CN117448672A - 一种120-150mm 400HB级特厚耐磨钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种120-150mm 400HB级特厚耐磨钢板及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种120~150mm400HB级特厚耐磨钢板及其生产方法,其化学成分按重量wt%含有:C:0.26~0.30%,Si:0.10~0.40%,Mn:1.10~1.50%,Nb:0.010~0.040%,V:0.035~0.065%,Ti:0.015~0.025%,Al:0.03~0.06%,Ni:0.50~0.80%,Cu:≤0.40%,Cr:0.60~0.90%,Mo:0.30~0.50%,B:0.0015~0.005%,Ca:0.0010~0.0050%,P:≤0.010%,S:≤0.0015%,O:≤0.0015%,N:≤0.0035%,H:≤0.0002%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。其生产工艺步骤是:冶炼‑>炉外精炼‑>真空脱气‑>连铸‑>板坯缓冷‑>加热轧制‑>淬火‑>中温回火。本发明钢板组织以回火屈氏体组织为主,裂纹敏感性低,钢板力学性能优良:表面布氏硬度370~430HB;心部硬度可达表面硬度的90%以上,延伸率≥10%,‑40℃夏比V型冲击功≥27J;满足了国内外工程机械行业对特厚耐磨钢板的使用要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于特种钢冶炼技术领域,具体涉及一种120-150mm 400HB级特厚耐磨钢板及其制造方法。
背景技术
耐磨钢板广泛应用于工程机械、农用机械、矿山采运、道路运输等行业要求强度高、耐磨性好的机械设备上,如挖掘机、推土机、刮板输送机、矿用自卸车等。近年来,随着设备的日益大型化,大厚度规格耐磨钢板的需求日益增加。厚度的增加给耐磨钢的生产带来了众多技术难题:1)厚度增加,由于淬透性问题,耐磨钢硬度从表面到心部迅速下降,在表面淬硬层磨损后,设备使用寿命急剧下降;2)大厚度耐磨钢板的低温冲击韧性无法保证;3)随着厚度的增加耐磨钢板切割开裂风险大幅增加。
中国专利CN110527920B介绍了一种60~80mm特厚耐磨钢板及其制造方法。钢板采用900℃淬火+270℃低温回火热处理,表面硬度390~430HB,心部硬度可达表面硬度的85%以上。该发明对低温冲击韧性未做保证。
中国专利CN107299279A介绍了一种100mm厚410HB级耐磨钢板及其制造方法,钢板淬火温度905~925℃,回火200~240℃,表面硬度410HB,抗拉强度≥1200MPa,-30℃冲击功≥30J,组织形态为回火马氏体。
中国专利CN12063917A提供了一种最大厚度120mm的人造板用耐磨钢板。钢板同样在880~920℃进行淬火,在180~220℃进行回火,表面硬度400~500HB。该发明对心部硬度及低温冲击韧性未做研究。
为推动国内大厚度耐磨钢板的发展,国家标准GB/T24186-2022对400HB耐磨钢板的厚度上限做了修订,目前支持的最大厚度为120mm,但该标准只对80mm以下钢板提出了心部硬度的规定。
综上所述,目前国内对大厚度400HB级耐磨钢板的研发主要集中在120mm以下,对120mm以上的特厚耐磨钢板-40℃低温冲击韧性低、心部硬度下降及钢板切割开裂等问题研究较少。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术提供一种120~150mm400HB特厚耐磨钢板及其制造方法,该低合金耐磨钢板显微组织为回火屈氏体;表面布氏硬度370~430HB;心部硬度可达表面硬度的90%以上,即333~430HB,延伸率≥10%,-40℃夏比V型冲击功≥27J。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为:一种120~150mm400HB特厚耐磨钢板,所述钢板的化学成分按质量百分比计为C:0.26~0.30%,Si:0.10~0.40%,Mn:1.10~1.50%,Nb:0.010~0.040%,V:0.035~0.065%,Ti:0.015~0.025%,Al:0.03~0.06%,Ni:0.50~0.80%,Cu:≤0.40%,Cr:0.60~0.90%,Mo:0.30~0.50%,B:0.0015~0.005%,Ca:0.0010~0.0050%,P:≤0.010%,S:≤0.0015%,O:≤0.0015%,N:≤0.0035%,H:≤0.0002%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。
