CN117871363A - Slope soil body permeability coefficient monitoring method and system - Google Patents
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
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- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for monitoring permeability coefficient of a soil body of a side slope. Aiming at the defect that the permeability coefficient of the soil body of the side slope can only be measured under the in-situ unnatural condition in the prior art, the invention provides a monitoring method for the permeability coefficient of the soil body of the side slope. The method comprises the steps of leading groundwater at a measuring point to the ground to naturally drain water, and measuring the water flow movement characteristics of a water outlet; and (3) inversely measuring and calculating the elevation of the underground water of the side slope and the permeability coefficient of the underground water of the side slope by utilizing the flow velocity and flow change data of the water outlet in the measuring interval and combining the dynamic viscosity of the underground water and the characteristic parameters of the structural materials of the water guide pipe. The optimization scheme has the advantages that the measuring pipe and the auxiliary exhaust pipe are arranged to give consideration to the technical contradiction of undisturbed flow velocity measurement and enhanced water level elevation difference, and the local and integral precision and sensitivity of the measurement scheme are improved. The invention also solves the problem of measuring and calculating the hydrodynamic viscosity of the groundwater by using the ground environment temperature. The invention also provides a monitoring system scheme. The invention is a brand new technical scheme for monitoring the permeability coefficient of underground water, and has low cost and low energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a slope monitoring and measuring technology, in particular to a method and a system for monitoring the infiltration characteristics of a slope soil body, and belongs to the technical fields of environment monitoring and measuring technology and engineering geological soil body monitoring and measuring technology.
Background
Soil permeability coefficient is an important geological parameter of the side slope. In various slope safety and stability analysis, slope disaster prevention and treatment researches and slope disaster monitoring and early warning technologies, the permeability coefficient of the slope soil body is almost an indispensable soil body characteristic parameter, and is the basis of slope soil body microcosmic layer acting force balance analysis.
The existing soil permeability coefficient measurement technology mainly has two schemes, and the first scheme is to adopt on-site soil sampling and laboratory instrument analysis. Such schemes are often designed to develop various experimental measurement device instruments, even specialized instruments for different soil types, with the aid of precision sensors to collect relevant data. The method has the advantages of good measurement accuracy control and higher measurement result accuracy. The obvious defects are that the process is complicated and the time is relatively long; however, the more prominent defect is that the instrument measuring environment belongs to a closed ideal environment, the change of the environment conditions simulated by the instrument is limited, the stress of the test soil sample is relatively stable and uniform, and the test environment always has a certain difference from the field real environment.
The second category of solutions is soil in situ (in situ) measurements. The technical design of the scheme has the outstanding advantages that the field authenticity of the environment is measured, and the defects of the first scheme can be overcome in a targeted manner. However, the technical drawbacks of the existing in situ measurement schemes are equally apparent. The prior art ZL 201810501818.X discloses a soil body in-situ permeability coefficient measuring device and a testing method, wherein the measuring device comprises a pressure device, a pressure controller, a water flow velocimeter, a measuring rod, a pressure sensor, a vertical instrument, a water tank and a filter screen; the pressure controller is electrically connected with the pressure device, the water flow velometer and the pressure sensor, and integrates pressure display, measurement and control; under the action of the pressure controller, the pressure device of the product can provide negative pressure and positive pressure for measuring soil body through the vacuum pump or the pressure pump, and is suitable for sandy soil and clay. The main technical defects of the technology are as follows: firstly, a specific measurement platform needs to be built in the measurement process, the pressure pump always provides positive pressure in the measurement process, and various data are read under the condition. That is, although the measurement is performed in "in situ", the soil to be measured is actually a local soil under the condition of manual control all the time, and the measurement process is "in situ" but "unnatural", so that the in situ measurement loses the most important technical value. Secondly, the existing water pumping amount is large, power conditions are additionally increased, and additional energy loss is required. Meanwhile, the measurement parameters in the process are more, the monitoring process is more complex, and measurement errors are easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a slope soil body permeability coefficient measurement technology aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the technology can realize the technical value of field in-situ and natural measurement.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention firstly provides a method for monitoring the permeability coefficient of a soil body of a side slope, which has the following technical scheme.
