CN117464031A - Numerical control turning method for arc spiral groove of steel wire rope - Google Patents
Numerical control turning method for arc spiral groove of steel wire rope Download PDFInfo
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- CN117464031A CN117464031A CN202311304611.0A CN202311304611A CN117464031A CN 117464031 A CN117464031 A CN 117464031A CN 202311304611 A CN202311304611 A CN 202311304611A CN 117464031 A CN117464031 A CN 117464031A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a numerical control turning method for a circular arc spiral groove of a steel wire rope, which belongs to the technical field of turning, and comprises the steps of obtaining machining dimension parameters of the circular arc spiral groove, wherein the machining dimension parameters comprise the total height and the cutting width of the rope groove; calculating the radian of the rope groove and the radian of the chamfer according to the machining size parameters of the circular arc spiral groove; setting a quick safety distance according to the total height of the rope groove, and defining a datum line according to the quick safety distance; selecting a cutting depth; and calculating and generating a plurality of rope groove concentric arcs and a plurality of chamfer concentric arc sections according to the quick safety distance and the cutting depth. The invention can be suitable for machining the steel wire rope grooves with different models by using different numerical control lathes through parameterization machining, and can automatically generate a machining path by inputting corresponding parameters to automatically finish machining, so that the machining of the circular arc spiral groove is convenient and simple, the machining precision can be controlled, and the machining of the steel wire rope spiral groove can be finished efficiently and with high quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control turning, in particular to a numerical control turning method for a circular arc spiral groove of a steel wire rope.
Background
In the field of numerical control turning, the manufacture of a machining program of a steel wire wheel or a lead screw circular arc spiral groove is difficult because the circular arc spiral groove is special, the machining needs to be finished in a layered mode according to the size of the spiral groove (the machining size is more precise when the tool path is more), the machining program cannot be finished by using computer-aided machining, and a technician with special knowledge is usually required to finish the machining program, however, the operator of a numerical control machine tool is not a person with rich expertise, on the other hand, even the professional, the numerical control program is usually finished only by setting a plurality of different coordinate values of the cutting depth Ap direction and the cutting width Ae direction and combining the thread fixing circulation G33 of the numerical control machine tool. Although the programming of such numerical control programs is simple in terms of program structure, such programs have obvious disadvantages in three aspects:
firstly, the programming of rope groove processing is large (large programming is often not suitable for manual programming), mistakes are made by a little careless, and once the product size is changed, the programming needs to be re-programmed, thus the time and the energy are consumed, and obviously, the programming is unfavorable for the product updating and the processing quality requirements.
Secondly, the numerical control program has no operability. The optimal cutting parameters of the arc spiral groove processing are determined by trial cutting of a numerical control lathe, because the optimal cutting parameters of different machine tools, different cutters, different workpiece materials, different finish requirements and different processing precision are different, if the processing program cannot be changed in time in actual production, the optimal parameters are not easy to be obtained.
The circular arc spiral groove has the requirement of dimensional accuracy, but the cutter has tolerance, in addition, the cutter is worn in the processing process, and a numerical control program which can not correct parameters in time can not finish the processing of high-quality parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. The method is suitable for machining the steel wire rope grooves of different types by using different numerical control lathes through parameterization, and can automatically generate machining paths by inputting corresponding parameters to automatically finish machining, so that the machining of the circular arc spiral groove is convenient and simple, and the machining precision can be controlled.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present application provides a numerical control turning method for a circular arc spiral groove of a steel wire rope, including:
obtaining machining dimension parameters of the arc spiral groove, wherein the machining dimension parameters comprise the total height and the cutting width of the rope groove;
calculating the radian of the rope groove and the radian of the chamfer according to the machining size parameters of the circular arc spiral groove;
setting a quick safety distance according to the total height of the rope groove, and defining a datum line according to the quick safety distance;
selecting a cutting depth;
calculating and generating a plurality of rope groove concentric arcs and a plurality of chamfer concentric arc sections according to the quick safety distance and the cutting depth;
connecting the circle center position of the chamfer with the circle center position of the rope groove, wherein the intersection point of the connecting line with a plurality of concentric arcs of the rope groove and a plurality of concentric arc sections of the chamfer is a tangent point of a large arc and a small arc, and the tangent point of the large arc and the small arc divides the concentric arc sections of the rope groove and the concentric arc sections of the chamfer into a rope groove processing track and a chamfer processing track;
and cutting layer by layer according to the cutting width, the rope groove machining track and the chamfering machining track until turning is completed.
