CN117937032A - Air-cooled energy storage battery system - Google Patents
Air-cooled energy storage battery system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117937032A CN117937032A CN202311356778.1A CN202311356778A CN117937032A CN 117937032 A CN117937032 A CN 117937032A CN 202311356778 A CN202311356778 A CN 202311356778A CN 117937032 A CN117937032 A CN 117937032A
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxohexane Chemical group CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010066057 cabin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 8
- WVSNNWIIMPNRDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluorohexan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WVSNNWIIMPNRDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004138 cluster model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an air-cooled energy storage battery system which is used for solving the problem that an existing air-cooled energy storage battery cabin cannot accurately extinguish a fire of a single battery pack. The air-cooled energy storage battery system comprises a battery prefabricated cabin and a fire protection system, wherein the battery prefabricated cabin comprises a plurality of battery packs, and the fire protection system comprises a plurality of sub-monitoring devices, a control device and a gas fire protection system; the sub-monitoring devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the battery packs, and are used for acquiring monitoring data of the corresponding battery packs and transmitting the monitoring data to the control device; the gas fire-fighting system comprises a fire-extinguishing executing device and sub pipelines which are in one-to-one correspondence with the battery packs; the control device controls the fire extinguishing execution device and the corresponding sub-pipelines to release the fire extinguishing agent into the battery pack according to the monitoring data of the corresponding battery pack. According to the air-cooled energy storage battery system, the sub-monitoring devices and the sub-pipelines which are in one-to-one correspondence with the battery packs are arranged, so that the fire monitoring and the fire control of the single battery pack are realized, the fire control of the battery pack level is realized, and the fire is accurately extinguished.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage equipment, in particular to an air-cooled energy storage battery system.
Background
In recent years, energy storage has been rapidly developed as an important means for realizing the construction of a novel power system. The air-cooled energy storage battery compartment is widely applied to various low-magnification and medium-small-capacity energy storage systems by virtue of the advantages of mature technology, convenience in installation and maintenance, low manufacturing cost and the like. The battery compartment is generally formed by converging a plurality of battery clusters, and each battery cluster is formed by connecting a plurality of battery packs in series. Safety is a primary technical problem focused in the field of energy storage, and battery compartment fire protection is an important factor affecting the safety of an energy storage system. The existing air-cooled battery cabin is generally provided with pipelines and nozzles around the cabin top, so that fire control in the whole cabin is realized, the fire extinguishing system in the form of the air-cooled battery cabin is used for extinguishing fire in a whole cabin level no matter how big the fire is, fire can not be extinguished according to the fire of different areas when the whole cabin is extinguished, and accurate fire extinguishing of a single battery pack can not be realized; in addition, the current air-cooled battery compartment generally adopts a heptafluoropropane gas fire extinguishing system, the fire extinguishing gas is sprayed once, repeated spraying and extinguishing can not be realized to inhibit re-combustion, and only water can be used for fire control in the follow-up process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an air-cooled energy storage battery system which is used for solving the problem that an existing air-cooled energy storage battery cabin cannot accurately extinguish a fire of a single battery pack.
The invention provides an air-cooled energy storage battery system, which comprises a battery prefabricated cabin, a fire protection system and a control system, wherein the battery prefabricated cabin comprises a plurality of battery packs; the monitoring system comprises a plurality of sub-monitoring devices, wherein the sub-monitoring devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the battery packs, and the sub-monitoring devices are used for acquiring monitoring data of the corresponding battery packs and transmitting the monitoring data to the control device; the gas fire-fighting system comprises a fire-extinguishing execution device and a gas fire-fighting pipeline communicated with the fire-extinguishing execution device, wherein a plurality of sub pipelines are arranged on the gas fire-fighting pipeline, the sub pipelines are in one-to-one correspondence with the battery packs, one end of each sub pipeline is connected with the fire-extinguishing execution device, and the other end of each sub pipeline is communicated with the interiors of the corresponding battery packs; the control device is connected with the monitoring system and the gas fire-fighting system, and is configured to control the fire-extinguishing execution device and the corresponding sub-pipelines to release fire-extinguishing agent into the battery pack according to the monitoring data of the corresponding battery pack.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing performing device comprises a fire extinguishing agent storage device and a controllable solenoid valve; the fire extinguishing agent storage device is used for storing fire extinguishing agent and is connected with the sub-pipeline through the controllable electromagnetic valve; the controllable electromagnetic valve is connected with the control device, and the control device is configured to control the opening and closing of the controllable electromagnetic valve according to the monitoring data of the battery pack.
