CN105810075A - Water-pumping triggered karst collapse process experimental device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of hydrogeology, in particular to a water-pumping triggered karst collapse process experimental device. Simulation limestone is contained in a karst collapse simulation box; a simulation limestone cavity is formed in the middle of the simulation limestone; U-shaped piezometric tube setting points are arranged in the simulation limestone cavity; a weakly water-permeable cover layer covers the upper surface of the simulation limestone; a cover layer deformation monitoring device is arranged at the upper part of the karst collapse simulation box; constant head overflow tanks are additionally arranged on two sides of the karst collapse simulation box; each of the constant head overflow tanks comprises a water inlet tank and a drainage tank; the water inlet tanks are connected to water pumps in a water storage tank and the bottom of the karst collapse simulation box, and the drainage tanks are connected to the water storage tank and measuring cylinders; the bottom of the karst collapse simulation box is additionally connected to the water storage tank by virtue of a drainage valve; and the constant head overflow tanks are arranged on lifting systems. The experimental device, which can simulate karst collapse in the field, is used for researching the mechanism and the process of karst collapse triggered by change in water-gas pressure in karst pores along with fluctuation of an underground water level; therefore, the experimental device is applicable to quantitative researches on water-gas pressure collapse inducing factors in a karst collapse process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydrogeology field, specially draw water triggering karst collapse process experiment device.
Background technology
Karst collapse refers in karst area, and the Rock And Soil above karst cave gap is made at nature or anthropic factor
Cause deformation failure under with, and form a kind of Karst dynamic system geologic process and the phenomenon of Collapse Pit (hole) on ground.
China is that karst collapse is grown the most extensively, be injured one of serious country in the world, and Karst Collapse Area area is up to
More than 340 ten thousand square kilometres, 23 provinces (city, autonomous region) in the whole nation all have karst collapse to grow.Karst collapse
All bring to urban construction, transportation, mining, irrigation and water conservancy, ecological environment and people's lives etc.
Serious harm.
The formation of karst collapse must is fulfilled for three below condition: (1) has the karst cave gap of opening upwards, for
The offer storage area that subsides of cover layer, and strengthen the hydraulic connection between loose pore water and Karst-fissure water；
(2) there is certain thickness cover layer, the time and scale that the structure of matter of cover layer and thickness occur to subsiding
Necessarily affect etc. having；(3) there is strong hydrodynamic condition, including the lifting of water level and flow velocity, flow,
The change etc. of hydraulic gradient.Three conditions are indispensable, therefore, when carrying out the physical modeling of karst collapse,
Must simultaneously meet three above condition.
The research of mechanism of collapsing the cause of karst collapse, has carried out theoretical, numerical analysis and physics mould
Type Test And Research Work.The main influence factor of subsiding karst area, formation condition, cap rock stability etc. are entered
Gone systematic study, and proposed multiple collapsed mode, wherein with latent erosion, Suction, air blasting etc. be main
Subside mechanism represent.Karst collapse and WATER LEVEL CHANGES, atmospheric precipitation and the earth's surface in solution cavity (soil cave)
Water body pours in down a chimney etc. closely related, and existing achievement in research has shown, water (gas) pressure in Karst Fissures tubing
Change causes the change of the molten chamber vertical osmotic effect of overlying Rock And Soil to be the basic reason of Water Bumping Possible To Ground Subsidence.For overlying
For weak permeable cap rock, Decline or rise of groundwater level may result in air pressure change in aeration zone and (negative pressure of vacuum or just occurs
Pressure), the change of air pressure produces an active force to cover layer, changes its stress condition, the simultaneously change of air pressure
Process reacts on the lifting process of level of ground water, affects speed and the heave amplitude of Decline or rise of groundwater level, at this
During individual, airwater interaction is strong.Thus, the change of water (gas) pressure in research corrosion pipeline further
Change process, change and the cover layer seepage deformation of water (gas) pressure are destroyed and couples cause and collapse process and mechanism has heavily
The meaning wanted.