Preferably, the machining dimension parameters further comprise a chamfer circle center position, a rope groove radius and a rope groove pitch;
calculating the radian of the rope groove and the radian of the chamfer according to the processing dimension parameters of the circular arc spiral groove comprises calculating the radian of the rope groove and the radian of the chamfer according to the position of the center of the chamfer, the position of the center of the circle of the rope groove, the radius of the rope groove and the pitch of the rope groove.
Preferably, the generating of the plurality of rope groove concentric arcs and the plurality of chamfer concentric arc segments based on the fast safe distance and the cutting depth calculation includes generating the plurality of rope groove concentric arcs and the plurality of chamfer concentric arc segments based on the rope groove radian, the chamfer radian, and the fast safe distance and the cutting depth calculation.
Preferably, the turning method further includes calculating a tool path lower point:
and taking the intersection point of the rope groove machining track or the chamfering machining track and the datum line under the same cutting depth as the tool path lower tool point under the cutting depth layer.
Preferably, the cutting width is characterized by a cutting width increasing angle obtained by converting the equal length of the arc length of the rope groove processing track and the chamfer processing track.
Preferably, the machining dimension parameter further comprises a blade radius, and the selecting the depth of cut comprises obtaining a user-entered depth of cut value and adjusting the depth of cut value in combination with the quick safety distance and the blade radius.
Preferably, the step-by-step cutting according to the cutting width, the rope groove machining track and the chamfering machining track comprises setting a cutting position of a cutting An Quanliang representing a skip empty knife, and subtracting a cutting depth from a cutting safety amount every time one layer is cut.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the numerical control turning method for the circular arc spiral groove of the steel wire rope, provided by the invention, can be suitable for machining the steel wire rope grooves of different types by using different numerical control lathes through parameterization machining, and can automatically generate a machining path by inputting corresponding parameters to automatically finish machining, so that the circular arc spiral groove is convenient and simple to machine, the machining precision can be controlled, and the machining of the spiral groove of the steel wire rope can be efficiently and high-quality finished.
Additional features and advantages of the application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application through the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of structural parameters of a single rope groove of a numerical control turning method of a circular arc spiral groove of a steel wire rope;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of structural parameters of two adjacent rope grooves in a numerical control turning method of a circular arc spiral groove of a steel wire rope;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure of concentric arcs of different depths according to a datum line processing method of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a machining track of a rope groove with a cutting depth of 1 and a cutting depth of 5 in the numerical control turning method of the arc spiral groove of the steel wire rope;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a machining track of a rope groove with a cutting depth of 10 in a numerical control turning method of a circular arc spiral groove of a steel wire rope;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a rope groove machining track for enlarging a cutting width based on a cutting depth of 10 in the numerical control turning method of the arc spiral groove of the steel wire rope.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Aiming at the high-precision processing of the spiral groove, the following problems to be overcome are:
1. because the spiral groove arc is relatively large, layering rough machining is needed first.
2. The shape of the circular arc spiral groove needs to be more rounded by the cutter, and the more the cutter is, the more the cutter approaches the shape of the circular arc spiral groove.
3. Because the circular arc is not a whole circle or a semicircle, the cutter path is automatically calculated according to the bottom diameter and the top diameter of the circular arc by a program, and the cutter quantity is reduced, so that the cutter time is reduced.
4. And the problem of transition between the chamfer and the arc spiral groove is solved by calculating the chamfer path at the top end of the arc.
The solution to the above problems is as follows:
the method comprises the steps that a program is needed to automatically calculate the minimum limit size of an arc spiral groove, the minimum limit size cannot be smaller than zero, otherwise, a machine tool can display errors, and the minimum limit size cannot be larger than the maximum outer diameter of a workpiece plus the radius of a cutter, so that the idle cutter time is reduced as much as possible.
The maximum limit size of the arc spiral groove is automatically calculated by a program, cannot be smaller than the radius of the spiral groove and the cutter, and must be restrained, or else the arc spiral groove is cut excessively.
Thirdly, the procedure is needed to automatically calculate the tangent positions of the arc spiral groove chamfer arc and the arc spiral groove and the tangent angle.
The minimum limit size of the arc spiral groove chamfer is automatically calculated by a program, and cannot be smaller than zero, otherwise, the machine tool can display errors, and cannot be larger than the maximum outer diameter of the workpiece plus the radius of the cutter, so that the idle cutter time is reduced as much as possible.
And fifthly, the minimum limit size of the arc spiral groove is automatically calculated by a program, and cannot be larger than the radius of the spiral groove chamfer plus the cutter, and the constraint is needed, or else the cutting is over-performed.
