CN117874893A - Chemical pipeline visualization method based on BIM and UE5 - Google Patents
Chemical pipeline visualization method based on BIM and UE5 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a chemical pipeline visualization method based on BIM and UE5, belonging to the technical field of chemical park pipeline visualization. The method comprises the steps of systematically encoding a complex chemical pipeline model by a multi-hierarchy library encoding method, and establishing a chemical pipeline BIM model for a pipe shaft, a pipeline, a pipe rack and a repair pipeline and equipment by BIM modeling software; obtaining DEM and image tif data, and establishing a terrain model; acquiring building information data of a chemical industry park to establish a scene model of the chemical industry park; collecting position information data of the model, matching the position information data with corresponding data of a digital elevation map, and calculating building height to form landing data in a chemical pipeline BIM model, a terrain model and a scene model UE5 scene; rendering of the scene is achieved through an editor. The method can realize the high-fidelity and high-restoration display of the chemical pipeline in the chemical park in the three-dimensional scene, and solves the problem that the existing visualization method cannot realize the occurrence of stuck data due to overlarge data volume loading.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical industry park pipeline visualization, in particular to a chemical industry park pipeline visualization method based on BIM and UE 5.
Background
The digital twin technology is the most widely applied three-dimensional visualization technology in the current three-dimensional industry due to the characteristics of dynamics, vividness, cool scene and the like. The digital twin technology can be utilized to map the real world to the virtual world, so that a virtual model corresponding to the real world is constructed in the virtual world, and the problems existing in the implementation world can be analyzed based on the virtual model.
The importance of the building information model (Building Information Modeling, BIM) as a digital twin common model in the digital twin industry is gradually highlighted, and the BIM uses various relevant information data as a basis, so that the building information model can reach the effect of tracking the root and tracing the source throughout the life cycle of a building.
Currently, the mainstream three-dimensional visualization technology of chemical pipelines in chemical parks is divided into two types, namely a visualization method based on a 3D GIS platform and a three-dimensional visualization method based on a popular three-dimensional graph development library at home and abroad.
A visualization method based on a 3D GIS platform. For example, super Map, new earth and other professional 3D GIS platform software can be used for carrying out three-dimensional visualization on chemical pipelines, buildings and scene data in a chemical industry park. The method has the defects that a realistic three-dimensional geographic model is created and presented on a 3D GIS platform, a complex rendering technology and algorithm are needed, and special related industry software has the characteristics of huge purchase cost, single function, unrealistic rendering effect and complex operation.
A visualization method based on a three-dimensional graph development library. The method has the advantages of supporting three-dimensional visualization of multi-source data, switching among different coordinate systems and providing a high-precision mathematical calculation interface, and has the defects of being incapable of displaying strong scene expressive force and difficult real-time dynamic rendering, lacking a strong physical engine, causing poor visual effect of a three-dimensional model, lacking spatial information and spatial analysis function of a built three-dimensional model, being incapable of displaying information based on the real geographic position trend of the scene, lacking a visual and effective data display mode, being limited in display capability, single in display mode and being not beneficial to the management of chemical pipeline safety in a chemical park.
The existing visualization method can solve the problem of display and has certain scene rendering capability. However, the chemical pipelines in the chemical industry park have visual difficulties to be solved urgently at present:
1) Complex pipe network structure: chemical pipelines in chemical parks typically comprise a large number of pipelines, pipe shafts and equipment, involving different types of chemicals and process flows. These piping networks are often intricate, including piping of various sizes, shapes, and connection patterns, making modeling and visualization of chemical piping challenging.
2) Multi-level security requirements: chemical pipelines in chemical industry parks are required to meet strict safety requirements, including fire and explosion protection, leakage monitoring, emergency treatment and the like. Accurately displaying these safety requirements in the visualization and ensuring the safety of the operators and the surrounding environment requires a comprehensive consideration of a plurality of factors such as the piping layout, safety facilities, emergency evacuation channels, etc.
3) The large data volume results in slow processing speed and large rendering pressure: the visualization of the chemical pipeline needs to process a large amount of data, including information such as pipelines, pipe shafts, pipe frames, inspection channels, monitoring equipment and the like. The data needs to be subjected to three-dimensional modeling and three-dimensional visualization, a large amount of computing resources and time are consumed, the processing speed is low, a long time is needed to load, and the three-dimensional visualization effect is poor.