Owing to Formation Causes of Karst Collapse mechanism is complicated, influence factor is numerous, and its generation spatially has disguise,
Having sudden on time, working to the on-the-spot prediction of karst collapse brings suitable difficulty.If used
Computer simulation is as research means, it is impossible to the preferably overall process of air pressure Temporal Evolution in simulation solution crack,
Cannot measure and catch important experimental phenomena and hydrogeological information, the artificial property of numerical result is relatively strong, right
In accurately simulation draw water trigger karst collapse process tool acquire a certain degree of difficulty.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the invention aims to provide a kind of rational in infrastructure, and can grind intuitively
Studying carefully draws water causes the process rule of water in solution crack-atmospheric pressure change triggers karst collapse, carries out correlation test and ginseng
The Sample devices that number measures.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Draw water triggering karst collapse process experiment device, including karst collapse simulation box, storage tank, karst collapse
There is simulation limestone in simulation box, have simulation karst cave gap in the middle of simulation limestone, simulation karst cave gap has U-shaped survey
Pressure pipe set-point is used for installing lucite U-tube, is coated with weak permeable cap rock above simulation limestone；Karst collapses
Sunken simulation box is provided above overburden deformation monitoring device；The both sides of karst collapse simulation box also have determines head overflow
Case, determines head spill box and includes inlet water tank and discharge casing, and inlet water tank collapses with the water pump in storage tank, karst respectively
Fall into and connect bottom simulation box；Discharge casing is connected with storage tank and graduated cylinder respectively；Bottom karst collapse simulation box the most logical
Cross drain valve to be connected with storage tank；Determine head spill box to be arranged on jacking system.
The triggering karst collapse process experiment device that draws water of present invention offer, has taken into account air stream to note, row simultaneously
The impact of water process, will provide direct experimental data for karst collapse physical test simulation study.By to examination
Test data to analyse in depth, in conjunction with this subject correlation theory, water-atmospheric pressure change during announcement karst collapse
Dynamic law, probes into subsoil water change process to the Changing Pattern of air pressure in solution crack, water-gas effect pair
The impact of karst collapse process mechanism etc..
The triggering karst collapse process experiment device that draws water of present invention offer, according to the principle of analog simulation, with open country
Outer karst collapse example is as simulated object, and under Study of The Underground fluctuation in stage, in solution crack, water-atmospheric pressure change is touched
Send out mechanism and the process of karst collapse, this factor that causes to collapse to water during quantitative study karst collapse-atmospheric pressure
Effect provides a kind of effective technological means, and the development for karst collapse academic research has certain promotion
Effect.Present invention can be suitably applied to the prediction work of karst collapse, to carrying out to prevent and reduce natural disasters, there is certain showing
Sincere justice.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description of the invention of the accompanying drawings present invention.
Karst collapse process experiment device is triggered, including karst collapse simulation box, water storage as it is shown in figure 1, draw water
Case 8, has simulation limestone 2, has simulation karst cave gap 4, mould in the middle of simulation limestone 2 in karst collapse simulation box
Intend that karst cave gap 4 has U-shaped pressure-measuring pipe set-point 3 for installing lucite U-tube, simulate limestone 2
It is coated with weak permeable cap rock 1 above；Karst collapse simulation box is provided above overburden deformation monitoring device 6；Rock
The both sides of the molten simulation box that subsides also have determines head spill box 5, determines head spill box 5 and includes inlet water tank and discharge casing,
Inlet water tank is connected with bottom the water pump 9 in storage tank 8, karst collapse simulation box respectively；Discharge casing respectively with storage
Water tank 8 and graduated cylinder 11 connect；It is connected with storage tank 8 also by drain valve 10 bottom karst collapse simulation box；
Determine head spill box 5 to be arranged on jacking system 7.
This triggering karst collapse process experiment device that draws water, according to the principle of similitude, by the karst collapse in nature
Example reduce according to a certain percentage and be fabricated to karst collapse physical test model, use sand launder analogue technique to carry out mould
During intending karst collapse, water-gas phase drives process mutually.In order to make model and each physical quantity of prototype become certain ratio
Example relation, the present embodiment defers to following 4 conditions: 1. geometric similarity；The linear dimension physical quantity of model is with former
Type should possess following similarity relation, if x* is affinity constant, and x*=xp/xm, it is prototype (p) and model (m)
Likelihood ratio n, the length (l) of this present embodiment, width (w), water-bearing layer thickness (H) and head value (hn)
Meet relational expression: l*=w*=H*=hn*=n, 2. dynamic similarity；During Decline or rise of groundwater level, karst cave gap
In air pressure will change (positive/negative-pressure occurs), should make Geological model ground water table change amplitude (Δ h) with
Model meets similarity relation, i.e. Δ h*=n, 3. kinematic similitude, during Decline or rise of groundwater level, should make geology
The ground water table change speed (V) of prototype and model meet similarity relation, i.e.4. boundary condition is similar.