According to the cutting depth parameters, the program is required to automatically calculate the tool path, namely the layering amount required in the depth direction, and the finishing allowance is reserved, so that the smaller the cutting depth is, the smaller the cutting force of the machine tool is, and the longer the cutting time is.
According to the cutting width parameters, the program is required to automatically calculate the tool path, namely, the point position coordinates subdivided on each layer of depth, the smaller the cutting width is, the smaller the cutting force of the machine tool is, the longer the cutting time is, the smaller the finish machining cutting width is, the smaller the machining roughness is, and the closer the machining roughness is to the drawing size.
With each calculated subdivision point, a micro thread groove is cut by G33 thread turning at a given pitch until the turning is completed.
Specifically, the first embodiment provided by the invention is applied to a Fabry-Perot numerical control turning system or a Siemens numerical control turning system, and the numerical control turning method for the arc spiral groove of the steel wire rope comprises the following steps:
obtaining machining dimension parameters of the arc spiral groove, wherein the machining dimension parameters comprise the total height and the cutting width of the rope groove;
calculating the radian of the rope groove and the radian of the chamfer according to the machining size parameters of the circular arc spiral groove;
setting a quick safety distance according to the total height of the rope groove, and defining a datum line according to the quick safety distance;
selecting a cutting depth;
calculating and generating a plurality of rope groove concentric arcs and a plurality of chamfer concentric arc sections according to the quick safety distance and the cutting depth;
connecting the circle center position of the chamfer with the circle center position of the rope groove, wherein the intersection point of the connecting line with a plurality of concentric arcs of the rope groove and a plurality of concentric arc sections of the chamfer is a tangent point of a large arc and a small arc, and the tangent point of the large arc and the small arc divides the concentric arc sections of the rope groove and the concentric arc sections of the chamfer into a rope groove processing track and a chamfer processing track;
and cutting layer by layer according to the cutting width, the rope groove machining track and the chamfering machining track until turning is completed.
The machining dimension parameters further comprise a chamfer circle center position, a rope groove radius and a rope groove pitch;
calculating the radian of the rope groove and the radian of the chamfer according to the processing dimension parameters of the circular arc spiral groove comprises calculating the radian of the rope groove and the radian of the chamfer according to the position of the center of the chamfer, the position of the center of the circle of the rope groove, the radius of the rope groove and the pitch of the rope groove.
The calculating the plurality of rope groove concentric arcs and the plurality of chamfer concentric arc sections according to the quick safety distance and the cutting depth comprises calculating the plurality of rope groove concentric arcs and the plurality of chamfer concentric arc sections according to the radian of the rope groove, the radian of the chamfer and the quick safety distance and the cutting depth.
The turning method further comprises the step of calculating a tool path tool setting point:
and taking the intersection point of the rope groove machining track or the chamfering machining track and the datum line under the same cutting depth as the tool path lower tool point under the cutting depth layer.
The cutting width is characterized by a cutting width increasing angle obtained by converting the equal length of the arc length of the rope groove processing track and the chamfer processing track.
The machining dimension parameter further includes a blade radius, and the selecting the depth of cut includes obtaining a user-entered depth of cut value and adjusting the depth of cut value in combination with the quick safety distance and the blade radius.
The step-by-step cutting according to the cutting width, the rope groove processing track and the chamfering processing track comprises the step of setting a cutting position of a cutting An Quanliang representing a skip empty knife, and subtracting a cutting depth from the cutting safety quantity every time one layer is cut.
The invention greatly simplifies the programming of the processing of the circular arc spiral groove, the parameterized input type program not only improves the processing efficiency of the circular arc spiral groove, but also ensures the processing precision, and in addition, reduces the complexity of the programming.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a schematic diagram of the structural parameters of the rope groove is shown, wherein,
#1 represents the Z-direction initial coordinate value of the rope groove;
#2 represents the Z-direction end coordinate value of the rope groove;
#3 represents the pitch unit mm of the rope groove;
#4 represents the starting point angle of the rope groove;
#5 represents the blade radius;
#6 represents a finishing amount (may be negative);
#7 represents a cutting depth ap;
#8 represents a cutting width ae;
#9 represents a safe distance;
#100 represents the rope groove top chamfer radius;
#101 represents the radius of the rope groove itself;
#102 represents the radius of the lowest point of the rope groove from the axis;
#103 represents the total height of the rope groove axle center from the top end;
#104 represents the distance speed representing the unit per millimeter per revolution;
#105 represents the approaching speed representing units per mm per revolution;
#106 represents a quick safe distance.