4) The visual effect is poor: the visualization of the chemical pipeline needs to exhibit a true, clear three-dimensional effect so that engineers and management personnel can better understand and manage the chemical pipeline.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the visualization effect of the chemical pipeline in the chemical park and the defects and shortcomings existing in the prior art, the invention provides a novel visualization method of the chemical pipeline in the chemical park based on BIM and UE5 for promoting intelligent construction of the chemical park, and the method can greatly improve the visualization effect of the chemical pipeline and enable illumination to be more vivid in the scene. The method not only effectively solves the limitation of the visual effect in the current three-dimensional scene, but also can make a critical step for the digital twin construction of the chemical pipeline in the chemical industry park, and realizes the three-dimensional scene and the high-fidelity three-dimensional chemical pipeline model of the chemical industry park with high reduction degree.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized by the following technical proposal. The invention relates to a chemical industry park chemical pipeline visualization method based on BIM and UE5, which is characterized by comprising the following specific operation steps:
1) Systematic encoding is carried out on a complex chemical pipeline model by a multi-level library encoding method, a pipe shaft, a pipeline, a pipe rack, a repair channel and equipment are modeled by BIM modeling software such as Revit, 3dMaxs and the like, a chemical pipeline BIM is established to form internal data information, and then a vertex clustering lightweight algorithm considering a pipeline elbow is provided to lighten the chemical pipeline;
2) Obtaining DEM and image tif data, and establishing a terrain model through World Creator software;
3) Acquiring construction information data of a chemical industry park, and establishing a chemical industry park scene model through Blender software;
4) Collecting position information data of the model, matching the position information data with corresponding data of a digital elevation map, and calculating building height to form landing data in a chemical pipeline BIM model, a terrain model and a scene model UE5 scene;
5) Combining the internal data information, the real data information and the model fall position data information of the BIM model into a data file, and corresponding the data file to the corresponding model;
6) Exporting the BIM model to a format supported by the UE, such as FBX or OBJ; when exporting, the coordinate and direction information of the model needs to be ensured to be correctly embedded into the exported file;
7) The UE editor is opened and a new Level is created or an existing Level is opened.
8) Adding an Actor or Bluerint in the checkpoint to represent the BIM model; editing tools of the UE, such as placers, may be used to add an Actor or blumerint; setting position and direction information of a BIM model in an attribute panel of an Actor or Bluerint; the location and direction information of the BIM model may be set using the coordinate system and rotator of the UE; importing a BIM model file (such as FBX or OBJ) into an Actor or Bluerint; when the model is imported, the UE automatically places the model at the position and the direction of the Actor or the Bluerint;
9) Rendering of the scene is achieved through the UE5 scene editor, blueprint editor, special effects editor, character editor, and Lumen and Nanite technologies of the UE 5.
Preferably, in step 1), a multi-hierarchy library coding method is established to code a complex pipe network structure, and the coding mode is shown in fig. 4 and 5. The chemical pipeline is divided into 5 different components, and each component is subdivided. Taking a pipeline as an example, the pipeline member codes 1002, and one pipeline comprises the attributes of a pipeline position number, a pipeline number, a pipe diameter, a road to which the pipeline belongs, a period number to which the pipeline belongs and the like, so that the chemical pipeline BIM model is conveniently built in the later period, and a user can conveniently inquire the pipeline better. The modeling process should model the BIM according to the design planning drawing of the chemical pipeline in the chemical park and the corresponding CAD drawing, and the modeling content should include the pipe shaft, the pipeline, the pipe rack, the repair channel, the equipment number, the medium name and other internal data information. In order to solve the problems of large chemical pipeline model quantity and low loading speed, a vertex clustering lightweight algorithm considering pipeline elbows is provided.
The vertex clustering lightweight algorithm of the pipeline elbow is considered. The current grid simplifying algorithm is mainly divided into a geometric element deleting method, a vertex clustering method, a vertex sampling method and a wavelet decomposition method. The geometric element deleting method comprises a vertex deleting method, a face collapsing algorithm and an edge collapsing algorithm, wherein the edge collapsing algorithm is a light weight algorithm which is relatively commonly used.