In one embodiment, the sub-pipeline comprises a control valve and a nozzle, the injection port of the nozzle is arranged in the corresponding battery pack, the nozzle is connected with the control valve through a connecting pipe, and the control valve is connected with the fire extinguishing executing device; the control valve is connected with the control device, and the control device is configured to control the corresponding control valve to be opened and closed according to the monitoring data of the battery pack.
In one embodiment, a plurality of battery packs are connected in series to form a battery cluster, the single battery cluster is subjected to thermal simulation to obtain the temperature distribution of cells in the battery cluster, the battery pack with the highest temperature cell is taken as a high temperature area, the rest battery packs are taken as common areas, and the pipe diameter of a connecting pipe of a sub-pipeline corresponding to the battery pack in the high temperature area and the cross section area of a nozzle jet opening are larger than those of the sub-pipeline corresponding to the battery pack in the common area.
In one embodiment, the monitored data includes one or more of temperature, smoke concentration, CO concentration, VOC concentration.
In one embodiment, the first level alarm is reached when the monitored data meets at least one of three conditions:
condition one: CO concentration is more than or equal to 400ppm;
Condition II: the smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.5dB/m;
And (3) a third condition: the temperature is more than or equal to 65 ℃;
When the primary alarm is reached, the monitoring system increases the sampling frequency, and the control device records alarm information without external signal output;
a secondary alarm is reached when the monitored data meets at least one of the following two conditions:
condition one: the smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.5dB/m, and the temperature is more than or equal to 65 ℃;
condition II: CO concentration is more than or equal to 800ppm and smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.9dB/m;
when the secondary alarm is achieved, determining the specific occurrence position of the potential safety hazard, sending out early warning, and enabling the battery system to operate under the power limit, and disconnecting the direct-current side contactor to realize the electrical isolation of the battery prefabricated cabin;
A three-level alarm is reached when the monitored data satisfies at least one of the following two conditions:
Condition one: the smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.9dB/m, the CO concentration is more than or equal to 800ppm and lasts for 10s;
Condition II: the smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.5dB/m, the CO concentration is more than or equal to 800ppm, and the temperature is more than or equal to 85 ℃;
When the three-level alarm is achieved, the battery pack is judged to have a thermal runaway fire disaster, and the corresponding sub-pipeline releases the fire extinguishing agent into the battery pack.
In one embodiment, the sub-monitoring device includes one or more of a smoke detector, a temperature detector, a composite detector configured to monitor CO concentration and VOC concentration.
In one embodiment, the fire extinguishing agent is a perfluorinated hexanone fire extinguishing agent.
In one embodiment, the fire protection system further comprises a water spray fire protection system and a water immersion fire protection system; the water immersion fire protection system comprises a water immersion fire protection water interface arranged on the battery prefabricated cabin; the water spray fire-fighting system comprises a water spray fire-fighting interface arranged on the battery prefabricated cabin and a water spray pipe network arranged in the battery prefabricated cabin, wherein the water spray fire-fighting interface is communicated with the water spray pipe network.
In one embodiment, the battery compartment further comprises a battery cluster and a thermal management system, the battery cluster comprises at least one battery pack, the thermal management system comprises an air conditioner and an air duct, each cluster battery is provided with an air conditioner, the air conditioner is mounted on a cabin door of the battery compartment, an air outlet of the air conditioner is connected with the air duct, and an air outlet of the air duct is arranged at the top of the battery cluster so that cold air enters the battery cluster from the top of the battery cluster.
In one embodiment, the thermal management system further comprises an explosion-proof air inlet system and an explosion-proof air exhaust fan which are respectively arranged at two ends of the battery prefabricated cabin.