The partial parameter calculation process is as follows:
n18#108= #100+#101 (big and small circle connecting center line center distance)
N19#109= #108- #103 (center distance opposite side height)
N20#113= [ SQRT [ #108, #108- #109, #109] ] (# 113. Neighbor circle center distance)
N21#10＝#102+[#101+#5+#6]*2+#106*2
Quick push-out distance (# 10) =large round neck diameter+large round radius+blade radius+finish turning amount+quick push-out safety amount
N22#9＝#9-#7
(cutting safety amount + cutting depth per knife, key innovation, can lower the knife from any position,
the machining can be continued from the break point by changing parameters conveniently and halfway changing and stopping, and the blank cutter time is saved
N23 IF [ # 9GT0 ] GOTO 25 (whether the safety amount is 0 or not, IF not less than zero, it can be processed)
N24#9=0. (limit safety amount minimum, cannot be smaller than zero, protect)
N25#11=sqrt [ #100+ #101] x [ #100+ #101] - [ #113 x #113] ] (# 11. Line-to-line edge values
N26#12＝ATAN[#11/[#113]]
(N25N 26 key difficulties and innovation points, calculate the tangent points and tangent angles of the big and small circles)
N27#13=180- #12 (# 13. Small circle termination angle)
N28#14= #101- #11 (# 14. Small circle center height)
N29#15= #100+#5+#6 (Small circular fine radius)
N30#16= #101- #5- #6 (radius of circular orbit)
N31 IF[#16LT 0]GOTO 181
(PAR.7)
N32 IF [ #101- #9- #5- #6] GT 0] GOTO 34 (radius of circular limit knife track)
N33#9= #101- #5- #6 (# 9. Maximum safe distance)
N34#17= #15+#9 (# 17 radius of small circular knife track)
N35#18= #17- #11- #5- #6 (# 18. Small circular tool Rail is over-restricted)
N36 IF [ # 18GT0 ] GOTO 41 (# 18. Knife track is bigger than limit)
(PAR.8_LT)
N37#24= #14+#17 (# 24.X initial radius value)
N38#25=90 (not overrun, cutting start angle)
N39#26=0 (# 26, z initial value)
N40 GOTO 44
(PAR.9_GT)
N41#24= #101+#5+#6 (# 24.X initial radius value)
N42#26=sqrt [ #17- #18] ] (# 26.Z initial value)
N43#25=atan [ #26/[ #17- #18] ] +90 (over-limit cutting start angle)
(PAR.10_DEG1)
N44#60= #24×2×3.14159 [ #13- #25]/360 (small arc length)
N45#61= #60/#8 (number of segments of small circle processing trajectory, arc length)
N46#62= [ #13- #25]/#61 (small circle increment angle)
(Key difficulties and innovation points are that the cutting width is converted into an angle, so that turning subdivision is more uniform, the cutting width is required to be converted into an arc length because of curvature change of an arc, the arc length is converted into an angle again for machining, and machining roughness is uniformly distributed)
N47#63=abs [ #17×cos [ #13] ] - #26 (small circle horizontal end point distance)
(PAR.11_DEG2)
N48#19= #16- #9 (# 19. Radius of great circle track)
N49#70= #19×2×3.14159×90- #12]/260 (major arc length)
N50#71= #70/#8 (number of arc length segments of large circle processing trajectory)
N51#72= [90- #12]/#71 (large circle increment angle)
N52#73=2×19×cos [ #12] (great circle horizontal end point distance)
As shown in fig. 4-6, the point and the local tool path are simulated by a computer, only the tool path with the arc spiral groove with simplified cross section is simulated, the actual machining tool path is far denser than the tool path, and each tool is a tiny spiral groove (the tool path which is too thinned is simulated and the tool path track cannot be seen). FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a rope groove processing track with a cutting depth of 1 and a cutting depth of 5 in the invention; fig. 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams of a rope groove processing track with a cutting depth of 10 and a rope groove processing track with a cutting width enlarged based on the cutting depth of 10, wherein the cutting width is subdivided into arc length and angle processing, so that the processing roughness can be uniformly distributed.
The numerical control turning method for the circular arc spiral groove of the steel wire rope, provided by the invention, can be suitable for machining the steel wire rope grooves of different types by using different numerical control lathes through parameterization machining, and can automatically generate a machining path by inputting corresponding parameters to automatically finish machining, so that the circular arc spiral groove is convenient and simple to machine, the machining precision can be controlled, and the machining of the spiral groove of the steel wire rope can be efficiently and high-quality finished.
