CN117174508B

CN117174508B - Universal change-over switch

Info

Publication number: CN117174508B
Application number: CN202311449595.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘军
Original assignee: Brad Electric Jiangyin Co ltd
Current assignee: Brad Electric Jiangyin Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-11-02
Filing date: 2023-11-02
Publication date: 2024-01-23
Anticipated expiration: 2043-11-02
Also published as: CN117174508A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of transfer switches, and particularly discloses a universal transfer switch which comprises a switch body and a control mechanism, wherein the switch body comprises a first shell, a plurality of cam mechanisms arranged in the first shell and contact mechanisms matched with the cam mechanisms, a driving cavity is formed in the first shell, a rotating shaft and an adjusting screw are arranged in the driving cavity, the adjusting screw is rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft, a plurality of threaded sleeves are connected onto the adjusting screw in a threaded manner, and the threaded sleeves are in sliding connection with the rotating shaft; the threaded sleeve is provided with a matching component. According to the change-over switch disclosed by the invention, the sliding position of the adjusting screw sleeve is adjusted by controlling the rotation of the adjusting screw, so that the matching component is connected with the cam mechanism, thereby driving the cam mechanisms with different layers and different numbers to rotate, controlling the contact mechanisms to be closed and opened at different positions, realizing the complex control of a plurality of circuits, and improving the operation efficiency of the universal change-over switch.

Description

Universal change-over switch

Technical Field

The invention particularly relates to the technical field of change-over switches, in particular to a universal change-over switch.

Background

The universal change-over switch is a multi-gear master control electric appliance for controlling a plurality of loops. The universal change-over switch is mainly used for the conversion of various control lines, the remote control and conversion of distribution device lines, the commutation measurement control of a voltmeter and the like. The universal change-over switch can also be directly used for controlling the starting, reversing and speed regulation of the small-capacity motor, and is usually used as a control switch, a test equipment switch, a motor control switch and a master switch in electrical equipment. The universal change-over switch is a low-voltage electric appliance product operated manually, and is composed of contact system, locating booster system and drive mechanism, and is composed of cam, moving and static contacts, locating mechanism, operating hand wheel, casing and insulating supporter.

Generally, a universal switch controls the operation state of a contact system composed of a plurality of contacts based on the change of the shape and arrangement of cams to meet various demands. When the bracket is positioned at the notch of the cam, the movable contact and the fixed contact are contacted, the switch is closed, and the controlled circuit is switched on; by rotating the handle, the bracket is pushed open by the cam along with the rotation of the cam, the moving contact and the fixed contact are separated, and the controlled circuit is disconnected, so that the on-off of the working circuit is changed.

Since the switch can realize complicated control of many lines by combining a considerable number of contact elements, for example, simultaneous control of a plurality of motors, long-time closing or opening, etc. can be realized. Because of the variety and number of cams that can be used, many different combinations are possible, which in theory have unlimited possibilities, including a variety of situations with different layers, different angles, different modes of operation, etc., and are therefore commonly referred to as universal switches. The core working part of the universal switch is a plurality of cam mechanisms for determining the working state of the universal switch, so the universal switch can be commonly and colloquially called a cam switch and also called a rotary cam switch.

For the universal change-over switch with a multi-layer design, a driving component of the universal change-over switch contacts with contact mechanisms at different positions in the same layer by utilizing a protruding part of a cam mechanism to realize the closing and opening of a movable contact and a fixed contact, and the closing and opening of the movable contact and the fixed contact and the control quantity of the contacts at different layers can not be freely regulated when the conventional change-over switch is used, so that the control capability of the universal change-over switch on a complex line is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a universal change-over switch, which solves the problem that the prior change-over switch of the type proposed in the background art cannot freely adjust the closing and opening of moving and static contacts and the control quantity of the contacts in different layers when in use, thereby limiting the control capability of the universal change-over switch on complex circuits.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

a universal transfer switch comprising a switch body, the switch body comprising:

a first shell body, a driving cavity is arranged in the first shell body, a rotating shaft and an adjusting screw rod are arranged in the driving cavity, the adjusting screw is rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft, a plurality of threaded sleeves are connected to the adjusting screw in a threaded manner, and the threaded sleeves are connected with the rotating shaft in a sliding manner; the screw sleeve is provided with a matching component with a telescopic function, when the matching component is in an extension state, the matching component extends out of the rotating shaft to be connected with the cam mechanism, the screw sleeve is controlled to slide along the rotating shaft when the adjusting screw rotates, the screw sleeve is driven to approach the cam mechanism, the matching component reaches a connecting position, and the connecting position is used for connecting the screw sleeve and the cam mechanism;

the cam mechanism comprises a cam body and a plurality of convex edges arranged on the periphery of the cam body, and the cam body is provided with a slot for connecting with the matching component;

the contact mechanism is matched with the cam mechanism and comprises a fixed contact and a moving contact, the fixed contact and the moving contact are connected through a connecting spring, and the cam mechanism in a rotating state drives the convex edge to contact and press the moving contact, so that the moving contact moves towards the fixed contact until the moving contact contacts the fixed contact, and a controlled circuit is closed.

As a further scheme of the invention: the cam body is rotatably arranged in the driving cavity, and an opening for the rotation shaft to penetrate is formed in the center of the cam body.

As still further aspects of the invention: the screw sleeve is provided with a chute, the matching assembly comprises a second top block and a third spring, the second top block is slidably arranged in the chute, and the tail part of the second top block is connected with the chute through the third spring; and a notch for the matched assembly to pass through is formed in the rotating shaft.

As still further aspects of the invention: the driving cavity is internally provided with a support for installing the cam body, one side, close to the cam body, of the support is provided with a sliding block, the cam body is provided with an arc-shaped groove matched with the sliding block, and the sliding block is in sliding connection with the arc-shaped groove, so that the cam body is rotatably installed in the driving cavity.

As still further aspects of the invention: the cam body circumference side protruding edge upper slide installs the sliding block, the slot that the cam body was inside sets up is logical groove structure, and the entry end of slot sets up in the opening part, and the exit end of slot is close to the sliding block setting, the inside slidable mounting of slot has the slip ejector pin, and the slip ejector pin is provided with first inclined plane towards one side of sliding block, be provided with on the sliding block with first inclined plane matched with second inclined plane.

As still further aspects of the invention: the contact mechanism further comprises a limiting slide rod, the limiting slide rod is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the first shell, the moving contact and the fixed contact are arranged in a mounting groove formed in the inner wall of the first shell, the moving contact is fixedly mounted at the tail end of the limiting slide rod, the fixed contact is fixedly mounted in the inner wall of the mounting groove, and a circular protrusion is arranged at the head end of the limiting slide rod.

As still further aspects of the invention: the sliding block is provided with an arc chute towards one side of the contact mechanism, the arc chute comprises a first groove section and a second groove section, the first groove section is a reducing groove section, the depth of the first groove section is increased from small to large in sequence along the sliding direction of the circular protrusion, the second groove section is an equal-diameter groove section, and the depth of the second groove section is the same as that of the tail of the first groove section.

As still further aspects of the invention: the switch body further comprises a second shell, the second shell is arranged at the bottom of the first shell, the inside of the second shell is communicated with the first shell, the lower end of the rotating shaft stretches into the inside of the second shell, a gear and a limiting wheel are fixedly arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft, and the gear is positioned above the limiting wheel; the inner wall of the second shell is provided with a fixed gear ring matched with the gear and a first jacking block matched with the limiting wheel, and the first jacking block is connected with the inner wall of the second shell through a first spring; the rotating shaft is also connected with the second shell through an elastic piece.

As still further aspects of the invention: the limiting wheel is provided with a plurality of protruding sections, a concave section is formed between every two adjacent protruding sections in a concave mode, the first ejector block is matched with the concave section, and the first ejector block clamps into the concave section and then limits the limiting wheel.