A method for monitoring permeability coefficient of a side slope soil body is characterized by comprising the following steps of: determining an underground measuring site P, and setting the starting and ending moments of a measuring interval T and T as T respectively 1 、t 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Monitoring data D for measuring groundwater characteristics at a collection point P, said monitoring data D comprising a time t 1 And time t 2 Is a ground water elevation of (a) 1 And a 2 Time t 2 Is a ground drain flow W; measuring the characteristic data D of the groundwater at the collection point P by adopting a communicating vessel principle drainage measurement method, and back calculating P by utilizing the characteristic index of the water flow movement of the water outlet i The measuring method of the groundwater level features is based on the principle of communicating vessels, and the point P is measured by a water guide pipe i The underground water of the permeable cylinder is led to the ground to drain, and P is calculated back by utilizing the water flow movement characteristic index of the water outlet i A measuring method of groundwater level characteristics; measuring and calculating the soil permeability coefficient k of the point P according to the formula 1,
wherein, the soil permeability coefficient of the k-underground measuring site, m/s,
w-time t 2 Is the water outlet flow rate, m 3 S, determined from the monitoring data D,
r-affects the radius, m, determined by measuring design operating parameters,
R 1 drilling radius, m, determined from measured design operating parameters,
a 1 and a 2 -point P at t 1 And t 2 M, determined from the monitoring data D, a 3 Drilling orifice elevation, m, determined from measured design operating parameters,
b-borehole length, m, determined by measuring design operating parameters.
The slope soil permeability coefficient monitoring method is based on the fluid flow energy balance principle of the communicating vessel, underground water is led to the position above the ground, and the soil permeability coefficient of an underground monitoring site is inverted by monitoring the water flow motion parameter data of the ground water outlet. Based on the earlier study, the data base of the inversion calculation model comprises drilling data and groundwater change parameters at measurement time, namely ground water outlet water flow movement monitoring data (flow W), groundwater water level monitoring data (elevation a 1 And a 2 ). Elevation a 1 And a 2 Can be measured by the prior art (such as CN 2023114987624, a groundwater level height measuring method, a water storage capacity measuring system and application).
The invention optimizes the monitoring method based on the earlier research data. Specifically, based on Darcy's law, directly construct and monitor the inversion calculation model between the flow rate and the soil mass permeability coefficient parameter of the measuring site with the outlet, the groundwater dynamic viscosity is incorporated into inversion calculation model at the same time, guarantee that the influence of groundwater fluid property to the flow rate of the outlet can be reflected by the calculation model measurement. The groundwater elevation a at the point P at the time t is calculated according to equation 2.
Wherein, the a-point P is at the ground water elevation (m) of t, and v-is the ground row at the moment tNozzle flow rate (m/s), μ -groundwater dynamic viscosity (Pa.s), L-conduit length (m), ρ -groundwater density (g/cm) 3 ) C-hydraulic radius of water guide pipe (m), a 0 -drain elevation (m), g-gravity acceleration (m/s 2 )。
In the above-described optimization scheme, the groundwater dynamic viscosity μ can be determined using prior art techniques, as measured by experimental measurements or by direct reference to an empirical manual. In order to establish a technical scheme with consistent technical logic, the invention further optimizes the technical problem of measuring and calculating the hydrodynamic viscosity mu of the underground water by utilizing the water outlet to monitor the flow rate. The hydrodynamic viscosity μ of groundwater is calculated according to equation set 3.
Mu=fρ 3-1
Wherein f-groundwater movement viscosity (m 2 S), e-ground ambient temperature (. Degree. C.).
The optimization scheme of the slope soil permeability coefficient monitoring method not only optimizes inversion calculation, but also optimizes monitoring operation conditions as follows. The following optimizations are not required to be performed simultaneously.
