CN117136950B

CN117136950B - Chuxiong flat leaf bee attractant

Info

Publication number: CN117136950B
Application number: CN202311427112.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐进; 孙和伟; 张焱
Original assignee: Southwest Forestry University
Current assignee: Southwest Forestry University
Priority date: 2023-10-31
Filing date: 2023-10-31
Publication date: 2024-01-02
Anticipated expiration: 2043-10-31
Also published as: CN117136950A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of pest control, and particularly discloses a Chuxiong flat leaf bee attractant which is particularly applied to the control of the Chuxiong flat leaf bee, wherein the attractant consists of alpha-caryophyllene, xylorene, piccolone and beta-junene, and the mass ratio of the alpha-caryophyllene, the xylorene, the piccolone and the beta-junene is 0.5-1: 1-2: 0.5 to 1: the attractant formed by combining the plant volatile substances has the advantages of high activity, strong specificity, simple and convenient use, no environmental pollution, no damage to natural enemies and the like, and has very obvious advantages and benefits as a means for preventing and treating the Chili flat bees.

Description

Chuxiong flat leaf bee attractant

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pest control, and particularly relates to a Chuxiong flat leaf bee attractant.

Background

The Chuxiong flat leaf bees (Cephalcia chuxiongica) belonging to the genus Hymenoptera of the order Hymenoptera, the genus Pamphiliidae, are serious leaf feeding pests newly discovered in the cloud, south China, research shows that the Yunnan pine and the Huashan pine are most vulnerable to the hazards of the Chuxiong flat leaf bees, the hazards of other needle leaf tree species such as cedar, china fir, and the like are lighter, the Chuxiong flat leaf bees seriously affect the development of forestry industry in southwest regions, the insect chemical information substance has the advantages of high activity, strong specificity, simple and convenient use, no environmental pollution, no natural enemies injury and the like, has obvious advantages and benefits as a pest control measure, and has great significance in effectively monitoring and controlling the insect chemical information substance by using the novel non-toxic environment-friendly method.

The plant volatile matter refers to short-chain hydrocarbon compounds and derivatives thereof generated in the metabolic process of plants, and has the characteristics of small content, various components, easy change and the like. Volatile matters are divided into two main types in a plant body, one type is the components of common plants, the other type is the components with high specificity, the plant volatile matters play an important role in the aspects of positioning host plants of insects, searching suitable spawning sites, feeding behaviors, searching hosts by natural enemies as indirect defense means of the plants and the like, and researches show that the needle crude extract of the host pine tree has obvious attraction effect on the male bees of the flat bees of the Chile and the female bees of the egg, but the composition of the plant volatile matters is different from different types and strains, the parts are different due to different development stages and the circadian rhythm of the same plant, the components of the volatile matters are also greatly changed, and insect pests and mechanical damage can induce the plants to emit more volatile matters, so that the needle crude extract of the pine tree is unstable and cannot be widely popularized and used.

Sexual reproduction is generally carried out on the Chuxiong flat leaf bees, parthenogenesis can be carried out on the Chuxiong flat leaf bees when the male worms are lacked, namely eggs laid without mating can develop into larvae, the eggs laid by female individuals can develop into complete new individuals without male fertilization to form parthenogenesis (parthenogenesis), the parthenogenesis has a high occurrence rate in the class of insects, particularly hymenoptera, and the parthenogenesis capability of the insects is an important and often neglected factor causing agricultural and forestry disasters. Parthenogenesis has the characteristics of high efficiency, high propagation speed and the like, and because of the parthenogenesis mode of the flat leaf bees, based on the parthenogenesis mode, the research on the attractants which are more attractive for females of the flat leaf bees of the male gills is necessary to trap and kill pests and explore a new control method.