In one embodiment, a pressure relief window is arranged on the outer wall of the battery prefabricated cabin, and a rain cover is arranged outside the pressure relief window.
In one embodiment, the fire protection system further comprises an emergency start-stop button, an audible and visual alarm, and a gas spray indicator light; the emergency start-stop button is used for starting or stopping the gas fire-fighting system in emergency when a fire disaster occurs or when a false alarm occurs; the audible and visual alarm is used for alarming when the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state; the gas spraying indicator lamp is used for indicating whether the gas fire-fighting system is started or not.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the fire monitoring and the fire control of the single battery pack are realized by arranging the sub-monitoring devices and the sub-pipelines which are in one-to-one correspondence with the battery packs, the fire control of the battery pack level is realized, and the fire extinguishing is accurate. The fire control of a single battery pack/multiple battery packs is realized by adopting the perfluorinated hexanone fire extinguishing agent and matching with a gas fire-fighting pipeline and a control valve; the perfluoro-hexanone fire extinguishing agent can realize multiple spraying and extinguishing. According to the thermal simulation result, the battery pack with higher temperature is provided with the nozzle and the connecting pipe with larger specification, so that the fire extinguishing effect is pertinently enhanced.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wind-cooled energy storage battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an air conditioner, an air duct, a gas fire-fighting pipeline and a battery cluster according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fire protection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a gas fire protection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating a structure of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a lancing valve according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a fire suppression flow chart for a wind-cooled energy storage battery system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. A battery prefabricated cabin; 2. a fire protection system; 3. a thermal management system; 4. air-conditioning; 5. an air duct; 6. a gas fire-fighting pipeline; 7. a battery cluster; 8. a water fire line; 9. a battery pack; 10. a sub-monitoring device; 11. a fire extinguishing execution device; 12. a fire extinguishing agent storage device; 13. a controllable electromagnetic valve; 14. a control device; 15. a main pipeline; 16. a branch pipeline; 17. a sub-pipeline; 18. a nozzle; 19. a waterproof structural box; 20. and a standby power supply.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides an air-cooled energy storage battery system comprising a battery pre-module 1 and a fire protection system 2. A plurality of battery clusters 7 are arranged in the battery prefabricated cabin 1, and each battery cluster 7 comprises a plurality of battery packs 9.
The fire protection system 2 includes a monitoring system, a control device 14, and an air fire protection system.
The monitoring system comprises a plurality of sub-monitoring devices 10, the sub-monitoring devices 10 are in one-to-one correspondence with the battery packs 9, and the number of the sub-monitoring devices 10 is set up corresponding to the number of the battery packs 9, and the sub-monitoring devices 10 are used for acquiring the monitoring data of the corresponding battery packs 9 and transmitting the monitoring data to the control device 14. The monitoring data includes one or more of temperature, smoke concentration, CO concentration, VOC (volatile organic compounds volatile organic compound) concentration, etc., and correspondingly, the sub-monitoring device 10 includes one or more of a smoke detector, a temperature detector, a composite detector, etc.; the composite detector is used for monitoring the CO concentration and the VOC concentration of the battery pack 9, the smoke detector is used for monitoring the VOC concentration of the battery pack 9, and the temperature detector is used for monitoring the temperature of the battery pack 9. The control device 14 determines whether or not the corresponding battery pack 9 is in a thermal runaway state based on the monitoring data from the sub-monitoring device 10. When the control device 14 judges that the corresponding battery pack 9 is in a thermal runaway state, the control device 14 controls the gas fire extinguishing system to release the fire extinguishing agent into the corresponding battery pack 9. The control device 14 is installed in a waterproof structure box 19, and a standby power supply 20 is further arranged in the waterproof structure box 19, wherein the standby power supply 20 can provide 24V power for the control device 14.
