CN1174158C - 一种具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头 - Google Patents

一种具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1174158C
CN1174158C CNB001146610A CN00114661A CN1174158C CN 1174158 C CN1174158 C CN 1174158C CN B001146610 A CNB001146610 A CN B001146610A CN 00114661 A CN00114661 A CN 00114661A CN 1174158 C CN1174158 C CN 1174158C
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gear
teeth
inlaid
parallelly
gear ring
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CN1331377A (zh
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陈志华
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Sinopec Oilfield Equipment Corp
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Kingdream PLC
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Priority to CA002331177A priority patent/CA2331177C/en
Priority to US09/824,133 priority patent/US6595304B2/en
Priority to RU2001112881/03A priority patent/RU2206702C2/ru
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
    • E21B10/50—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of roller type
    • E21B10/52—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of roller type with chisel- or button-type inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/08—Roller bits
    • E21B10/16—Roller bits characterised by tooth form or arrangement

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于石油、天然气、矿山及地质钻井的具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头。它包括有牙掌和牙轮，牙轮上设置有齿圈和齿槽，其不同之处在于在齿圈的轮齿顶部沿轮齿方向并列安设有2-3颗齿体为圆柱体的镶齿。本发明的切削性能与扁圆合金齿相近，它采用传统的圆柱形齿体，不仅易于加工，制作成本低，而且能有效钻凿破碎具有软硬地层的夹层地层，对夹层地层的钻进具备较好的综合经济效益。

Description

一种具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于石油、天然气、矿山及地质钻井的牙轮钻头，尤其涉及一种具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头。
背景技术
牙轮钻头作为一种钻削地层岩层的用具已被广泛运用。牙轮钻头通常由牙轮牙掌构成，牙轮可有一个或多个，牙掌通过其下部的悬臂轴和牙轮孔活动配接使牙轮能围绕牙掌悬臂轴旋转，牙轮外表面的切削结构在随牙轮台转、自转及纵向进给构成的复合运动所产生的冲击、压碎及滑动剪切作用下破碎岩层。现有的牙轮钻头分有钢齿钻头和镶齿钻头两类，其中钢齿钻头的牙齿与牙轮为一体，具有较宽大的牙齿切削刃，可有效地刮凿软地层，但当遇到较硬地层时，钢齿易被磨损而失去切削功能，即使在牙齿上覆盖一层耐磨材料，遇到硬地层钢齿仍易剥落和碎裂。对有夹层的地质层，使用钢齿牙轮钻头不能有效穿过硬地层段时，必须换用镶齿牙轮钻头。镶齿通常由硬质合金制成，具有较高的硬度和耐磨性能，但镶齿的切削刃不宽，对软地层段不能高效钻进。由此可见，已有的钢齿和镶齿牙轮钻头都不能经济有效地用于夹层地层的钻凿。为克服上述存在的问题，美国专利US5421423中提出了一种具有长齿冠的扁圆形合金齿的牙轮钻头，该钻头虽能有效用于夹层地层，但扁圆形合金齿和牙轮上的扁圆形孔镶接时的过盈配合需要齿和孔均具很高的加工精度，因此，制作这样扁圆形合金齿的牙轮钻头不仅加工难度大，制作效率低，而且加工成本高，费用贵，经济性差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述存在的不足而提供一种具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头，它不仅易于制作和加工，成本低，而且能有效钻凿夹层地层。
本发明的目的由以下技术方案来实现：包括有牙掌和牙轮，牙轮上设置有齿圈和齿槽，其不同之处在于在齿圈的轮齿顶部沿轮齿方向并列安设有2-3颗齿体为圆柱体的镶齿。
按上述方案，并列镶齿的齿间间隙可为2-5mm，镶齿齿冠为楔形，具有较长的切削刃，齿圈的轮齿可呈直锥齿形和直齿形，或者呈螺旋锥齿形和螺旋直齿形，螺旋角α为0-15°。
本发明的积极效果为：1、采用并列镶齿结构，其切削性能与扁圆合金齿相近，可具备有较长的切削刃，且由此构成的不连续的长齿冠更易吃入地层，有助于提高钻头的破岩效率和寿命，而齿槽和环形隔槽将有利于排屑，改善切削条件，防止泥包现象的发生；2、采用齿体为圆柱形的传统镶齿，不仅易于加工，制作配合精度高，产品质量得以保证，而且制作的成本低，具备较好的经济性；3、该牙轮钻头既可钻凿破碎硬地层，又能刮凿钻进软地层，因此能有效地用来钻凿夹层地层，使钻进夹层地层的效率得到进一步的提高。
附图说明
图1为本发明一个实施例中牙轮的正向全剖视图。
图2为本发明一个实施例中牙轮的俯视图。
图3为本发明另一个实施例中牙轮的俯视图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图进一步说明本发明的实施例，包括有牙掌和牙轮1，牙掌通过下部的悬臂轴与牙轮相连接，通常可安设有1-3个牙轮，牙轮的结构如图1、2所示，牙轮内开设有联接孔5，牙轮外形呈锥齿形，设置有上下2-4层齿圈3，齿圈之间开设有环行隔槽4，每个齿圈上开设有齿槽6，由此形成轮齿，轮齿呈直锥齿形，齿向与牙轮锥体母线方向一致，在轮齿的齿顶沿轮齿方向并列安设有2颗镶齿2，镶齿为常规形状的硬质合金镶齿，也可由其它高硬高强材料制成，镶齿齿体为圆柱形，与牙轮上开设的圆孔紧密镶合，镶齿齿冠呈楔形，两镶齿间的间隙为3mm。
本发明的第2个实施例如图3所示，它与上一个实施例的主要不同之处在于齿圈轮齿的齿向相对牙轮锥体母线偏转一个角度，齿圈轮齿呈螺旋锥齿形，螺旋角α为5-15°，牙轮设有上下两层齿圈3，在上层齿圈中的轮齿顶部沿轮齿齿向并列安设有2颗镶齿2，在下层齿圈中的轮齿顶部沿轮齿齿向并列安设有3颗镶齿，两层齿圈之间开设环行隔槽4，齿圈上开设有齿槽6。本实施例这样结构的牙轮也可设置2-4层齿圈。

