CN117423931A - 一种无模组液冷电池包及新能源汽车 - Google Patents
一种无模组液冷电池包及新能源汽车 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无模组液冷电池包及新能源汽车,涉及新能源汽车技术领域,包括型腔液冷板、电池箱体,所述型腔液冷板安装于电池箱体底部,所述型腔液冷板上表面通过导热结构胶粘贴电芯;所述型腔液冷板与电池箱体共同支撑电芯,同时,型腔液冷板具备液冷功能。本发明采用型腔式液冷板与具有较少数量横梁的框架式电池箱体集成,能够提升电池包整体模态,满足承载方形电芯的同时,保护方形电芯免受滥用工况破坏,降低泄漏风险。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源汽车技术领域,尤其涉及一种无模组液冷电池包及新能源汽车。
背景技术
动力电池作为新能源汽车的核心部件,对于能量密度和续航里程的提升需求日益增加,而且在各工况环境下使用动力电池包使用寿命和轻量化要求越来越高。动力电池包大多通过提高零部件的集成度来提高动力电池***的能量密度,即尽量减少动力电池包中零部件反复连接固定所占用的空间,给动力电池包提供更多的可用空间,提高动力电池包的体积能量密度,从而提高新能源汽车的续航里程。
在现有主流技术中,方形电芯通过支架固定连接成模组,再将模组固定在箱体上形成电池包,所述支架无法提供可用能量,但是却占用动力电池模组之外的大量空间和质量,导致同一个动力电池包容纳的动力电池模组的数量较少,使动力电池包的集成度相对较低,动力电池包的能量密度较小。此外,所述支架安装复杂,成本高,不便于组装,会进一步推高生产成本。
在现有CTP(电芯到电池包集成,以下简称为CTP)一代成组技术中,方形电芯仍然需要通过扎带和端板等结构成组后,安装到电池包内。虽然相对于主流技术有所进步,但是动力电池包的集成度仍然不高。
在现有CTP二代成组技术中,方形电芯可以在电池包内直接成组,是无模组化的结构,其液冷结构是由电池包底部的一体冲压板或者多个口琴管液冷板构成的。由于在这两种液冷结构限制,液冷板强度较低,不能单独满足电池包内电芯组的承载需求。因此,电池包内需要多个纵横内梁与边梁形成框架结构,以满足承载电芯要求。如专利CN111525213A公开的一种用于动力电池的壳体、动力电池包,CN112271386A公开的一种CTP电池包的箱体结构;虽然相对于CTP一代技术有所进步,但是因为多内梁结构,导致动力电池包的集成度得不到大的提升。
在现有前沿的CTP三代成组技术中,方形电芯可以在电池包内直接成组,也是无模组化的结构,其液冷结构从变成电芯侧面的液冷,并且多个侧面液冷板集成了电池包内梁的功能。该技术动力电池包虽然集成度提升有所提升,但仍有局限。例如:专利CN215070182U公开的无模组动力电池***,CN212303803U公开的一种无模组化带液冷结构动力***电池包、CN115020860A公开的一种集成液冷板及一种电池包。上述结构虽然每个电芯与液冷板接触面积较大,但是由于方形电芯侧面大面法向的热导率比其他两个方向的热导率低一个数量级,所以传热效率并不比底部液冷高。由于每行电芯都需要与侧面液冷换热,导致需要的集成侧面液冷的内梁数量是其他方案几倍之多,而且多个液冷板之间的连接有较高工艺要求,存在连接处冷却液泄漏风险。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种无模组液冷电池包及新能源汽车,采用纵向型腔式底部液冷板与具有较少数量横梁的框架式电池箱体轻量化集成形式,能够提升电池包整体模态,在满足承载方形电芯的同时,保护方形电芯免受滥用工况破坏,同时降低泄漏风险。
为了实现上述目的,本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现:
第一方面,本发明的实施例提供了一种无模组液冷电池包,包括型腔液冷板、电池箱体,所述型腔液冷板安装于电池箱体底部,所述型腔液冷板上表面通过导热结构胶粘贴电芯;所述型腔液冷板与电池箱体共同支撑电芯,同时,型腔液冷板具备液冷功能。
作为进一步的实现方式,所述电池箱体包括边框,边框内设有横梁;所述型腔液冷板与边框、横梁连接形成纵横的框架式结构。
作为进一步的实现方式,所述横梁至多设置两个。