In the optimization first and measurement intervals T, the water outlet of the ground water outlet of the measurement device is kept stable, and T is 8-24 h.
And after the second water guide pipe is optimized and installed, auxiliary water filling operation is performed at the water outlet end, so that the water guide pipe is full of water, and the water outlet is guided to drain. In slope groundwater monitoring, a slope body is generally utilized to make a drain outlet of a water guide pipe lower than a water inlet and form a certain height difference. Thus, after the water discharge opening is guided to start to discharge water, the water discharge process can be spontaneously and stably performed without any additional energy consumption for pumping water. The auxiliary filling operation can be that negative pressure is generated by pumping air at the water outlet end, or water is reversely filled into the pipeline from the water outlet, and the like.
N water guide pipes are inserted into the three water guide pipes and the water permeable cylinders, N is more than or equal to 2, the water inlets of the N water guide pipes are at the same point below the liquid level in the water permeable cylinders, the water outlets are at the same elevation on the ground, and the N water guide pipes are arranged on the groundOne of the water pipes is a measuring pipe, the other is an auxiliary pipe, and monitoring data D of the underground water characteristics of the collecting point P are measured from the water outlet of the measuring pipe. On one hand, the optimization ensures that the measurement of the underground elevation a can be completed by collecting the instantaneous water outlet flow velocity based on the superfine water outlet at the moment T, and on the other hand, the measurement interval a is improved 1 To a 2 The rate of change of (c) makes the subsurface change feature significantly easier to capture, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of the monitoring scheme in two ways. The N water guide pipes have the same specification. For different slope soil types, the more perfect design of aqueduct quantity is: if the side slope soil body is clay, N=3-7, if the side slope soil body is silt, N=7-13, and if the side slope soil body is sand, N=16-24.
And fourthly, the installation of the drilling and water permeable cylinder is perpendicular to the slope surface.
And the conical permeable stones at the tail ends of the sleeve pipes of the core layers of the water permeable cylinders are optimally kept in a single underground water-bearing layer, and the inner diameter of the water guide pipe is smaller than 5mm.
Based on the slope soil permeability coefficient monitoring method, the invention also provides a groundwater water storage capacity monitoring and measuring system, and the technical scheme is as follows.
A slope soil body osmotic coefficient monitoring system is characterized in that: setting a side slope soil body permeability coefficient measuring site P, drilling a hole at the site P, and placing the hole into a water permeable cylinder to ensure that groundwater enters the water permeable cylinder, wherein a water inlet of a water guide pipe extends below the liquid level in the water permeable cylinder, and a water outlet of the water guide pipe leads to the ground; measuring monitoring data D of the underground water characteristics of the collection point P when the water outlet is stable; and measuring and calculating the soil permeability coefficient k of the point P by using the monitoring data D and the measurement design operation parameters.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) The prior research of the invention discovers that a water flow pipeline between an underground drilling measurement position and a ground monitoring position is constructed by utilizing a water guide pipe, and the ground water outlet flow velocity of the pipeline can represent the underground water level elevation characteristic of a drilling hole based on the energy balance principle of liquid flow. The technical scheme of the invention expands the research findings, and measures and calculates the underground water elevation data at the appointed time (namely, the two ends of the measurement interval) by introducing the measurement time parameter represented by the measurement interval, and introduces the water outlet flow parameter into the underground water penetration characteristic inversion calculation model; meanwhile, no extra energy consumption in the measuring process is realized by utilizing the characteristics of the temporary surface of the slope topography. Therefore, the invention provides a technical scheme for monitoring the groundwater permeability coefficient completely in situ at a measuring site and under the condition of full natural environment. The method overcomes the technical defect of 'in situ but not nature' of the existing in-situ monitoring technology, and is a brand new technical conception for monitoring the permeability coefficient of underground water. (2) The invention further combines