CN1171827A - 填料纸漂白剂 - Google Patents
填料纸漂白剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1171827A CN1171827A CN95197131.XA CN95197131A CN1171827A CN 1171827 A CN1171827 A CN 1171827A CN 95197131 A CN95197131 A CN 95197131A CN 1171827 A CN1171827 A CN 1171827A
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- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 title description 24
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009897 hydrogen peroxide bleaching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229960002163 hydrogen peroxide Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 chalk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002761 deinking Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L dithionite(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O GRWZHXKQBITJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006197 hydroboration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/32—Bleaching agents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/10—Bleaching ; Apparatus therefor
- D21C9/1026—Other features in bleaching processes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
本发明披露一种用漂白剂来增加填料纸亮度的方法,在本发明方法中,用漂白剂在造纸过程中处理填料纸。本发明可用于各种等级含填料纸,而且本发明特别适用于由机械浆生产且含碳酸钙的低亮度等级纸。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种提高填料纸光学性能的方法，更具体地说，本发明涉及一种通过将填料纸用漂白剂处理来提高含碳酸钙纸亮度的方法。
按本发明生产的纸可使纸生产商增加产品的价格，不用明显增加生产费用就可得到光学性能的提高。
本发明可用于所有等级的含填料纸，然而本发明特别适用于由机械纸浆生产的纸。
发明背景
纸的最重要特性之一是纸的白度，一般来说，纸越白则出售价格就越高。纸生产商曾致力于将纸浆经如碱性次氯酸盐的漂白剂处理来得到较白的纸，但在漂白纸浆时，需要大量漂白剂，这是生产费用增加以及漂白剂无效使用和消耗的原因。
由于在造纸过程中使用如碳酸钙的填料时，纸浆因碱性变黑，使由机械浆生产纸的纸生产商损失一部分亮度。这种变黑效应限制了某些填料如碳酸钙的应用，还使光学性能较理想要差而降低了纸的价格。由于使用目前的漂白技术会增加费用，因此需要一种更经济的漂白技术，另外，由于含机械浆和填料如碳酸钙的纸会发生变黑现象，故需要一种可恢复这类纸亮度损失的技术。
已经发现一种新的和先有技术未提出过的漂白含机械浆和诸如碳酸钙、粘土和滑石填料的纸的方法。
因此本发明的一个目的是提供一种增亮填料纸的方法。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种由机械浆和碳酸钙经济生产高级纸的生产方法。本发明还有另一个目的是提供一种特别适用于需高白度等级用途的成品纸。本发明更进一步的目的是使纸生产商不用使用昂贵的漂白设备就可增加纸的亮度。本发明的最后一个目的是可以使纸生产商用碳酸钙填料和机械浆生产纸，而不会有碱性变黑效应的缺点。
本发明的这些及其它一些目的通过下文更详细的说明会更加明白。
有关的先有技术
美国专利No.2,150,926披露了一种用过氧化氢或产生过氧化氢的物质的溶液漂白由来源于植物的纤维纸浆所形成的抄片材料的方法。
美国专利No.2,510,595披露用一个含过氧化物如过氧化氢和磷酸盐的溶液来漂白木基纸。
美国专利No，3613,579披露用一个过氧化氢碱水溶液和蜡分散体对纸抄片同时漂白和上胶。
按照Targ，“氢硼化钠处理纸的稳定作用”，American ChemicalSociety，第212页，427-441页(1986)，使用还原剂如氢硼化钠可使纸增亮。
上述参考文献的内容全部或部分都未曾提出使用各种漂白剂可使由机械浆生产的填料纸增亮。
发明概述
已经发现一种新的和先有技术未提出过的通过纸漂白工艺提高填料纸光学性能的方法。
本发明适用于各种等级的填料纸，本发明特别适用于各种等级的由机械浆和碳酸钙填料生产的纸。
本发明详细说明
已经发现一种新的和先有技术未提出过的通过纸漂白工艺提高填料纸光学性能的方法。
本发明适用于各种等级的填料纸，本发明特别适用于各种等级的由机械浆和碳酸钙填料生产的纸。
适用于本发明的碳酸钙填料包括但也不局限于，任何含碳酸钙矿石，例如石灰石、白垩、白云石和合成生产的沉淀碳酸钙。其它适用于本发明的矿石填料包括滑石、粘土和合成硅基填料。采用本专业熟知的标准造纸技术生产纸。填料纸中可含从约1％到约40％(重量)填料，纸中填料的优选重量取决于所生产纸的具体等级。
适用于本发明方法的漂白剂可以是各类漂白剂，特别适用于本发明方法的漂白剂从过氧化氢、氢硼化钠和连二亚硫酸钠中选用。在使用漂白剂时，可用一个含从约0.1％(重量)到约50％(重量)漂白剂的水溶液，以纸的重量为基准，优选使用从约0.1％(重量)到约5％(重量)，处理剂的含量特别优选从约10％(重量)到2％(重量)。可在纸生产出来后再用漂白剂漂白纸，例如在上胶压榨或复卷机上。
据信当含碳酸钙的纸用过氧化氢漂白时，碳酸钙的碱性会活性过氧化氢，使亮度得以极大提高，这里所提出的观点只是对为什么本发明方法能够漂白含碳酸钙纸做一个推测，它应该只是一种推测，且在任何条件下都不能用来限制本发明范围，通过下面实施例可做进一步说明，更具体的方面可通过权利要求来定义。
实施例实施例1
用由100％脱墨报纸(Garden State Paper提供，Garfield，NewJersy)制备的纸浆制成可比湍流-脉冲式成型器.(由Paper ResearchMaterials，Inc.，Camas，WA制造)手抄片。用去离子水将纸浆稀释至浓度约为0.5％，湍流-脉冲式成型器的剪切速率为1000RPM，加入约0.05％助留剂(高分子量阳离子或阴离子聚丙烯酰胺)，制成不含填料、含5.5％ANSILEX(煅烧粘土)填料和5.6％沉淀碳酸钙填料的三组40磅(基准重量)手抄片。用25磅/英寸2的压榨机压榨该手抄片并在一个镀铬转鼓干燥器上于125°的温度下干燥。测试前，在相对湿度50％和23℃下，将抄片调理至少24小时。采用TAPPI测试法T452-OM92测试所得纸的亮度。手抄片经硼氢化氢或连二亚硫酸钠水溶液处理1分钟，然后再将手抄片压榨和干燥，再次测试。所得结果示于表1。
