CN1172851C - 制备氨的方法 - Google Patents
制备氨的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1172851C CN1172851C CNB998080497A CN99808049A CN1172851C CN 1172851 C CN1172851 C CN 1172851C CN B998080497 A CNB998080497 A CN B998080497A CN 99808049 A CN99808049 A CN 99808049A CN 1172851 C CN1172851 C CN 1172851C
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- catalyst
- millimeter
- fixed bed
- granules
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N alpha-irone Chemical compound CC1CC=C(C)C(\C=C\C(C)=O)C1(C)C JZQOJFLIJNRDHK-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005915 ammonolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/02—Preparation, purification or separation of ammonia
- C01C1/04—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase
- C01C1/0405—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst
- C01C1/0411—Preparation of ammonia by synthesis in the gas phase from N2 and H2 in presence of a catalyst characterised by the catalyst
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种通过将氨合成气与排列在固定床中的氨催化剂颗粒进行接触来制备氨的方法，其中所述固定床包含粒径低于1.5毫米且大于或等于0.2毫米的氨催化剂的催化剂颗粒。
Description
本发明涉及利用氨合成气的催化转化来制备氨。
常规地，工业氨合成基于由基本上化学计量摩尔比3∶1的氢气和氮气组成的氨合成气的转化。将该合成气在高压下经过一个主要为磁铁矿的氨催化剂颗粒的固定床，该磁铁矿通过还原而转化成催化活性形式α-铁。
工艺性能不仅受催化剂组成，而且还受该催化剂颗粒的尺寸和形状的制约。对于在具有轴向合成气流的催化剂床上操作的氨合成工艺，催化剂粒径通常为6-10毫米。
由于径向流动型氨反应器中的较低流动阻力，这些反应器中所用的催化剂粒径为1.5-3毫米。
已经发现，如果在径向氨反应器中采用一种氨催化剂的固定催化剂床，氨合成的工艺性能仍然可在较高氨产品产量方面进行改进，该氨催化剂具有混合组成的大粒径和小粒径催化剂颗粒。大粒径和小粒径催化剂颗粒的混合物导致较高的体积密度，因为较小的颗粒填充在较大颗粒之间形成的空隙中。较高的体积密度在氨反应器中产生较大量的催化剂，导致单位反应器体积较高的催化活性。
根据以上发现，本发明涉及一种通过将氨合成气与排列在固定床中的氨催化剂颗粒进行接触来制备氨的方法，其中所述固定床包含粒径低于1.5毫米并大于或等于0.2毫米的氨催化剂的催化剂颗粒。
通过包含显著量的粒径在规定范围内的颗粒，体积密度增加，造成贯穿催化剂床的较高压降，这样可改进合成气在该床内的流动分布。
如果本发明工艺在工业条件下操作，当该催化剂床包含10-80％体积的粒径低于1.5毫米并大于或等于0.2毫米的氨催化剂颗粒，可得到改进的合成气流动分布。
下表汇总了购自Haldor Topsoe A/S的不同粒径常规氨催化剂的相对密度。
表
| 粒径/毫米 | ρ相对 |
| 1.5-3.00 | 1.00 |
| 0.8-1.5 | 0.97 |
| 0.3-0.8 | 0.95 |
| 60％1.5-3.0+20％0.8-1.5+20％0.3-0.8 | 1.09 |
分别包含60％、20％和20％的1.5-3毫米、0.8-1.6毫米和0.3-0.8毫米颗粒的混合物的相对体积密度为1.09。
工业催化剂的绝对体积密度取决于加载工艺，但可以找到相同的相对密度。
包含0.2-1.5毫米粒径催化剂颗粒可提供较高的催化剂体积密度、以及较低的扩散阻力。由于粒径分布较宽且体积密度增加，可得到贯穿该催化剂床的较高压降，因此可明显改进合成气在催化剂床中的流动分布。
目前，按照固定床排列的氨催化剂的优选粒径分布通过将粒径1.5-3.0毫米、0.8-1.5毫米和0.3-0.8毫米按照体积比40-70∶10-40∶10-30进行混合而得到。
Claims (2)
1.通过将氨合成气与排列在固定床中的氨催化剂颗粒进行接触来制备氨的方法，其中所述固定床包含粒径低于1.5毫米且大于或等于0.2毫米的催化剂颗粒，所述合成气径向经过所述固定床，其中所述固定床包含粒径为1.5-3.0毫米、0.8-1.5毫米和0.3-0.8毫米的催化剂颗粒按照体积比(40-70)∶(10-40)∶(10-30)的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述固定床包含至少10％体积的粒径大于或等于0.2毫米但低于1.5毫米的催化剂颗粒。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK199800892A DK173917B1 (da) | 1998-07-02 | 1998-07-02 | Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af ammoniak |
| DKPA199800892 | 1998-07-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1307540A CN1307540A (zh) | 2001-08-08 |
| CN1172851C true CN1172851C (zh) | 2004-10-27 |
Family
ID=8098722
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB998080497A Expired - Fee Related CN1172851C (zh) | 1998-07-02 | 1999-07-01 | 制备氨的方法 |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6780387B1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1098847A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP3632910B2 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1172851C (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU757166B2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2336386C (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK173917B1 (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO20006686L (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2189353C1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2000001616A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200007805B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104523540A (zh) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-04-22 | 唯美度科技（北京）有限公司 | 一种具有修复头发功能的护发素及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT299981B (de) | 1970-04-21 | 1972-07-10 | Chemie Linz Ag | Vorrichtung zur Erzielung einer gleichmäßigen Gasverteilung in radial durchströmten Katalysatorlagen in Reaktoren für katalytische, exotherme Hochdrucksynthesen, vorzugsweise der Ammoniaksynthese |