The gas fire-fighting system comprises a fire-extinguishing executing device 11 and a gas fire-fighting pipeline 6 communicated with the fire-extinguishing executing device 11. The fire extinguishing unit 11 comprises a fire extinguishing agent storage device 12 and a controllable solenoid valve 13. The fire extinguishing agent storage device 12 is provided inside the battery compartment 1 for storing fire extinguishing agent. The fire extinguishing agent storage device 12 is connected with the gas fire-fighting pipeline 6 through a controllable electromagnetic valve 13. The controllable electromagnetic valve 13 is connected with the control device 14, and the control device 14 can control the opening and closing of the controllable electromagnetic valve 13 according to the monitoring data of the battery pack 9, so as to control the on-off between the fire extinguishing agent storage device 12 and the gas fire-fighting pipeline 6.
The gas fire-fighting pipeline 6 is used for conveying the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent storage device 12 into the battery pack 9. The gas fire line 6 comprises a main line 15, a branch line 16 and a sub line 17. The main pipeline 15 is connected with the fire extinguishing agent storage device 12 through the controllable electromagnetic valve 13.
A plurality of branch pipelines 16 are arranged on the main pipeline 15, the branch pipelines 16 are in one-to-one correspondence with the battery clusters 7 in the battery prefabricated cabin 1, the number of the battery clusters 7 is correspondingly provided with the number of the branch pipelines 16, and the fire extinguishing agent in the main pipeline 15 is conveyed to the corresponding battery clusters 7 through the branch pipelines 16.
A plurality of sub-pipelines 17 are arranged on the branch pipeline 16, the sub-pipelines 17 on the corresponding branch pipeline 16 are in one-to-one correspondence with the battery packs 9 in the corresponding battery cluster 7, and the number of the sub-pipelines 17 is correspondingly set according to the number of the battery packs 9, for example, 8 battery packs are included in the battery cluster shown in fig. 4, and then 8 sub-pipelines 17 are arranged on the branch pipeline 16 of the battery cluster, and fire extinguishing agent is respectively conveyed to the 8 battery packs 9 through the 8 sub-pipelines 17. Each sub-line 17 comprises a control valve and a nozzle 18. The nozzle 18 is used for releasing fire extinguishing agent to the inside of the battery pack 9, the nozzle 18 is arranged on the corresponding battery pack 9, the interface of the nozzle 18 is arranged on the outer side of the battery pack 9, and the jet opening of the nozzle 18 faces the inside of the battery pack 9 so as to ensure the tightness of the whole space of the battery pack 9. The control valve is arranged on the branch pipeline 16 and is quickly connected to a nozzle 18 interface positioned at the outer side of the battery pack 9 through a connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is preferably a hose; the on-off state between the nozzle 18 and the branch pipe 16 is controlled by controlling the on-off state of the valve. The control valve is connected with the control device 14, and the control device 14 can control the opening and closing of the control valve corresponding to the sub-pipeline 17 according to the monitoring data of the single battery pack 9, so as to realize the fire control of the single battery pack 9. The control valve is preferably a puncture valve which can be remotely controlled.
The sub-monitoring device 10 detects the battery pack 9 and transmits the monitoring data to the control device 14, and the control device 14 judges whether the battery pack 9 is in a thermal runaway state based on the monitoring data. When the battery pack 9 is in a fire condition and the battery pack 9 is in a thermal runaway state, the control device 14 controls the gas fire-fighting system to start, the air guide fan in the battery pack 9 stops working, the controllable electromagnetic valve 13 and the control valve of the corresponding sub-pipeline 17 of the battery pack 9 are opened, the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent storage device 12 enters the main pipeline 15 and the branch pipeline 16 through the controllable electromagnetic valve 13, the fire extinguishing agent enters the battery cluster 7 from the branch pipeline 16, the fire extinguishing agent in the branch pipeline 16 enters the hose and the nozzle 18 through the control valve opened on the corresponding sub-pipeline 17, and the fire extinguishing agent is released into the battery pack 9 through the nozzle 18 to extinguish fire.
The fire extinguishing agent is preferably perfluoro-hexanone fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing agent storage device 12 is a perfluoro-hexanone bottle group, the perfluoro-hexanone fire extinguishing agent can be released for multiple times, and the multiple releases of the fire extinguishing agent can inhibit fire or reburning of the plurality of battery packs 9. In other embodiments, other gaseous extinguishing agents that can achieve multiple spraying may be employed.