作为进一步的实现方式,所述型腔液冷板下侧设有与电池箱体固定的底护板。
作为进一步的实现方式,所述电芯上侧设有盖板。
作为进一步的实现方式,所述型腔液冷板包括型腔流道板、第一端分流板和第二端分流板,所述型腔流道板沿横向排布多个,所述第一端分流板连接于型腔流道板一端,所述第二端分流板连接于型腔流道板另一端。
作为进一步的实现方式,所述型腔流道板内设有多个并排设置的纵向流道;所述第一端分流板设有进液管道和出液管道,所述出液管道与位于两端的型腔流道板连通,其余每相邻两个型腔流道板之间通过进液管道连通;
所述第二端分流板内设有若干连通管道,所述连通管道一端与型腔流道板出液端相连,另一端与相邻型腔流道板进液端相连。
作为进一步的实现方式,所述进液管道连接进液口,所述出液管道连接出液口。
作为进一步的实现方式,所述电芯设置于电池箱体内,电芯通过高压***、低压***与电池高低压管理***的高低压连接。
第二方面,本发明的实施例还提供了一种新能源汽车,安装有所述的无模组液冷电池包。
本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明采用纵向型腔式底部液冷板与具有较少数量横梁的框架式电池箱体轻量化集成形式,能够提升电池包整体模态,在满足承载方形电芯的同时,保护方形电芯免受滥用工况破坏,同时降低泄漏风险;同时,体积利用率、集成效率和轻量化方面都有较大的提升。
(2)本发明的型腔液冷板为整体式液冷板,其内部的型腔结构可以对来自下方的冲击有缓冲吸能作用,能够提高自身结构强度的同时对电芯起到有效保护作用。
(3)本发明的方形电芯直接在电池箱体内与底部的型腔液冷板通过导热结构胶粘接成组,形成无模组结构;同时在型腔液冷板底部设置底护板,使型腔式底部液冷结构对无模组结构电芯有更强的底部防护作用。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的无模组液冷电池包结构示意图;
图2是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的无模组液冷电池包除去盖板后结构示意图;
图3是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的无模组液冷电池包***图;
图4是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的电池箱体与液冷集成结构示意图;
图5是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的电池箱体与液冷集成结构***图;
图6是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的型腔液冷板***图;
图7是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的型腔液冷板内冷却液流向示意图;
图8是图1的A-A剖视图。
其中,1-盖板,2-电池箱体,3-电池高低压管理***,4-方形电芯,5-高压***,6-低压***,7-导热结构胶,8-型腔液冷板,9-底护板,201-边框,202-横梁,801-第二端分流板,802-型腔流道板,803-第一端分流板,804-出液口,805-进液口,806-出液管道,807-进液管道,808-连通管道,809-隔板。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
本发明的一个典型实施例中,如图1-图4所示,给出一种无模组液冷电池包。
由于现有液冷板的底部强度较低,不能单独满足电池包内电芯组的承载需求,电池包内需要多个纵横与边梁形成框架结构,才能满足对电芯的承载要求,导致电池包的结构比较复杂,影响其性能。
基于此,本实施例提供了一种无模组液冷电池包,采用型材制成整体式液冷板,其内部的型腔结构可以对来自下方的冲击有缓冲吸能作用,能够提高自身结构强度的同时对电芯起到有效保护作用;因此,型腔液冷板能够单独满足承载要求,提高其使用性能。
下面,结合附图对上述无模组液冷电池包进行详细说明。
如图1-图4所示,无模组液冷电池包包括型腔液冷板8、电池箱体2、电芯、底护板9、盖板1等部件,其中,电芯为方形电芯4。
