CN117085458A - Combined purifying tower for flue gas cooling and adsorption - Google Patents
Combined purifying tower for flue gas cooling and adsorption Download PDFInfo
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- CN117085458A CN117085458A CN202311364697.6A CN202311364697A CN117085458A CN 117085458 A CN117085458 A CN 117085458A CN 202311364697 A CN202311364697 A CN 202311364697A CN 117085458 A CN117085458 A CN 117085458A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 194
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 16
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 16
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
- B01D53/0438—Cooling or heating systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
- B01D53/0446—Means for feeding or distributing gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0454—Controlling adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas adsorption and purification and discloses a flue gas cooling adsorption combined purification tower, which comprises a purification tower body with a flue gas inlet, a flue gas outlet, a cooling cavity, an adsorption cavity and a smoke exhaust cavity, wherein the cooling cavity is communicated with the flue gas inlet, a cooling device is arranged in the cooling cavity and is used for cooling flue gas to be purified, which is supplied into the cooling cavity from the flue gas inlet, into low-temperature flue gas with subzero temperature, an adsorbent is arranged in the adsorption cavity and is used for purifying the cooled low-temperature flue gas, which enters the adsorption cavity from the cooling cavity, into clean flue gas, and the smoke exhaust cavity is communicated with the flue gas outlet so as to exhaust the clean flue gas, which enters the smoke exhaust cavity from the adsorption cavity, through the smoke outlet. The invention integrates the flue gas cooling and adsorption processes into one tower, reduces the occupied area, reduces the construction cost, reduces the conveying distance of cooled flue gas, improves the flue gas removal efficiency, avoids the problem of flue gas cold loss in the pipeline conveying process, and improves the removal effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas adsorption and purification, in particular to a flue gas cooling and adsorption combined purification tower.
Background
The generation of a large amount of pollutants from coal-fired flue gas and incineration flue gas is one of the important factors that endanger the atmospheric environment and human health. The pollutant removing technology widely adopted on large-scale coal-fired and incineration boilers comprises cloth bag dust removal, electrostatic dust removal, limestone gypsum wet desulfurization, selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) denitration and the like, and the technology of calcium spraying desulfurization and non-selective catalytic reduction (SNCR) denitration in the upper furnace of the medium-small fluidized bed boiler is widely applied. The process route adopted by the pollutant removal technology is a mode of singly removing pollutants one by one and connecting the systems in series. The process flow is complex and the operation cost is high.
The related art also proposes that the flue gas is adsorbed by using an adsorbent, the conventional adsorption purification is usually high-temperature adsorption, the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the boiler is usually cooled to about 200 ℃, and then the high-temperature adsorption is performed in an adsorption tower. High-temperature adsorption has the problem of poor adsorption effect, so that the pollutant content in the discharged flue gas is high, and the discharged flue gas cannot be directly discharged.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made based on the findings and knowledge of the inventors regarding the following facts and problems:
in the related art, a low-temperature flue gas pollutant integrated removal technology is proposed, flue gas is introduced into a spray cooling tower for cooling, and then the cooled flue gas is conveyed to an adsorption tower for adsorption. Although the pollutant removal technology can realize the integrated removal of various pollutants in the flue gas, the whole system has the advantages of more required tower equipment, complex system, large occupied area, high cost and lower removal efficiency and effect.
The integrated removal technology of low-temperature flue gas pollutants in the related art at least needs a spray cooling tower and an adsorption tower, so that the occupied area and the cost are large. The flue gas is required to be conveyed to the adsorption tower through the pipeline after being cooled in the spray cooling tower, so that the cost is increased, the connection and arrangement of the pipeline occupy a large space, the conveying process of the pipeline consumes time, and the removal efficiency of the whole system is reduced. And the temperature of flue gas in the pipeline transportation process can be influenced by the ambient temperature, so that the cold energy loss is caused, the removal effect is reduced, and an insulating layer is required to be arranged on the spray cooling tower and the pipeline connected with the adsorption tower, so that the cost is further increased.
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. Therefore, the invention provides the flue gas cooling adsorption combined purification tower, which realizes cooling and low-temperature adsorption of flue gas in a single tower, reduces the number of equipment, improves the integration level, saves the occupied area and reduces the cost.