表1
| 手抄片 | 漂白处理 | ||
| 未漂白 | 1磅/吨NaBH4 | 20磅/吨Na2S2O4 | |
| 无填料(空白) | 55.0 | 55.3 | 55.3 |
| 填充5.5％ANSIEX(煅烧粘土) | 59.1 | 60.1 | 59.8 |
| 填充5.6％沉淀碳酸钙 | 56.5 | 57.9 | 59.3 |
表1表明漂白含粘土或碳酸钙纸可使亮度提高实施例2
由Miramichi干木基纸浆和去离子水调成的浆料制备可比湍流-脉冲式成型器手抄片，用去离子水调节纸浆浓度为0.55％后，纸浆在粉碎机中机械磨碎25分钟，然后搅捣2分钟，加入约0.05％助留剂(高分子量阳离子或阴离子聚丙烯酰胺)。抄片用沉淀碳酸，钙或白垩填充，所加填料的量为5和10％。在测试前，按实施例1所述，将手抄片压榨、干燥和调理。再将抄片用2.5ml 0.11％过氧化氢溶液(10磅/吨漂白)或2.5m1 0.22％过氧化氢溶液(20磅/吨漂白)，然后按实施例1所述将抄片压榨、干燥和调理后，再次测试。所得结果示于表2。
表2
实施例3
| 过氧化漂白 | |||||||
| 抄片类型 | ％填料 | pH | 基准(磅/3000英尺2) | 未漂白亮度 | 亮度10磅/吨漂白 | 亮度20磅/吨漂白 | 亮度增加(20磅/吨) |
| 沉淀碳酸钙 | 10.6 | 9.5 | 41.0 | 54.6 | 56.9 | 57.9 | +3.3 |
| Faxe白垩 | 4.7 | 6.3 | 42.3 | 55.0 | 55.1 | 55.9 | +0.9 |
采用与实施例2所述相同的方法，用由Miramichi干木基纸浆和去离子水调成的0.55％浓度的浆料制成湍流一脉冲成型器手抄片。加入0.05％助留剂，抄片含沉淀碳酸钙或煅烧粘土或白垩或滑石填料。测试前，按实施例2将抄片压榨、干燥和调理。然后用2.5ml 0.11％(10磅/吨漂白)或2.5ml 0.165％(15磅/吨漂白)连二亚硫酸钠水溶液。然后如实施例2将漂白抄片压榨、干燥和调理后，再次测试。所得结果示于表3。
表3
| 连二亚硫酸钠漂白 | |||||||
| 抄片类型 | ％填料 | pH | 基准(磅/3000尺2) | 未漂白亮度 | 亮度10磅/吨漂白 | 亮度15磅/吨漂白 | 亮度增加(10磅/吨) |
| 基础纸料(无填料) | 0 | 5.4 | 41.0 | 55.0 | 57.7 | 57.2 | +2.7 |
| 沉淀碳酸钙 | 10.0 | 8.8 | 40.8 | 55.1 | 60 | 60.1 | +4.9 |
| ANSILEX煅烧粘土 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 41.0 | 58.4 | 61.5 | 61.6 | +3.1 |
| Eaxe白垩 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 41.4 | 55.8 | 60.1 | 60.1 | +4.3 |
| Kanzaki滑石 | 4.8 | 5.8 | 41.0 | 55.4 | 58.8 | 58.9 | +3.4 |
从上面实施例可以看出，漂白填料纸可使得纸亮度提高，这个新方法简单、有效且很容易用于大部分造纸方法中。
Claims (5)
1.一种提高填料纸亮度的方法，该方法包括用有效量的漂白剂处理填料纸，漂白剂选自过氧化氢、氢硼化钠和连二亚硫酸钠。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中纸填料为碳酸钙，漂白剂为氢硼化钠、过氧化氢或连二亚硫酸钠。
3.权利要求1的方法，其中纸填料选自碳酸钙、粘土、滑石和合成硅基填料，漂白剂为连二亚硫酸钠。
4.一种提高含碳酸钙纸的亮度的方法，包括用有效量的含过氧化氢漂白剂处理纸。
5.一种按前述任一要求方法制成的改进纸。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US36525394A | 1994-12-28 | 1994-12-28 | |
| US08/365,253 | 1994-12-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1171827A true CN1171827A (zh) | 1998-01-28 |
| CN1074073C CN1074073C (zh) | 2001-10-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95197131A Expired - Fee Related CN1074073C (zh) | 1994-12-28 | 1995-11-16 | 提高填料纸亮度的方法和所得改进纸 |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6602385B1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0800596B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH10511746A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1074073C (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE193346T1 (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU708310B2 (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR9510425A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2209014A1 (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69517199T2 (zh) |
| FI (1) | FI115225B (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL116531A (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX9704911A (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY138634A (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO972996L (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ298222A (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL321045A1 (zh) |