The invention simplifies the program, and some logic is the direct result after the program is simplified, such as:
n19#109= #108- #103 (center distance opposite side height)
The present invention encompasses a number of long-term processing techniques such as:
n23 IF [ # 9GT0 ] GOTO 25, judging that IF the #9 parameter is greater than 0, executing a command;
n24#9=0 otherwise, parameter #9 is assigned a value of 0.
On the other hand, the invention merges long-term processing experience, such as the problem of midway break points. For example, the arc spiral groove is about to be turned, but in special cases, the machining needs to be stopped, the machining is continued the next day, and obviously, the efficiency of the procedure is very low from the beginning, and the invention can continue to machine from the break point of yesterday by changing the cutting An Quanliang (# 9).
In the foregoing embodiments of the present application, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for a portion of this disclosure that is not described in detail in this embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. The above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be other manners of division in actual implementation, and for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be through some communication interface, device or unit indirect coupling or communication connection, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
Claims (7)
1. The numerical control turning method for the arc spiral groove of the steel wire rope is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
obtaining machining dimension parameters of the arc spiral groove, wherein the machining dimension parameters comprise the total height and the cutting width of the rope groove;
calculating the radian of the rope groove and the radian of the chamfer according to the machining size parameters of the circular arc spiral groove;
setting a quick safety distance according to the total height of the rope groove, and defining a datum line according to the quick safety distance;
selecting a cutting depth;
calculating and generating a plurality of rope groove concentric arcs and a plurality of chamfer concentric arc sections according to the quick safety distance and the cutting depth;
connecting the circle center position of the chamfer with the circle center position of the rope groove, wherein the intersection point of the connecting line with a plurality of concentric arcs of the rope groove and a plurality of concentric arc sections of the chamfer is a tangent point of a large arc and a small arc, and the tangent point of the large arc and the small arc divides the concentric arc sections of the rope groove and the concentric arc sections of the chamfer into a rope groove processing track and a chamfer processing track;
and cutting layer by layer according to the cutting width, the rope groove machining track and the chamfering machining track until turning is completed.
2. The numerical control turning method of the arc spiral groove of the steel wire rope according to claim 1, wherein the machining dimension parameters further comprise a chamfer circle center position, a rope groove radius and a rope groove pitch;
calculating the radian of the rope groove and the radian of the chamfer according to the processing dimension parameters of the circular arc spiral groove comprises calculating the radian of the rope groove and the radian of the chamfer according to the position of the center of the chamfer, the position of the center of the circle of the rope groove, the radius of the rope groove and the pitch of the rope groove.
3. The method of numerical control turning of a wire rope circular arc spiral groove according to claim 2, wherein generating a plurality of rope groove concentric circular arcs and a plurality of chamfer concentric circular arc segments according to the rapid safe distance and the cutting depth calculation comprises generating a plurality of rope groove concentric circular arcs and a plurality of chamfer concentric circular arc segments according to the rope groove radian, the chamfer radian, and the rapid safe distance and the cutting depth calculation.
4. A method of numerically controlled turning of a wire rope arcuate helical groove according to claim 3, further comprising calculating a cutter point:
and taking the intersection point of the rope groove machining track or the chamfering machining track and the datum line under the same cutting depth as the tool path lower tool point under the cutting depth layer.
5. The numerical control turning method of the arc spiral groove of the steel wire rope according to claim 4, wherein the cutting width is characterized by a cutting width increasing angle obtained by converting the arc length of the rope groove processing track and the arc length of the chamfering processing track into equal length.
6. The method of numerical control turning of a wire rope arcuate helical groove of claim 5, wherein said machining dimension parameter further comprises a blade radius, and wherein said selecting a depth of cut comprises obtaining a user entered depth of cut value and adjusting the depth of cut value in combination with a quick safety distance and the blade radius.
7. The numerical control turning method of the circular arc spiral groove of the steel wire rope according to claim 1, wherein the step-by-step cutting according to the cutting width and the cutting track of the rope groove and the chamfering track comprises setting a cutting position of An Quanliang representing a skip empty knife, and subtracting a cutting depth from a cutting safety amount every time one layer is cut.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311304611.0A CN117464031A (en) | 2023-10-10 | 2023-10-10 | Numerical control turning method for arc spiral groove of steel wire rope |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311304611.0A CN117464031A (en) | 2023-10-10 | 2023-10-10 | Numerical control turning method for arc spiral groove of steel wire rope |
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