本发明中钢成分的限定理由阐述如下:
C:碳含量决定了钢板的硬度。碳含量低,硬度低、韧性好、焊接性优良;碳含量高,淬火马氏体转变完全,强度高,硬度高,耐磨性好,但钢板塑韧性降低,焊接性差。基于钢板硬度、耐磨性和焊接性需要,本发明中碳含量控制为0.26~0.30%。
Si:硅固溶在铁素体和奥氏体中提高强度和硬度。含量过高会恶化马氏体钢的韧性,本发明中硅含量控制在0.10~0.40%之间。
Mn:增加奥氏体稳定性,淬火时降低马氏体转变临界冷却速度,强烈提高钢的淬透性。当锰的含量较低,上述作用不显著,钢板强度和韧性偏低等。过高时有使晶粒粗化的倾向,同时会引起连铸坯偏析形成MnS、韧性差和可焊性降低,故本发明规定锰含量加入量介于1.10~1.50%的范围内。
Nb/V/Ti:是强烈的C、N化物的形成元素,起到对奥氏体晶界的钉扎作用,在加热时抑制奥氏体晶粒的长大,并在轧制和回火过程中析出,显著提高钢的强度和韧性。本发明主要通过Nb/Ti的固溶和形变诱导析出控制晶粒大小;本发明为解决特厚钢板的切割裂纹问题,采用400~500℃的中温回火,彻底去除淬火马氏体应力,为弥补中温回火强度的降低,添加适量的V,通过V的回火析出,提高钢的强度和硬度,增加回火稳定性。本发明规定铌含量应介于0.010~0.040%;Ti含量0.015~0.025%;钒含量应介于0.035~0.065%的范围内。
Al:强脱氧元素,同时与N有较强的亲和力,可以消除N元素造成的时效敏感性。N化物的析出起到细化奥氏体晶粒的效果,保护了B元素的淬透性作用。本发明中,规定Al含量应介于0.030~0.060%。
Ni、Cu:有效提高钢的低温韧性的最常用元素,但成本较高。为提高特厚钢板-40℃低温冲击韧性,本发明Ni含量控制为0.50~0.80%,Cu控制为≤0.40%。
Cr:降低马氏体转变临界冷却速度,提高淬透性。Cr在钢中还可以形成多种碳化物,提高钢的强度、硬度和耐磨性,提高钢的高温回火抗力。Cr含量过高会降低钢板的可焊接性。本发明中铬含量控制在0.60~0.90%。
Mo:大幅提高钢淬透性的元素,有利于淬火时全马氏体的形成,提高钢板冲击韧性。Mo同时是强碳化物形成元素,通过影响C的扩散速率,细化析出碳化物尺寸,提高高温回火抗力,使得钢板在中高温范围内可以维持一定的强度、硬度和耐磨性。本发明中Mo含量控制在0.30~0.50%。
B:本发明加入0.0015~0.0050%的微量B,其主要目的是提高钢板的淬透性,从而减少其他贵重金属的添加量,降低成本。超过0.005%的B很容易产生偏析,形成硼化物,严重恶化钢板韧性和降低淬透性。
Ca:Ca处理通常用来进行夹杂物变性处理,改变MnS等长条状夹杂物为CaS等球形夹杂物,降低钢板各向异性,提高钢板综合性能。本发明控制Ca含量0.0010~0.0050%。
P:有害元素,对材料塑性和韧性有不利影响。本发明追求超纯净钢,严格控制P含量≤0.01%。
S:钢中有害元素,对材料塑性和韧性有不利影响。S含量高,极易形成MnS等长条夹杂物,导致钢板各向异性,容易发生分层开裂。本发明要求S:≤0.0015%。
O、N、H:有害气体元素,含量高,夹杂物多,易产生白点,大大降低钢板塑性、韧性,产生切割延迟裂纹。本发明严格控制O含量不高于0.0015%;N含量不高于0.0035%;H含量≤0.0002%。
本发明另提供上述一种400HB特厚耐磨钢板的制备方法,具体工艺如下,
冶炼连铸工艺:采用转炉方式冶炼,然后送入LF精炼炉进行精炼,并经过VD或RH真空处理。为确保特厚钢板低温韧性,夹杂物控制A、B、C、D细类夹杂物总级别≤2.5。
连铸工艺:铸坯和成品压缩比≥3,采用450mm特厚连铸板坯进行低过热度浇注生产,钢水过热度控制在5~25℃;凝固末端采用大压下控制,压下量不低于10mm;中心偏析不高于C1.0级,中心疏松不高于1.0级。
板坯缓冷:铸坯下线后,必须进行入坑或加罩缓冷处理。处理开始温度要求控制在650~700℃,时间不得低于48小时,缓冷速度≤5℃/h。
加热轧制工艺:将铸坯进入步进式加热炉,加热至1200-1250℃,待心部温度到达表面温度时开始保温,保温时间不低于30min。钢坯出炉后进行粗轧+精轧两阶段控制轧制,细化晶粒,提高强度和韧性。粗轧的开轧温度介于1000~1100℃。为保证钢板心部变形,钢板轧制主要在粗轧阶段完成。粗轧后中间坯厚度控制在1.3~1.5H,其中H为成品厚度。精轧开轧温度介于800~850℃。轧制完成之后钢板过ACC机组进行加速冷却,终冷温度控制在600~700℃,冷却速度要求≥6℃/s,细化晶粒,为后续离线淬火获得细小的马氏体板条,提高低温冲击韧性提供良好基础。