The invention discloses a flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purification tower, which comprises a purification tower body, wherein the purification tower body is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, a cooling cavity, an adsorption cavity and a smoke discharging cavity are arranged in the purification tower body, the cooling cavity is communicated with the flue gas inlet, a cooling device is arranged in the cooling cavity and is used for cooling flue gas to be purified, which is supplied into the cooling cavity from the flue gas inlet, into low-temperature flue gas with subzero temperature, an adsorbent is arranged in the adsorption cavity and is used for purifying the cooled low-temperature flue gas entering the adsorption cavity from the cooling cavity into clean flue gas, and the smoke discharging cavity is communicated with the flue gas outlet so as to discharge the clean flue gas entering the smoke discharging cavity from the adsorption cavity through the smoke outlet.
Compared with the related art, the combined purification tower for cooling and adsorbing the flue gas has the advantages that an independent spray cooling tower is omitted, the number of towers and connecting pipelines between the towers are reduced, the integration level of the purification tower body is improved, the occupied area and the space of equipment are reduced, for example, the occupied area of 20-30% can be saved, and in addition, a heat insulation material is not required to be arranged on the cooling tower and the pipeline between the cooling tower and the adsorption tower, so that the construction cost is reduced.
In the related art, the flue gas cooled by the spray tower is conveyed to the adsorption tower through a pipeline, and the problems of long conveying distance and cold energy loss exist. The flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purification tower provided by the invention has the advantages that the cooled flue gas in the cooling cavity in the purification tower body directly enters the adsorption cavity, so that the conveying distance of the height of a spraying tower is at least reduced, the time is saved, the flue gas removal efficiency is improved, the problem of flue gas cold loss in the pipeline conveying process is avoided, and the purification effect of flue gas is improved.
In addition, in the related art, the separate spray tower is connected with the separate adsorption tower, and workpieces such as a pipeline, an elbow and the like are needed. The flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purifying tower omits pipelines, valves and elbows, further saves space and reduces cost.
Optionally, in a radial direction of the purifying tower body, the fume exhaust cavity surrounds the adsorption cavity, and the adsorption cavity surrounds the cooling cavity.
In the related art, the spray tower is directly exposed to the external environment, so that the problem of cold energy loss exists, and the flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purification tower is characterized in that the adsorption cavity is arranged around the cooling cavity, so that at least 5% -20% of cold energy loss of the cooling cavity is avoided, for example, at least 5% -20% of cold energy loss is reduced, namely, the cold energy is scattered from the cooling cavity and enters the adsorption cavity, low-temperature adsorption in the adsorption cavity is facilitated, and the adsorption effect is improved.
Optionally, the purifying tower body is further internally provided with a transition cavity, the transition cavity is located between the cooling cavity and the adsorption cavity, so that cold low-temperature flue gas enters the transition cavity from the cooling cavity and then enters the adsorption cavity from the transition cavity through an inlet of the transition cavity, and an inlet of the transition cavity is far away from the flue inlet in the axial direction of the purifying tower body.
Optionally, the cooling device comprises a spray cooling component, the spray cooling component is used for spraying cooling liquid so as to directly cool the flue gas to be purified in the cooling cavity, and the height of the spray cooling component is higher than that of the flue gas inlet.
Optionally, a filler located between the smoke inlet and the spray cooling component is arranged in the cooling cavity.
Optionally, the cooling device comprises a condenser to indirectly cool the flue gas to be cleaned in the cooling cavity.
Optionally, the purifying tower body is a vertical container, the purifying tower body is internally provided with an inner shell and an outer shell which are distributed at intervals in the direction from inside to outside, the inner shell is provided with an inner cavity forming the cooling cavity, the adsorption cavity is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell, and the smoke exhaust cavity is formed between the outer shell and the inner wall of the purifying tower body.
Optionally, a packing cylinder is arranged in the inner cavity of the inner shell, packing is arranged in the packing cylinder, the cooling device comprises a spraying cooling component for spraying cooling liquid from above the packing, the inner cavity of the packing cylinder forms the cooling cavity, and a transition cavity is formed between the outer wall of the packing cylinder and the wall of the inner cavity of the inner shell, so that low-temperature flue gas enters the adsorption cavity through the transition cavity.
