CN117660016A - Soil conditioner for spinach heavy metal contaminated area and field management method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a soil conditioner for spinach heavy metal contaminated areas, which comprises the following formula components in parts by weight: 65-78 parts of organic matters, 12-18 parts of mineral soil adherends, 7-9 parts of adsorbents, 5-8 parts of chelating agents, 2-5 parts of bioremediation agent biological living bacteria and 1-3 parts of additives. The heavy metal soil conditioner designed by the invention can improve the soil structure, increase the water retention and permeability of soil, promote the microbial activity of soil and reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals by matching the components of organic matters, namely decomposed compost, biochar and organic fertilizer according to a certain proportion, and the mineral soil adhesion can form stable complex or precipitate with the heavy metals in the components so as to reduce the solubility and migration of the heavy metals.

Description

Soil conditioner for spinach heavy metal contaminated area and field management method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil heavy metal treatment, in particular to a soil conditioner for a spinach heavy metal contaminated area and a field management method.

Background

Heavy metal pollution of soil refers to the phenomenon that heavy metal elements with the level higher than the natural background level exist in the soil and have negative influence on the soil environment and an ecological system. Heavy metals refer to metal elements with higher density and higher toxicity, such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and the like, and soil heavy metal pollution is usually caused by human activities, including industrial emission, pesticide and chemical fertilizer use, waste treatment and the like, and the activities can lead heavy metals to enter soil and accumulate on the surface of soil particles or colloid, so that the quality and biodiversity of the soil are affected, and the heavy metal pollution has various effects on the soil environment and ecosystem. Firstly, heavy metals have an inhibiting effect on functions of soil microorganisms and a soil ecological system, so that fertility and productivity of soil are reduced, and secondly, the heavy metals can enter underground water and surface water through migration and dissolution of soil particles, so that pollution is caused to a water ecological system. In addition, heavy metals can also enter plants and animals through the transmission of food chains, potential threat is caused to the health of human beings and animals, the severity of the heavy metal pollution of soil depends on the type, content and migration property of the heavy metals, the pH value of the soil, the content of organic matters and other factors, and monitoring, evaluating and controlling the heavy metal pollution of the soil are important environmental protection and sustainable development work, including taking measures of soil restoration, soil protection and reasonably utilizing land resources so as to reduce the potential risks of the heavy metals to the environment and the health of human beings, and in order to solve the problem of the heavy metal pollution of the soil, the soil is usually conditioned and rationalized by using a soil conditioner so as to ensure the plant growth effect of a soil planting area.

However, the existing soil conditioner and field management method for the heavy metal contaminated area of the soil have the following problems: (1) The existing soil conditioner for the heavy metal contaminated area of the soil has a good conditioning effect in a short period, but the conditioning effect of the conditioner on heavy metal in the soil is reduced along with the time, the effective period of the soil conditioner is short, and periodic replenishment is needed; (2) The management of heavy metal contaminated areas in soil lacks systematic processing capacity, which affects plant yield in soil planting areas. For this purpose, a corresponding technical solution is required to be designed to solve the existing technical problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a soil conditioner for a spinach heavy metal contaminated area and a field management method, and solves the technical problems that the existing soil conditioner for the soil heavy metal contaminated area has a good conditioning effect in a short period, but the conditioning effect of the conditioning agent on heavy metals in soil is reduced along with the time, the effective period of the soil conditioner is short, periodic replenishment is needed, the management of the soil heavy metal contaminated area lacks systematic treatment capacity, and the plant yield of a soil planting area is influenced.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the soil conditioner for the spinach heavy metal contaminated area comprises the following formula components in parts by weight: 65-78 parts of organic matters, 12-18 parts of mineral soil adherends, 7-9 parts of adsorbents, 5-8 parts of chelating agents, 2-5 parts of bioremediation agent biological living bacteria and 1-3 parts of additives.

The invention is a preferable mode, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 73 parts of organic matters, 15 parts of mineral soil adherends, 8 parts of adsorbents, 7 parts of chelating agents, 3 parts of bioremediation agent biological living bacteria and 2 parts of additives.

