CN117154133A - Marine fuel cell comprehensive thermal management system - Google Patents
Marine fuel cell comprehensive thermal management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117154133A CN117154133A CN202311416018.5A CN202311416018A CN117154133A CN 117154133 A CN117154133 A CN 117154133A CN 202311416018 A CN202311416018 A CN 202311416018A CN 117154133 A CN117154133 A CN 117154133A
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- hot water
- air
- hydrogen
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- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 57
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
Abstract
The marine fuel cell integrated heat management system provided by the application directly utilizes the environmental water in the marine navigation process to cool the fresh air entering the fuel cell system, simplifies the heat management configuration and management of the intercooler, and avoids using a cooling mode with higher cost, higher energy consumption, such as an electric radiator, a fan and the like. The comprehensive thermal management system for the marine fuel cell provided by the application takes the environmental water in the sailing process of the ship as an important cold source, utilizes the gas-liquid heat exchanger to cool the environmental air entering the ship cabin, achieves the effect of an air conditioner, realizes the cooling effect of the ship cabin, replaces the traditional air conditioner, reduces the cost of the ship, greatly reduces the energy consumption spent by the refrigeration of the traditional air conditioner, and really realizes the effect of energy conservation.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of ships, in particular to a comprehensive thermal management system of a marine fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell is a device for converting chemical energy of fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, and the efficiency of the fuel cell is not limited by the carnot theorem, and the theoretical efficiency of the fuel cell is far higher than that of other power devices, and considering that a hydrogen fuel cell system typified by hydrogen has no harmful emission and no carbon emission in the energy conversion process, the fuel cell technology is an important direction of a ship power system for carbonization-free conversion. Currently, the application of fuel cell technology in ships is rising, from the existing technical scheme, the understanding of the fuel cell technology is not deep enough, most of the fuel cell technology is simply matched, the fuel cell is used as the power of the ship, or a plurality of new energy sources are simply combined and applied, and in the cooling or thermal management direction of the fuel cell, the rough application is also carried out, the essential characteristics of the fuel cell and the overall requirements of the ship are not deeply considered, and the existing technical scheme lacks the view of the whole and the system, so that the energy utilization efficiency is not improved to a higher level.
When the environmental temperature is high or too low in ship navigation, the temperature is reduced or heated by using an air conditioner, so that the energy consumption is high; and the installation of the air conditioner also needs to occupy a larger space; therefore, how to reasonably and comprehensively utilize the heat of the ship and the refrigerating function of the environmental water is a big problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome at least one defect of the prior art, and provides a comprehensive thermal management system for a marine fuel cell, which is used for managing, distributing and scheduling available heat energy, available cold sources, heat energy demands, cooling demands and the like in fuel cells, ships and the surrounding environment of the ships from the whole angle of energy utilization, realizing efficient conversion, transmission and transportation of the available heat energy and the available cold sources, and finally realizing comprehensive control and management of the temperature of liquid and gas taking the ships as core units by combining electromagnetic valves, pipelines and control strategies, thereby reducing the whole energy consumption of the ships and improving the efficiency of the fuel cell system.
Specifically, the application provides a marine fuel cell integrated thermal management system, which comprises a fuel cell system, a fuel cell air inlet supply system, a cooling system and a heating system; the fuel cell air inlet supply system comprises an air compressor, an intercooler and a pipeline; the exogenous air passes through an air filter to the air compressor to form compressed air, and is transmitted to the fuel cell system; the cooling system is arranged in the ship cabin and comprises a first heat exchanger and a first electromagnetic valve; the heating system comprises a hot water supply module and a cabin heating module; the hot water supply module comprises a second electromagnetic valve, a liquid-liquid heat exchanger, a hot water outlet and a cold water inlet; the cabin heating module comprises a third electromagnetic valve and a heating device; the fuel cell system is sequentially connected with the second heat exchanger, the hot water outlet and the heating device; the cold water inlet is connected with the second heat exchanger; the second electromagnetic valve is arranged between the fuel cell system and the second heat exchanger; the third electromagnetic valve is arranged between the hot water outlet and the heating device; the environment water is filtered and then is transmitted to the intercooler through a pipeline, so that the compressed air is cooled; the environmental water is transmitted to the first heat exchanger to realize the environmental cooling of the ship cabin; the high-temperature cooling liquid transmitted by the fuel cell system exchanges heat with cold water transmitted by the cold water inlet through the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the cold water is heated into daily hot water; the daily hot water is transmitted to the hot water outlet, and the hot water outlet branches realize hot water supply and are transmitted to the heating device to realize environmental heating.