Optionally, the smoke inlet is adjacent to the bottom of the purifying tower body, the smoke outlet is located at the top of the purifying tower body, the smoke inlet is communicated with the lower part of the inner cavity of the packing cylinder, cooled smoke to be purified enters the transition cavity from the upper end of the packing cylinder, the density of the air inlet holes on the inner shell adjacent to the transition cavity is gradually increased along the direction from top to bottom, and the density of the air outlet holes on the outer shell adjacent to the smoke discharging cavity is gradually reduced along the direction from top to bottom.
Optionally, the adsorption chamber has an adsorbent inlet at its top and an adsorbent outlet at its bottom so that adsorbent is fed continuously or intermittently into the adsorption chamber from the adsorbent inlet and continuously or intermittently out of the adsorption chamber from the adsorbent outlet.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purification tower according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a flue gas temperature reduction adsorption combined purification tower according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an adsorbent for a flue gas temperature reduction adsorption combined purification tower according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the purifying tower body 11, the smoke inlet 101, the smoke outlet 102, the cooling cavity 103, the adsorption cavity 104, the adsorption unit 1041, the ventilation casing 10411, the smoke discharging cavity 105, the transition cavity 106, the adsorbent inlet 107, the adsorbent outlet 108, the cooling liquid outlet 109,
A spray cooling part 21,
A packing cylinder 31, a packing 311,
An inner housing 411 and an outer housing 412.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purifying tower according to the embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the flue gas cooling adsorption combined purification tower according to the embodiment of the invention comprises a purification tower body 11. The purifying tower body 11 is provided with a smoke inlet 101 and a smoke outlet 102, and the purifying tower body 11 is internally provided with a cooling cavity 103, an adsorption cavity 104 and a smoke discharging cavity 105.
The cooling cavity 103 is communicated with the smoke inlet 101, and a cooling device is arranged in the cooling cavity 103 and used for cooling smoke to be purified, which is supplied into the cooling cavity 103 from the smoke inlet 101, for example, high-temperature smoke from a boiler is cooled to be low-temperature smoke below zero. The adsorption cavity 104 is provided with an adsorbent, and is used for purifying the cooled low-temperature flue gas entering the adsorption cavity 104 from the cooling cavity 103 into clean flue gas. The fume chamber 105 communicates with the fume outlet 102 to discharge clean fume from the adsorption chamber 104 into the fume chamber 105 through the fume outlet 102.
Preferably, the temperature of the low temperature flue gas is, for example, -80 ℃ to-5 ℃.
More preferably, the temperature of the low temperature flue gas is between-20 ℃ and-10 ℃. The inventors found through researches that the lower the flue gas temperature is, the more favorable for adsorption purification, but the lower the flue gas temperature is, the complicated equipment structure for cooling the flue gas is caused, and the energy consumption is increased, for example, the cooling equipment, the adsorption tower and the pipeline are required to be provided with heat insulation layers, the sealing performance is required to be high, so that the cost is increased, and in addition, the condensed water is easy to appear in the adsorption tower under the condition of the too low temperature, so that the adsorption is influenced by the adhesion and blockage of the adsorbent. Therefore, it is advantageous to cool the flue gas temperature to-20℃to-10 ℃.
In embodiments of the invention, the adsorbent may be packed within the gas permeable casing 10411 to form the adsorption unit 1041. That is, as shown in fig. 3, the adsorption unit 1041 includes a ventilation casing 10411 and an adsorbent filled inside the ventilation casing 10411, and the adsorbent may be a granular or powdery adsorbent, or may be an adsorbent body made of a powder or granular adsorbent, such as a spherical body or a cylindrical body formed by a binder, or the like, and of course, a protective shell, such as a ventilation film, covering the outside of the adsorbent body may be further formed on the outside of the adsorbent body to further enhance the strength of the adsorbent body. Wherein, the ventilation casing 10411 has ventilation holes, and flue gas can permeate the ventilation holes and enter the ventilation casing 10411, and the flue gas can pass through gaps between adjacent adsorbents and/or holes of the adsorbents themselves, thereby reducing direct collision, friction and abrasion among the adsorbents and dust generation. The ventilation housing 10411 may have a shape of a sphere, a cylinder, or the like, in which the diameter of the adsorption unit 1041 is 10mm to 100mm and the diameter of the adsorbent is 1mm to 10mm.