As a preferable mode of the invention, the organic substance is composed of decomposed compost, biochar and organic fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the decomposed compost to the biochar to the organic fertilizer is as follows: 3:2:3.

As a preferable mode of the invention, the mineral soil adhesive comprises a main component and an auxiliary component, wherein the main component adopts lime, the auxiliary component adopts one or more of phosphate and sulfate, and the weight ratio of the main component to the auxiliary component is 5:2.

As a preferable mode of the present invention, the adsorbent is selected from two or more of activated carbon, clay mineral, and iron oxide.

As a preferred mode of the invention, the effective viable count in the biological viable bacteria of the bioremediation agent is more than 10 hundred million/g.

As a preferred mode of the invention, the additive consists of a water-based polyacrylate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, wherein the water-based polyacrylate accounts for 10% and the zinc sulfate heptahydrate accounts for 90%.

As a preferred mode of the present invention, the specific field management steps are as follows:

step one: conditioning treatment of heavy metal soil: turning over the soil and sun-drying the soil half a month before sowing, and then uniformly applying the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, and turning over the soil again, wherein the conditioner screening test conditioner is applied and applied simultaneously with the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, and turned over the soil and is cultivated for one week;

step two: and (3) field seedling and seeding treatment: selecting leaf vegetable seeds, sterilizing, soaking seeds and accelerating germination before sowing, deep-turning the base soil, selecting loose and fertile land parchment seedbed, applying enough base fertilizer in advance, beating enough base water, sowing after the seed treatment is exposed to white, covering soil, covering plastic film after holding flat, keeping the temperature at 28-30 ℃ at night above 20 ℃, properly cooling after 80% of the soil comes out, and gradually uncovering the plastic film before and after the appearance of the first true leaves. Proper strong seedling culture can be performed according to the growth condition of seedlings;

step three: and (3) fertilization and irrigation management: because spinach is a plant with a shallow root system and has low water and fertilizer absorption capacity, watering is carried out regularly in the later period, additional fertilizer is carried out for 2-3 times, the proper dosage is selected according to different requirements of different leaf vegetables on nutrients, the additional fertilizer is mainly biological organic fertilizer, a small amount of compound fertilizer is matched and applied, no more fertilizer is applied 2 weeks before harvesting, watering is carried out for a small amount of times in good time according to soil moisture content, uneven drought and waterlogging in the field is avoided, and the mode of high-efficiency low-toxicity low-residue unified prevention and control of pest and disease control work is carried out, so that the production and planting benefits of the leaf vegetables in the base are ensured not to cause great loss due to pest and disease damage.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention designs a soil conditioner for treating heavy metal soil, which is characterized in that the components of organic matters such as decomposed compost, biochar and organic fertilizer are matched according to a certain proportion, so that the soil structure can be improved, the water retention and permeability of the soil can be increased, the microbial activity of the soil can be promoted, the bioavailability of heavy metals can be reduced, and mineral soil adherends in the components can form stable complexes or precipitates with the heavy metals, so that the solubility and migration of the heavy metals can be reduced, and in addition, the added biological repairing agent biological bacteria can degrade the heavy metals, convert the heavy metal ions into a relatively stable form through enzyme catalysis or metabolism, so that the toxicity and migration of the heavy metal ions can be reduced, the concentration and the bioavailability of the heavy metals in the soil can be reduced, the treatment effect of the soil conditioner can be further ensured, and the duration of the drug effect can be prolonged.

2. The field management method designed for the heavy metal soil region carries out overall systematic management treatment on the heavy metal soil region from the steps of soil improvement, seedling raising, seeding, fertilization and irrigation, and can effectively improve the planting effect of the heavy metal soil region on seed plants.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

the soil conditioner for the spinach heavy metal contaminated area comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 73 parts of organic matters, 15 parts of mineral soil adherends, 8 parts of adsorbents, 7 parts of chelating agents, 3 parts of bioremediation agent biological living bacteria and 2 parts of additives.

