CN117327973A - 一种含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynechromium Chemical group [Cr]#[C] FXNGWBDIVIGISM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum iron Chemical compound [Al].[Fe] CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 12
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010057040 Temperature intolerance Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OOJQNBIDYDPHHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Ba] OOJQNBIDYDPHHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条及其制造方法,属于盘条钢领域。盘条的化学成分按质量百分比设计为C:0.95~1.05%,Si:0.15~0.40%,Mn:0.25~0.45%,P:≤0.015%,S:0.020~0.055%,Cr:1.35~1.65%,Al:0.030~0.060%,Cu≤0.10%,Mo≤0.05%,Ni≤0.05%,As+Sn+Sb≤0.015%,O≤0.0006%,Ti≤0.0015%,Ca≤0.001%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。生产流程:转炉初炼—LF精炼—真空脱气—连铸—热送—加热铸坯+开坯轧制—中间坯表面处理—中间坯加热+轧制盘条—控冷。本申请开发了一种易于车削或深孔钻加工的盘条,以及能够大量节省生产成本、提高生产效率的所述盘条的生产方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含硫高碳铬轴承钢及其制造方法,属于钢铁线材制造领域。
背景技术
高碳铬轴承钢的使用在所有轴承钢中占比在80%以上,其具有较高的硬度和较好的耐磨性、以及较高的弹性极限,因此广泛应用在交通、机械、机床设备等领域,用来制造滚动体、套圈、销轴、阀体等工件,其后道客户加工成型工艺主要包含:滚动体及套圈为锻造、冷镦等,而销轴、阀体类主要为车削、深孔钻等,由于对钢材的机械加工方式不同,对材料的性能要求也各不相同。
在轴承加工工艺中,车削、深孔钻加工是制作精细、高端阀体或销轴等非常规类产品越来越普遍的工艺,但目前国内普通高碳铬轴承钢都存在粘刀、爆刀等问题,影响加工精度和生产效率。
专利公开号CN102251197 A公开一种高碳铬轴承钢及其制造方法,其生产工艺为电炉+模铸方式生产坯料,该工艺生产存在劳动强度大、环境污染严重,成材率低等显著缺陷,已属淘汰技术,且由于使用废钢冶炼,残余元素无法保证,影响最终产品疲劳性能,同时该技术中的S:0.005~0.020%偏低,虽能改善车削性能,但在进行深孔钻精细加工时,由于会产生较大屑片,导致细深孔堵塞的情况。
专利公开号CN102352466 A公开一种高碳铬轴承GCr15及其生产方法,该技术中增加V、Ti、N等元素,并在冶炼过程中加入硅钡线处理,该技术不但成本高,而且随着V、Ti、N及硅钡线的加入也会增加工人的劳动强度,不符合当前低成本、高效率路线,且增加的元素越多越不利于钢材纯净度的控制,在该技术中未采用特殊的连铸工艺,且由于硫元素的加入,定会增加硫化物心部偏析问题,对最终产品的疲劳寿命产生不利影响。
专利公开号CN107747034 A公开一种铁路货车轴承用高碳铬轴承钢及其制备方法,该技术对钢材的纯净度、偏析及碳化物都有提及控制方法,但其严格控制S含量,并不适用于精细车削或深孔钻加工,同时该发明中并未涉及脱碳质量的控制,不利于最终产品的综合疲劳寿命。
通过搜索相关专利文献,涉及含硫高碳铬轴承钢尤其是盘条钢的生产方法较少,且上述较接近的现有技术都是棒料产品,并未涉及有针对线材的专门改善车削或深孔钻加工的现有技术,同时考虑偏析、纯净度、碳化物、脱碳等综合性能的低成本含硫高碳铬轴承钢及其制造方法。