Because a large amount of natural environmental water exists in the ship navigation environment, and the temperature of the environmental water is low, the environment water can be used as a cheap cooling medium and a cold source, one of the protection points of the application is to cool the intercooler by using the environmental water so as to ensure that the fresh air entering the fuel cell system stack reaches the required temperature. Environmental waters are of a variety including, but not limited to, sea water, inland water, lake water, and the like.
The application also comprises a fuel cell cooling liquid heat management system, which is mainly characterized in that the heat energy released by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell is conveyed out of the electric pile through the cooling liquid, and then the high-temperature cooling liquid is cooled through the second heat exchanger and then returned to the electric pile. Other auxiliary components in the fuel cell system, such as an air compressor, a hydrogen circulating pump, a DC/DC of the fuel cell system, a controller and the like, which need to be cooled, can also be cooled by the cooling liquid.
Preferably, a third heat exchanger is arranged between the intercooler and the ambient water outlet; in the application, the cooling medium similar to an intercooler also adopts the environment water, and the cooler environment water is utilized to realize the conversion, transmission and transportation of heat from the stack cooling liquid to the environment water through the heat exchanger.
The application further provides a ship cold air cooling system, which utilizes ambient water to directly reduce air entering a ship cabin, provides continuous, stable and economic cold air and has the function of adjusting the temperature of the ship cabin air.
The application further provides a ship cogeneration hot water supply and heating system, which utilizes the waste heat generated during the operation of the ship fuel cell system to provide hot water, combines the heat transfer effect of the radiating fins, and directly heats the air in the ship cabin through the radiating fins to realize heating.
The application also provides a control strategy of the hot water supply and heating system, which ensures that the hot water supply and the hot water supply are not interfered with each other, and in addition, the application uses the whole ship as a whole to perform heating and hot water supply regulation, uses the hot water as a heating medium and realizes the heat transfer of the hot water to the air in the cabin of the ship in a radiator or floor heating mode, which is different from other heating modes. Meanwhile, a control strategy of the cooling system is provided, and flow adjustment is performed based on the ambient air temperature by using the control strategy, so that the adjustment of the cooling temperature is realized.
Further, the fuel cell air inlet supply system also comprises an air filter and a humidifier; the air filter is arranged at the front end pipeline of the air compressor; the humidifier is disposed between the intercooler and the fuel cell system.
The air filter is mainly used for purifying external air and avoiding influencing the efficiency of the air compressor; the positions of the air filter and the humidifier are not strictly required, so long as the functions can be realized, and the positions are within the protection scope of the application.
Further, the marine fuel cell integrated thermal management system of the application also comprises a fuel cell cathode exhaust gas exhaust system, wherein the fuel cell cathode exhaust gas exhaust system comprises a first exhaust pipeline, a second exhaust pipeline, a steam-water separator and an exhaust gas outlet; the exhaust gas generated by the cathode of the fuel cell system is sequentially discharged from the exhaust gas outlet through the first exhaust pipeline, the humidifier, the second exhaust pipeline and the steam-water separator.
The fuel cell cathode exhaust gas exhaust system is mainly used for discharging cathode gas after the fuel cell reaction; the first exhaust pipeline and the second exhaust pipeline are mainly used for conveying waste gas, and the waste gas is purified by the humidifier and then is discharged by the steam-water separator.
Further, the marine fuel cell integrated thermal management system of the present application further comprises a hydrogen supply system; the hydrogen supply system comprises a fuel supply control module, a fuel storage device, a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen circulation device, a tail exhaust valve, a fuel waste gas outlet and a pipeline for connection; the fuel supply control module is electrically connected with the fuel storage device to realize information transmission; the hydrogen in the material storage device is transmitted to the fuel cell system through a hydrogen inlet; the anode exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell system is used for recycling hydrogen to the fuel cell system through the hydrogen circulation device; the exhaust gas is discharged from the tail gas outlet through the tail gas discharge valve to the fuel exhaust gas outlet.