| SK (1) | SK284917B6 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW367381B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1996020308A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA9510015B (zh) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI112958B (fi) * | 1997-12-19 | 2004-02-13 | Kemira Oyj | Menetelmä kemiallisen massan valkaisemiseksi sekä valkaisuliuoksen käyttö |
| CA2285823C (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2007-07-10 | Pulp And Paper Research Institute Of Canada | A method for reducing alkaline darkening of mechanical pulp containing a calcium carbonate filler |
| US6627041B2 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2003-09-30 | Georgia-Pacific Corporation | Method of bleaching and providing papermaking fibers with durable curl |
| US6899790B2 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2005-05-31 | Georgia-Pacific Corporation | Method of providing papermaking fibers with durable curl |
| DE10120526A1 (de) * | 2001-04-26 | 2002-10-31 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zellstoff |
| DE10211292A1 (de) | 2002-03-14 | 2003-09-25 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gefälltem Calciumcarbonat mit hohem Weißgrad |
| BRPI0508681A (pt) * | 2004-03-23 | 2007-08-21 | Imerys Pigments Inc | composição, método para branquear redutivamente uma suspensão mineral, e, produto |
| GB0413068D0 (en) * | 2004-06-11 | 2004-07-14 | Imerys Minerals Ltd | Treatment of pulp |
| EP1828335B1 (en) * | 2005-01-21 | 2010-03-10 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Activation method using modifying agent |
| JP4846405B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-27 | 2011-12-28 | 北越紀州製紙株式会社 | 紙配合熱可塑性樹脂組成物の製造方法 |
| JP5506228B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-04 | 2014-05-28 | 丸尾カルシウム株式会社 | コロイド炭酸カルシウム填剤及びその製造方法、並びに該填剤を配合してなる樹脂組成物 |
| US20100224333A1 (en) | 2009-03-09 | 2010-09-09 | Prasad Duggirala | Method and chemical composition to improve efficiency of mechanical pulp |
| US9932709B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2018-04-03 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Processes and compositions for brightness improvement in paper production |
| JP2011073899A (ja) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-14 | Okutama Kogyo Co Ltd | 軽質炭酸カルシウムの製造方法 |
| TW201418545A (zh) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-16 | Real Green Material Technology Corp | 以石頭製成之環保紙材及其製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2150926A (en) | 1937-07-03 | 1939-03-21 | Buffalo Electro Chem Co | Process of making and bleaching paper |
| US2510595A (en) * | 1946-09-20 | 1950-06-06 | Buffalo Electro Chem Co | Method of bleaching groundwood |
| US2613579A (en) | 1947-08-27 | 1952-10-14 | Buffalo Electro Chem Co | Sizing and bleaching a wet web |
| DE1293019B (de) * | 1960-12-31 | 1969-04-17 | Stiftelsen Wallboardindustrien | Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer hochweissen Oberflaechenschicht auf Lignozellulose enthaltenden Gegenstaenden, wie Papierkarton |
| JPS5274003A (en) * | 1975-07-23 | 1977-06-21 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind | Paper screening method |
| US5181988A (en) * | 1988-07-08 | 1993-01-26 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Method for preventing the discoloration of paper and paper treated to prevent discoloring |