The main idea of the vertex clustering algorithm is simple, namely vertex merging is that a bounding box (generally AABB, axis Aligned Bounding Box) is used for wrapping the whole model, then the bounding box is divided into a plurality of small cube areas, and finally the vertices falling in the same area are merged. When vertices are combined, the original vertex is deleted, and the newly generated vertex needs to be connected with the original grid to form a new grid. If there is an edge connected to p within the original vertex set { p0, p1, p 2.. } then the original new vertex pi and the new vertex q are connected together, otherwise are not connected.
The vertex clustering principle is roughly divided into the following steps:
generating clusters (Cluster Generation)
Calculate the expression factor (Computing a representative)
Generating Mesh (Mesh Generation)
Change Topology (Topology Changes)
The thought of vertex clustering is clear and the speed is high, but triangle degradation into line segments or vertices is easy to cause, and the topology of the grid cannot be well maintained. Here we choose the vertex clustering algorithm because we need a direct, "brute force" approach to lightweight the pipe network model. The pipe rack surface is in a smooth plane except for a folded surface, but due to the complexity of the chemical pipe rack, a plurality of auxiliary points can be arranged on the plane to mark complex conditions such as turning and converging of the pipeline in the modeling process, so that the pipe rack model has hundreds of millions of points, a large number of useless surfaces are generated, occupied memory and rendering time are increased, and the points can be clustered into one point in a large way in light weight, so that the effect of reducing the surface is achieved, and the model accuracy is not affected. As shown in FIG. 7, the number of triangular faces of the pipe gallery is reduced from the original 90255906 faces to the current 2134202 faces, the number of triangular faces is reduced to 1/40 of the original faces, and the accuracy of the pipe gallery model is not affected at all.
However, there is a point to be noted that the turning points of the pipeline are connected through pipeline elbows, the pipeline elbows have curved surfaces which turn, more triangular surfaces are needed for describing, and if the clustering of the vertexes is excessive, the pipeline elbows are distorted. As shown in fig. 7, the number of triangular surfaces of the pipeline is reduced from the original 16421459 to the present 283881, the number of triangular surfaces is reduced to 1/55 of the original triangular surfaces, the precision of the straight pipeline is not affected by one point, but obvious distortion occurs at the position of the pipeline elbow, so that the vertex cluster scale at the position of the pipeline elbow needs to be considered, and the vertex cluster scale needs to be identified and slightly clustered to ensure that the integral precision of the pipeline is not affected.
Preferably, in step 5), the real data information should include BIM model position, longitude, and latitude.
Preferably, in step 6), it is necessary to ensure that the imported FBX or OBJ model has the correct proportions, materials and textures before the model is imported, so that the chemical pipeline model in the chemical park has a realistic appearance.
Preferably, in step 11), the relevant collision volume and physical properties are set in the UE. Thus, different kinds of physical behaviors such as popup windows can be provided in collision, shadows and illumination are needed to be set in the checkpoints by using the Lumen technology to enable scenes to be more real, and all real-time illumination is rendered according to a Render Equation so far, so that the scene is approximated to infinity.
Render Equation formula:
I(x,ωo) = E(x,ωo) + ∫ f(x,ωi,ωo) · L(x,ωi) · cosθi dωi
UE visual rendering formula:
L = E + KE + K
2
E+ K
3
E + K
4
E
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method utilizes the excellent rendering capability of the UE5 engine to realize high-quality visual effect on the chemical pipeline in the chemical industry park, combines a BIM model, helps engineers and management staff to better understand and manage the chemical pipeline, solves the problems of more construction types, large data volume, insufficient rendering capability and information management of the existing chemical pipeline, establishes the chemical pipeline BIM model to realize scientific and efficient management and monitoring of chemical pipeline information in the UE5 through designing a group library coding rule, can accurately and intuitively display the scene in the chemical pipeline based on the UE5, conveniently manage the chemical pipeline data, detect the chemical pipeline state and process sudden accidents, is not possessed by the existing visual method, can load a large amount of three-dimensional model data based on the UE5, reduces the rendering time through a powerful rendering engine, and solves the problem that the chemical pipeline in the chemical industry park cannot be subjected to data volume overload and is blocked in the three-dimensional scene.