The hydrogen supply system has the function of providing hydrogen meeting the pressure and flow requirements for the fuel cell system, and in order to improve the utilization efficiency of the hydrogen, the hydrogen supply system is provided with a hydrogen circulation device so as to convey the hydrogen discharged from the anode to the electric pile again; the exhaust gas from the anode is discharged by a tail valve.
Preferably, the hydrogen circulation device is a hydrogen circulation pump and/or an ejector.
Further, the first heat exchanger is a gas-water heat exchanger; the second heat exchanger is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger.
Further, the heating device is a radiator or a floor heater.
Further, the fuel cell system is one or more of an alkaline fuel cell, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell or a solid oxide fuel cell.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The marine fuel cell integrated heat management system provided by the application directly utilizes the environmental water in the marine navigation process to cool the fresh air entering the fuel cell system, simplifies the heat management configuration and management of the intercooler, and avoids using a cooling mode with higher cost, higher energy consumption, such as an electric radiator, a fan and the like.
(2) The comprehensive thermal management system for the marine fuel cell provided by the application takes the environmental water in the sailing process of the ship as an important cold source, utilizes the gas-liquid heat exchanger to cool the environmental air entering the ship cabin, achieves the effect of an air conditioner, realizes the cooling effect of the ship cabin, replaces the traditional air conditioner, reduces the cost of the ship, greatly reduces the energy consumption spent by the refrigeration of the traditional air conditioner, and really realizes the effect of energy conservation.
(3) The marine fuel cell comprehensive thermal management system provided by the application takes a ship as a whole, organically combines the relation between the working characteristics of the marine fuel cell system and the use requirements of the ship, on one hand, utilizes the waste heat generated during the working of the fuel cell system to heat daily cold water through a heat exchanger so as to provide hot water for bathing of marine personnel, and on the other hand, directly heats the heated hot water through a radiator. The direct effect is that the heat energy released by the fuel cell is effectively utilized, the heat efficiency of the fuel cell system is improved, a new solution is provided for heating the ship, the cost input and the energy consumption output in the aspect of air conditioning are avoided, and the energy saving effect is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a marine fuel cell integrated thermal management system of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a heating system control strategy of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a control strategy of the cooling system according to the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. an air cleaner; 11. a filtering device; 12. a water pump; 13. a control module; 14. a fuel storage device; 15. a hydrogen inlet; 16. a hydrogen gas circulation device; 17. a fuel exhaust outlet; 18. a tail valve; 2. an air compressor; 21. a third heat exchanger; 24. an ambient water outlet; 27. a first electromagnetic valve; 28. a gas-water heat exchanger; 3. An intercooler; 31. a cold water inlet; 32. a liquid-liquid heat exchanger; 33. a fourth electromagnetic valve; 34. a second electromagnetic valve; 35. a hot water outlet; 36. a third electromagnetic valve; 37. a heating device; 4. a humidifier; 41. environmental water; 5. an air inlet; 6. a fuel cell system; 7. a first exhaust line; 8. a second exhaust line; 9. a steam-water separator; 10. and an exhaust gas outlet.
Detailed Description
The drawings in the embodiments are used for describing the technical scheme in the embodiments of the application in more detail. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the application. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present application and should not be construed as limiting the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application. Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) are included in the embodiments of the present application, the directional indications are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be considered to be absent and not within the scope of protection claimed in the present application.