By incorporating the adsorbent in the ventilation casing 10411 to form the adsorption unit 1041, on the one hand, dust generated by collision between the adsorbents can be reduced, and on the other hand, the contact area between the flue gas and the adsorbent can be increased, and the ventilation property of the adsorbent can be improved, which is particularly advantageous for low-temperature adsorption.
It should be understood that the flue gas supplied into the cooling chamber 103 through the flue gas inlet 101 is flue gas to be purified containing pollutants, and the flue gas discharged from the adsorption chamber 104 and entering the flue gas discharge chamber 105 is clean flue gas from which the pollutants are removed.
For example, the smoke inlet 101 of the purification tower body 11 communicates with the outlet of the smoke outlet channel of the boiler (e.g. in a power plant, a steel mill) so that the smoke to be purified is conveyed into the purification tower body 11 for purification. The smoke outlet 102 of the purifying tower body 11 can be communicated with a chimney so as to directly discharge the clean smoke reaching the standard to the atmosphere through the chimney, thereby realizing near zero emission. The smoke outlet 102 of the purifying tower body 11 can be communicated with a cold energy recovery device (a cold energy recovery tower and the like), so that the cold energy in the clean smoke is further utilized, and the energy consumption and the cost are reduced.
The flue gas to be purified enters the cooling cavity 103 through the flue gas inlet 101, the flue gas in the cooling cavity 103 is cooled to a set temperature (low-temperature flue gas in a subzero temperature zone) through the cooling device, the cooled low-temperature flue gas flows into the adsorption cavity 104, the adsorbent in the adsorption cavity 104 removes pollutants in the flue gas, the flue gas is purified to be clean flue gas through low-temperature adsorption, and the clean flue gas flows into the flue gas discharging cavity 105 and is discharged out of the purification tower body 11 through the flue gas outlet 102.
Compared with the mode that the flue gas is cooled by a separate spray tower and then is sent to a separate adsorption tower for adsorption by a pipeline in the related art, the flue gas cooling adsorption combined purification tower provided by the embodiment of the invention reduces the number of towers, omits a pipeline between a cooling tower and the adsorption tower and a heat preservation layer on the pipeline between the cooling tower and the adsorption tower, improves the integration level of purification equipment, at least reduces the occupied area by 20% -30%, saves the space and reduces the construction cost.
Compared with the prior art that the independent spray towers are communicated with the independent adsorption towers through the pipelines, the flue gas is conveyed to the adsorption towers through the pipelines, so that the quantity of required equipment is large, the connection is complex, and the cooling capacity loss is large. Compared with the flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined type purifying tower, provided by the embodiment of the invention, at least the conveying distance of one spraying tower height is reduced, the time is saved, the flue gas removal efficiency is improved, the problem of flue gas cold loss in the pipeline conveying process is avoided, the cold generated by a cooling device can be fully utilized, and the flue gas removal effect is improved.
Compared with the prior art that a pipeline is connected with a tower through an elbow, the flue gas cooling adsorption combined type purifying tower provided by the embodiment of the invention omits the pipeline and the elbow, further saves space, simplifies installation and maintenance work, reduces leakage probability and reduces cost.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the purifying tower body 11 further has a transition chamber 106 therein, and the transition chamber 106 is located between the cooling chamber 103 and the adsorption chamber 104, so that the cooled low-temperature flue gas enters the transition chamber 106 from the cooling chamber 103 through an inlet of the transition chamber 106 and then enters the adsorption chamber 104 from the transition chamber 106.
It will be appreciated that, since the flue gas delivered from the boiler into the cooling chamber 103 generally has a high flow rate, the flue gas slows down a certain speed during the cooling process in the cooling chamber 103, but the flow rate of the cooled low-temperature flue gas is still relatively high, if the flue gas directly enters the adsorption chamber 104, the flue gas not only can impact the adsorbent, so that the adsorbent is damaged, but also the adsorption time of the flue gas in the adsorption chamber 104 is relatively short, so that the pollutant removal effect is relatively poor.
