CN117075039B - Target capturing method and device based on beam clusters - Google Patents
Target capturing method and device based on beam clusters Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0294—Trajectory determination or predictive filtering, e.g. target tracking or Kalman filtering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/04—Position of source determined by a plurality of spaced direction-finders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
A target capturing method and device based on a beam cluster relates to the field of radio measurement. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a beam cluster by utilizing array element analog phase shifting and subarray digital phase shifting of the finite phase scanning phased array antenna; determining the size of the beam cluster and the size of a subarray of the phased array antenna according to the maximum flying speed of the target, the space distance of the target and the airspace range of target searching; and scanning the beam cluster in the airspace range of target searching to realize rapid capturing of the high-speed low-flying target in the set airspace range. The method and the device have the advantages that the beam clusters are adopted to expand the single-point scanning coverage range, the scanning times are reduced, the searching time is shortened, and the high-dynamic target in the large airspace range is rapidly captured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of radio measurement, in particular to a target capturing method and device based on a beam cluster.
Background
With the technological progress, the radio measurement frequency band is rapidly evolving towards higher frequency bands to obtain higher measurement accuracy and larger transmission bandwidth. However, as the operating frequency increases, the difficulty of capturing highly dynamic targets by the antenna increases substantially. On the one hand, the higher the frequency is, the narrower the antenna beam is, for example, the beam width of a Ka frequency band antenna with the caliber of 2 meters is only about 0.4 DEG, and is only one tenth of the beam width of an S frequency band antenna with the same caliber; on the other hand, the high-speed low-flying target (especially the ultra-high-sound-speed target) has the characteristics of large degree of freedom of flying track, high speed, low height and the like, so that the possible airspace range of the high-speed low-flying target is large, and the angular speed and the angular acceleration are high. The superposition of the two conditions results in a very short transit time of the target within the antenna beam of the ground measurement and control device. For example, when the target flying speed is 1.7km/s and the distance is 50km, the transit time in the antenna beam is 205ms, and if a single beam is adopted to scan a 20 DEG x 20 DEG airspace sequentially, the single-point scanning time is 5ms, 12500ms is required and is far longer than the beam transit time. Therefore, capturing a high-speed low-flying target directly with a narrow beam is technically difficult to achieve, and one solution is to form multi-beam parallel scanning simultaneously by using a phased array antenna, so that the search time is shortened.
The existing phased array system multi-beam capturing method mainly adopts two implementation paths: analog phase-shifting arrays and digital phase-shifting arrays. The analog phase-shifting array adopts a plurality of paths of parallel radio frequency phase shifters to realize multi-beam, each antenna array element and the low noise amplifier are connected with a plurality of paths of power dividers, and each path of output of each power divider is connected with one phase shifter and corresponds to one beam. The phase shifters corresponding to the beams are respectively synthesized to output signals corresponding to the beams. Thus, several beams need to be formed, and the phase shifter and the combining network are multiplied by several times. When the working frequency band (above Ka frequency band) is higher, the cost of the radio frequency phase shifter is high, the phase shifting network is complex, and the implementation difficulty is high. The digital phase-shifting array is connected with a low noise amplifier, a phase shifter, a down converter and an AD (analog to digital) after each antenna array element, the amplitude and the phase of signals received by each antenna array element are weighted by adopting a digital method, the formation of a multi-beam directional diagram is completed, the beam control is flexible, and the digital phase-shifting array is suitable for arrays with smaller scales. However, if the antenna scale is large, the number of channels is large, the number of down converters and AD (analog-to-digital) converters is multiplied, the construction cost is high, the equipment reliability is reduced, the structure is complex, and the down converters and the AD converters are inconvenient to install and maintain; the parallel high-speed sampling digitization of a plurality of channels has large data processing capacity and large realization difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a target capturing method and device based on a beam cluster, which have low cost, large coverage area and high searching speed.