综上,为解决目前客户在进行车削或深孔钻加工的粘刀、爆刀、长寿命等问题,减少硫化物偏析,同时提高成材率、生产效率,降低了客户成本,为此提出一种新的低成本、高效率,即经济环保又能有利于后道加工,且疲劳寿命长的轴承钢及其生产工艺是很有必要的,具有十分重大的经济效益与社会价值。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条及其制造方法,该盘条所用的成型坯料使用连铸坯,在连铸坯的生产过程中克服现有技术中高碳、高铬及含硫成分中的硫化物中心偏析严重、残余元素高、纯净度差、碳化物及脱碳不良等问题,为客户提供一种易于车削或深孔钻加工,且能大量节省生产成本、提高生产效率的热轧盘条的生产方法。通过优化冶炼、连铸工艺,合理的加热、轧制工艺,使获得盘条具有优异的性能,最终盘条的组织满足:夹杂物水平:中心偏析≤1.0;A粗≤0.5,A细≤1.0,B粗≤0.5,B细≤1.5,DS≤0.5;碳化物网状≤2.5级,带状组织≤2.0级,脱碳层厚度≤0.05mm;晶粒度≤8级。组织为片间距:0.12~0.15μm的珠光体组织。
本发明所采用的技术方案为:一种含硫高碳铬轴承钢及其制造方法,该钢材的化学成分按质量百分比设计为C:0.95~1.05%,Si:0.15~0.40%,Mn:0.25~0.45%,P:≤0.015%,S:0.020~0.055%,Cr:1.35~1.65%,Al:0.030~0.060%,Cu≤0.10%,Mo≤0.05%,Ni≤0.05%,As+Sn+Sb≤0.015%,O≤0.0006%,Ti≤0.0015%,Ca≤0.001%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。
本发明的高碳铬轴承钢中的增加元素设计原理如下:
S:0.020~0.055%。S是易车削元素,当钢中含有一定量的Mn时,易形成MnS或者含MnS的复合物,从而提高材料车削或钻孔性能,但若S低于0.020%时,车削或钻孔屑明显变大,不利于去除。硫化物通常熔点较低,S含量过高,材料会形成心部偏析,发生热脆效应及增加脱碳的倾向。为充分发挥效果,本发明中的钢材S含量范围设定为0.020~0.055%,更优选为0.020~0.030%。
Al:0.030~0.060%。Al元素除了能作为脱氧剂降低钢中的氧含量,还能与氮形成氮化铝起到细化晶粒作用,有较强的固溶强化作用,提高回火稳定性,为控制最终产品的残余奥氏体比率,获得更好的硬度和耐磨性,Al含量设计应大于0.030%。但由于铝脱氧的产物Al2O3较脆,在锻轧加工时破碎并沿着变形方向形成链状条带,影响疲劳性能,同时含铝高的钢,铸坯表面质量较差。为了保证综合性能,本发明中的钢材Al含量范围设定为0.030~0.060%,更优选为0.035~0.045%。
本发明另一目的是提供一种含硫高碳铬轴承钢的生产工艺,具体流程如下:
KR、转炉初炼——LF精炼——(RH)真空脱气——连铸——热送——加热铸坯+开坯轧制——中间坯表面处理——中间坯加热+轧制盘条——控冷——检验——包装入库。
具体步骤如下:
(1)冶炼:铁水依次经过KR铁水冶炼、转炉初炼、LF精炼和(RH)真空脱气,转炉采用全铁水冶炼过程控制终点碳≥0.15%,并进行初步合金化;LF精炼初期采用沉淀和扩散脱氧两种方式:初期加入铝铁进行沉淀脱氧,并使用铝粒和碳化硅混合后,分散加入渣面进行扩散脱氧,LF精炼结束后按先后顺序喂入铝线、硫线,确保在真空脱气过程中形成大颗粒硫化物和氧化物夹杂上浮,并改变钢水中的硫化物夹杂形态,以减少有害残余元素量,并获得纯净度高的钢材。
(2)连铸:优选地,中间包选择使用加热功能,控制浇注过热度为10~20℃,结晶器配备电磁搅拌,加速夹杂上浮和减少坯料温差,二冷采用雾化弱冷,凝固末端电磁搅拌电流>500A,并配合动态轻压下,总压下量≥12mm,获得偏析质量好390mm*510mm以上规格的连铸坯。
(3)连铸坯加热:优选地,连铸热坯直接转运至连续步进加热炉,实现热装温度≥500℃,快速升温至1180~1260℃进行保温,升温速度100~200℃/h,保温时间≥9h,使得坯料中的碳化物扩散均匀分布,提高材料的均质性。
(4)开坯轧制:设定开轧温度≥1000℃,初轧两道次累积压缩比≥3,入连轧温度≥950℃,终轧温度≥850℃,开坯轧制总的压缩比≥4.8,开坯轧制过程采用高压水除鳞,获得偏析质量优、表面无麻点、裂纹、凹坑等缺陷、碳化物颗粒细小且弥散分布的140~200mm2中间坯料。