The specific field management steps are as follows:

step one: conditioning treatment of heavy metal soil: turning over the soil and sun-drying the soil half a month before sowing, and then uniformly applying the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, and turning over the soil again, wherein the conditioner screening test conditioner is applied and applied simultaneously with the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, and turned over the soil and is cultivated for one week;

step two: and (3) field seedling and seeding treatment: selecting leaf vegetable seeds, sterilizing, soaking seeds and accelerating germination before sowing, deep-turning the base soil, selecting loose and fertile land parchment seedbed, applying enough base fertilizer in advance, beating enough base water, sowing after the seed treatment is exposed to white, covering soil, covering plastic film after holding flat, keeping the temperature at 29 ℃ after sowing and 20 ℃ at night, properly cooling after 80% of the soil comes out, and gradually uncovering the plastic film before and after the appearance of the first true leaves. Proper strong seedling culture can be performed according to the growth condition of seedlings;

step three: and (3) fertilization and irrigation management: because spinach is a plant with a shallow root system and has low water and fertilizer absorption capacity, watering is carried out regularly in the later period, topdressing is carried out for 2 times, proper dosage is selected according to different requirements of different leaf vegetables on nutrients, topdressing is mainly carried out by using a biological organic fertilizer, a small amount of compound fertilizer is applied in cooperation, no fertilizer is applied any more 2 weeks before harvesting, watering is carried out for a small amount of times in good time according to soil moisture content, uneven drought and waterlogging in the field is avoided, and a mode of high-efficiency low-toxicity low-residue unified prevention and control of pest and disease control work is carried out, so that the production and planting benefits of the leaf vegetables in the base are ensured not to cause great loss due to pest damage.

The invention designs a soil conditioner for treating heavy metal soil, which is characterized in that the components of organic matters such as decomposed compost, biochar and organic fertilizer are matched according to a certain proportion, so that the soil structure can be improved, the water retention and permeability of the soil can be increased, the activity of soil microorganisms can be promoted, the bioavailability of heavy metals can be reduced, and mineral soil adherends in the components can form stable complexes or precipitates with heavy metals, so that the solubility and mobility of the heavy metals can be reduced, in addition, the added biological repairing agent biological bacteria can degrade heavy metals, and the heavy metal ions can be converted into a relatively stable form through enzyme catalysis or metabolic process, so that the toxicity and mobility of the heavy metal ions can be reduced, the concentration and the biological effectiveness of the heavy metal ions in the soil can be reduced, the soil conditioner effect can be further ensured, the drug effect duration can be prolonged, and the field management method designed for the heavy metal soil region can be used for carrying out systemic management treatment on all aspects from the steps of soil improvement, seeding, fertilization and irrigation, and the heavy metal soil region can be effectively improved.

Example 2:

the soil conditioner for the spinach heavy metal contaminated area comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 73 parts of organic matter, 7 parts of chelating agent and 2 parts of additive.

The specific field management steps are as follows:

step one: conditioning treatment of heavy metal soil: turning over the soil and sun-drying the soil half a month before sowing, and then uniformly applying the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, and turning over the soil again, wherein the conditioner screening test conditioner is applied and applied simultaneously with the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, and turned over the soil and is cultivated for one week;

step two: and (3) field seedling and seeding treatment: selecting leaf vegetable seeds, sterilizing, soaking seeds and accelerating germination before sowing, deep-turning the base soil, selecting loose and fertile land parchment seedbed, applying enough base fertilizer in advance, beating enough base water, sowing after the seed treatment is exposed to white, covering soil, covering plastic film after holding flat, keeping the temperature at 29 ℃ after sowing and 20 ℃ at night, properly cooling after 80% of the soil comes out, and gradually uncovering the plastic film before and after the appearance of the first true leaves. Proper strong seedling culture can be performed according to the growth condition of seedlings;