The method constructs a chemical pipe network structure model by using a multi-level family library coding method and a BIM technical system; through the internet of things technology, the connecting pipe gallery real-time monitoring equipment realizes multi-level monitoring on the chemical pipeline, and the accident occurrence point and the accident type are accurately simulated in real time through the Niagara particle system of the UE5, so that the emergency treatment of the accident is facilitated; the face reduction treatment of the chemical pipeline model is realized by taking the vertex clustering lightweight algorithm of the pipeline elbow into consideration; by means of the strong rendering capability of the UE5 game engine, the visual effect of the chemical pipeline is greatly improved through the Lumen full-dynamic real-time light technology, and the illumination is more vivid in the scene. The method not only effectively solves the limitation of the visual effect in the current three-dimensional scene, but also can make a critical step for the digital twin construction of the chemical pipeline in the chemical industry park, and realizes the three-dimensional scene and the high-fidelity three-dimensional chemical pipeline model of the chemical industry park with high reduction degree.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of chemical industry park chemical industry pipeline visualization steps based on BIM and UE 5;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of BIM model monomers modeling;
fig. 3 is a step of model import into UE 5;
FIG. 4 is a chemical pipeline coding information diagram;
FIG. 5 is a chemical pipeline code diagram;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the effect of chemical industry park scenes and chemical industry pipeline models;
fig. 7 is a graph showing a comparison of the vertex clusters before and after weight reduction.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1, referring to fig. 1, a visualization method for chemical industry park chemical pipelines based on BIM and UE 5:
and collecting chemical pipeline design drawing data, DEM data, remote sensing image data and building information data, and preparing for subsequent BIM model modeling. The chemical pipeline design drawing data are detailed parameter drawings for constructing chemical pipelines and pipelines in chemical parks. The chemical pipeline construction of the chemical park needs to acquire and process DEM data so as to acquire topographic information and topographic features and determine optimal parameters such as pipeline depth, gradient, curvature and the like. The remote sensing image data can provide support for the functions of terrain analysis, construction monitoring, danger assessment and the like in the construction of chemical pipelines in chemical parks. Building information data provides support for construction of chemical industry park scenes.
The chemical pipeline design drawing data comprise pipeline layout information such as the position, length, diameter and material of a pipeline, parameter information of equipment such as a camera, a settlement detector and a gas detector in the chemical pipeline, construction drawing information, pipeline material information and pipeline maintenance information.
The DEM data are digital models describing the height and the form of the terrain, and the construction of chemical pipelines needs to consider the factors of the terrain and the topography, such as the height of the terrain, the groundwater level, the soil layer, the rock stratum and the like. The DEM data can provide elevation and topography information, so that engineers and designers can better know the topography characteristics and the topography conditions of the construction of the chemical pipeline, and the design of the chemical pipeline is optimized.
The remote sensing image data can be used for construction, maintenance and management of chemical pipelines. The chemical pipeline generally needs to consider factors such as topography, landform, land utilization and the like, the remote sensing image data can provide high-resolution, comprehensive and real-time surface information, engineers and management staff are helped to better know factors such as the landform characteristics, land utilization conditions and environmental influence of a chemical pipeline construction area, and accordingly design and management of the chemical pipeline are optimized. The building information can be used for construction, maintenance and management of chemical pipelines. Chemical pipelines generally need to traverse different types of buildings, such as residential areas, commercial areas, industrial areas and the like, and the factors of the structure, layout, height and the like of the buildings need to be considered so as to ensure the stability and the safety of the chemical pipelines.