Therefore, by arranging the transition cavity 106 between the cooling cavity 103 and the adsorption cavity 104, low-temperature flue gas cooled in the cooling cavity 103 flows into the transition cavity 106 for buffering, the flow speed of the flue gas is slowed down, and then flows into the adsorption cavity 104 for adsorption purification, so that the impact of the adsorbent is avoided, the contact time of the flue gas and the adsorbent is prolonged, and the removal effect of pollutants in the flue gas is improved.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the inlet of the transition cavity 106 is far away from the smoke inlet 101, so that the smoke entering the cooling cavity 103 can be sufficiently cooled in the cooling cavity 103, and the influence on the adsorption effect caused by the fact that the smoke which has just entered the cooling cavity 103 and is not sufficiently cooled flows into the transition cavity 106 is avoided.
In some embodiments, the cooling chamber 103, the transition chamber 106, the adsorption chamber 104 and the fume evacuation chamber 105 within the purification tower body 11 are arranged in a variety of ways. For example, the cooling chamber 103, the transition chamber 106, the adsorption chamber 104, and the smoke evacuation chamber 105 are arranged in order in the horizontal direction, or the cooling chamber 103, the transition chamber 106, the adsorption chamber 104, and the smoke evacuation chamber 105 are arranged in order in the vertical direction, or the like.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, in the radial direction of the purification tower body 11, the fume exhaust chamber 105 surrounds the adsorption chamber 104, the adsorption chamber 104 surrounds the transition chamber 106, and the transition chamber 106 surrounds the cooling chamber 103. In other words, in the radial direction of the purification tower body 11, the cooling chamber 103, the transition chamber 106, the adsorption chamber 104, and the fume exhaust chamber 105 are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside. Therefore, the integration level of the purifying tower body is further improved, the cold energy generated by the cooling device is fully utilized, the adsorption effect is improved, and the energy consumption and the cost are reduced.
Compared with the spray tower in the related art, the heat preservation and cold insulation measures are not designed on the tower wall of the spray tower, so that the cold energy loss is caused, and the cost is increased if the heat preservation and cold insulation measures are designed. According to the flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purification tower provided by the embodiment of the invention, the cooling cavity 103 is arranged in the middle area of the purification tower body 11, the adsorption cavity 104 is arranged around the cooling cavity 103, and the adsorption cavity 104 is used for preserving heat and cold of the cooling cavity 103, so that the cold of the cooling cavity 103 is prevented from being lost to the external environment.
Therefore, the flue gas cooling adsorption combined purification tower provided by the embodiment of the invention not only avoids the cold energy loss in the flue gas conveying process of a pipeline, but also avoids the cold energy loss of the cooling cavity 103, and compared with the spray tower in the related art, the flue gas cooling adsorption combined purification tower provided by the embodiment of the invention at least reduces the cold energy loss by 5% -20%.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the cooling cavity 103, the cross-sectional area of the transition cavity 106, the cross-sectional area of the adsorption cavity 104 and the cross-sectional area of the smoke discharging cavity 105 is approximately 1:3:5:7, and on the premise of ensuring stable smoke circulation, the compactness of the structure of the purifying tower body 11 is further improved.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the cooling device comprises a spray cooling member 21, the spray cooling member 21 being used to spray a cooling liquid for directly cooling the flue gas to be cleaned in the cooling chamber 103. The height of the spray cooling component 21 is higher than the height of the smoke inlet 101, avoiding ineffective spraying of the spray cooling component 21.
Optionally, a filler 311 is also provided in the cooling chamber 103 between the smoke inlet 101 and the spray cooling member 21. It can be appreciated that in the cooling cavity 103, the flue gas flows through the filler 311 from bottom to top, the spray cooling liquid flows through the filler 311 from top to bottom, and the flue gas exchanges heat with the cooling liquid in the filler 311 to reduce the temperature of the flue gas to the set cooling temperature.
The purifying tower body 11 is also provided with a cooling liquid outlet 109 communicated with the cooling cavity 103, and the cooling liquid sprayed by the spray cooling component 21 falls to the bottom of the cooling cavity 103 and is discharged out of the tower through the cooling liquid outlet 109.
Further, the cooling liquid outlet 109 is located below the smoke inlet 101, so that the cooling liquid accumulated at the bottom of the cooling cavity 103 is prevented from flowing into the smoke inlet 101.