| FI90680C (fi) * | 1992-04-24 | 1994-03-10 | Kymin Paperiteollisuus Oy | Paperirainan valkaisu peroksidilla |
| US5380361A (en) * | 1993-03-12 | 1995-01-10 | Minerals Technologies, Inc. | Modified filler material for alkaline paper and method of use thereof in alkaline paper making |
| US5360515A (en) * | 1993-08-25 | 1994-11-01 | The Research Foundation Of The State University Of New York | Method for reducing thermal and light-induced brightness reversion in lignin-containing pulps |
-
1995
- 1995-11-16 SK SK719-97A patent/SK284917B6/sk unknown
- 1995-11-16 CA CA002209014A patent/CA2209014A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-11-16 JP JP8520446A patent/JPH10511746A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1995-11-16 AT AT95942429T patent/ATE193346T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-16 MX MX9704911A patent/MX9704911A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-16 WO PCT/US1995/014995 patent/WO1996020308A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-11-16 DE DE69517199T patent/DE69517199T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-16 PL PL95321045A patent/PL321045A1/xx unknown
- 1995-11-16 AU AU43656/96A patent/AU708310B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-11-16 NZ NZ298222A patent/NZ298222A/xx unknown
- 1995-11-16 BR BR9510425A patent/BR9510425A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-11-16 EP EP95942429A patent/EP0800596B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-16 CN CN95197131A patent/CN1074073C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-11-24 ZA ZA9510015A patent/ZA9510015B/xx unknown
- 1995-12-19 MY MYPI95003930A patent/MY138634A/en unknown
- 1995-12-22 IL IL11653195A patent/IL116531A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-01-06 TW TW085100116A patent/TW367381B/zh active
-
1997
- 1997-01-28 US US08/790,144 patent/US6602385B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-13 FI FI972529A patent/FI115225B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-26 NO NO972996A patent/NO972996L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW367381B (en) | 1999-08-21 |
| DE69517199D1 (de) | 2000-06-29 |
| EP0800596A1 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
| CN1074073C (zh) | 2001-10-31 |
| ATE193346T1 (de) | 2000-06-15 |
| JPH10511746A (ja) | 1998-11-10 |
| SK71997A3 (en) | 1997-10-08 |
| AU708310B2 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
| BR9510425A (pt) | 1998-07-07 |
| NZ298222A (en) | 1999-07-29 |
| FI972529A0 (fi) | 1997-06-13 |
| SK284917B6 (sk) | 2006-02-02 |
| IL116531A (en) | 2000-06-01 |
| NO972996D0 (no) | 1997-06-26 |
| MX9704911A (es) | 1997-10-31 |
| ZA9510015B (en) | 1996-06-04 |
| AU4365696A (en) | 1996-07-19 |
| WO1996020308A1 (en) | 1996-07-04 |
| FI115225B (fi) | 2005-03-31 |
| MY138634A (en) | 2009-07-31 |
| EP0800596B1 (en) | 2000-05-24 |
| DE69517199T2 (de) | 2000-12-14 |
| NO972996L (no) | 1997-08-15 |
| IL116531A0 (en) | 1996-03-31 |
| PL321045A1 (en) | 1997-11-24 |
| US6602385B1 (en) | 2003-08-05 |
| FI972529A (fi) | 1997-06-13 |
| CA2209014A1 (en) | 1996-07-04 |
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