the law of groundwater seepage Darcy in soil, brings the groundwater dynamic viscosity and the characteristic parameters of the structure/materials of the water guide pipe into the groundwater elevation calculation model defined by the flow speed of the water outlet, integrally improves the accuracy of inverting the groundwater elevation calculation model by the flow speed of the water outlet, and also improves the accuracy of the groundwater permeability coefficient monitoring technology. (3) In the technical conception of the invention, when a communicating vessel principle drainage measurement method is adopted to utilize ground drainage outlet flow velocity inversion to measure underground site groundwater elevation characteristic links, the preferable scheme is that an extremely fine water guide pipe is matched with a high-precision tiny liquid flow velocity flowmeter to instantly finish drainage outlet flow velocity detection, so that only negligible extremely tiny disturbance is generated to groundwater level elevation; however, in the overall scheme of groundwater permeability coefficient monitoring, an ideal state is that a significant elevation difference exists between groundwater elevations at two designated moments, so that groundwater permeability characteristics are amplified to enable the groundwater permeability characteristics to be easily captured and monitored. In order to solve the contradiction, the invention improves the design of the water guide pipe, sets a plurality of water guide pipes and distinguishes the measuring pipe from the auxiliary pipe. Therefore, the measuring tube can adopt the design of a thin-pole water guide tube and a micro flow rate flowmeter, so that the flow rate acquisition precision is improved; the auxiliary drainage pipe can realize multi-pipeline parallel drainage, speed up the change rate of elevation and form an elevation difference which is as obvious as possible. On the basis, the water guide pipes are further limited to be of the same specification, so that the influence of the siphon effect of water inlet of the auxiliary discharge pipe on water surface disturbance in the water permeable cylinder on water inlet of the measuring pipe can be reduced. The optimization scheme gives consideration to the local and the whole precision and the sensitivity of the monitoring scheme, and improves the technical value of the in-situ monitoring technical scheme of the groundwater permeability coefficient. (4) The equipment and the implementation of the invention have the characteristics of low cost and low energy consumption, and are suitable for slope disaster prevention and control schemes of various mountain areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of a slope soil permeability coefficient monitoring method.
The numerical designations in the drawings are respectively: 1 a water permeable cylinder; 2, a water guide pipe; a 21 water inlet; 22 drain port; 3, drilling holes; 4, side slopes; 5 initial groundwater level
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the permeability coefficient of a soil body of a certain side slope is monitored by the method of the invention.
1. Object slope and monitoring instrument layout
The monitored object side slope is positioned in the Jiangshan city of Zhejiang province, the whole landslide has simple geological structure, the rear edge of the side slope has a wider rainfall infiltration supplementing area, the permeability of the soil body of the side slope is good, the annual change of the underground water level is larger, and the permeability coefficient of the side slope is closely related to the safety and stability of the slope body. The method is used for monitoring the permeability coefficient of the soil body of the side slope.
And performing field investigation to obtain background data of the monitoring scheme. The field investigation in the technology comprises various geological investigation, stepping investigation, mapping and measurement works aiming at the side slope field where the engineering is located, and the existing simulation experiment, test experiment, observation experiment, analysis experiment, history disaster record acquisition, relevant technical specifications, and experience methods and data acquisition with reference and reference functions in the field.
And a layout schematic diagram of a slope soil body permeability coefficient monitoring method.
For saving text, only a set of monitoring intervals T in the monitoring scheme is used as a sample for description below. The implementation monitoring scheme may be dynamic monitoring, i.e. spread out over successive multiple monitoring intervals T.
Based on the monitoring scheme background data, various measurement design operating parameters are determined (Table 1). In the prior art, there are various specific methods for measuring and calculating the influence radius R, and in this specific embodiment, a method for determining R according to two parameters of unit water yield and unit water level drop is adopted, and the specific details are shown in table 2.