(5)中间坯表面处理:中间坯料快速下线堆缓冷至≤150℃,表面精整去皮深度≥1.0mm,降低成品脱碳深度及减少表面缺陷。
(6)中间坯料加热:冷装坯料,升温速度:坯料温度≤800℃时,升温速度750~850℃/h;坯料温度>800℃后,升温速度200~300℃/h;升温至均热段温度980±30℃,保温时间0.5~1h。通过快速升温跨过脱碳敏感温度后进行短时间保温,以减少表面脱碳层深度。
(7)盘条控轧:采用大压下轧制工艺,初轧前采用高压水除鳞,设定开轧温度≥900℃,初轧压缩比≥1.2,入中轧与预精轧温度≥930℃,入精轧温度为680~780℃,两相区轧制,吐丝温度680~780℃,整个轧制过程总轧制的压缩比≥40。
(8)盘条控冷:吐丝后盘条进行吹风控冷,冷却速度都为3~5℃/s;控冷后盘条温度为550~680℃,快进入保温罩缓冷至≤150℃进行集卷下线获得碳化物颗粒细小,且存在少量预球化的渗碳体,横截面均质性好的盘条。
(9)检验:对下线盘条进行碳化物、晶粒度、夹杂物,脱碳进行检验,若都合格,即获得含硫高碳铬轴承钢热轧盘条成品。
本发明所得热轧盘条的金相组织为细片状珠光体组织,该珠光体组织在后续热处理过程中便于球化,淬火+回火后织均匀性更好,为最终产品的疲劳寿命提供保障。
本发明的含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条的制造方法具有如下特点:
1)精炼末期喂入硫、铝线,扣除RH过程的S、Al损,确保在RH结束后Al、S成分符合到目标范围,并不再增加任何成分,使得RH真空过程Al2O3及硫化物大颗粒复合夹杂充分上浮,细小的A类、B类夹杂均匀分布于钢水中,提高钢水的洁净度。
2)连铸浇注过程,采用低过热度拉矫、凝固末端采用重压下、配合末端大电流电磁搅拌,减少心部偏析,有效改善坯料的偏析。
3)本发明的含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条属高碳中硫过共析钢,表面脱碳及裂纹敏感性强,表面缺陷质量控制难度大,连铸开坯后必须及时下线控温缓冷,冷切速度为50~80℃/h,下线温度≥550℃,出坯温度≤150℃,同时坯料必须进行表面清理后入盘条轧制炉,确保最终盘条产品的脱碳及表面质量。
4)本发明在进行盘条控轧时,入精轧温度为680~780℃,吐丝温度680~780℃,确保整个精轧温度都处于两相区轧制,使得未相变的晶粒更加伸长,在晶内形成更多的变形带。另外,已相变后晶粒受到压下时,于晶粒内部形成亚结构。在轧后的冷却过程中,两者发生相变形成大倾斜角微细的多边形晶粒组织,最终获得片间距为0.12~0.15μm、均匀的珠光体组织,利于后道缩短客户热处理时间及改善产品的均质性,降低客户生产成本。
5)本发明在进行盘条控冷时,快速冷切,控冷后盘条温度550~680℃,速跨过网状析出温度,以减少碳化物网状析出。
6)钢在凝固过程中随S含量的增加而硫化物、碳化物分布的平均尺寸增加,纵向偏析增加,S还会增加钢中的硫化物夹杂总量,容易在钢坯中心形成硫化物聚集,加剧钢坯中心的碳化物偏析,最终导致钢材中心偏析严重和缩孔超标,同时含硫高碳钢由于其热敏感性,易在表面增加脱碳速率,形成表面缺陷。
本发明采用特殊的精炼方式,在确保高硫的特殊化学成分,同时提升钢水的纯净度,在连铸采用低过热度、大压下、电磁搅拌配合弱冷制度,确保获得优良的心部偏析组织,使用高温扩散和首道大压缩比轧制,实现心部硫化物和碳化物的弥散细化,且高温开坯轧制能够避开硫化物脆性温度,同时在盘条轧制使用低温控轧技术,能很好的控制表面质量和内部组织,该发明采用全流程产品质量管控技术,最终产品满足客户特殊加工性能和超长寿命的要求。
本发明设计及生产的含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条,成分简单、纯净度高,碳化物级别低、脱碳浅、材质均质性好,生产成本低,生产效率高,较模铸生产,大幅提高成材率,改善环境,满足客户特殊加工需求,并能实现超长寿命,增加客户黏合度。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中材料心部硫化物夹杂200×倍金相图。
图2为本发明实施例中细片状珠光体2000×倍金相图。