Claims (8)

1、一种具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头，包括有牙掌和牙轮，牙轮上设置有齿圈和齿槽，其特征在于在齿圈的轮齿顶部沿轮齿方向并列安设有2-3颗齿体为圆柱体的镶齿。
2、按权利要求1所述的具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头，其特征在于并列镶齿的齿间间隙可为2-5mm。
3、按权利要求1或2所述的具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头，其特征在于镶齿齿冠为楔形。
4、按权利要求1或2所述的具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头，其特征在于齿圈(3)的轮齿呈直锥齿形。
5、按权利要求1或2所述的具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头，其特征在于齿圈的轮齿呈螺旋锥齿形，螺旋角α为0-15°。
6、按权利要求4所述的具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头，其特征在于设置有上下2-4层齿圈(3)，齿圈之间开设有环行隔槽(4)，每个齿圈上开设有齿槽(6)，由此形成轮齿，轮齿呈直锥齿形，齿向与牙轮锥体母线方向一致，在轮齿的齿顶沿轮齿方向并列安设有2颗镶齿(2)。
7、按权利要求5所述的具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头，其特征在于牙轮设有上下两层齿圈(3)，在上层齿圈中的轮齿顶部沿轮齿齿向并列安设有2颗镶齿(2)，在下层齿圈中的轮齿齿顶部沿轮齿齿向并列安设有3颗镶齿，两层齿圈之间开设环行隔槽(4)，齿圈上开设有齿槽(6)。
8、按权利要求1或2所述的具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头，其特征在于镶齿为硬质合金制成的镶齿。
CNB001146610A 2000-06-29 2000-06-29 一种具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头 Expired - Fee Related CN1174158C (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB001146610A CN1174158C (zh) 2000-06-29 2000-06-29 一种具有并列镶齿的牙轮钻头
CA002331177A CA2331177C (en) 2000-06-29 2001-01-16 A roller bit with parallel inlayed compacts
US09/824,133 US6595304B2 (en) 2000-06-29 2001-04-03 Roller bit parallel inlayed compacts
RU2001112881/03A RU2206702C2 (ru) 2000-06-29 2001-05-15 Шарошечное долото со вставными зубьями

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US20020000335A1 (en) 2002-01-03
US6595304B2 (en) 2003-07-22
RU2206702C2 (ru) 2003-06-20
CA2331177A1 (en) 2001-12-29
CA2331177C (en) 2006-12-12
CN1331377A (zh) 2002-01-16

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