Examples
The embodiment provides a marine fuel cell integrated thermal management system, which comprises a fuel cell system 6, a fuel cell air inlet supply system, a cooling system and a heating system;
the fuel cell air intake supply system consists of an air filter 1, an air compressor 2, an intercooler 3, a humidifier 4, an air inlet 5 and corresponding pipelines, and is used for providing fresh air meeting the requirements of the fuel cell. Unlike the conventional one in which the cooling medium of the intercooler 3 of the present application is supplied from the ambient water 41 during the operation of the ship, the water pump 12 delivers the ambient water 41 to the intercooler 3 after being filtered by the filtering device 11 so as to cool the high-temperature intake air after the air compressor 2 is pressurized to a prescribed temperature. The ambient water 41 may be sea water, inland water, lake water, etc. in operation of the ship. Because the temperature of the ambient water 41 is relatively low, typically lower than the temperature of the ambient atmosphere, using the ambient water 41 as a cooling medium is an inexpensive and viable solution that can be closely coupled with the driving characteristics of the vessel.
The cooling system is arranged in the ship cabin and comprises a gas-water heat exchanger 28 and a first electromagnetic valve 27; the heating system comprises a hot water supply module and a cabin heating module; the hot water supply module includes a second solenoid valve 34, a liquid-liquid heat exchanger 32, a hot water outlet 35, and a cold water inlet 31; the cabin heating module comprises a third electromagnetic valve 36 and a heating device 37, wherein the heating device is a radiator in the embodiment; the fuel cell system 6 is connected with the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 32, the hot water outlet 35 and the radiator in sequence; the cold water inlet 31 is connected with a liquid-liquid heat exchanger 32; the second electromagnetic valve 34 is arranged between the fuel cell system 6 and the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 32; the third electromagnetic valve 36 is arranged between the hot water outlet 35 and the warm air sheet; the ambient water 41 is transmitted to the intercooler 3 through a pipeline, so that the compressed air is cooled; the ambient water 41 is transmitted to the gas-water heat exchanger 28, so that the ambient temperature of the ship cabin is reduced; the high-temperature cooling liquid transmitted by the fuel cell system 6 exchanges heat with the cold water transmitted by the cold water inlet 31 through the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 32, and the cold water is heated into daily hot water; the daily hot water is transmitted to the hot water outlet 35, and the hot water outlet 35 branches to realize hot water supply and is transmitted to the radiator to realize environmental heating.
Because the ship sails in the environment water 41 area, the environment water 41 area has a large amount of natural cold water, the water temperature in most areas on the earth is probably lower than 21 ℃, the specific heat capacity of water is far higher than that of air, the temperature of the environment water 41 in the ship sailing is also lower than that of the environment air, continuous cold sources can be provided, and the environment air entering the ship exchanges heat with the natural cold water through the air-water heat exchanger 28, so that the air inlet temperature is reduced, the air inlet temperature is changed into cold air, and the cooling of each cabin in the ship is conveniently realized, so that the effect of adjusting the air inlet temperature of the cabin is achieved. In order to realize the cooling function, a first electromagnetic valve 27 is arranged at the cooling water inlet of the air-water heat exchanger 28 so as to flexibly control and adjust the temperature of the cooling air outlet, natural cold water from the environment water 41 area can be transported by using one water pump 12 in the whole in the mode shown in fig. 1 and then is split by a water inlet pipeline of a ship, and independent water pumps 12 and water pipes can also be arranged so as to realize independent water supply and management; the water after the gas-water exchange is completed is converged to the ambient water outlet 24.
The marine fuel cell system 6 generates a great amount of waste heat/waste heat, which is generally taken away by the cooling liquid flowing through the galvanic pile, and then dissipated in a heat exchange manner by the heat exchanger and the air or other mediums in the environment, in this embodiment, the high-temperature cooling liquid flowing out of the galvanic pile heats the daily cold water to the daily hot water through the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 32, and a part of the daily hot water is stored in the bathing hot water for bathing of the marine personnel or other purposes, so that the marine vessel has the function of supplying the hot water; the other part of hot water flows into the radiator in the cabin of the ship through the pipeline, and the radiator is utilized to realize heat exchange between the hot water and the air in the room, so as to heat the air in the room and achieve the heating effect. Since heating is only a partial season or period of demand, a third solenoid valve 36 is provided in front of the radiator to regulate and control the heating demand. In addition, a second solenoid valve 34 is additionally provided for the overall regulation of the hot water supply and heating system.