And determining an underground measurement site P in the slope based on the background data, and determining a vertical projection site P' of the point P on the slope surface of the slope. At point P' is perpendicular to the slope borehole 4, and the depth is below the groundwater level, borehole 4 length b. A water permeable cylinder 1 is arranged in the hole,
the water permeable cylinder 1 is placed in a drill hole, the water permeable cylinder 1 is guaranteed to be perpendicular to the slope, the water guide pipe 2 extends into the water permeable cylinder 1, and the water inlet 21 is submerged below the liquid level in the core sleeve 13. The water outlet 22 of the water guide pipe 2 is pulled to the ground to be connected with a flow velocity measuring instrument. The conical water permeable stone 12 at the end of the core sleeve 11 of the water permeable cylinder 1 is kept in a single underground aquifer. Details of installation of each part of the device are referred to the prior art (CN 2023114987624, groundwater level height measuring method, water storage capacity measuring system and application). In this example, the flow rate meter selects a high-precision minute liquid flow rate meter.
After the water guide pipe 2 is installed, auxiliary water filling operation is performed at the water outlet 22. In this case, the auxiliary filling operation is to give the water outlet 21 a certain initial water suction to guide the water discharge to start.
2. Monitoring data acquisition
Setting the starting and ending moments of the measurement intervals T and T to be T respectively 1 、t 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Monitoring data D for measuring the groundwater characteristics at the collection point P, the monitoring data D comprising a time t 1 And time t 2 Is a drain 22 flow velocity v 1 And v 2 Time t 2 Is provided for the drain opening 22 flow W. And the water outlet of the water outlet is kept stable in the measuring interval T.
The monitoring data are shown in Table 1.
3. Inversion calculation
The embodiment specifically implements the optimization scheme of the measuring method, namely all the intermediate quantities are calculated and determined based on the dynamic characteristics of the water flow of the water outlet. Based on the measured design operating parameters and the monitoring data D, in turn: calculating the motion viscosity f and hydrodynamic viscosity mu of groundwater according to the equation set 3, and calculating the groundwater at the point P at the time t according to the equation set 2 1 And t 2 Elevation a of (2) 1 And a 2 Calculating the P soil infiltration system according to the formula 1Number k. The intermediate and result calculation data are shown in Table 1. Since n=10 water pipes 2 are designed, time t is the same as time t 2 The drain port 22 flow rate W of (a) is the total flow rate of the N water guide pipes 2.
Table 1 related parameter data
TABLE 2 empirical values for influencing radius R
| Unit water yield (L/s.m) | Unit water level reduction (m/L s) | Influence radius R (m) |
| ＞2 | ≤0.5 | 300～500 |
| 2～1 | 1～0.5 | 100～300 |
| 1～0.5 | 2～1 | 60～100 |
| 0.5～0.33 | 3～2 | 25～30 |
| 0.33～0.2 | 5～3 | 10～25 |
| ＜0.2 | ＞5 | ＜10 |
Claims (10)
1. The method for monitoring the permeability coefficient of the soil body of the side slope is characterized by comprising the following steps of: determining an underground measuring site P, and setting the starting and ending moments of a measuring interval T and T as T respectively 1 、t 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Monitoring data D for measuring groundwater characteristics at a collection point P, said monitoring data D comprising a time t 1 And time t 2 Is a ground water elevation of (a) 1 And a 2 Time t 2 Is a ground drain flow W; measuring the characteristic data D of the groundwater at the collection point P by adopting a communicating vessel principle drainage measurement method, and back calculating P by utilizing the characteristic index of the water flow movement of the water outlet i The measuring method of the groundwater level features is based on the principle of communicating vessels, and the point P is measured by a water guide pipe i Introducing underground water of the permeable cylinder in the drill hole to the ground to drain water, and reversely calculating P by utilizing water flow movement characteristic indexes of the water outlet i A measuring method of groundwater level characteristics; measuring and calculating the soil permeability coefficient k of the point P according to the formula 1,
wherein, the soil permeability coefficient of the k-underground measuring site, m/s,
w-time t 2 Is the water outlet flow rate, m 3 S, determined from the monitoring data D,
r-affects the radius, m, determined by measuring design operating parameters,
R 1 drilling radius, m, determined from measured design operating parameters,
a 1 and a 2 -point P at t 1 And t 2 M, determined from the monitoring data D, a 3 Drilling orifice elevation, m, determined from measured design operating parameters,
b-borehole length, m, determined by measuring design operating parameters.