step three: and (3) fertilization and irrigation management: because spinach is a plant with a shallow root system and has low water and fertilizer absorption capacity, watering is carried out regularly in the later period, topdressing is carried out for 2 times, proper dosage is selected according to different requirements of different leaf vegetables on nutrients, topdressing is mainly carried out by using a biological organic fertilizer, a small amount of compound fertilizer is applied in cooperation, no fertilizer is applied any more 2 weeks before harvesting, watering is carried out for a small amount of times in good time according to soil moisture content, uneven drought and waterlogging in the field is avoided, and a mode of high-efficiency low-toxicity low-residue unified prevention and control of pest and disease control work is carried out, so that the production and planting benefits of the leaf vegetables in the base are ensured not to cause great loss due to pest damage.

The invention designs a soil conditioner for treating heavy metal soil, which is characterized in that the soil conditioner is prepared by mixing the components of organic matters, namely decomposed compost, biochar and organic fertilizer according to a certain proportion, so that the soil structure can be improved, the water retention and permeability of the soil can be increased, the microbial activity of the soil can be promoted, the bioavailability of heavy metal can be reduced, and the field management method designed for heavy metal soil areas carries out all-aspect systematic management treatment on the heavy metal soil areas from the steps of soil improvement, seedling raising, seeding, fertilization and irrigation, so that the planting effect of the heavy metal soil areas on plants can be effectively improved.

Example 3:

the soil conditioner for the spinach heavy metal contaminated area comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 73 parts of organic matters, 15 parts of mineral soil adherends, 8 parts of adsorbents, 7 parts of chelating agents, 3 parts of bioremediation agent biological living bacteria and 2 parts of additives.

The specific field management steps are as follows:

step one: conditioning treatment of heavy metal soil: turning over the soil and sun-drying the soil half a month before sowing, and then uniformly applying the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, and turning over the soil again, wherein the conditioner screening test conditioner is applied and applied simultaneously with the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, and turned over the soil and is cultivated for one week;

step two: and (3) field seedling and seeding treatment: selecting, sterilizing, soaking seeds and accelerating germination of leaf vegetable seeds before sowing;

step three: and (3) fertilization and irrigation management: because spinach is a plant with a shallow root system and has low water and fertilizer absorption capacity, watering and topdressing are carried out regularly in the later period.

The invention designs a soil conditioner for treating heavy metal soil, which is characterized in that the components of organic matters such as decomposed compost, biochar and organic fertilizer are matched according to a certain proportion, so that the soil structure can be improved, the water retention and permeability of the soil can be increased, the microbial activity of the soil can be promoted, the bioavailability of heavy metals can be reduced, and mineral soil adherends in the components can form stable complexes or precipitates with the heavy metals, so that the solubility and migration of the heavy metals can be reduced, and in addition, the added biological repairing agent biological bacteria can degrade the heavy metals, convert the heavy metal ions into a relatively stable form through enzyme catalysis or metabolism, so that the toxicity and migration of the heavy metal ions can be reduced, the concentration and the bioavailability of the heavy metals in the soil can be reduced, the treatment effect of the soil conditioner can be further ensured, and the duration of the drug effect can be prolonged.

For the soil conditioner and the field management mode manufactured by the three groups of embodiments, conditioning and managing are respectively carried out on 30 groups of heavy metal soil areas, wherein the area of each group of heavy metal soil areas is 1 mu, and the specific operation effects are as follows:

according to the effects of the three groups of embodiments on the conditioning of the heavy metals, it is obvious that the conditioning agent and the management method adopted in the embodiment 1 have obvious effects, and the heavy metal soil conditioning agent can improve the soil structure, increase the water retention and permeability of the soil, promote the microbial activity of the soil and reduce the bioavailability of the heavy metals by collocating the components of organic matters such as decomposed compost, biochar and organic fertilizer according to a certain proportion, and the mineral soil adhesive can form stable complexes or precipitates with the heavy metals in the components, so that the solubility and migration of the heavy metals are reduced, and in addition, the added bioremediation agent bio-viable bacteria can degrade the heavy metals, convert the heavy metal ions into a relatively stable form through enzyme catalysis or metabolic process, so that the toxicity and migration of the heavy metal ions are reduced, which is beneficial to reducing the concentration and bioavailability of the heavy metals in the soil, further ensuring the treatment effect of the soil conditioning agent and prolonging the duration of the drug effect, and the field management method designed for the heavy metal soil area can systematically manage the soil improvement, sowing and fertilization steps, the seedling raising and the seedling raising of the heavy metal soil area, and the seedling raising effect of the heavy metal soil area can be effectively improved.

Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A soil conditioner for a spinach heavy metal contaminated area is characterized in that: comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 65-78 parts of organic matters, 12-18 parts of mineral soil adherends, 7-9 parts of adsorbents, 5-8 parts of chelating agents, 2-5 parts of bioremediation agent biological living bacteria and 1-3 parts of additives.

2. A soil conditioner for spinach heavy metal contaminated areas according to claim 1, wherein: comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 73 parts of organic matters, 15 parts of mineral soil adherends, 8 parts of adsorbents, 7 parts of chelating agents, 3 parts of bioremediation agent biological living bacteria and 2 parts of additives.

3. A soil conditioner for spinach heavy metal contaminated areas according to claim 1, wherein: the organic matter comprises decomposed compost, biochar and organic fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the decomposed compost to the biochar to the organic fertilizer is as follows: 3:2:3.

4. A soil conditioner for spinach heavy metal contaminated areas according to claim 1, wherein: the mineral soil adhesive comprises a main component and an auxiliary component, wherein the main component is lime, the auxiliary component is one or more of phosphate and sulfate, and the weight ratio of the main component to the auxiliary component is 5:2.

5. A soil conditioner for spinach heavy metal contaminated areas according to claim 1, wherein: the adsorbent is selected from two or more of active carbon, clay mineral and ferric oxide.

6. A soil conditioner for spinach heavy metal contaminated areas according to claim 1, wherein: the effective viable count in the biological viable bacteria of the biological repairing agent is more than 10 hundred million/g.

7. A soil conditioner for spinach heavy metal contaminated areas according to claim 1, wherein: the additive consists of water-based polyacrylate and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, wherein the water-based polyacrylate accounts for 10 percent and the zinc sulfate heptahydrate accounts for 90 percent.

8. A field management method for a spinach heavy metal contaminated area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the specific field management steps are as follows:

step one: conditioning treatment of heavy metal soil: turning over the soil and sun-drying the soil half a month before sowing, and then uniformly applying the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, and turning over the soil again, wherein the conditioner screening test conditioner is applied and applied simultaneously with the organic fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, and turned over the soil and is cultivated for one week;

step two: and (3) field seedling and seeding treatment: selecting leaf vegetable seeds, sterilizing, soaking seeds and accelerating germination before sowing, deep-turning the base soil, selecting loose and fertile land parchment seedbed, applying enough base fertilizer in advance, beating enough base water, sowing after the seed treatment is exposed to white, covering soil, covering plastic film after holding flat, keeping the temperature at 28-30 ℃ at night above 20 ℃, properly cooling after 80% of the soil comes out, and gradually uncovering the plastic film before and after the appearance of the first true leaves. Proper strong seedling culture can be performed according to the growth condition of seedlings;

step three: and (3) fertilization and irrigation management: because spinach is a plant with a shallow root system and has low water and fertilizer absorption capacity, watering is carried out regularly in the later period, additional fertilizer is carried out for 2-3 times, the proper dosage is selected according to different requirements of different leaf vegetables on nutrients, the additional fertilizer is mainly biological organic fertilizer, a small amount of compound fertilizer is matched and applied, no more fertilizer is applied 2 weeks before harvesting, watering is carried out for a small amount of times in good time according to soil moisture content, uneven drought and waterlogging in the field is avoided, and the mode of high-efficiency low-toxicity low-residue unified prevention and control of pest and disease control work is carried out, so that the production and planting benefits of the leaf vegetables in the base are ensured not to cause great loss due to pest and disease damage.