And starting Revit or 3dMaxs software, and modeling the BIM model of the chemical pipeline according to parameters of a pipe shaft, a pipeline, a pipe rack, a repair pipeline and equipment in the chemical pipeline design drawing to form internal information data of the BIM model. Because the BIM model of the chemical pipeline has a plurality of internal components and a complex hierarchical structure, the pipe shaft pipeline is an important point of the chemical pipeline, and the data information contained in the pipe shaft pipeline is more important. In order to facilitate independent interaction of pipe shafts and pipes in a system, chemical pipelines are divided into 5 family libraries of pipes, pipe shafts, pipe frames, overhauling walkways, overhauling ladders and monitoring equipment, and corresponding codes are carried out on the family libraries, and classification and coding methods of the family libraries, the coding method of the pipe shafts and the coding method of the pipes are defined at the same time, and are shown in figure 4. Meanwhile, in the process of building the pipelines, the pipelines are compared to prevent collision among the pipelines, so that the pipelines are built in sections and finally integrated together, and the problem of pipeline linkage at corners is solved, so that fine adjustment is needed to prevent collision among the pipelines.
Because the chemical pipeline BIM model modeled by the Revit software is not subjected to light weight processing, if the model is directly imported into an engine of the UE5, the data volume of the model is too large to influence the real-time rendering rate, so that the chemical pipeline BIM model needs to be subjected to light weight processing.
And according to the DEM and the image tif data, creating the topographic data required by the UE5 by using the World Creator software. And modeling the road, river, building, tank and plant models through Blender software according to the vector shp layer data. After building the BIM model, the topographic data required by the UE5 and the scene model, the model needs to be imported into a position corresponding to the scene according to the coordinate system in the UE5, as shown in fig. 3. And (3) establishing a plane space coordinate system of the UE5, so that the BIM model, the terrain model and the scene model can be positioned in the terrain in the illusion engine according to the longitude and latitude and the latitude marks. Collecting longitude and latitude coordinates of a BIM model, a terrain model and a scene model to form actual position data of the model; matching the collected model data with corresponding data of a digital elevation map to form landing data of a chemical pipeline BIM model, a terrain model and a scene model plane space coordinate system; combining the internal data information, the real data information and the model fall position data information of the BIM model into a data file, and corresponding the data file to the corresponding model, as shown in figure 2;
the UE editor is opened and a new Level is created or an existing Level is opened. An Actor or Bluerint is added to the checkpoint to represent the BIM model. An Actor or blumerint may be added using an editing tool of the UE, such as a placer. In the property panel of Actor or bluepint, position and direction information of the BIM model is set. The location and direction information of the BIM model may be set using the coordinate system and rotator of the UE. BIM model files (e.g., FBX or OBJ) are imported into the Actor or Bluerint. At import, the UE will automatically place the model in the position and orientation of the Actor or blumerint. And rendering the BIM model, the terrain model and the factory model through a scene editor, a blueprint editor, a special effect editor, a role editor and the Lumen and Nanit technologies of the UE5 to obtain a BIM+UE5 three-dimensional visual image of the chemical pipeline of the whole chemical park. And traversing all components in the chemical pipeline model in the UE5, analyzing the tree structure of the chemical pipeline model components and the attribute information stored in the component model, and displaying the attribute information on an interface by a method of interaction between the UE5 and the chemical pipeline BIM model. Can more efficient management chemical industry pipeline data, more visual show chemical industry pipeline information. Reference is made to fig. 5-7.
Rendering equation (Rendering Equation) is a basic equation describing the effect of global illumination in ray tracing algorithms. The rendering equation is used to calculate the color of a point, and its basic form is:
I(x,ωo) = E(x,ωo) + ∫ f(x,ωi,ωo) · L(x,ωi) · cosθi dωi
wherein:
i (x, ωo) is the color at the viewing direction ωo from the x point,
e (x, ωo) is the color of self-luminescence of the point,
f (x, ωi, ωo) is the surface reflectivity, representing the brightness contribution from the incident ray in direction ωi to direction ωo after surface reflection,
l (x, ωi) is the luminance in the ωi direction,
θi is the angle between the incident ray and normal,
cos θi represents the angle of the incident ray from normal.
Solving the rendering equation requires integration of all possible incident ray directions, which is a complex process. Based on the rendering equation, various ray tracing algorithms, such as monte carlo ray tracing, can be developed, and the approximate integral solution is performed by a random sampling technique to obtain a more realistic global illumination effect.
