CN117716936A - Ganoderma lucidum cultivation medium containing cassava stem scraps and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ganoderma lucidum cultivation medium containing cassava stem scraps and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117716936A CN117716936A CN202311728081.2A CN202311728081A CN117716936A CN 117716936 A CN117716936 A CN 117716936A CN 202311728081 A CN202311728081 A CN 202311728081A CN 117716936 A CN117716936 A CN 117716936A
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- 240000008397 Ganoderma lucidum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 235000001637 Ganoderma lucidum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000222336 Ganoderma Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 triterpene compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000005710 Auricularia polytricha Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000000024 Auricularia polytricha Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000006499 Flammulina velutipes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016640 Flammulina velutipes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000000231 Sesamum indicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003434 Sesamum indicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 241000121219 Tricholoma Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001058 brown pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012809 post-inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a ganoderma lucidum cultivation medium containing cassava stalk scraps and a preparation method thereof. And can realize waste utilization of cassava stem scraps, reduce waste, reduce the cultivation cost of ganoderma lucidum, improve the economic value of ganoderma lucidum and have environmental protection significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ganoderma lucidum cultivation, in particular to a ganoderma lucidum cultivation substrate containing cassava stem scraps and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, ganoderma lucidum cultivation mainly comprises log cultivation and material substitution cultivation, wherein the log cultivation is easy to cause 'forest fungus contradiction'; the cultivation of the substitute materials is increasingly applied, the matrix mainly consists of cotton seed hulls or wood chips, but the production cost is higher, and the raw materials in different areas are not easy to obtain, so that more and low-cost matrix raw materials are sought, and the problem of easy obtainment is to be solved.
Cassava is an important grain and feed crop in the south of China, is widely planted in areas such as Guangxi, guangdong, hainan and the like, is used for seed production and returning to the field in a small number, and is mostly waste. Although the cassava stalks are used for cultivating flammulina velutipes, auricularia polytricha, tricholoma lobayense and the like, the technical scheme for applying the cassava stalks to ganoderma lucidum cultivation is not known at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, based on the background, the invention provides a method for preparing the ganoderma lucidum cultivation medium by replacing cotton seed hulls or part of miscellaneous wood dust with cassava stalks, and develops the ganoderma lucidum cultivation medium containing the cassava stalk scraps and the preparation method thereof, so that waste utilization of the cassava stalks can be realized, the economic benefit is improved, the prepared cultivation medium is beneficial to enhancing the growth vigor of ganoderma lucidum mycelia, the ganoderma lucidum yielding time is reduced, the content of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide in ganoderma lucidum can be obviously improved, and the ganoderma lucidum quality is high.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a ganoderma lucidum culture medium containing cassava stalk scraps is prepared from solid matrix material and water;
the solid matrix material consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
8-85% of cassava stem scraps, 8-70% of miscellaneous wood scraps, 15-20% of rice bran or wheat bran, 0.8-3% of sugar and 0.8-3% of gypsum.
Preferably, the solid matrix material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-50% of cassava stem scraps, 20-40% of miscellaneous wood scraps, 15-20% of rice bran or wheat bran, 0.8-3% of sugar and 0.8-3% of gypsum.
Preferably, the solid matrix material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30% of cassava stem scraps, 50% of miscellaneous wood scraps, 18% of rice bran or wheat bran, 1% of sugar and 1% of gypsum.
Preferably, the solid matrix material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
50% of cassava stem scraps, 30% of miscellaneous wood scraps, 18% of rice bran or wheat bran, 1% of sugar and 1% of gypsum.
Preferably, the water is added in such an amount that the water content of the prepared cultivation substrate is 60 to 65%.
Preferably, the miscellaneous wood chips are hardwood wood chips.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum cultivation medium containing the cassava stem scraps, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Respectively crushing cassava stem scraps and miscellaneous wood scraps, and drying;
2) The cassava stem scraps and the miscellaneous wood scraps are soaked in 1% quicklime water for 1-2.5 hours, so that the raw materials can be softened, the raw materials can be decomposed and utilized by hyphae, and the functions of sterilizing, adjusting the acid-base property of the matrix and increasing calcium can be achieved.
3) Taking out the wood dust, the wood dust and the miscellaneous wood dust, mixing and stirring, adding rice bran or wheat bran, sugar and gypsum, adding water and stirring uniformly.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a ganoderma lucidum cultivation method, which is used for cultivating by using the cultivation substrate.
Preferably, the cultivation steps are as follows:
inoculating the cooled strain to the culture medium, and culturing in dark at 24-28deg.C and humidity of 60-70%;
after hypha is full for 5-10 days, fruiting management can be performed;
collecting Ganoderma when the edge of Ganoderma is white and powder spraying begins.