Optionally, the cooling cavity 103 may have multiple stages of spray cooling elements 21 and multiple stages of packing 311 therein. For example, the multi-stage spray cooling section 21 is defined as a first stage spray cooling section, a second stage spray cooling section, and a third stage spray cooling section in this order in the bottom-up direction, and the multi-stage packing 311 is defined as a first stage packing, a second stage packing, and a third stage packing in this order in the bottom-up direction. Thereby, the cooling chamber 103 is divided into three layers in the bottom-to-top direction.
The second-stage liquid collector is used for collecting cooling liquid sprayed by the second-stage spray cooling component, and the second-stage gas lifting cap is used for preventing the cooling liquid sprayed by the second-stage spray cooling component from entering the first-layer cooling cavity and enabling flue gas cooled by the first-stage spray cooling component to enter the second-layer cooling cavity.
Similarly, a third-stage liquid collector and a third-stage air lifting cap are arranged between the second-stage spray cooling component and the third-stage packing, the third-stage liquid collector is used for collecting cooling liquid sprayed by the third-stage spray cooling component, and the third-stage air lifting cap is used for preventing the cooling liquid sprayed by the third-stage spray cooling component from entering the second-layer cooling cavity and enabling flue gas cooled by the second-stage spray cooling component to enter the third-layer cooling cavity.
Both the smoke inlet 101 and the coolant outlet 109 are located below the first stage packing. It can be appreciated that after the flue gas enters the cooling cavity 103, the flue gas sequentially passes through the three layers of cooling cavities 103 to be subjected to step cooling. And in the first-stage packing, the flue gas exchanges heat with cooling liquid (normal-temperature spray cooling water) sprayed by the first-stage spray cooling component, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to be close to the room temperature. And in the second-stage filling, the flue gas exchanges heat with cooling liquid (chilled water) sprayed by the second-stage spray cooling component, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to about 5 ℃. In the third-stage packing, the flue gas exchanges heat with the cooling liquid (low-temperature refrigerating liquid) sprayed by the third-stage spray cooling component, so that the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to a subzero temperature region, for example, between-20 ℃ and-15 ℃.
The cooling capacity of the cooling liquid sprayed by the first-stage spray cooling component can be obtained through a cooling tower, and the cooling capacity of the cooling liquid sprayed by the second-stage spray cooling component and the cooling capacity of the cooling liquid sprayed by the third-stage spray cooling component can be obtained through a refrigerating system of the power plant.
Thus, after the flue gas is subjected to three-stage cooling, the temperature is reduced to minus temperature, and the cooled flue gas enters the adsorption cavity 104 through the transition cavity 106 and passes throughAdsorption of adsorbent to eliminate SO from fume 2 Various pollutants such as NOx, dust and mercury.
It is understood that in the low-temperature environment of the subzero temperature zone, the nitrogen oxide in the flue gas generates a low-temperature oxidation adsorption phenomenon on the surface of the adsorbent such as the activated carbon, so that the nitrogen oxide gas which is difficult to adsorb is oxidized into the nitrogen dioxide gas which is easy to adsorb, the adsorption capacity is increased by hundreds of times, and in addition, the adsorption capacity of the components such as sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and heavy metal is multiplied in the low-temperature environment.
In other embodiments, the cooling means comprises a condenser to indirectly cool the flue gas to be cleaned within the cooling chamber 103.
Optionally, the condenser is an S-shaped, spiral or vortex-shaped heat exchange tube arranged in the cooling cavity 103, and a cooling medium is introduced into the heat exchange tube so as to indirectly cool the flue gas and the heat exchange tube.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the purification tower body 11 is a vertical vessel, i.e., the height of the purification tower body 11 is much greater than the diameter of the purification tower body 11.
The purification tower body 11 includes an inner case 411 and an outer case 412 which are spaced apart in the inside-out direction. The inner case 411 has an inner cavity constituting the cooling chamber 103, the adsorption chamber 104 is formed between the inner case 411 and the outer case 412, and the smoke discharging chamber 105 is formed between the outer case 412 and the inner wall of the purification tower body 11.