Wherein, in karst cave gap, when underground water level decreasing or rising, owing to the weak permeable cap rock of overlying can not
Keep connecting with outside atmosphere in time, in solution crack, occur that air pressure change, i.e. malleation or negative pressure occur, according to several
What is similar, and karst collapse simulation box is the long 1m of rectangle sand launder, wide 0.5m, high 1m, arranges in rectangle sand launder
Having one piece of poly (methyl methacrylate) plate parallel with bottom land, the long 1m of plate, wide 0.5m, thick 15mm, the middle part of plate has one
The circular hole of a diameter of 10cm.Rectangle sand launder material is that thick 10mm clear perspex material makes, and is satisfied
The rigidity of device and intensity, lucite is all with the angle steel bound edge of wide 50mm.
For the ease of observation experiment phenomenon, karst collapse simulation box side is provided with a rowHave
Machine glass U-tube, fills the alcohol water mixture that density is 0.9g/cm3, and adds developer in U-tube
So as the air pressure change in naked-eye observation karst collapse simulation box.
Poly (methyl methacrylate) plate in karst collapse simulation box can i.e. simulate limestone 2 by lava for simulation；Poly (methyl methacrylate) plate
Between space be used for simulating karst cave gap 4, and the circular hole being parallel on the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of base plate is in order to simulate
The karst cave gap of opening upwards；The overlying soil of weak permeable cap rock 1 selects the cohesive soil that water penetration is poor, to reach
The purpose of karst collapse is affected to air pressure change.
The side of karst collapse simulation box, 5 pressure-measuring pipes of spaced set on same section.Pressure-measuring pipe lower end is worn
The lucite of karst collapse simulation box side is connected with simulation karst cave gap 4 thoroughly, and upper end communicates with air.Survey
Pressure pipe is for observing the air pressure change in the gap of Decline or rise of groundwater level Process of Karst hole.
In the surface of simulation opening upwards circular hole, a multiple spot laser displacement gauge is set, weak permeable in order to observe
The displacement deformation situation of the i.e. cover layer of cap rock 1.This displacement meter is highly sensitive, can accurate observational record cover layer
Micro-strain situation.
Use and determine head spill box 5 to control the water level of surface water body, determine head spill box 5 is provided with organic
Glass plate, is divided into inlet water tank and discharge casing, one of them opening of inlet water tank lower end and storage tank 8 by spill box
Interior water pump 9 is connected by flexible pipe, and the water injection well of another one opening and simulation karst cave gap 4 is by flexible pipe phase
Connect.The opening of discharge casing lower end is directly entered storage tank 8 by flexible pipe, determine head spill box 5 be fixed on
The jacking system 7 of screw thread and rocking handle.When rocking handle rotates counterclockwise, determine head spill box 5 and be gradually lowered, thus
Realize earth's surface water level decreasing.Otherwise determining head spill box 5 to gradually rise, earth's surface water level rises, thus realizes note
Water makes level of ground water rise.
Storage tank 8 is positioned at immediately below karst collapse simulation box, size: 1m × 0.5m × 0.3m.Thick 10mm's
PVC material makes, with the angle steel bound edge of wide 50mm.There is the water pump 9 of constant flow in storage tank 8, be used for trying
Test feedwater.
Flow measuring systems includes that graduated cylinder and stopwatch etc. form, and uses volumetric method flow measurement.
This experimental provision, can observe by changing: before water injection, in U-tube, liquid level is equal, in the gap of hole
Air pressure is identical with ambient pressure；After water filling, earth's surface water level rises, and level of ground water raises, and simulates karst cave gap 4
Interior air pressure can not keep communicating with air in time, the instantaneous increase of air pressure.After draining, level of ground water reduces, mould
Intend the air pressure in karst cave gap 4 can not keep communicating with air in time, the instantaneous minimizing of air pressure, vacuum occurs.Root
The air pressure in simulation karst cave gap 4 can be measured according to the U-tube head difference after stable, and can determine that its air pressure
Changing Pattern.