The application also comprises a fuel cell cooling liquid heat management system, which mainly conveys the heat energy released by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell to the outside of the electric pile through the cooling liquid, and then returns the high-temperature cooling liquid to the electric pile after being cooled through the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 32. Other auxiliary components in the fuel cell system 6 that need cooling, such as the air compressor 2, the hydrogen circulation pump, the DC/DC of the fuel cell system 6, the controller, etc., may also be cooled by the cooling liquid.
Preferably, the application is also provided with a third heat exchanger 21 between the intercooler 3 and the ambient water outlet 24; in the present application, similar to the cooling medium of the intercooler 3, the cooling medium in the third heat exchanger 21 also uses the ambient water 41, and the cooler ambient water 41 is used to convert, transfer and transport heat from the stack cooling liquid to the ambient water 41 through the heat exchanger.
Further, the marine fuel cell integrated thermal management system of the application further comprises a fuel cell cathode exhaust gas exhaust system, wherein the fuel cell cathode exhaust gas exhaust system comprises a first exhaust pipeline 7, a second exhaust pipeline 8, a steam-water separator 9 and an exhaust gas outlet 10; the exhaust gas generated by the cathode of the fuel cell system 6 is discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 10 through the first exhaust pipeline 7, the humidifier 4, the second exhaust pipeline 8 and the steam-water separator 9 in sequence. The main purpose of the fuel cell cathode exhaust gas exhaust system is to timely exhaust the exhaust gas after the cathode reaction, ensure that the cathode reaction interface has good oxygen content, and simultaneously realize humidification of fresh intake air by using a humidifier 4.
Further, the marine fuel cell integrated thermal management system of the present application further comprises a hydrogen supply system; the hydrogen supply system comprises a fuel supply control module 13, a fuel storage device 14, a hydrogen inlet 15, a hydrogen circulation device 16, a tail gas discharge valve 18, a fuel waste gas outlet 17 and a pipeline for connection; the fuel supply control module 13 and the fuel storage device 14 are electrically connected to realize information transmission; the hydrogen in the material storage device is transmitted to the fuel cell system 6 through the hydrogen inlet 15; the anode exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell system 6 is used for recycling hydrogen to the fuel cell system 6 through the hydrogen circulation device 16; the exhaust gas is discharged through the tail gate valve 18 to the fuel exhaust gas outlet 17.
The hydrogen circulation device 16 in this embodiment is a hydrogen circulation pump.
In another embodiment of the application the hydrogen recycling apparatus 16 is an eductor.
In another embodiment of the present application, the hydrogen circulation device 16 is a combination of a hydrogen circulation pump and an eductor.
Further, the fuel cell system 6 is one or more of an alkaline fuel cell, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell, or a solid oxide fuel cell.
The heating system control strategy of the present application. As shown in fig. 2, it is determined whether the daily water needs to be heated according to the requirement, and once the requirement is met, the second electromagnetic valve 34 is started to be adjusted, so as to adjust the flow rate of the high-temperature cooling liquid flowing out of the fuel cell system 6 into the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 32, and the opening degree of the fourth electromagnetic valve 33 is further adjusted, so as to comprehensively control the flow rate of the high-temperature cooling liquid entering the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 32, so as to influence the temperature of the daily hot water; if there is a heating demand, the opening of the third solenoid valve 36 is continuously adjusted to adjust the flow of domestic hot water into the radiator, thereby adjusting the heating temperature in the cabin of the vessel. As shown in fig. 2, once it is determined in the control flow that heating is not required, the second solenoid valve 34 is directly closed; alternatively, the third solenoid valve 36 is normally closed when heating is not required.