As still further aspects of the invention: the bottom of second casing is provided with the rotation seat, the inside slidable mounting who rotates the seat has the bearing frame, the lower extreme of axis of rotation is rotated and is installed on the bearing frame, the elastic component is the second spring, the one end and the bearing frame of second spring are connected, and the other end and the second casing of second spring are connected.

As still further aspects of the invention: the control mechanism comprises a panel, a first knob and a second knob, wherein the panel is fixedly arranged on the first shell, the first knob is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, and the second knob is fixedly connected with the adjusting screw.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a change-over switch which is provided with a switch body and a control mechanism, wherein the switch body comprises a first shell, a plurality of cam mechanisms arranged in the first shell and a contact mechanism matched with the cam mechanisms, a driving cavity is formed in the first shell, a rotating shaft and an adjusting screw rod are arranged in the driving cavity, the adjusting screw rod is rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft, a plurality of threaded sleeves are connected onto the adjusting screw rod in a threaded manner, a matching component extending out of the rotating shaft and connected with the cam mechanisms is arranged on the threaded sleeves, the sliding position of the threaded sleeves is adjusted by controlling the adjusting screw rod to rotate, the matching component is connected with the cam mechanisms, so that cam mechanisms with different layers and different numbers are driven to rotate, the contact mechanisms at different positions are controlled to be closed and opened, the flexibility of opening and closing of a contact is improved, complex control over a plurality of circuits is realized, and the operation efficiency of the universal change-over switch is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a universal switch.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the universal switch.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a universal switch.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged partial schematic view at a in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a universal switch.

FIG. 6 is a top view of the interior of the first housing of the universal switch.

Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged schematic view at B in fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is a partially enlarged schematic view at C in fig. 6.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the cam mechanism in the universal switch.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a slider in a universal switch.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of a stationary ring gear in a universal switch.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a limit wheel configuration in a universal switch.

In the figure: the switch comprises a switch body, a first 11-housing, a connecting terminal 12-housing, a second 13-housing, a fixed gear ring 131-housing, a first 132-top block, a first 133-spring, a second 134-spring, a driving cavity 14-housing, a rotating 15-shaft 151-gear, a limiting wheel 152-housing, a regulating screw 16-housing, a threaded sleeve 161-housing, a second 162-top block 163-third spring, a cam 17-mechanism, an arc groove 171-housing, a convex edge 172-housing, a sliding block 173-housing, a first 1731-housing section, a second 1732-housing section, a second 1733-inclined surface 174-sliding ejector rod 175-fourth spring 18-contact mechanism 181-stationary contact 182-connecting spring 183-moving contact 184-sliding rod 19-slider 20-control mechanism 21-first knob and second knob 22-second knob.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

1-12, in the embodiment of the present invention, a universal switch includes a switch body 10, where the switch body 10 includes a first housing 11, a plurality of cam mechanisms 17 disposed inside the first housing 11, and a contact mechanism 18 matched with the cam mechanisms 17, and it should be noted that the contact mechanism 18 in the embodiment is used for connecting a controlled circuit; the driving cavity 14 is formed in the first shell 11, a rotating shaft 15 and an adjusting screw 16 are arranged in the driving cavity 14, the rotating shaft 15 is of a hollow structure, the adjusting screw 16 is rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft 15, a plurality of threaded sleeves 161 are connected to the adjusting screw 16 in a threaded manner, and the threaded sleeves 161 are slidably connected with the inner wall of the rotating shaft 15; the screw sleeve 161 is provided with a matching component with a telescopic function, when the matching component is in an extension state, the extending rotating shaft 15 is connected with the cam mechanism 17, when the adjusting screw 16 rotates, the control screw sleeve 161 slides along the rotating shaft 15, the screw sleeve 161 is driven to approach the cam mechanism 17, so that the matching component reaches a connecting position, the connecting position is used for connecting the screw sleeve 161 and the cam mechanism 17, after the screw sleeve 161 and the cam mechanism 17 are connected, the cam mechanism 17 can be driven to rotate by controlling the rotating shaft 15 to rotate, and further, in the application, the position of the screw sleeve 161 is controlled by the adjusting screw 16, so that the screw sleeve 161 can be connected with different positions and different numbers of the cam mechanisms 17;