During the work of this experimental provision:
1. water level is descended to rise: first the head spill box 5 of determining at karst collapse simulation box two ends to be passed through lifting
Device 7 is preferably minimized position, and makes both sides determine head spill box 5 to be in same elevation, connect electricity
Source water pump 9 draws water, and after head spill box 5 undetermined starts spilling water, switch off the pump 9 power supplys, unnecessary
Water discharge after, close the water inlet determined on the outlet pipe that is connected bottom head spill box 5 with water pump 9
Valve, at this moment the piezometric head value of karst collapse simulation box side is all in same level, institute
In having U-shaped pressure-measuring pipe, liquid level is equal, represents that more than phreatic surface and air keep good connectedness.
Both sides are determined head spill box 5 be increased to a certain elevation (this elevation should be less than any U-shaped pressure-measuring pipe
Node elevation), open water pump 9, open the water outlet determining to be connected with water pump 9 bottom head spill box 5
Water intaking valve on pipe, water filling in karst collapse simulation box, earth's surface water level in karst collapse simulation box
Gradually rise, and U-shaped pressure-measuring pipe persistently occur that during whole WATER LEVEL CHANGES liquid level is poor,
Thus obtain the gas pressure intensity in simulation karst cave gap 4.Level of ground water rises the pressure change caused
Effect to karst collapse can use equation below to describe:
FP=(P0-P1) S=Δ PS (1)
FP+ f-G=C (2)
In above-mentioned formula (1), P0For the pressure (N/cm in karst cave gap before SEA LEVEL VARIATION2)；P1Become for water level
After change, U-shaped pressure-measuring pipe records molten intracavity pressure (N/cm2)；The forced contact face of cover layer when S is pressure change
Long-pending；In formula (2), f is the shearing resistance (N) of resisting overlay layer deformation；G is the deadweight (N) of stress cover layer；
C is constant, and as C ＞ 0, cover layer can subside, and as C=0, cover layer is in limiting equilibrium shape
State, as C ＜ 0, cover layer will not subside, be in steady statue.
2. level of ground water declines: the head spill box 5 of determining at karst collapse simulation box two ends is adjusted to higher position
(this elevation should be less than any U-shaped pressure-measuring pipe node elevation), and make both sides determine head spill box 5 to be in same
Elevation, the water pump 9 that switches on power draws water, and after head spill box 5 undetermined starts spilling water, switch off the pump 9 power supplys,
After unnecessary water is discharged, close the water intaking valve on the outlet pipe determining to be connected with water pump 9 bottom head spill box 5,
At this moment the piezometric head value of karst collapse simulation box side is all in same level, all U-shaped pressure measurement
Intraluminal fluid face is equal, represents that more than phreatic surface and air keep good connectedness.Then both sides are determined head to overflow
Stream case 5 be reduced to bottom karst collapse simulation box, open determine bottom head spill box 5 with going out that water pump 9 is connected
Outlet valve on water pipe, in karst collapse simulation box, earth's surface water level is gradually reduced, and U-shaped pressure-measuring pipe is whole
Persistently occur during WATER LEVEL CHANGES that reverse liquid level is poor.Level of ground water rises the pressure change caused to karst
The effect subsided can use equation below to describe:
FP+ G-f=C (3)
In above formula, as C ＞ 0, cover layer generation karst collapse, as C=0, cover layer is in the limit and puts down
Weighing apparatus state, as C ＜ 0, cover layer will not subside, be in steady statue.
After utilizing the present invention to carry out test, on the one hand can measure nature has the karst space of weak this layer permeable
Air under middle Decline or rise of groundwater level process difference heave amplitude, elevation rate is relative to pressure P evolution in time
Process, studies the pressure change facilitation rule to karst collapse, can measure different structure, difference simultaneously
Thickness cover layer karst collapse scale under the same conditions and the difference of time, find out and be prone to induce karst collapse
Tectum structure, for the reference value that the prevention prediction work offer of karst collapse is certain.Meanwhile, this is research
Water-the atmosphere interaction in triggering karst collapse that draws water provides a kind of effective technological means, to hydrogeology
The development of section has certain impetus.