The monitoring system adopts an external composite detector to monitor the temperature, the smoke concentration, the CO concentration and the VOC concentration.
Referring to fig. 7, the Pack control logic for the air-cooled energy storage battery system is as follows:
(1) When the monitoring data meet at least one of the following three conditions, the external composite detector achieves primary alarm:
condition one: CO concentration is more than or equal to 400ppm;
Condition II: the smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.5dB/m;
And (3) a third condition: the temperature is more than or equal to 65 ℃.
When the external composite detector reaches a first-level alarm, the sampling frequency of the detector is increased, the control device records alarm information, and no external signal is output.
(2) When the monitoring data meet at least one of the following two conditions, the external composite detector achieves a secondary alarm:
condition one: the smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.5dB/m, and the temperature is more than or equal to 65 ℃;
condition II: CO concentration is more than or equal to 800ppm and smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.9dB/m.
When the external composite detector reaches a secondary alarm, the air-cooled energy storage battery system is considered to have potential safety hazards, the specific occurrence position of the potential safety hazards is determined, the fire alarm control device sends early warning, data are transmitted to the BMS system, the data are transmitted to the EMS system through the BMS, the EMS controls the PCS system to operate under the condition of limited power, and workers carry out safety inspection on the battery cluster. The fire-fighting linkage control unit controls the audible and visual alarm of the alarm system to rapidly buzze and flash lights, and starts the exhaust system. Meanwhile, the local control device turns off a total distribution switch in the battery prefabricated cabin; and the EMS controls the stop of the PCS, and opens the direct-current side contactor to realize the electrical isolation of the battery prefabricated cabin.
(3) When the monitoring data meet at least one of the following two conditions, the external composite detector achieves three-level alarm:
Condition one: the smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.9dB/m, the CO concentration is more than or equal to 800ppm and lasts for 10s;
condition II: and the smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.5dB/m, the CO concentration is more than or equal to 800ppm, and the temperature is more than or equal to 85 ℃.
When the external composite detector reaches three-level alarm, the energy storage power station is considered to have thermal runaway fire (open fire is generated) in the space, the energy storage power station is linked to close the exhaust system by the fire alarm control device, meanwhile, the package-level puncture valve is opened, and the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed according to the package-level inhibition medium (such as perfluoro-hexanone) spraying strategy by countdown for 0-30 s (adjustable).
The packet-level suppression media discharge strategy is as follows:
When a package-level external composite detector generates three-level alarm, the three-level alarm is sprayed according to the following three stages:
the first stage: the execution device starts spraying, sprays 990g of inhibiting medium, quickly inhibits the battery cell which is out of control in the package or extinguishes the fire in the package and establishes the extinguishing concentration in the package. In order to establish the concentration of suppressing explosion, there may be a possibility that suppressing medium is discharged from the pressure release valve, and three battery packs fire simultaneously, the amount of suppressing medium is increased to 4.5 times the required amount.
And a second stage: in the next 30 minutes, about 220g per minute was sprayed, for a total of 30 sprays. Considering the remaining suppressing medium in the battery pack and the suppressing medium ejected every minute to be not less than 80g, the suppressing medium content in the battery pack is kept at 220g or more for 30 minutes. The fire extinguishing system continuously sprays the inhibiting medium into the battery pack at a frequency of 1 time per minute within 30 minutes, ensures the fire extinguishing concentration in the pack and inhibits the reburning within 30 minutes.
And a third stage: after the second phase is finished, the condition in the battery pack basically tends to be stable, the injection dosage is reduced in the subsequent 30 minutes, 220g of medicament is injected every two minutes, and the content of the inhibition medium of 220g in the battery pack is continuously maintained. And after the fire extinguishing execution device is started, all the inhibition media are sprayed out within 1 hour, so that the overall safety of the battery pack is ensured to the greatest extent.
When three-level alarm occurs to two package-level external composite detectors, spraying is performed according to the three phases, and the duration of spraying is doubled.