UE visual rendering formula:
L = E + KE + K
2
E+ K
3
E + K
4
E+……
wherein:
l represents real-time global illumination,
e denotes the self-luminescence of the object,
KE denotes a direct illumination of the light,
K 2 Erepresenting the first light bounce of the object,
K 3 Ea second light bounce of the object is indicated,
K 4 Ea third light bounce of the object is indicated,
and so on, wherein all the bounce illumination following direct illumination is referred to as indirect illumination, the more bounce the less contribution to the light source. The UE5 stores the BIM model into a UE5 cache through self-luminescence, direct illumination and indirect illumination of an object, so that real-time rendering enhancement of the BIM model is realized.
Claims (8)
1. A chemical pipeline visualization method based on BIM and UE5 is characterized in that: the specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) Systematic encoding is carried out on a complex chemical pipeline model by a multi-level library encoding method, a BIM modeling software is used for modeling a pipe shaft, a pipeline, a pipe rack, a repair channel and equipment, a chemical pipeline BIM model is established to form internal data information, and then a vertex clustering lightweight algorithm taking into account a pipeline elbow is provided for lightweight of the chemical pipeline;
(2) Obtaining DEM and image tif data, and establishing a terrain model through World Creator software;
(3) Acquiring construction information data of a chemical industry park, and establishing a chemical industry park scene model through Blender software;
(4) Collecting position information data of the model, matching the position information data with corresponding data of a digital elevation map, and calculating building height to form landing data in a chemical pipeline BIM model, a terrain model and a scene model UE5 scene;
(5) Combining the internal data information, the real data information and the model fall position data information of the BIM model into a data file, and corresponding the data file to the corresponding model;
(6) Exporting a BIM model into a format supported by UE, including FBX or OBJ; when in export, ensuring that the coordinate and direction information of the model are correctly embedded into an exported file;
(7) Opening the UE editor, creating a new checkpoint or opening an existing checkpoint;
(8) Adding an Actor or Bluerint in the checkpoint to represent the BIM model; adding an Actor or blumerint using an editing tool of the UE; setting position and direction information of a BIM model in an attribute panel of an Actor or Bluerint; importing the BIM model file into an Actor or Bluerint; when the model is imported, the UE automatically places the model at the position and the direction of the Actor or the Bluerint;
(9) Rendering of the scene is achieved through the UE5 scene editor, blueprint editor, special effects editor, character editor, and Lumen and Nanite technologies of the UE 5.
2. The BIM and UE5 based chemical pipeline visualization method of claim 1, wherein: in step (1), the BIM modeling software is selected from Revit or 3dMaxs.
3. The BIM and UE5 based chemical pipeline visualization method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), a multi-hierarchy library coding method is established to code a complex pipe network structure: firstly, dividing a chemical pipeline into 5 different components, and then subdividing each component, wherein one-to-one coding facilitates the later establishment of a chemical pipeline BIM model, and facilitates the inquiry of a user on the pipeline; the modeling process models the BIM according to the design planning drawing and the corresponding CAD drawing of the chemical pipeline in the chemical park, and the modeling content comprises a pipe shaft, a pipeline, a pipe rack, a repair pipeline, the number of equipment, a medium name and other internal data information.
4. The BIM and UE5 based chemical pipeline visualization method of claim 1, wherein: in step (8), the location and direction information of the BIM model is set using the coordinate system and rotator of the UE.
5. The BIM and UE5 based chemical pipeline visualization method of claim 1, wherein: in step (5), the real data information includes BIM model position, longitude and latitude.
6. The BIM and UE5 based chemical pipeline visualization method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (6), before the model is introduced, it is required to ensure that the introduced FBX or OBJ model has the correct proportion, material and texture, so that the chemical pipeline model in the chemical park has a realistic appearance.
7. The BIM and UE5 based chemical pipeline visualization method of claim 1, wherein: in step (8), setting the relevant collision volume and physical properties in the UE; meanwhile, shadows and illumination are required to be set in the checkpoint by using the Lumen technology, so that the scene is more real.
8. The BIM and UE5 based chemical pipeline visualization method of claim 7, wherein: in the step (8), rendering is carried out according to a Render effect rendering Equation; the rendering equation formula is:
I(x,ωo) = E(x,ωo) + ∫ f(x,ωi,ωo) · L(x,ωi) · cosθi dωi
the UE visual rendering formula is:
L = E + KE + K 2 E+ K 3 E + K 4 E。
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