Insects have a large difference in preference to different host plants. For example, the preferred host of the Holotrichia nobilis (Holotrichia oblita) is pear tree (Pyrus), the preferred host of Holotrichia nobilis is elm (Ulmusppumila), hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida) and pear tree, and researches show that the female bee of the Chuxiong flat leaf bees prefers to select Yunnan pine and Huashansong as spawning hosts, so that spawning on the Yunnan oil fir (Keteleeria evelyniana) is avoided, and the harm to the Yunnan pine is more serious. This selection preference is largely dependent on plant volatiles. In a complex environment, plant volatile matters play an important role in searching food, spawning sites, mating and other series of life activities by pests, the insects distinguish the hosts according to special odor substances emitted by the hosts, proper spawning sites are selected to ensure that enough foodstuff can be provided for the next generation, wu Suran and the like, the GC-MS method is used for comparing chemical components of the healthy pine needles and the volatile matters of the weak pine needles of the Yunnan pine, the result shows that the volatile matters and the content of the healthy pine needles are greatly changed in the process of changing the healthy pine needles from the weak pine needles to the weak pine needles, 15 different compound components are common in the volatile matters of the needle needles in the two states, 18 identical compound components have great difference in the content, chen Min and the like are used for analyzing the components and the content changes of the volatile matters at different parts of the healthy pine needles and the weak pine needles of the Yunnan pine needles by using the GC-MS method, and the result shows that the volatile matters in the middle part of the healthy pine needles have a strong attracting effect on female bees, but have obvious differences in the types and the volatile matters at different parts of the healthy pine needles and the volatile matters, and the volatile matters of the weak pine needles have special odor and no further research on the special odor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide an attractant for the Chuxiong flat bees, which solves the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the application of the attractant for the flat bees of the Chu-andra-gill in the field of preventing and treating the flat bees of the Chu-andra-gill comprises the following components of alpha-caryophyllene, xylorene, picerene and beta-junene, wherein the mass ratio of the alpha-caryophyllene to the xylorene to the picerene to the beta-junene is 0.5-1: 1-2: 0.5 to 1:1.

further, when in use, the Chuxiong flat leaf bee attractant is dissolved in a solvent, and each milliliter of the solvent contains 0.5 to 1mg of alpha-caryophyllene, 1 to 2mg of xylorene, 0.5 to 1mg of piceatannene and 1mg of beta-juniperene.

Preferably, each milliliter of solvent contains 0.5mg of alpha-caryophyllene, 1mg of xylorene, 1mg of picherene and 1mg of beta-junene.

Preferably, each milliliter of solvent contains 1mg of alpha-caryophyllene, 2mg of xylorene, 0.5mg of picherene and 1mg of beta-juniperazine.

Preferably, the solvent is absolute ethanol.

The invention also provides a lure core applied to the field of preventing and controlling the flat bees with the Chuxiong cheeks, and the lure core contains the attractant for the flat bees with the Chuxiong cheeks. The lure, as part of the trap structure, is typically comprised of a lure carrier, which may be of any of the carrier types disclosed in the prior art, such as rubber heads, rubber stoppers, sponges, capillaries, and the like, and an attractant.

The invention also provides an application of the trap in the field of preventing and controlling the Chuxiong flat bees, and the component parts of the trap comprise a lure core prepared from the attractant. The trap can be of various types such as a viscose type, such as a triangular insect trap plate, an insect pheromone small/large boat type trap, or a trapping type, such as a general barrel type trap, a longhorned beetle trap, etc.

The invention achieves the technical effects that:

the attractant formed by combining the plant volatile substances has the advantages of high activity, strong specificity, simple and convenient use, no environmental pollution, no damage to natural enemies and the like, and has very obvious advantages and benefits as a control measure of the male flat bees.

The attractant is developed particularly for female flat leaf bees with the male cheeks, has strong attracting activity for unmatched female flat leaf bees with the male cheeks and mated female flat leaf bees, further inhibits the occurrence of mass reproduction of pests caused by the parthenogenesis mode of the flat leaf bees with the male cheeks, and has great significance for effective monitoring and prevention of the flat leaf bees with the male cheeks.

Drawings

Figure 1 statistical graphs of the effect of different compounds on the behaviour of non-mated females (P < 0.05; P < 0.01);

FIG. 2 statistical effects of different compound combination attractants on unmatched females behavior (different marked letters represent significant differences, P < 0.01);

FIG. 3 statistical graphs of the effect of different compound combination attractants on the behaviour of mated females (different marked letters represent significant differences, P < 0.01);

figure 4 statistical graph of mean trapping between forests (; P < 0.05; P < 0.01);

FIG. 5 is a graph of the effect of woodland trapping (A is control and B is treatment).

Detailed Description

The experiments and methods described in the examples were performed substantially in accordance with conventional methods well known in the art and described in various references unless specifically indicated. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.

Example 1

An attractant for preventing and treating the Chuxiong flat bees is prepared from alpha-caryophyllene, xylorene, piccolone and beta-junene, and the mass ratio of alpha-caryophyllene to xylorene to piccolone to beta-junene is 0.5:1:1:1.

example 2

An attractant for preventing and treating Chuxiong flat bees comprises alpha-caryophyllene, xylorene, piccolone and beta-junene, wherein the mass ratio of the alpha-caryophyllene to the xylorene to the piccolone to the beta-junene is 1:2:0.5:1.

example 3

An attractant for preventing and treating the Chuxiong flat leaf bees contains absolute alcohol (0.5 mg/ml), xylorene (1 mg/ml), piperylene (1 mg/ml) and beta-junene (1 mg/ml).