如图3-图5所示,电池箱体2包括边框201和横梁202,为了适应方形电芯4的安装,边框201为矩形边框201;边框201内安装有横梁202,横梁202为沿Y向延伸的内梁;横梁202最多设置两个,通过具有较少数量横梁202的框架式电池箱体2,与采用纵向型腔式液冷板组成轻量化集成形式,能够提升电池包整体模态,满足承载方形电芯4的同时,保护方形电芯4免受滥用工况破坏,同时降低泄漏风险。
当边框201内设置两个横梁202时,其中一个横梁202靠近边框201一端设置,另外一个横梁202将上述横梁202与边框201另一端之间分为两个容纳区域,方形电芯4设置于容纳区域内。
如图3和图8所示,方形电芯4在电池箱体2内与底部的型腔液冷板8通过导热结构胶7粘接成组,形成无模组结构。为了起到对型腔液冷板8的保护作用,同时对电池包液冷***进行保温,避免冷却或加热过程中能量损失,在型腔液冷板8底面设有底护板9,底护板9与电池箱体2固定连接。
如图2所示,若干方形电芯4整齐排列于电池箱体2内,方形电芯4的一端设置有电池高低压管理***3,方形电芯4通过高压***5、低压***6与电池高低压管理***3的高低压连接。该连接方式为现有技术,此处不再赘述。
如图1所示,电池箱体2顶部安装盖板1,以形成完整的电池包结构。
方形电芯4在充放电过程及生命周期中会沿X向膨胀,如果没有合适的限制膨胀结构将会导致电池包过早失效。电池箱体2的横梁202和边框201能够在纵横框架式结构连接下,实现对方形电芯4膨胀的限制,满足生命周期内使用要求。同时,型腔液冷板8的型腔结构可以对来自下方的冲击有缓冲吸能作用,在车辆滥用工况,如非铺装路面行驶、托底磕碰、刮擦等情况下,能够有效保护方形电芯4。
如图6和图7所示,型腔液冷板8包括第一端分流板803、第二端分流板801和型腔流道板802,型腔流道板802沿横向排布多个,各型腔流道板802的一端与第一端分流板803连接,另一端与第二端分流板801连接。该型腔液冷板8采用型材制成,自身强度相比现有液冷板要高,因此,型腔液冷板8同时起到对电芯的支撑以及液冷作用。型腔流道板802主要起到液冷作用,第一端分流板803、第二端分流板801能够实现流体在型腔流道板802之间的流转。
需要说明的是,本实施例中,以X向为纵向,Y向为横向,如图4所示,X向为车辆前进或者后退的方向,Y向为在水平面内与X向垂直的方向。
型腔流道板802的具体数目根据电池包尺寸要求设置,本实施例以四个型腔流道板802为例进行详细说明:
如图3-图7所示,型腔流道板802为矩形结构,四个型腔流道板802并排设置,第一端分流板803与四个型腔流道板802的一端对齐,第二端分流板801与四个型腔流道板802的另一端对齐,即第一端分流板803和第二端分流板801沿横向设置;通过型腔流道板802、第一端分流板803和第二端分流板801构成矩形的型腔液冷板8,适用于方形电芯4的安装。
如图7所示,各型腔流道板802内部分布有纵向流道,纵向流道由沿纵向设置的隔板809分隔而成;流道走向和连接方式可根据实际要求设置。
在本实施例中,型腔流道板802内的隔板809长度不完全相同,位于中间的隔板809长度最短,其相侧的隔板809逐渐延长,从而使纵向流道的两端形成弧线型结构,从而使各型腔流道板802的纵向流道两端沿横向形成波浪形。
其中,第一端分流板803作为进出液端,即第一端分流板803设置有进液口805和出液口804;第一端分流板803作为型腔流道板802之间的衔接桥梁。
具体地,中间的两个型腔流道板802作为流体进程区域,两侧的型腔流道板802作为回程区域,中间的型腔流道板802与其外侧的型腔流道板802的流体流动方向相反,从而通过上述四个型腔流道板802形成流体往返回路,达到液冷效果。
如图7所示,第一端分流板803设有进液管道807和出液管道806,中间的两个型腔流道板802与第一端分流板803衔接的一端通过进液管道807连通,外侧的两个型腔流道板802与第一端分流板803衔接的一端通过出液管道806连通。第二分流板内设有两个连通管道808,位于中间的型腔流道板802各自与其外侧的型腔流道板802通过对应的连通管道808连通;从而形成上述流体流动方向。
需要说明的是,对于其他数目的型腔流道板802,以型腔液冷板8的X向中心线为对称轴,对于两侧的型腔流道板802,相邻两个型腔流道板802内的流体流动方向彼此相反。