referring to fig. 5, the screw sleeve 161 in fig. 5 is in an initial position, when the screw sleeve 161 moves under the driving action of the adjusting screw 16, the screw sleeve 161 in the lower layer contacts with the cam mechanism 17 in the first layer, that is, the screw sleeve 161 in the lower layer reaches the connection position first, at this time, the rotating shaft 15 drives the cam mechanism 17 in the first layer to rotate, further controls the adjusting screw 16 to rotate, and the screw sleeve 161 sequentially contacts with the cam mechanisms 17 in the second layer and the third layer, so that the rotating shaft 15 can control the cam mechanisms 17 in the second layer and the third layer to synchronously rotate, and the rotating shaft 15 can drive the cam mechanisms 17 in different layers and different numbers to rotate by the control mode, so as to further control the closing and opening of the cam mechanisms 18 in different positions, thereby increasing the flexibility of the opening and closing of the control contacts of the universal change-over switch, realizing complex control over a plurality of lines, and improving the operation efficiency of the universal change-over switch.

In this embodiment, the cam mechanism 17 includes a cam body and a plurality of protruding edges 172 disposed on the circumferential side of the cam body, as shown in fig. 9, the cam body is rotatably mounted inside the driving cavity 14, an opening through which the rotation shaft 15 passes is provided at the center of the cam body, a slot for connecting with the mating component is provided inside the cam body, an inlet end of the slot is disposed at the opening, after the screw sleeve 161 approaches the cam mechanism 17, the mating component is inserted into the slot to realize connection between the screw sleeve 161 and the cam mechanism 17, and after the connection is completed, the rotation shaft 15 can drive the cam mechanism 17 to rotate;

in this embodiment, the contact mechanism 18 includes a fixed contact 181 and a moving contact 183, where the fixed contact 181 and the moving contact 183 are connected by a connection spring 182, and the cam mechanism 17 contacts and presses the moving contact 183 with the convex edge 172 during rotation, so that the moving contact 183 moves toward the fixed contact 181 until the moving contact 183 contacts the fixed contact 181, thereby closing the controlled circuit, and it can be understood that the switch body 10 is provided with a connection terminal 12 connected to the contact mechanism 18, as shown in fig. 1.

Further, referring to fig. 3 and 4, in the embodiment of the present application, a sliding groove is formed on the threaded sleeve 161, the matching assembly includes a second top block 162 and a third spring 163, the second top block 162 is slidably mounted inside the sliding groove, and the tail portion of the second top block 162 is connected with the sliding groove through the third spring 163; in addition, the rotating shaft 15 is provided with a notch through which the matching component passes, the notch is provided with a position consistent with the installation position of the cam mechanism 17, so that the matching component smoothly enters the slot of the cam mechanism 17 after passing out of the notch, it can be understood that the notch is provided with a plurality of notches, the notch corresponds to the cam mechanism 17, the screw sleeve 161 is far away from the notch in the initial state, at this time, the second top block 162 is retracted into the chute under the extrusion of the inner wall of the rotating shaft 15, and after the screw sleeve 161 moves close to the notch, the second top block 162 slides out of the chute and the notch under the extrusion action of the third spring 163.

Referring to fig. 4 and 9 again, a bracket for installing the cam body is provided in the driving chamber 14, a sliding block is provided on one side of the bracket near the cam body, an arc groove 171 matched with the sliding block is provided on the cam body, and the sliding block is slidingly connected with the arc groove, so that the cam body is rotatably installed in the driving chamber 14.