By adopting the technical scheme, the beneficial effects are as follows:
according to the invention, the cassava stalks are used for replacing the conventional cotton seed hulls or part of the miscellaneous wood chips of the ganoderma lucidum matrix, namely, the cassava stalks and the miscellaneous wood chips are reasonably proportioned, and experimental data prove that the prepared culture matrix is beneficial to enhancing the growth vigor of ganoderma lucidum mycelia, is beneficial to vigorous growth of the mycelia, shortens the ganoderma lucidum yielding time, has high bioconversion rate and high yield, is beneficial to improving the content of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, and realizes high-quality ganoderma lucidum yield.
And can realize the waste utilization of the wood dust rods, reduce the waste, reduce the cultivation cost of the ganoderma lucidum, improve the economic value of the ganoderma lucidum and have the significance of environmental protection.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
(1) Experimental materials:
test stock: ganoderma lucidum;
a strain culture medium:
the culture medium of the cultivated species is 78% of cotton seed hulls, 20% of rice bran, 1% of sucrose and 1% of gypsum; configured by conventional methods
Matrix preparation of the experimental group of the invention
The cassava stalk scraps are obtained by crushing and drying edible cassava stalks (healthy and mildew-free) after harvesting. The miscellaneous wood chips are wood chips of broad-leaved trees (oak wood chips are used in the experiment of this embodiment, and the miscellaneous wood chips of broad-leaved trees, such as wood chips of poplar, elm, oak, etc., may be used in the production).
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) Respectively crushing cassava stem scraps and miscellaneous wood scraps, and drying;
2) Soaking cassava stem scraps and miscellaneous wood scraps in 1% quicklime water for 1-2.5h;
3) Taking out the cassava stem scraps and the miscellaneous wood scraps, mixing and stirring, adding rice bran or wheat bran, sugar and gypsum, adding water and stirring uniformly.
According to different proportions of the cassava stem chips and the miscellaneous wood chips, a plurality of culture mediums are prepared with rice bran, sugar and gypsum to culture lucid ganoderma, the serial numbers of the culture mediums are respectively experiment 1 group, experiment 2 group, experiment 3 group, experiment 4 group and experiment 5 group, the culture mediums are respectively prepared with the miscellaneous wood chips, cotton seed hulls, the rice bran, the sugar and the gypsum to culture the lucid ganoderma, and the specific proportions are respectively control 1 group and control 2 group, and the specific proportions can be shown in the following table 1.
Table 1: formula of ganoderma lucidum cultivation matrix
(2) Ganoderma lucidum cultivation process
Comprising: matrix treatment, bagging, sterilization, inoculation, fungus generation, ganoderma lucidum yielding, harvesting and the like.
The matrix treatment is to mix the raw materials evenly, add proper amount of water, adjust the water content to 60-65% and the PH value is natural.
After the fungus bags are packed and pricked, the fungus bags are sterilized under high pressure (121 ℃ for 2 hours), taken out and cooled, and inoculated. Culturing at 24-28deg.C and 60-70% humidity under indoor dark place. After the mycelium is full of five days, conventional fruiting management is carried out, water is sprayed only when the humidity is insufficient in the fruiting period, and no medicament is used; collecting Ganoderma when the edge of Ganoderma is white and disappears and powder spraying begins.
Results:
1) Hypha growth and fruiting investigation
During the fungus bag spawning period, the growth condition of the mycelia is observed, and the growth speed of the mycelia, the number of days when the mycelia are full of bags and the statistical pollution rate are measured.
The average daily growth rate of hyphae was calculated from day 3 post inoculation.
Average growth rate of mycelium daily (mm/d) =amount of mycelium growth (mm)/days of culture (d).
Randomly selecting different substrate cultivation ganoderma lucidum fungus bags, measuring the fungus cap diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of the first tide ganoderma lucidum, measuring the total weight (dry weight) of the two tide ganoderma lucidum, calculating the bioconversion rate and the like.
Bioconversion (%) = total dry weight of dry sesame per bag (g)/dry weight of matrix per bag (g).