本实施例的型腔液冷板8由型材制成,能够避免普通无模组液冷板强度低的问题;并且,型腔液冷板8内的流体流动方向能够保证对电芯更好的液冷作用。型腔液冷板8为整体式液冷板,使电池包的管路接头数量减少,从而降低泄漏风险。
相对于现有主流技术中方形电芯4通过支架固定连接成模组,再将模组固定在箱体上形成电池包;以及现有CTP一代成组技术中,方形电芯4仍然需要通过扎带和端板等结构成组后,安装到电池包内;本实施例的无模组液冷电池包结构体积利用率、集成效率和轻量化方面得到有效提升。
相对于现有CTP二代成组技术中底部液冷结构允许承载很小,必须通过多个内横梁202和纵梁型材框架辅助承载电芯,本实施例中底部液冷纵向型腔式结构与较少横梁202形成的框架结构,能够在满足承载电芯需求的同时,减少了多个内梁的重量和所占空间,同样在体积利用率、集成效率和轻量化方面得到较大提升;而且本实施例中的型腔式底部液冷结构对无模组结构电芯有更强的底部防护作用,尤其适用于车辆行驶在非铺装路面。
相对于现有CTP三代成组技术中集成侧面液冷的横梁202数量很多,而且多个独立液冷板之间的管路接口较多,工艺要求高,且有一定泄漏风险;本实施例为底部液冷,因方形电芯4的热导率特性,电芯底部热导率远大于侧面大面热导率,所以较小的底部换热面就可以大于侧面换热结构的换热效率,且型腔液冷板8只有进出两个管路接口,降低泄漏风险极低。同时,本实施例中内梁数量较少,减少了多个内梁的重量和所占空间,体积利用率和轻量化方面提升较大。
实施例二:
本实施例提供了一种新能源汽车,安装有实施例一所述的无模组液冷电池包。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本申请,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种无模组液冷电池包,其特征在于,包括型腔液冷板、电池箱体,所述型腔液冷板安装于电池箱体底部,所述型腔液冷板上表面通过导热结构胶粘贴电芯;所述型腔液冷板与电池箱体共同支撑电芯,同时,型腔液冷板具备液冷功能。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种无模组液冷电池包,其特征在于,所述电池箱体包括边框,边框内设有横梁;所述型腔液冷板与边框、横梁连接形成纵横的框架式结构。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种无模组液冷电池包,其特征在于,所述横梁至多设置两个。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种无模组液冷电池包,其特征在于,所述型腔液冷板下侧设有与电池箱体固定的底护板。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种无模组液冷电池包,其特征在于,所述电芯上侧设有盖板。
6.根据权利要求1或4所述的一种无模组液冷电池包,其特征在于,所述型腔液冷板包括型腔流道板、第一端分流板和第二端分流板,所述型腔流道板沿横向排布多个,所述第一端分流板连接于型腔流道板一端,所述第二端分流板连接于型腔流道板另一端。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种无模组液冷电池包,其特征在于,所述型腔流道板内设有多个并排设置的纵向流道;所述第一端分流板设有进液管道和出液管道,所述出液管道与位于两端的型腔流道板连通,其余每相邻两个型腔流道板之间通过进液管道连通;
所述第二端分流板内设有若干连通管道,所述连通管道一端与型腔流道板出液端相连,另一端与相邻型腔流道板进液端相连。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种无模组液冷电池包,其特征在于,所述进液管道连接进液口,所述出液管道连接出液口。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种无模组液冷电池包,其特征在于,所述电芯设置于电池箱体内,电芯通过高压***、低压***与电池高低压管理***的高低压连接。
10.一种新能源汽车,其特征在于,安装有如权利要求1-9任一所述的无模组液冷电池包。
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