| DE2308101C3 (de) * | 1973-02-19 | 1978-03-16 | Lentia Gmbh, Chem. U. Pharm. Erzeugnisse - Industriebedarf, 8000 Muenchen | Verfahren zur Durchführung katalytischer Reaktionen in der Gasphase bei hohem Druck an Eisenoxidschmelzkatalysatoren |
| US4073749A (en) * | 1975-12-18 | 1978-02-14 | S.I.R.I. Societa' Italiana Ricerche Industriali S.p.A. | Process for manufacturing a catalyst for the synthesis of ammonia and product thereby obtained |
| GB1574723A (en) | 1976-03-10 | 1980-09-10 | Haldor Topsoe As | Apparatus for the synthesis of ammonia |
| EP0000993B1 (en) * | 1977-08-22 | 1982-12-08 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Ammonia production process |
| IT1114730B (it) | 1979-02-07 | 1986-01-27 | Ammonia Casale Sa | Catalizzatore sferico attivato con cerio per la sintesi dell'ammoniaca e il procedimento per la sua produzione |
| DK144996C (da) | 1980-05-19 | 1982-12-20 | Haldor Topsoe As | Fremgangsmaade ved udfoerelse af katalytiske eksoterme gasfaseprocesser og fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af en katalysator dertil |
| DE3270936D1 (en) | 1981-03-18 | 1986-06-12 | Ici Plc | Catalyst |
| EP0174079B1 (en) * | 1984-08-03 | 1990-08-22 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Ammonia synthesis catalysts based on oxides of iron, aluminium and cobalt |
| US4822586A (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1989-04-18 | Shannahan Cornelius E | Ammonia synthesis method |
-
1998
- 1998-07-02 DK DK199800892A patent/DK173917B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-07-01 AU AU47808/99A patent/AU757166B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-07-01 US US09/720,645 patent/US6780387B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-01 JP JP2000558028A patent/JP3632910B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-01 CN CNB998080497A patent/CN1172851C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-01 WO PCT/EP1999/004560 patent/WO2000001616A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-07-01 CA CA002336386A patent/CA2336386C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-01 RU RU2001103143/12A patent/RU2189353C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-01 EP EP99931233A patent/EP1098847A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-12-21 ZA ZA200007805A patent/ZA200007805B/en unknown
- 2000-12-28 NO NO20006686A patent/NO20006686L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1098847A1 (en) | 2001-05-16 |
| JP3632910B2 (ja) | 2005-03-30 |
| AU757166B2 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
| CN1307540A (zh) | 2001-08-08 |
| CA2336386C (en) | 2004-09-28 |
| DK199800892A (da) | 2000-03-27 |
| AU4780899A (en) | 2000-01-24 |
| CA2336386A1 (en) | 2000-01-13 |
| NO20006686L (no) | 2001-03-02 |
| WO2000001616A1 (en) | 2000-01-13 |
| RU2001103143A (ru) | 2005-01-20 |
| JP2002519296A (ja) | 2002-07-02 |
| US6780387B1 (en) | 2004-08-24 |
| RU2189353C1 (ru) | 2002-09-20 |
| ZA200007805B (en) | 2002-03-22 |
| DK173917B1 (da) | 2002-02-18 |
| NO20006686D0 (no) | 2000-12-28 |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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