2) Analysis of ganoderma lucidum component
The ganoderma lucidum produced by the formula with highest biological efficiency of cultivating ganoderma lucidum by using cassava stem scraps and wood chips is selected, and the ganoderma lucidum produced by cultivating the cassava stem scraps and wood chips, the wood chip substrate and the cotton seed hull substrate are subjected to component analysis of ganoderan and triterpene compounds (the detection method adopts a method described by a part of ganoderma lucidum 196 pages in 2020 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia). The results were as follows:
(1) growth conditions of Ganoderma mycelia and fruiting body
Growth of Ganoderma mycelia
The fermentation test shows that the ganoderma lucidum mycelia grow fast in the matrix, the mycelia of the experiment 2 group and the experiment 3 group have the best growth vigor, and the mycelia are pure white, dense and thick; wherein the daily rate of hyphae of the matrix ganoderma lucidum of the experimental group 3 is obviously higher than that of the control group 1 (7.59 mm/d) and the control group 2 (8.45 mm/d). After the mycelia of the fungus bag grow fully, the mycelia on the surface of the fungus bag are gradually concentrated and white, then the yellow brown pigment is secreted out of the fungus bag after 5-7 days, the sponge cover of the fungus bag starts to bulge, and the mycelia are mature and can enter the fruiting management.
Table 2: growth of Ganoderma mycelia
Growth and agronomic traits of ganoderma lucidum fruiting body
The ganoderma lucidum cultivated by different matrixes can be grown well except for the experiment 4 group and the experiment 5 group, and the ganoderma lucidum cultivated by different matrixes is early in growth, and the fungus cover is nearly round, clear in wheel text and has lacquer-like luster. The mature days of the ganoderma lucidum with different matrixes are 33-35 days, and the ganoderma lucidum is reddish brown in color. Among all the cassava stalk chips and wood chip matrixes, the experimental group 2 and the experimental group 3 perform best and have the highest bioconversion rate; the two formulas have no obvious difference with two control ganoderma lucidum in the aspects of fresh weight and dry weight of one tide ganoderma lucidum, diameter of one tide ganoderma lucidum, total dry weight of one single bag and bioconversion rate.
TABLE 3 agronomic traits for growth of Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies
(2) Quality analysis of cultivated ganoderma lucidum
The content of main nutrient components of cultivated ganoderma lucidum
As can be seen from the detection results of polysaccharide and triterpene compounds of main nutritional components of ganoderma lucidum, the ganoderma lucidum cultivated in the experiment 3 group contains higher ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (1.40 g/100 g) which is higher than that in the control 1 group (1.06 g/100 g) and the control 2 group (1.22 g/100 g); the ganoderma triterpene compound has no obvious difference from the control.
Table 4 three matrix cultivated ganoderma lucidum nutritional ingredient content
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A ganoderma lucidum cultivation medium containing cassava stem scraps is characterized in that,
the composite material is prepared from a solid matrix material and water;
the solid matrix material consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
8-85% of cassava stem scraps, 8-70% of miscellaneous wood scraps, 15-20% of rice bran or wheat bran, 0.8-3% of sugar and 0.8-3% of gypsum.
2. The ganoderma lucidum cultivation medium containing cassava stalk scraps according to claim 1, wherein the solid matrix material is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30-50% of cassava stem scraps, 20-40% of miscellaneous wood scraps, 15-20% of rice bran or wheat bran, 0.8-3% of sugar and 0.8-3% of gypsum.
3. The ganoderma lucidum cultivation substrate containing cassava stalk scraps according to claim 1, wherein,
the solid matrix material consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
30% of cassava stem scraps, 50% of miscellaneous wood scraps, 18% of rice bran or wheat bran, 1% of sugar and 1% of gypsum.
4. The ganoderma lucidum cultivation substrate containing cassava stalk scraps according to claim 1, wherein,
the solid matrix material consists of the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
50% of cassava stem scraps, 30% of miscellaneous wood scraps, 18% of rice bran or wheat bran, 1% of sugar and 1% of gypsum.
5. A ganoderma lucidum cultivation substrate containing cassava stalk scraps according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein water is added in such an amount that the water content of the prepared cultivation substrate is 60 to 65%.
6. A ganoderma lucidum cultivation substrate containing cassava stalk scraps according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said miscellaneous wood scraps are broad-leaved tree scraps.
7. A method for preparing a ganoderma lucidum cultivation substrate containing cassava stalk scraps as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1) Respectively crushing cassava stem scraps and miscellaneous wood scraps, and drying;
2) Soaking cassava stem scraps and miscellaneous wood scraps in 1% quicklime water for 1-2.5h;
3) Taking out the wood dust, the wood dust and the miscellaneous wood dust, mixing and stirring, adding rice bran or wheat bran, sugar and gypsum, adding water and stirring uniformly.
8. A ganoderma lucidum cultivation method, characterized in that it is cultivated with the cultivation substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The ganoderma lucidum cultivation method according to claim 8, wherein the cultivation steps thereof are as follows:
inoculating the cooled strain to the culture medium, and culturing in dark at 24-28deg.C and humidity of 60-70%;
after hypha is full for 5-10 days, fruiting management can be performed;
collecting Ganoderma when the edge of Ganoderma is white and powder spraying begins.
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