Example 4

An attractant for preventing and treating the Chuxiong flat leaf bees contains absolute alcohol (1 mg/ml), alpha-caryophyllene (2 mg/ml), xylorene (0.5 mg/ml), and beta-junene (1 mg/ml).

To further illustrate the feasibility of the attractant effect in the embodiments provided by the invention, reference is made to the following specific experiments.

1. Test materials

1.1 Compounds

Based on the existing research, the components and content changes of different volatile substances of the healthy pine needles and the weak pine needles of Yunnan pine are comprehensively considered, 8 compounds shown in table 1 are selected aiming at the obvious differences of the volatile substances and the volatile amounts in the healthy pine needles and the weak pine needles, and the attracting activity of the compounds on female Chuxiong flat bees is tested.

TABLE 1 Standard Compound purity and Source

1.2 test insects

The tested insects are collected from Yunnan pine forest land in Kunming, yunnan province, and the Chuxiong flat leaf bee pupae which is about to emerge after overwintering or the adults which are already emerging and not yet come out of soil are collected and brought back into the room. Placing pupae into transparent plastic round box, covering moist raw soil, and allowing the pupae to emerge. The collected imago is used for distinguishing female and male bees, the collected imago is placed into a bee cage with the bottom being moisturized by filter paper and filled with fresh Yunnan pine needles, fresh pine needles are added periodically to ensure sufficient food sources, the beecage is kept for standby, the temperature of the beecage is 20-28 ℃, the humidity (60+/-10)%, and two days before the test, part of female bees and male bees are mated to obtain mated female bees and unmatched female bees, the food is taken out, and the test is carried out after 3 hours of interval.

2. Test method

2.1 Indoor selection test

Indoor trend test reference: feng Dan, wang Yixuan, guan Guowei, et al, proteus yunnanensis volatile compounds induced by companion bacteria on the olfactory behavior of the bark beetle of Yunnan, J. Western forestry science, 2021,50 (03): 151-156. Using a multi-arm olfactometer, different compounds were diluted with absolute ethyl alcohol to a concentration of 1mg/mL for use, 200uL of the compound was added to 2cm 4 cm sterilized filter paper, respectively, and the filter paper was placed in each odor bottle of the multi-arm olfactometer, the air intake flow was controlled at 250mL/min, the indoor temperature was controlled at about 25 ℃, and black cloths were used to shade during the test. And (5) adopting the 300 heads of the starved female bees for standby. After each time, 30 females are put into an insect-receiving room of the multi-arm olfactometer, timing is carried out, and after 10 minutes, the number of females in each odor bottle is recorded. The position of each odor bottle was changed clockwise after each test and the filter paper was changed 10 times. After the test is finished, the whole device is washed by 95% ethanol for standby.

Selectivity (%) = number of bees in Σ scent bottles/total number of bees tested x 100

Correction selectivity (%) = (treatment group selectivity control group selectivity)/control group selectivity x 100

2.2 woodland attraction test

The experimental land is located in a region where the Chuxiong flat leaf bees are heavy in Yi nationality county (25 degrees 18'N,103 degrees 12' E) in Kunming, the Yunnan pine pure forest, the forest group is mature forest, the average tree age is over 20 years, the canopy density is 0.6, the soil is mainly red soil, the soil layer thickness is about 40cm, the average elevation is 1970m, the climate belongs to a typical North subtropical monsoon climate, and the annual average air temperature is 14.9 ℃.

The trap for woodland test was a yellow armyworm plate (23 x 10 cm) purchased in the market. And spraying 1ml of attractant on each armyworm plate to obtain the trapping device. The trapping devices are hung on side branches with the height of about 2.5-3.0 m of Yunnan pine, the space between the trapping devices is minimum 30m, 10 repetitions are set, the trapping devices without the trapping cores are used as a comparison, and the trapping condition is checked after 8 days.

3. Results and analysis

3.1 Indoor selection behavior

The indoor selection behavior test results are shown in figures 1-3, and according to figure 1, the unmatched female flat leaf bees have the strongest attraction activity to alpha-caryophyllene, xylorene, picelline and beta-june in 8 compounds, and show obvious trend reaction, and the selectivity of the unmatched female flat leaf bees with the male flat leaf bees is as follows: 18%, 16%, 15%, 22%, terpinolene, beta-elemene, dioctyl terephthalate and juniper berry have relatively poor attractant activity for unmatched female Chuxiong flat bees, particularly the least attractant activity for beta-elemene.

According to the attracting activity reaction of the unmatched females to 8 compounds, orthogonal experimental combinations shown in table 2 are designed, the attracting activities of different combinations to the unmatched females and the already-mated females are further tested, as can be seen from fig. 2, the attracting activities of the T2 and T6 combinations to the unmatched female Chuxiong flat leaf bees are strongest, and the selectivity is respectively: 25%, 28%, and the combination of T3 and T5 shows very remarkable tendencies, and the selectivity is respectively: 10%, 11.5%, and finally the T1, T4, T7, T8, T9 combinations had the worst attracting activity on the unmatched female Chuxiong flat bees.

