356B1 (en) 2003-11-26
DE69913179T2 (de) 2004-09-09
EP1115356A1 (en) 2001-07-18
PL190682B1 (pl) 2005-12-30
CN1326331A (zh) 2001-12-12
AU6492199A (en) 2000-04-17
JP3548121B2 (ja) 2004-07-28
ATE254896T1 (de) 2003-12-15
AU756921B2 (en) 2003-01-30
JP2002525171A (ja) 2002-08-13
SE9803257D0 (sv) 1998-09-25
CA2345473A1 (en) 2000-04-06
US6540709B1 (en) 2003-04-01
NO20011486L (no) 2001-05-21
NO318583B1 (no) 2005-04-11
DE69913179D1 (de) 2004-01-08
DK1115356T3 (da) 2004-04-05
KR100408747B1 (ko) 2003-12-11
WO2000018337A1 (en) 2000-04-06
CA2345473C (en) 2004-08-31

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