淬火热处理工艺:轧制后钢板进行离线淬火处理。淬火温度880~940℃,炉温到温后保温时间为80~120min。为保证钢板的均匀性,温度控制精度为±10℃,确保获得均匀的淬火马氏体组织。
回火热处理工艺:钢板淬火后,需要在400~500℃进行中温回火。钢板心部到温后,回火保温时间150~220min。钢板获得稳定的回火屈氏体组织,内应力获得完全去除,低温冲击韧性优良,同时钢板切割裂纹风险大幅降低。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
本发明采用国内最厚450mm特厚连铸板坯成功开发最大厚度150mm 400HB低合金耐磨钢板。120-150mm特厚钢板截面性能优良,心部硬度可达表面硬度的90%以上。
本发明采用纯净钢冶炼,夹杂物控制A、B、C、D细类夹杂物总级别≤2.5;连铸凝固末端采用大压下工艺,压下量≥10mm;铸坯采用缓冷处理,时间不得低于48小时,缓冷速度≤5℃/h;确保特厚钢板截面性能优良。
本发明采用中碳,Cr-Mo-V合金化,打破了传统耐磨钢淬火+低温回火的传统生产路线,采用400~500℃中温回火,可完全消除淬火马氏体应力,大幅降低切割裂纹风险。
本发明组织与常规耐磨钢板的回火马氏体不同,为回火屈氏体。该组织不仅具有高强度、高硬度,而且裂纹敏感性低,同时韧性优于回火马氏体,可确保特厚钢板-40℃低温冲击优良。
本发明解决了特厚耐磨钢板随厚度增加,心部硬度下降、无法保证-40℃低温冲击韧性及切割裂纹等关键生产问题,生产流程简单,生产工艺稳定,为国内特厚高强耐磨钢板的生产提供了解决思路。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的试验钢1/4厚度处典型组织金相图片(500X)。
图2是本发明实施例1的试验钢心部典型组织金相图片(500X)。
具体实施方式
结合本发明的较佳实施例对本发明的技术方案作更详细的描述。但该等实施例仅是对本发明较佳实施方式的描述,而不能对本发明的范围产生任何限制。
本发明的耐高温耐磨钢的生产工艺流程为:转炉炼钢->LF精炼->VD或RH高真空脱气->连铸->铸坯缓冷->加热->轧制->淬火->中温回火
本发明实施例1-2的耐高温耐磨钢板的生产方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)冶炼:采用电炉或转炉方式冶炼,然后送入LF精炼炉进行精炼,并经过VD或RH真空处理。夹杂物控制A、B、C、D细类夹杂物级别0.5级;成分控制见表1。
(2)连铸:将冶炼的钢水浇铸成450mm特厚连铸板坯。浇铸温度控制在液相线以上5~25℃。凝固末端采用大压下控制,压下量≥10mm。中心偏析不高于C1.0级,中心疏松不高于1.0级。相关工艺参数见表2。
(3)板坯缓冷:铸坯下线后,入坑缓冷处理。处理开始温度控制在650~700℃,时间≥48小时,缓冷速度≤5℃/h。
(4)加热轧制:将步骤(2)所得连铸坯放入步进式加热炉,将铸坯进入步进式加热炉,加热至1200~1250℃,待心部温度到达表面温度时开始保温,保温时间不低于30min。钢坯出炉后进行粗轧+精轧两阶段控制轧制。粗轧的开轧温度介于1000~1100℃。粗轧后中间坯厚度控制在1.3~1.5H,其中H为成品厚度。精轧开轧温度介于800~850℃。轧制完成之后钢板过ACC机组进行加速冷却,终冷温度控制在600~700℃,冷却速度要求≥6℃/s。相关工艺参数见表3。
(5)淬火:钢板淬火温度为920±10℃,保温时间为80~120min,淬火介质为水。
(6)回火:淬火钢板进入回火炉进行高温回火,回火温度400~500℃,保温时间150~220min。
具体成分、工艺参数见表1~表4。各实例样板对应的性能见表5。
图1给出了实施例1试验钢1/4厚度的微观组织照片。成品钢板的微观组织为均一的回火屈氏体,铁素体基体上弥散着细小均匀的析出物。图2为实施例1试验钢心部的微观组织照片。组织以回火屈氏体为主,含有少量的贝氏体体。
本发明采用高洁净度炼钢连铸工艺,控轧控冷,离线淬火,及中温回火,从化学成分设计、母材组织等角度进行控制,保证了特厚耐磨钢板截面力学性能及低裂纹敏感性,为工程机械耐磨设备超大型化使用提供了可行性。
表1实施例耐磨钢板的化学成分(wt%)
表2连铸工艺控制
实施例 | 过热度,℃ | 大压下量,mm | 中心偏析 | 中心疏松 |
1 | 18 | 12 | C0.5 | 0.5 |
2 | 16 | 11 | C0.5 | 0.5 |