2. The monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein: the groundwater elevation a at the point P at the time t is calculated according to figure 2,
wherein, the a-point P is at the groundwater elevation of t, m,
v-the ground drain flow rate at time t, m/s, determined from the monitored data D,
mu-groundwater dynamic viscosity, pa.s, determined according to the measured design operation parameters,
the length of the L-water guide pipe, m, is determined according to the measured design operation parameters,
rho-groundwater density, g/cm 3 Determined according to the measured design operating parameters,
c-hydraulic radius of water guide pipe, m, according to the measured design operation parameter,
a 0 the drain elevation, m, is determined in accordance with measured design operating parameters,
g-gravity acceleration, m/s 2 Constant.
3. The monitoring method according to claim 2, wherein: the hydrodynamic viscosity mu of the groundwater is calculated according to the equation set 3,
mu=fρ 3-1
Wherein, f-groundwater movement viscosity, m 2 /s，
e-ground ambient temperature, DEG C, determined based on the measured design operating parameters.
4. A monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: in the measuring interval T, the water outlet of the ground water outlet of the measuring device is kept stable, and T is 8-24 h.
5. The method of monitoring according to claim 4, wherein: after the water guide pipe is installed, auxiliary filling water operation is performed at the water outlet end, so that the water guide pipe is filled with water, and the water outlet is guided to drain water.
6. The method of monitoring according to claim 4, wherein: n water guide pipes are inserted into the water permeable cylinder, N is more than or equal to 2, the water inlets of the N water guide pipes penetrate through the same point below the liquid level in the water permeable cylinder, the water outlets are positioned at the same elevation on the ground, one of the N water guide pipes is a measuring pipe, the other water guide pipes are auxiliary discharge pipes, and monitoring data D of the groundwater characteristics of the collecting point P are measured from the water outlets of the measuring pipe; the N water guide pipes have the same specification.
7. The method of monitoring according to claim 6, wherein: if the side slope soil body is clay, N=3-7, if the side slope soil body is silt, N=7-13, and if the side slope soil body is sand, N=16-24.
8. The method of monitoring according to claim 4, wherein: the drilling and water permeable cylinder is arranged perpendicular to the slope surface.
9. The method of monitoring according to claim 4, wherein the conical permeable stone at the end of the sleeve of the permeable core is maintained in a single underground aquifer, and the inner diameter of the permeable pipe is less than 5mm.
10. A side slope soil body permeability coefficient monitoring system realized by the side slope soil body permeability coefficient monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: setting a side slope soil body permeability coefficient measuring site P, drilling a hole at the site P and placing the hole into a water permeable cylinder to ensure that groundwater enters the water permeable cylinder, enabling a water inlet of a water guide pipe to extend below the liquid level in the water permeable cylinder, and enabling a water guide pipe water outlet to lead to the ground; measuring monitoring data D of the underground water characteristics of the collection point P when the water outlet is stable; and measuring and calculating the soil permeability coefficient k of the point P by using the monitoring data D and the measurement design operation parameters.
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| CN202410058714.1A CN117871363A (en) | 2024-01-16 | 2024-01-16 | Slope soil body permeability coefficient monitoring method and system |
| JP2024013229A JP7479656B1 (en) | 2024-01-16 | 2024-01-31 | Method and system for monitoring the infiltration coefficient of slope soil |
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| CN102251529A (en) | 2011-06-02 | 2011-11-23 | 浙江大学 | Self-balancing siphon drainage method by using side slope declining drill hole |
| CN104196047B (en) | 2014-09-15 | 2015-10-14 | 浙江大学 | A kind of high-lift siphon drainge system of self-recoverage side slope and water discharge method of exempting from the reverse setting-out of power |
| JP6172825B1 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2017-08-02 | 株式会社地盤リスク研究所 | Slope stabilization method, slope stabilization structure, soil structure management method, and soil structure management system |
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