When three-level alarm occurs to the three-level external composite detector, spraying is performed according to the three phases, and the duration of spraying is doubled.
When three-level alarm occurs to four or more than four external composite detectors at the package level, the cabin electromagnetic valve starts to perform total submerged fire extinguishing.
In some embodiments, the fire protection system 2 further comprises a water spray fire protection system and a water immersion fire protection system. The water immersion fire protection system comprises a water immersion fire protection water interface arranged on the battery prefabricated cabin 1; the water spray fire-fighting system comprises a water spray fire-fighting interface arranged on the battery prefabricated cabin 1 and a water fire-fighting pipeline 8 (i.e. a water spray pipe network) arranged in the battery prefabricated cabin 1, wherein the water spray fire-fighting interface is communicated with the water fire-fighting pipeline 8.
In some embodiments, the fire protection system 2 further includes an emergency start-stop button, an audible and visual alarm, and a gas spray indicator light. The emergency start-stop button is used for starting or stopping the gas fire-fighting system in emergency when a fire disaster occurs or when a false alarm occurs; when the control device 14 judges that the battery pack 9 is in a thermal runaway state, the audible and visual alarm gives an alarm; the gas spraying indicator lights are lit up when the gas fire protection system is started.
In some embodiments, the battery compartment 1 further comprises a thermal management system 3, the thermal management system 3 comprising an air conditioner 4 and an air duct 5. The air conditioners 4 are installed on the cabin door of the battery prefabricated cabin 1, and each battery cluster 7 is provided with at least one air conditioner 4 to realize one-cluster management, for example, one air conditioner 4 is provided with two air conditioners 4 for supplying cold air. The air outlet of the air conditioner 4 is connected with the air duct 5, and the air outlet of the air duct 5 is arranged at the top of the battery cluster 7, so that cold air provided by the air conditioner 4 enters the battery cluster 7 from the top of the battery cluster 7, and the cold air is sucked through a fan at the front of the battery pack 9 to complete circulation of the cold air. An explosion-proof exhaust fan is arranged at the end part of the battery prefabricated cabin 1 and is provided with an electric shutter; an explosion-proof air inlet system is arranged at the other end of the battery prefabricated cabin 1, and the explosion-proof air inlet system is provided with electric shutters and is used for fully exhausting the interior of the prefabricated cabin before fire-fighting actions.
The outer wall of the battery prefabricated cabin 1 is also provided with a pressure relief window, and the pressure relief window is used for balancing the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the station when the gas fire-fighting system 2 is started. The outside of the pressure release window is provided with a rain cover for blocking rainwater from entering the battery prefabricated cabin 1.
The structure of the air duct 5 and the structure of the gas fire-fighting pipeline can be designed pertinently according to the thermal simulation result of the air duct-battery cluster.
Simulation assumes:
1) All the components are well assembled and are tightly matched with each other;
2) Neglecting the influence of the structural details of the component on the flow field and the temperature field;
3) Neglecting the influence of the change of the material parameters along with the temperature;
Simulation boundary conditions:
1) Ambient temperature: 25 ℃;
2) An air conditioning system:
Air outlet temperature: 20 ℃;
Air volume: 700m3/h (set according to fan specification)
The working condition is 0.5C charging for 2h, standing for 0.5h,0.5C discharging for 2h, the parameters of the battery core, the ambient temperature and the P-Q curve of the fan are the same as those of the battery pack, the steady-state working condition is considered, the temperature distribution of the battery core inside the battery cluster after 10h is obtained, the battery pack where the highest temperature battery core is located is taken as a high temperature area, and the fire control nozzle and the pipeline of the corresponding battery pack are independently designed.
Input: cell performance parameters, fan performance parameters, battery cluster model;
the calculation conditions are as follows: calculating working conditions under boundary conditions such as ambient temperature and the like;
And (3) outputting: the temperature distribution of battery clusters;
improvement measures are as follows: and obtaining the highest temperature cell position according to the cell temperature distribution, wherein the cell pack is a high temperature region, and the corresponding fire-fighting pipeline size is increased.