The inner cavity of the inner shell 411 is internally provided with a packing barrel 31, the packing barrel 31 is internally provided with a packing 311, the inner cavity of the packing barrel 31 forms a cooling cavity 103, and a transition cavity 106 is formed between the outer wall of the packing barrel 31 and the wall of the inner cavity of the inner shell 411, so that cooled flue gas to be purified enters the adsorption cavity 104 through the transition cavity 106.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the purification tower body 11, the inner housing 411, the outer housing 412, and the packing drum 31 are all disposed vertically, and the central axis of the purification tower body 11, the central axis of the inner housing 411, the central axis of the outer housing 412, and the central axis of the packing drum 31 are coaxial.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the smoke inlet 101 is adjacent to the bottom of the purification tower body 11 and the smoke outlet 102 is located at the top of the purification tower body 11.
The smoke inlet 101 is communicated with the lower part of the inner cavity of the packing barrel 31, and smoke to be purified enters the inner cavity (cooling cavity 103) of the packing barrel 31 through the smoke inlet 101, and flows from bottom to top. The cooling device is arranged in the packing barrel 31 to cool the flue gas in the inner cavity of the packing barrel 31, and the cooled flue gas enters the transition cavity 106 from the upper end of the packing barrel 31. The cooled flue gas flows from top to bottom in the transition cavity 106 and flows into the adsorption cavity 104 along the horizontal direction, and SO in the cooled flue gas is removed under the adsorption action of the adsorbent 2 Various pollutants such as NOx, dust, and mercury to produce clean flue gas. Clean flue gas flows into the flue gas discharging cavity 105, flows into the flue gas outlet 102 from bottom to top in the flue gas discharging cavity 105 and is discharged outside the tower.
In some embodiments, the inner shell 411 is provided with a first ventilation portion through which the cooled flue gas to be purified passes, the outer shell 412 is provided with a second ventilation portion through which the clean flue gas passes, and the size of the first ventilation portion and the size of the second ventilation portion are smaller than the size of the adsorbent in the adsorption cavity 104, so as to prevent the adsorbent from flowing out through the first ventilation portion and the second ventilation portion. For example, the vent is a hole or a wire mesh.
Alternatively, the first ventilation part is composed of a plurality of air intake holes, and the density of the air intake holes on the inner case 411 is gradually increased in a direction from top to bottom. If the air inlets on the inner shell 411 are uniformly distributed from top to bottom, most of the flue gas flowing into the transition cavity 106 from the cooling cavity 103 directly enters the adsorption cavity 104 through the air inlets on the upper portion of the transition cavity 106, and a small portion of the flue gas enters the adsorption cavity 104 through the air inlets on the lower portion of the transition cavity 106, so that the use of the adsorbent in the adsorption cavity 104 is uneven, and the utilization rate of the adsorbent is reduced. Therefore, the number of the air inlet holes formed in the upper portion of the transition cavity 106 is smaller than that of the air inlet holes formed in the lower portion of the transition cavity 106, so that the excessive smoke in the upper portion of the transition cavity 106 is limited, and the smoke flows downwards and passes through the air inlet holes in the lower portion of the transition cavity 106, and therefore the utilization rate of the adsorbent is improved.
The second ventilation portion is composed of a plurality of air outlet holes, and the density of the air outlet holes on the housing 412 is gradually reduced along the direction from top to bottom, so as to increase the adsorption time of the flue gas in the adsorption cavity 104 and improve the adsorption effect.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the adsorption chamber 104 has an adsorbent inlet 107 at its top and an adsorbent outlet 108 at its bottom such that adsorbent is fed continuously or intermittently into the adsorption chamber 104 from the adsorbent inlet 107 and continuously or intermittently out of the adsorption chamber 104 from the adsorbent outlet 108.
Optionally, the adsorbent inlet 107 and the adsorbent outlet 108 are both provided with control valves to control the on-off state of the adsorbent inlet 107 and the adsorbent outlet 108, so as to determine whether the adsorbent in the adsorption cavity 104 flows continuously or intermittently according to the actual working conditions, that is, the adsorbent forms a continuous or intermittent moving adsorbent bed in the adsorption cavity 104.
When the adsorbent continuously flows, the control valves of the adsorbent inlet 107 and the adsorbent outlet 108 are in an open state, and the adsorbent is continuously fed into the adsorption chamber 104 from the adsorbent inlet 107 and is continuously discharged from the adsorption chamber 104 from the adsorbent outlet 108.