The application relates to a control strategy of a cooling system. As shown in fig. 3, firstly, judging whether the ambient temperature is greater than T0, wherein the initial value of T0 is 28 ℃, then judging whether cooling is needed, selecting based on the ambient temperature when cooling is needed, setting the opening of the corresponding first electromagnetic valve 27 corresponding to different temperature intervals, setting 4 different temperature intervals for this purpose, namely [28,31 ℃), [31,34 ℃), [34,38 ℃) and more than 38 ℃ as shown in fig. 3; further, after selecting the corresponding temperature interval and opening, the first solenoid valve 27 will be opened to draw in fresh ambient air. In addition, when the condition in fig. 3 is judged no, the first electromagnetic valve 27 is directly closed, and the adjustment or control is ended.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application and not for limiting the same, and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make other changes and modifications within the spirit of the application, which are intended to be within the scope of the application, without departing from the technical spirit of the application. Such variations, which are in accordance with the spirit of the application, are intended to be included within the scope of the application as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. The marine fuel cell integrated heat management system is characterized by comprising a fuel cell system (6), a fuel cell air inlet supply system, a cooling system and a heating system;
the fuel cell air inlet supply system comprises an air compressor (2), an intercooler (3) and a pipeline; the external air is formed into compressed air through the air compressor (2) and is transmitted to the fuel cell system (6);
the cooling system is arranged in the ship cabin and comprises a first heat exchanger and a first electromagnetic valve (27);
the heating system comprises a hot water supply module and a cabin heating module;
the hot water supply module comprises a second electromagnetic valve (34), a second heat exchanger, a hot water outlet (35) and a cold water inlet (31);
the cabin heating module comprises a third solenoid valve (36) and a heating device (37);
the fuel cell system (6) is sequentially connected with a second heat exchanger, a hot water outlet (35) and a heating device (37); the cold water inlet (31) is connected with the second heat exchanger;
the second electromagnetic valve (34) is arranged between the fuel cell system (6) and the second heat exchanger; the third electromagnetic valve (36) is arranged between the hot water outlet (35) and the heating device (37);
the ambient water (41) is transmitted to the intercooler (3) through a pipeline, so that the compressed air is cooled;
the environmental water (41) is transmitted to the first heat exchanger to realize the environmental cooling of the ship cabin;
the high-temperature cooling liquid transmitted by the fuel cell system (6) exchanges heat with cold water transmitted by the cold water inlet (31) through the second heat exchanger, and the cold water is heated into daily hot water; the domestic hot water is transmitted to a hot water outlet (35), and the hot water outlet (35) is branched to realize hot water supply and is transmitted to a heating device (37) to realize environmental heating.
2. The marine fuel cell integrated thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the fuel cell intake air supply system further comprises an air cleaner (1), a humidifier (4); the air filter (1) is arranged at the front end pipeline of the air compressor (2); the humidifier (4) is arranged between the intercooler (3) and the fuel cell system (6).
3. The marine fuel cell integrated thermal management system of claim 2, further comprising a fuel cell cathode exhaust gas exhaust system comprising a first exhaust gas conduit (7), a second exhaust gas conduit (8), a steam-water separator (9), and an exhaust gas outlet (10); the exhaust gas generated by the cathode of the fuel cell system (6) is discharged from the first exhaust pipeline (7), the humidifier (4), the second exhaust pipeline (8) and the steam-water separator (9) to the exhaust gas outlet (10) in sequence.
4. The integrated thermal management system for a marine fuel cell of claim 1, further comprising a hydrogen supply system; the hydrogen supply system comprises a fuel supply control module (13), a fuel storage device (14), a hydrogen inlet (15), a hydrogen circulation device (16), a tail exhaust valve (18), a fuel waste gas outlet (17) and a pipeline for connection;
the fuel supply control module (13) and the fuel storage device (14) are electrically connected to realize information transmission;
the hydrogen in the material storage device is transmitted to the fuel cell system (6) through a hydrogen inlet (15);
the anode exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell system (6) is used for recycling hydrogen to the fuel cell system (6) through the hydrogen circulation device (16); the exhaust gas is discharged through a tail discharge valve (18) to a fuel exhaust gas outlet (17).
5. The marine fuel cell integrated thermal management system of claim 4 wherein the hydrogen circulation device (16) is a hydrogen circulation pump and/or eductor.
6. The marine fuel cell integrated thermal management system of claim 1 wherein the first heat exchanger is a gas-water heat exchanger (28); the second heat exchanger is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger (32).
7. The marine fuel cell integrated thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the heating device (37) is a radiator or a floor heating.
8. The marine fuel cell integrated thermal management system of claim 1 wherein the fuel cell system (6) is one or more of an alkaline fuel cell, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a phosphoric acid fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell, or a solid oxide fuel cell.
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