As can be seen from fig. 3, the different combinations exhibited different activities for the unmatched female gill flat bee and the already mated female gill flat bee, the T2 combination exhibited the strongest attracting activity for the already mated female gill flat bee, the most obvious trend, the selectivity was 21%, the T6 combination also exhibited a relatively stronger attracting activity, but the attracting activity was relatively reduced compared to the unmatched female gill flat bee, the selectivity was 15%, the T3, T5, T7, T8, and T9 combinations exhibited a certain attracting activity relatively, and the attracting activity was the worst for the already mated female gill flat bee with the T1, T4 combination.

TABLE 2 different attractant combination design tables

3.2 woodland attractant analysis

As can be seen from the statistical data in fig. 2 and 3, the attractant activity of the mated females and the unmatched females is different under different concentration collocations, the collocation combination of T2 is selected based on the optimal data selection, absolute ethyl alcohol is used as a solvent, and the attractant with the content of 0.5mg/mL of alpha-caryophyllene, 1mg/m L of xylogen, 1mg/m L of cubene and 1mg/m L of beta-juniper is prepared, and further the woodland test is performed.

As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, the trap added with the attractant shows extremely remarkable attracting activity to females compared with the control, wherein the attracting activity to unmatched female gill flat bees is strongest, and then the mated female gill flat bees are subjected to woodland tests, meanwhile, the trap also shows a certain attracting activity to male gill flat bees, but the attracting activity is not remarkable to females.

Many factors influencing the choice of host plants by insects, such as phytochemicals, plant morphological characteristics, various environmental factors such as light, temperature, humidity, etc. and other organisms, etc., but the chemical composition of the plant, i.e. the plant volatile substance, plays the most important role in the host selection of phytophagous insects, which determine their own flying behaviour by means of the chemical signal released by the host plant, so that the host plant is found accurately, almost all kinds of insects find suitable hosts for themselves by means of the chemical substance emitted by the host, and if no plant odour is present, the probability that most phytophagous insects find the host plant is very low, which will directly influence the survival and reproduction of these kinds of insects.

Based on the analysis and comparison of the prior research on the components of the healthy pine needles and the weak pine needles of Yunnan pine, 8 volatile components are selected in the research, the trend behavioral response of unmatched and mated female Chuxiong flat leaf bees to the volatile components is explored, and the result shows that female Chuxiong flat leaf bees have different degrees of response to 8 compounds, and the female Chuxiong flat leaf bees have stronger attracting activity to four compounds of alpha-caryophyllene, xylorene, picelline and beta-junene, so that in the production practice, the ideal insect attracting effect cannot be achieved by single plant volatile, and the attracting effect on insects can be enhanced by mixing different volatile matters according to a certain proportion. The research further designs the compound proportions of different combinations, and results show that the alpha-caryophyllene 0.5mg/ml, the xylorene 1mg/ml, the picene 1mg/ml and the beta-junene 1mg/ml have the best attracting effect under the combination proportion, have better attracting effects on unmatched and already-mated female Chuxiong flat leaf bees, and have certain attracting activity on male Chuxiong flat leaf bees under the combination, and have the attracting activity on male Chuxiong flat leaf bees, possibly based on the effect of the attractant per se, and also possibly need further research on the influence of sex pheromones emitted by unmatched or already-mated female Chuxiong flat leaf bees.

The present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of the attractant for the flat bees of the Chu-andra gill in the field of preventing and treating the flat bees of the Chu-andra gill is characterized in that the attractant is composed of alpha-caryophyllene, xylorene, piccolone and beta-juniper, and the mass ratio of the alpha-caryophyllene to the xylorene to the piccolone to the beta-juniper is 0.5-1: 1-2: 0.5 to 1:1.

2. the use according to claim 1, characterized in that said chu-gill plagiocephalus attractant is dissolved in a solvent containing 0.5-1 mg of α -caryophyllene, 1-2 mg of xylorene, 0.5-1 mg of picherene, 1mg of β -junene per ml of solvent.

3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains 0.5mg of α -caryophyllene, 1mg of xylorene, 1mg of picherene, 1mg of β -junene per ml of solvent.

4. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains 1mg of α -caryophyllene, 2mg of xylorene, 0.5mg of picherene, 1mg of β -junene per ml of solvent.

5. The use according to claim 2, wherein the solvent is absolute ethanol.

6. Use of a lure or trap prepared from an attractant for use in any one of claims 1 to 5 in the field of control of chuxiong flat bees.