Cell pack branch line, connecting tube and nozzle dimensions in the normal position: phi 12-phi 8;
battery pack branch line, connecting tube and nozzle dimensions at high temperature location: phi 12-phi 8.
According to the thermal simulation calculation result, the specifications of the nozzle 18 and the connecting pipe are enlarged for the battery pack 9 in the high temperature area, for example, the pipe diameter of the connecting pipe and the cross section of the jet orifice of the nozzle 18 are enlarged, so that the gas jet flow is increased, and the jet extinguishing effect is enhanced in a targeted manner.
In some embodiments, the temperature T i of each battery pack of the battery cluster, the highest temperature T max of the battery packs of the battery cluster, the battery pack manifold piping diameter Φ 0, the connecting pipe hose piping diameter Φ i, the different gauge diameter differences Δd of the fire hose, the different position battery pack hose diameters Φ i are:
If T i＝Tmax, then φ i＝φ0;
If T i≠Tmax, then phi i＝φ0 - Δd.
The volume difference of the spraying and extinguishing gas:
Wherein, the jet time t o is designed; designing the air injection rate S; taking into account the influence of gas viscosity and line resistance on gas flow rate, a given effective coefficient η, actual flow rate=s×η.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the respective embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but encompasses all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (13)
1. The air-cooled energy storage battery system comprises a battery prefabricated cabin, wherein the battery prefabricated cabin comprises a plurality of battery packs, and is characterized by further comprising a fire protection system, wherein the fire protection system comprises a monitoring system, a control device and a gas fire protection system; the monitoring system comprises a plurality of sub-monitoring devices, wherein the sub-monitoring devices are in one-to-one correspondence with the battery packs, and the sub-monitoring devices are used for acquiring monitoring data of the corresponding battery packs and transmitting the monitoring data to the control device; the gas fire-fighting system comprises a fire-extinguishing execution device and a gas fire-fighting pipeline communicated with the fire-extinguishing execution device, wherein a plurality of sub pipelines are arranged on the gas fire-fighting pipeline, the sub pipelines are in one-to-one correspondence with the battery packs, one end of each sub pipeline is connected with the fire-extinguishing execution device, and the other end of each sub pipeline is communicated with the interiors of the corresponding battery packs; the control device is connected with the monitoring system and the gas fire-fighting system, and is configured to control the fire-extinguishing execution device and the corresponding sub-pipelines to release fire-extinguishing agent into the battery pack according to the monitoring data of the corresponding battery pack.
2. The air-cooled energy storage battery system of claim 1, wherein the fire extinguishing performing device comprises a fire extinguishing agent storage device and a controllable solenoid valve; the fire extinguishing agent storage device is used for storing fire extinguishing agent and is connected with the sub-pipeline through the controllable electromagnetic valve; the controllable electromagnetic valve is connected with the control device, and the control device is configured to control the opening and closing of the controllable electromagnetic valve according to the monitoring data of the battery pack.
3. The air-cooled energy storage battery system according to claim 1, wherein the sub-pipeline comprises a control valve and a nozzle, the injection port of the nozzle is arranged in the corresponding battery pack, the nozzle is connected with the control valve through a connecting pipe, and the control valve is connected with the fire extinguishing executing device; the control valve is connected with the control device, and the control device is configured to control the corresponding control valve to be opened and closed according to the monitoring data of the battery pack.
4. The air-cooled energy storage battery system according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of battery packs are connected in series to form a battery cluster, the single battery cluster is subjected to thermal simulation to obtain the temperature distribution of cells in the battery cluster, the battery pack with the highest temperature cell is taken as a high temperature area, the rest battery packs are taken as common areas, and the pipe diameters of connecting pipes of sub-pipelines corresponding to the battery packs in the high temperature area and the cross-sectional areas of nozzle jet openings are larger than those of the sub-pipeline corresponding to the battery packs in the common areas.
5. The air-cooled energy storage battery system of any of claims 1-4, wherein the monitored data includes one or more of temperature, smoke concentration, CO concentration, VOC concentration.