图3为本发明实施例中晶粒度200×倍金相图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述,所述实施例是示例性的,旨在用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施案例1~2
按下面工序制造本发明中的含硫高碳铬轴承钢:
1)冶炼:100吨炼钢炉转炉冶炼后进行炉外精炼,钢液再经RH真空脱气处理,各化学元素质量百分比严格按要求控制。
2)连铸:钢水连铸成390mm×510mm的方坯,控制中间包过热度为10~20℃。为控制材料的偏析,连铸时则采用先进的末端电磁搅拌,电磁搅拌电流:600A、连铸总轻压下16mm工艺,二冷区弱冷。所得连铸坯化学成分百分比见下表1所示:
表1.(wt.%,余量为Fe及其他不可避免的杂质元素)
炉号 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Al |
21014493 | 1.0 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.013 | 0.023 | 1.44 | 0.037 |
21014494 | 0.99 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.015 | 0.024 | 1.46 | 0.041 |
炉号 | Cu | Mo | Ni | As+Sn+Sb | O(ppm) | Ti(ppm) | Ca(ppm) |
21014493 | 0.03 | 0.012 | 0.04 | 0.0081 | 4.7 | 11 | 2 |
21014494 | 0.02 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.0091 | 4.9 | 9 | 3 |
3)铸坯加热+开坯:坯料≥500℃热送至步进式加热炉中加热,经4h升温至1180~1260℃进行均热保温,均热保温时间≥9小时。开轧温度≥1000℃,终轧温度≥850℃,开坯轧制成150mm2的中间坯料。
上述各实施例中的主要具体工艺参数如下表2所示:
表2.(铸坯加热、热轧的主要具体工艺参数)
4)中间坯加热+轧制盘条+盘条控冷:中间坯表面清理深度2.0mm后冷装入炉,通过1h快速升温至800℃,再次经过0.5h升温至均热段温度980±30℃,保温0.5~1h。设定开轧温度≥900℃,入中轧温度≥930℃,入精轧温度为680~780℃,吐丝温度680~780℃。吐丝后盘条快速风冷至550~680℃,在保温罩内缓冷至≤150℃下线。上述各实施例中的主要具体工艺参数如下表3所示:
表3.(中间坯加热、热轧的主要具体工艺参数)
实施例1~2中的含硫高碳铬轴承钢成品盘条进行相关测试,测得纯净度、晶粒度、碳化物及心部偏析如下表4所示:
表4(成品盘条纯净度、晶粒度、碳化物及偏析结果)
炉号 | A粗 | A细 | B粗 | B细 | DS | 晶粒度 | 网状 | 带状 | 脱碳 | 中心偏析 |
21014493 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 8级 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.04mm | 1.0 |
21014494 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 8级 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.05mm | 1.0 |
从表4中可见,实施例中的夹杂物、晶粒度、碳化物、中心偏析满足设计要求,说明材料具有非常高的洁净度、细小的晶粒、优异的碳化物和均质性,且由于合适S元素的加入,车加工或深孔钻类加工性能良好。
上述工艺生产的含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条,较模铸提高了成材率,提升了环保质量,大幅降低生产成本,且综合疲劳性能更好,利于客户后道加工,为客户降低生产成本。
Claims (10)