Referring to fig. 6-9, in this embodiment, a sliding block 173 is slidably mounted on a flange 172 on the circumferential side of the cam body, a slot formed in the cam body is of a through slot structure, an inlet end of the slot is disposed at an opening, an outlet end of the slot is disposed near the sliding block 173, a sliding ejector pin 174 is slidably mounted in the slot, a first inclined plane is disposed on a side of the sliding ejector pin 174 facing the sliding block 173, a second inclined plane 1733 matched with the first inclined plane is disposed on the sliding block 173, when the screw sleeve 161 is connected with the cam mechanism 17, the second ejector block 162 is inserted into the slot and presses the sliding ejector pin 174 to move toward the sliding block 173, so that the first inclined plane presses the second inclined plane 1733 to drive the sliding block 173 to slide, in this embodiment, the sliding direction of the sliding block 173 is counterclockwise, the length of the flange 172 is increased after the sliding of the sliding block 173, the angle of the required turning of the cam body from the contact to the opening is increased, and of course, in order to use an electrical safety switch body needs a margin time, and the required turning of the cam body from the contact to the closing needs to the opening needs to be turned off from the cam body to the opening;

referring to fig. 7 again, in this embodiment of the present application, the contact mechanism 18 further includes a limit sliding rod 184, the limit sliding rod 184 is slidably mounted on an inner wall of the first housing 11, the moving contact 183 and the fixed contact 181 are disposed in an installation slot formed in the inner wall of the first housing 11, the moving contact 183 is fixedly mounted at a tail end of the limit sliding rod 184, the fixed contact 181 is fixedly mounted in an inner wall of the installation slot, a circular protrusion is disposed at a head end of the limit sliding rod 184, and after the cam mechanism 17 rotates, the protruding edge 172 and the sliding block 173 approach and press the circular protrusion to control the limit sliding rod 184 to slide towards the installation slot, so that the moving contact 183 and the fixed contact 181 contact each other, thereby conducting the controlled circuit;

further, as shown in fig. 10, in order to reduce the kinetic energy when the moving contact 183 and the fixed contact 181 in the prior art are in collision contact, an arc chute is formed on one side of the sliding block 173 facing the contact mechanism 18, the arc chute comprises a first groove section 1731 and a second groove section 1732, the first groove section 1731 is a reducing groove section, the depth of the first groove section 1731 increases from small to large along the sliding direction of the circular protrusion, the second groove section 1732 is an equal-diameter groove section, the depth of the second groove section 1732 is the same as the depth of the tail of the first groove section 1731, the circular protrusion slides along the first groove section 1731 after the sliding block 173 contacts with the circular protrusion, and the circular protrusion drives the limit sliding rod 184 to gradually slide towards the mounting groove along the sliding direction of the circular protrusion, so that the distance between the moving contact 183 and the fixed contact 181 gradually decreases until the circular protrusion slides to the tail of the first groove section 1731, the distance between the moving contact 183 and the fixed contact 181 is zero, and the moving contact 183 is kept in contact 181, and the moving contact 181 is prevented from damaging by the moving contact 183, and the moving contact 181 is also prevented from being in collision with the moving contact 181, and the moving contact 181 is prevented from being damaged by the moving contact 181, and the moving contact 181 is kept in the same state, and the moving contact 181 is kept in the state, and the moving contact state is kept in the moving contact 181 is kept in the state.

In addition, referring to fig. 3 and fig. 11 and 12 again, the switch body 10 further includes a second housing 13, the second housing 13 is mounted at the bottom of the first housing 11, the interior of the second housing 13 is communicated with the first housing 11, the lower end of the rotating shaft 15 extends into the interior of the second housing 13, and a gear 151 and a limiting wheel 152 are fixedly mounted at the lower end of the rotating shaft 15, and the gear 151 is located above the limiting wheel 152; the inner wall of the second housing 13 is provided with a fixed gear ring 131 matched with the gear 151 and a first top block 132 matched with the limit wheel 152, and the first top block 132 is connected with the inner wall of the second housing 13 through a first spring 133; the rotating shaft 15 is further connected with the second housing 13 through an elastic member, in an initial state, the elastic member extrudes the rotating shaft 15 to rise, the gear 151 is clamped into the fixed gear ring 131, at this time, the rotating shaft 15 cannot rotate, after the rotating shaft 15 is pressed, the elastic member compresses, the rotating shaft 15 descends, the gear 151 is separated from the fixed gear ring 131, and the limiting wheel 152 and the first top block 132 are at the same height, at this time, the rotating shaft 15 is in a rotatable state, in the rotating process of the rotating shaft 15, the limiting wheel 152 is limited by the first top block 132, after the rotation is completed, the pressing force applied to the rotating shaft 15 is removed, the rotating shaft 15 rises again, and the gear 151 is clamped into the fixed gear ring 131 to limit the rotating shaft 15 again, so that the gear position of the change-over switch is maintained;