The present invention is according to the principle of analog simulation, with the karst collapse case of nature as simulated object, by examination
Test can clearly, intuitively represent fluctuation in stage cause karst cave gap internal gas pressure change, cover layer deformation, permissible
Effectively simulation the type karst collapse starts-develops-overall process that terminates.Although the present invention has not compared with prototype
To the greatest extent the most identical defect, but have that the visual field is wide, directly perceived, the cycle is short, can be repeated several times, data are many and regularity is strong
Etc. advantage, can be used to simulate the karst collapse process of various structures.Meanwhile, the present invention is karst collapse field
Research worker quantitative study Suction, air blasting etc. cause mechanism of collapsing and provide method, solve Study of Karst Collapse
Quantification, a difficult problem for its mechanism of visual research in field, be possible not only to promote hydrogeology, Catastrophic geology
Discipline development, also for China's karst area collapse treatment, prediction work provide foundation.
Claims (1)
1. draw water triggering karst collapse process experiment device, it is characterised in that includes karst collapse simulation box, storage
Water tank (8), has simulation limestone (2), has simulation rock in the middle of simulation limestone (2) in karst collapse simulation box
Solution cavity gap (4), has U-shaped pressure-measuring pipe set-point (3) to be used for installing organic glass in simulation karst cave gap (4)
Glass U-tube, is coated with weak permeable cap rock (1) above simulation limestone (2)；Set above karst collapse simulation box
It is equipped with overburden deformation monitoring device (6)；The both sides of karst collapse simulation box also have determines head spill box (5),
Determine head spill box (5) and include inlet water tank and discharge casing, inlet water tank respectively with the water pump (9) in storage tank (8),
Connect bottom karst collapse simulation box；Discharge casing is connected with storage tank (8) and graduated cylinder (11) respectively；Karst
Subside and be connected with storage tank (8) also by drain valve (10) bottom simulation box；Determine head spill box (5) peace
It is contained on jacking system (7).
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| CN107240346A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-10-10 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | The experiment simulator and method of a kind of quantitative study karst collapse |
| CN107248361A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-13 | 重庆工程职业技术学院 | Experimental provision for simulating karst collapse |
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| CN109036065A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-18 | 成都理工大学 | Single layer waterproofing type cap rock is collapsed to because of experimental provision |
| CN110133221A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-16 | 枣庄学院 | For simulating the experimental rig of cavern's negative pressure |
| CN111122830A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-08 | 山东大学 | Covering type karst collapse simulation test device and operation method thereof |
| CN112362449A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-12 | 山东东山新驿煤矿有限公司 | Experimental device and method for simulating response of bottom plate karst water pressure to mining stress |
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| CN107167579A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-15 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of covered karst area hydrodynamic force causes the catastrophe Evolution Simulation experimental rig that collapses |
| CN107240346A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-10-10 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | The experiment simulator and method of a kind of quantitative study karst collapse |
| CN107248361A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-13 | 重庆工程职业技术学院 | Experimental provision for simulating karst collapse |
| CN108645998A (en) * | 2018-05-13 | 2018-10-12 | 桂林理工大学 | A kind of test method causing karst collapse for simulated groundwater |
| CN109036065A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-18 | 成都理工大学 | Single layer waterproofing type cap rock is collapsed to because of experimental provision |
| CN108986624A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-12-11 | 成都理工大学 | Saturating type cap rock is collapsed to because of experimental provision under upper resistance |
| CN108877451A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-11-23 | 成都理工大学 | Upper thoroughly lower resistance type cap rock is collapsed to because of experimental provision |
| CN110133221A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-16 | 枣庄学院 | For simulating the experimental rig of cavern's negative pressure |
| CN111122830A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-08 | 山东大学 | Covering type karst collapse simulation test device and operation method thereof |
| CN111122830B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-05-25 | 山东大学(齐河)新材料与智能装备研究院 | Covering type karst collapse simulation test device and operation method thereof |
| CN112362449A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-12 | 山东东山新驿煤矿有限公司 | Experimental device and method for simulating response of bottom plate karst water pressure to mining stress |
| CN113565488A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-29 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 | Karst collapse development target area selection method based on drilling base rock surface fracture network simulation |
| CN113957914A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-21 | 广西壮族自治区环境保护科学研究院 | Drainage guide system for dredging water gas pressure of karst system |
| CN114088920A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-25 | 贵州大学 | Rock soil material positive and negative pressure undermining test device |
| CN114215122A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-22 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Testing device and method for instability of transmission tower foundation under karst soil cave development condition |
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