1.一种含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条,其特征在于:盘条的化学成分按质量百分比设计为C:0.95~1.05%,Si:0.15~0.40%,Mn:0.25~0.45%,P:≤0.015%,S:0.020~0.055%,Cr:1.35~1.65%,Al:0.030~0.060%,Cu≤0.10%,Mo≤0.05%,Ni≤0.05%,As+Sn+Sb≤0.015%,O≤0.0006%,Ti≤0.0015%,Ca≤0.001%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质元素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条,其特征在于:盘条中硫的含量为0.020~0.030%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条,其特征在于:盘条中铝的含量为0.035~0.045%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条,其特征在于:盘条的夹杂物水平满足:中心偏析≤1.0;A粗≤0.5,A细≤1.0,B粗≤0.5,B细≤1.5,DS≤0.5;碳化物网状≤2.5级,带状组织≤2.0级,脱碳层厚度≤0.05mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条,其特征在于:盘条的组织为片间距:0.12~0.15μm的珠光体组织,晶粒度≤8级。
6.一种制造权利要求1-3中任一权项所述的含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条的方法,其特征在于:步骤包括,
钢水冶炼:包括KR铁水冶炼、转炉冶炼、LF精炼和真空脱气,转炉冶炼采用全铁水冶炼过程,控制终点碳≥0.15%;LF精炼初期采用沉淀和扩散脱氧两种方式:加入铝铁进行沉淀脱氧,使用铝粒和碳化硅混合后分散加入渣面进行扩散脱氧,LF精炼结束后按先后顺序喂入铝线、硫线,从而在真空脱气过程中形成大颗粒硫化物和氧化物夹杂上浮并改变钢水中的硫化物夹杂形态;
连铸:采用连铸工艺将钢水浇铸成连铸坯;
连铸坯加热:对连铸坯加热,使组织完全奥氏体化,坯料中的碳化物扩散均匀分布;
开坯轧制:设置开轧温度≥1000℃,初轧两道次累积压缩比≥3,入连轧温度≥950℃,终轧温度≥850℃,开坯轧制总的压缩比≥4.8,开坯轧制过程采用高压水除鳞;
中间坯表面处理:中间坯料下线堆缓冷至≤150℃,表面精整去皮深度≥1.0mm;
中间坯加热:冷装坯料,升温速度:坯料温度小于等于800℃时的升温速度为750~850℃/h;坯料温度大于800℃后,升温速度为200~300℃/h;升温至均热段温度980±30℃,保温时间0.5~1h;
盘条控制轧制:采用大压下轧制工艺,初轧前采用高压水除鳞,设定开轧温度≥900℃,初轧压缩比≥1.2,入中轧与预精轧温度≥930℃,入精轧温度为680~780℃,精轧处于两相区,吐丝温度680~780℃;
盘条控制冷却:吐丝后盘条进行吹风控冷,冷却速度为3~5℃/s;吹风控冷后盘条温度为550~680℃,然后进入保温罩缓冷至150℃以下,集卷下线获得碳化物颗粒细小,且存在少量预球化的渗碳体的盘条。
7.根据权利要求6所述的含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条的制造方法,其特征在于:连铸步骤中,中间包加热,控制钢水过热度为10~20℃,结晶器配备电磁搅拌,连铸二冷区采用雾化弱冷,凝固末端以>500A电流对铸流进行电磁搅拌,并配合对铸流实施动态轻压下,总压下量≥12mm,获得390mm*510mm以上规格的连铸坯。
8.根据权利要求6所述的含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条的制造方法,其特征在于:连铸坯加热步骤中,连铸热坯直接转运至连续步进加热炉,热装温度≥500℃,快速升温至1180~1260℃进行保温,升温速度100~200℃/h,保温时间≥9h。
9.根据权利要求6所述的含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条的制造方法,其特征在于:开坯轧制步骤中,连铸坯开坯轧制成截面积为140~200mm2的中间坯料。
10.根据权利要求6所述的含硫高碳铬轴承钢盘条的制造方法,其特征在于:盘条控制轧制步骤中,整个轧制过程总轧制的压缩比≥40。
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