further, in this embodiment of the present application, a plurality of protruding sections are provided on the limiting wheel 152, a concave section is formed between two adjacent protruding sections in a concave manner, the first top block 132 is matched with the concave section, and the first top block 132 is clamped into the concave section and then limits the limiting wheel 152.

It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the present application, a rotating seat is disposed at the bottom of the second housing 13, a bearing seat (not shown in the drawing) is slidably mounted in the rotating seat, the lower end of the rotating shaft 15 is rotatably mounted on the bearing seat, the elastic member is a second spring 134, one end of the second spring 134 is connected with the bearing seat, and the other end of the second spring 134 is connected with the second housing 13, it is understood that the bearing seat may slide up and down along the rotating seat at the bottom of the second housing 13, so as to drive the rotating shaft 15 to slide up and down, and meanwhile, the rotating shaft 15 may also rotate on the bearing seat;

referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present application, the control mechanism 20 includes a panel, a first knob 21 and a second knob 22, the panel is fixedly mounted on the first housing 11, the first knob 21 is fixedly connected with the rotation shaft 15, the second knob 22 is fixedly connected with the adjusting screw 16, the first knob 21 is used for controlling the rotation of the rotation shaft 15 and the rising and falling of the rotation shaft 15, and the second knob 22 is used for controlling the rotation of the adjusting screw 16.

In summary, the switch disclosed by the invention is provided with the switch body and the control mechanism, the switch body comprises the first shell, a plurality of cam mechanisms arranged in the first shell and contact mechanisms matched with the cam mechanisms, the first shell is provided with the driving cavity, the driving cavity is internally provided with the rotating shaft and the adjusting screw, the adjusting screw is rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft, the adjusting screw is in threaded connection with a plurality of threaded sleeves, the threaded sleeves are further provided with the matched assembly which extends out of the rotating shaft and is connected with the cam mechanisms, the sliding positions of the threaded sleeves are adjusted by controlling the rotating of the adjusting screw, the matched assembly is connected with the cam mechanisms, so that the cam mechanisms with different layers and different numbers are driven to rotate, the contact mechanisms are controlled to be closed and opened at different positions, the opening and closing flexibility of the contact is controlled by the universal switch is increased, the complex control of a plurality of circuits is realized, and the operation efficiency of the universal switch is improved.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A universal transfer switch comprising a switch body (10), characterized in that said switch body (10) comprises:

the device comprises a first shell (11), wherein a driving cavity (14) is formed in the first shell (11), a rotating shaft (15) and an adjusting screw (16) are arranged in the driving cavity (14), the adjusting screw (16) is rotatably arranged in the rotating shaft (15), a plurality of threaded sleeves (161) are connected to the adjusting screw (16) in a threaded mode, and the threaded sleeves (161) are in sliding connection with the rotating shaft (15); the screw sleeve (161) is provided with a matching component with a telescopic function, when the matching component is in an extension state, the matching component extends out of the rotating shaft (15) to be connected with the cam mechanism (17), the screw sleeve (161) is controlled to slide along the rotating shaft (15) when the adjusting screw (16) rotates, the screw sleeve (161) is driven to approach the cam mechanism (17), so that the matching component reaches a connecting position, and the connecting position is used for connecting the screw sleeve (161) and the cam mechanism (17); the screw sleeve (161) is provided with a sliding groove, the matching assembly comprises a second top block (162) and a third spring (163), the second top block (162) is slidably arranged in the sliding groove, and the tail part of the second top block (162) is connected with the sliding groove through the third spring (163); a gap for the matching component to pass through is formed in the rotating shaft (15);