6. The air-cooled energy storage battery system of claim 5, wherein the primary alarm is reached when the monitored data satisfies at least one of the following three conditions:
condition one: CO concentration is more than or equal to 400ppm;
Condition II: the smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.5dB/m;
And (3) a third condition: the temperature is more than or equal to 65 ℃;
When the primary alarm is reached, the monitoring system increases the sampling frequency, and the control device records alarm information without external signal output;
a secondary alarm is reached when the monitored data meets at least one of the following two conditions:
condition one: the smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.5dB/m, and the temperature is more than or equal to 65 ℃;
condition II: CO concentration is more than or equal to 800ppm and smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.9dB/m;
when the secondary alarm is achieved, determining the specific occurrence position of the potential safety hazard, sending out early warning, and enabling the battery system to operate under the power limit, and disconnecting the direct-current side contactor to realize the electrical isolation of the battery prefabricated cabin;
A three-level alarm is reached when the monitored data satisfies at least one of the following two conditions:
Condition one: the smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.9dB/m, the CO concentration is more than or equal to 800ppm and lasts for 10s;
Condition II: the smoke concentration is more than or equal to 0.5dB/m, the CO concentration is more than or equal to 800ppm, and the temperature is more than or equal to 85 ℃;
When the three-level alarm is achieved, the battery pack is judged to have a thermal runaway fire disaster, and the corresponding sub-pipeline releases the fire extinguishing agent into the battery pack.
7. The air-cooled energy storage battery system of any of claims 1-4, wherein the sub-monitoring device comprises one or more of a smoke detector, a temperature detector, a composite detector configured to monitor CO concentration and VOC concentration.
8. The air-cooled energy storage battery system of any of claims 1-4, wherein the fire extinguishing agent is a perfluorinated hexanone fire extinguishing agent.
9. The air-cooled energy storage battery system of any of claims 1-4, wherein the fire protection system further comprises a water spray fire protection system and a water immersion fire protection system; the water immersion fire protection system comprises a water immersion fire protection water interface arranged on the battery prefabricated cabin; the water spray fire-fighting system comprises a water spray fire-fighting interface arranged on the battery prefabricated cabin and a water spray pipe network arranged in the battery prefabricated cabin, wherein the water spray fire-fighting interface is communicated with the water spray pipe network.
10. The air-cooled energy storage battery system of any of claims 1-4, wherein the battery compartment further comprises a battery cluster and a thermal management system, the battery cluster comprises at least one battery pack, the thermal management system comprises an air conditioner and an air duct, each cluster of batteries is configured with an air conditioner, the air conditioner is mounted on a door of the battery compartment, an air outlet of the air conditioner is connected with the air duct, and an air outlet of the air duct is arranged at the top of the battery cluster so that cold air enters the battery cluster from the top of the battery cluster.
11. The air-cooled energy storage battery system of claim 10, wherein the thermal management system further comprises an explosion-proof air intake system and an explosion-proof air exhaust fan respectively arranged at two ends of the battery prefabricated cabin.
12. The air-cooled energy storage battery system of any of claims 1-4, wherein a pressure relief window is provided on an exterior wall of the battery compartment, and a rain cover is provided outside the pressure relief window.
13. The air-cooled energy storage battery system of any of claims 1-4, wherein the fire protection system further comprises an emergency start-stop button, an audible-visual alarm, and a gas spray indicator light; the emergency start-stop button is used for starting or stopping the gas fire-fighting system in emergency when a fire disaster occurs or when a false alarm occurs; the audible and visual alarm is used for alarming when the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state; the gas spraying indicator lamp is used for indicating whether the gas fire-fighting system is started or not.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311356778.1A CN117937032A (en) | 2023-10-19 | 2023-10-19 | Air-cooled energy storage battery system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311356778.1A CN117937032A (en) | 2023-10-19 | 2023-10-19 | Air-cooled energy storage battery system |
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| CN117937032A true CN117937032A (en) | 2024-04-26 |
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| CN202311356778.1A Pending CN117937032A (en) | 2023-10-19 | 2023-10-19 | Air-cooled energy storage battery system |
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| CN (1) | CN117937032A (en) |
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