表3轧制工艺控制`
表4热处理工艺控制`
表5本发明实施例硬度、拉伸、冲击
尽管以上详细地描述了本发明的优选实施例,但是应该清楚地理解,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种120~150mm400HB级特厚耐磨钢板,其特征在于:所述钢板的化学成分按质量百分比计为C:0.26~0.30%,Si:0.10~0.40%,Mn:1.10~1.50%,Nb:0.010~0.040%,V:0.035~0.065%,Ti:0.015~0.025%,Al:0.03~0.06%,Ni:0.50~0.80%,Cu:≤0.40%,Cr:0.60~0.90%,Mo:0.30~0.50%,B:0.0015~0.005%,Ca:0.0010~0.0050%,P:≤0.010%,S:≤0.0015%,O:≤0.0015%,N:≤0.0035%,H:≤0.0002%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种120~150mm400HB级特厚耐磨钢板,其特征在于:所述耐磨钢板的厚度为120~150mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种120~150mm400HB级特厚耐磨钢板,其特征在于:所述钢板的显微组织为细小回火屈氏体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种120~150mm400HB级特厚耐磨钢板,其特征在于:所述钢板的表面布氏硬度370~430HB;心部硬度可达表面硬度的90%以上,延伸率≥10%,-40℃夏比V型冲击功≥27J。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的120~150mm400HB级特厚耐磨钢板的制造方法,其特征在于所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)冶炼工艺:采用转炉方式冶炼,然后送入LF精炼炉进行精炼,并经过VD或RH真空处理;
2)连铸工艺:铸坯和成品压缩比≥3,采用450mm特厚连铸板坯进行低过热度浇注生产,钢水过热度控制在5~25℃;凝固末端采用大压下控制,压下量不低于10mm;中心偏析不高于C1.0级,中心疏松不高于1.0级;
3)板坯缓冷:铸坯下线后,进行入坑或加罩缓冷处理;
4)加热轧制工艺:将铸坯进入步进式加热炉,加热至1200-1250℃,待心部温度到达表面温度时开始保温,保温时间不低于30min,钢坯出炉后进行粗轧+精轧两阶段控制轧制,细化晶粒,提高强度和韧性,轧制完成之后钢板过ACC机组进行加速冷却,终冷温度控制在600~700℃,冷却速度要求≥6℃/s,细化晶粒,为后续离线淬火获得细小的马氏体板条,提高低温冲击韧性提供良好基础;
5)淬火热处理工艺:轧制后钢板进行离线淬火处理,淬火温度880~940℃,炉温到温后保温时间为80~120min;
6)回火热处理工艺:钢板淬火后,需要在400~500℃进行中温回火,钢板心部到温后,回火保温时间150~220min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种120~150mm400HB级特厚耐磨钢板的制造方法,其特征在于步骤1)中为确保特厚钢板低温韧性,夹杂物控制A、B、C、D细类夹杂物总级别≤2.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种120~150mm400HB级特厚耐磨钢板的制造方法,其特征在于步骤3)中板坯缓冷处理开始温度要求控制在650~700℃,时间不得低于48小时,缓冷速度≤5℃/h。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种120~150mm400HB级特厚耐磨钢板的制造方法,其特征在于步骤4)中粗轧的开轧温度介于1000~1100℃。为保证钢板心部变形,钢板轧制主要在粗轧阶段完成。粗轧后中间坯厚度控制在1.3~1.5H,其中H为成品厚度,精轧开轧温度介于800~850℃。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种120~150mm400HB级特厚耐磨钢板的制造方法,其特征在于步骤5)中为保证钢板的均匀性,温度控制精度为±10℃,确保获得均匀的淬火马氏体组织。
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