When the adsorbent intermittently flows, the control valve of the adsorbent inlet 107 is in an open state, the control valve of the adsorbent outlet 108 is in a closed state, and the adsorbent enters the adsorption cavity 104 from the adsorbent inlet 107 and moves downward along the cavity wall of the adsorption cavity 104 to close the control valve of the adsorbent inlet 107 after the adsorption cavity 104 is filled. After the adsorbent is saturated, the control valve of the adsorbent outlet 108 is opened and the adsorbent is discharged from the adsorbent outlet 108 into the adsorption chamber 104.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While the above embodiments have been shown and described, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations of the above embodiments may be made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a flue gas cooling adsorbs combination formula purifying column, its characterized in that, includes the purifying column body, the purifying column body has into the mouth and goes out the mouth of cigarette, this internal cooling chamber that has of purifying column, adsorption chamber and the chamber of discharging fume, the cooling chamber with advance the mouth intercommunication of cigarette, be equipped with cooling device in the cooling chamber, cooling device is used for will follow advance the mouth and supply to wait to purify the flue gas cooling of cooling intracavity and be the low temperature flue gas of subzero temperature, adsorption chamber has the adsorbent for will follow get into from the cooling intracavity the low temperature flue gas low temperature absorption after the cooling of adsorption chamber purifies to clean flue gas, the chamber of discharging fume with go out the mouth intercommunication, so that follow through the outlet fume outlet the adsorption chamber gets into the clean flue gas of discharging fume intracavity.
2. The flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purification tower according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas discharging cavity surrounds the adsorbing cavity in the radial direction of the purification tower body, and the adsorbing cavity surrounds the cooling cavity.
3. The flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purification tower according to claim 2, wherein the purification tower body is further provided with a transition cavity, the transition cavity is located between the cooling cavity and the adsorption cavity, so that the low-temperature flue gas enters the transition cavity from the cooling cavity and then enters the adsorption cavity from the transition cavity through an inlet of the transition cavity, and an inlet of the transition cavity is far away from the flue inlet in the axial direction of the purification tower body.
4. The flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purification tower according to claim 1, wherein the cooling device comprises a spray cooling component, the spray cooling component is used for spraying cooling liquid so as to directly cool the flue gas to be purified in the cooling cavity, and the height of the spray cooling component is higher than that of the flue gas inlet.
5. The flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purification tower according to claim 4, wherein a filler positioned between the flue gas inlet and the spray cooling component is arranged in the cooling cavity.
6. The flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purification tower according to claim 1, wherein the cooling device comprises a condenser to indirectly cool the flue gas to be purified in the cooling cavity.
7. The flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purification tower according to claim 1, wherein the purification tower body is a vertical container, an inner shell and an outer shell are arranged in the purification tower body at intervals in the direction from inside to outside, the inner shell is provided with an inner cavity forming the cooling cavity, the adsorption cavity is formed between the inner shell and the outer shell, and the smoke exhaust cavity is formed between the outer shell and the inner wall of the purification tower body.
8. The flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purification tower according to claim 7, wherein a packing cylinder is arranged in the inner cavity of the inner shell, packing is arranged in the packing cylinder, the cooling device comprises a spray cooling component for spraying cooling liquid from above the packing, the inner cavity of the packing cylinder forms the cooling cavity, and a transition cavity is formed between the outer wall of the packing cylinder and the wall of the inner cavity of the inner shell, so that the low-temperature flue gas enters the adsorption cavity through the transition cavity.
9. The flue gas cooling and adsorbing combined purification tower according to claim 8, wherein the flue gas inlet is adjacent to the bottom of the purification tower body, the flue gas outlet is positioned at the top of the purification tower body, the flue gas inlet is communicated with the lower part of the inner cavity of the packing cylinder, cooled flue gas to be purified enters the transition cavity from the upper end of the packing cylinder, the density of the air inlet holes on the inner shell adjacent to the transition cavity is gradually increased along the top-to-bottom direction, and the density of the air outlet holes on the outer shell adjacent to the smoke discharging cavity is gradually reduced along the top-to-bottom direction.
10. The flue gas cooling adsorption combination purification tower according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the adsorption chamber has an adsorbent inlet at the top thereof and an adsorbent outlet at the bottom thereof, such that adsorbent is fed continuously or intermittently into the adsorption chamber from the adsorbent inlet and continuously or intermittently flows out of the adsorption chamber from the adsorbent outlet.
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