the cam mechanism (17) is arranged in the first shell (11), the cam mechanism (17) comprises a cam body and a plurality of convex edges (172) arranged on the periphery of the cam body, and the cam body is provided with a slot for being connected with the matching component; the cam is characterized in that a sliding block (173) is slidably arranged on a convex edge (172) on the periphery of the cam body, a slot formed in the cam body is of a through slot structure, an inlet end of the slot is arranged at an opening, an outlet end of the slot is close to the sliding block (173), a sliding ejector rod (174) is slidably arranged in the slot, a first inclined surface is arranged on one side, facing the sliding block (173), of the sliding ejector rod (174), and a second inclined surface (1733) matched with the first inclined surface is arranged on the sliding block (173); an arc-shaped chute is formed in one side, facing the contact mechanism (18), of the sliding block (173), the arc-shaped chute comprises a first groove section (1731) and a second groove section (1732), the first groove section (1731) is a variable-diameter groove section, the depth of the first groove section (1731) is sequentially increased from small to large along the sliding direction of the circular protrusion, the second groove section (1732) is an equal-diameter groove section, and the depth of the second groove section (1732) is the same as the depth of the tail of the first groove section (1731);

the contact mechanism (18) is matched with the cam mechanism (17), the contact mechanism (18) comprises a fixed contact (181) and a moving contact (183), the fixed contact (181) and the moving contact (183) are connected through a connecting spring (182), the cam mechanism (17) in a rotating state drives the convex edge (172) to contact and press the moving contact (183), and the moving contact (183) moves towards the fixed contact (181) until the moving contact (183) contacts the fixed contact (181) to close a controlled circuit.

2. A universal switch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cam body is rotatably mounted within the drive chamber (14), the centre of the cam body being provided with an opening through which the rotary shaft (15) passes.

3. The universal change-over switch according to claim 2, characterized in that a bracket for installing the cam body is arranged in the driving cavity (14), a sliding block is arranged on one side, close to the cam body, of the bracket, an arc-shaped groove (171) matched with the sliding block is arranged on the cam body, and the sliding block is in sliding connection with the arc-shaped groove, so that the cam body is rotatably installed in the driving cavity (14).

4. The universal change-over switch according to claim 1, wherein the contact mechanism (18) further comprises a limit slide bar (184), the limit slide bar (184) is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the first housing (11), the moving contact (183) and the fixed contact (181) are disposed in a mounting groove formed in the inner wall of the first housing (11), the moving contact (183) is fixedly mounted at the tail end of the limit slide bar (184), the fixed contact (181) is fixedly mounted in the inner wall of the mounting groove, and the head end of the limit slide bar (184) is provided with a circular protrusion.

5. The universal change-over switch according to claim 1, wherein the switch body (10) further comprises a second housing (13), the second housing (13) is mounted at the bottom of the first housing (11), the interior of the second housing (13) is communicated with the first housing (11), the lower end of the rotating shaft (15) stretches into the interior of the second housing (13), a gear (151) and a limiting wheel (152) are fixedly mounted at the lower end of the rotating shaft (15), and the gear (151) is located above the limiting wheel (152); the inner wall of the second shell (13) is provided with a fixed gear ring (131) matched with the gear (151) and a first top block (132) matched with the limiting wheel (152), and the first top block (132) is connected with the inner wall of the second shell (13) through a first spring (133); the rotating shaft (15) is also connected with the second shell (13) through an elastic piece.

6. The universal change-over switch according to claim 5, wherein a rotating seat is provided at the bottom of the second housing (13), a bearing seat is slidably mounted in the rotating seat, the lower end of the rotating shaft (15) is rotatably mounted on the bearing seat, the elastic member is a second spring (134), one end of the second spring (134) is connected with the bearing seat, and the other end of the second spring (134) is connected with the second housing (13).

7. The universal switch of claim 6, further comprising a control mechanism (20), wherein the control mechanism (20) comprises a panel, a first knob (21) and a second knob (22), wherein the panel is fixedly mounted on the first housing (11), the first knob (21) is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft (15), and the second knob (22) is fixedly connected with the adjusting screw (16).