According to a first aspect, in one embodiment, there is provided a method for capturing a target based on a beam cluster, including:
constructing a beam cluster by utilizing array element analog phase shifting and subarray digital phase shifting of the finite phase scanning array antenna;
determining the size of the beam cluster and the subarray size of the array antenna according to the maximum flying speed of the target, the space distance of the target and the airspace range of target searching;
and scanning the beam cluster in the airspace range of target searching to realize rapid capturing of the high-speed low-flying target in the airspace range.
In one embodiment, the constructing the beam cluster by using the array element analog phase shift and the subarray digital phase shift of the finite phase-scanned array antenna includes:
the array surface of the array antenna comprises a plurality of subarrays, and each subarray comprises a plurality of antenna array elements;
acquiring radio signals received by each antenna array element in each subarray, amplifying and simulating the radio signals received by each antenna array element, and synthesizing the radio signals into one path of simulation signals;
acquiring an analog signal of each subarray, processing and analog-to-digital converting the analog signal of each subarray, and generating a digital signal corresponding to each subarray; determining phase shift values of digital signals corresponding to the subarrays according to the beam directions in the beam clusters; performing digital phase shifting and beam forming processing on the digital signals corresponding to each sub-array according to the phase shifting values, and generating a plurality of paths of signals; each path of signal corresponds to one wave beam of the array antenna, and a plurality of wave beams corresponding to the plurality of paths of signals form a wave beam cluster of the array antenna.
In one embodiment, the determining the size of the beam cluster and the subarray size of the array antenna according to the maximum flying speed of the target, the space distance of the target and the airspace range of the target search includes:
obtaining the maximum distance of the space distance of the target to determine the gain of the array antenna, and determining the array plane directional diagram beam width theta of the array antenna according to the gain of the array antenna 2 ；
Acquiring the airspace range of target search as delta A multiplied by delta E; wherein deltaa represents the search airspace azimuth range and deltae represents the search airspace pitch range;
determining the phase scanning range delta theta of the array antenna according to the fact that the phase scanning range delta theta of the array antenna is larger than or equal to the airspace range delta A multiplied by delta E of target searching;
according to the phase scanning range delta theta of the array antenna not smaller than the directional pattern beam width theta of the antenna array element 0 Determining the pattern beam width theta of the antenna array element 0 ；
Determining the signal level received by the array antenna according to the maximum distance of the spatial distance of the target and the gain of the array antenna; determining multi-beam signal detection time t according to signal level received by the array antenna 1 ；
The minimum transit time of the target in a single beam is calculated using the following formula:
；
wherein t is 2 Represents the minimum transit time of the target in a single beam, d represents the maximum distance of the spatial distance of the target, θ 2 Representing the array plane directional diagram beam width of the array antenna, and v represents the maximum tangential flight speed of the target;
a spatial domain range delta A x delta E searched according to the target and a multi-beam signal detection time t 1 And the transit time t of the target in a single beam 2 Determining the size of the beam cluster; the size of the beam cluster comprises the number p of beams of the beam cluster and the coverage area theta of the beam cluster 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Covering the spatial domain range DeltaA×DeltaE of the target search according to the overlapping range of q wave beam clusters, and detecting the multi-wave beam signal of q wave beam clusters for time q×t 1 Less than or equal to the minimum transit time t of the target in a single beam 2 Determining the number of beams of the beam cluster and the coverage area of the beam cluster;
according to the coverage area theta of the beam cluster 3 Pattern beam width θ of < subarray 1 < phase sweep range Δθ of array antenna, determining pattern beam width θ of the subarray 1 ；
The size of a single subarray in an array antenna is calculated using the following formula:
；
wherein n represents the number of array elements of a single subarray, θ 0 Is the beam width, theta of the directional pattern of the antenna array element 1 Is the pattern beam width of the subarray,represents a downward integer, n is a multiple of 4.
In one embodiment, the spatial distribution of the beam clusters is in a triangular grid beam distribution manner.
In one embodiment, the scanning in the airspace range of the target search by using the beam cluster to achieve fast capturing of the high-speed low-flying target in the set airspace range includes:
acquiring an airspace range of target search and a preset target search mode;
acquiring a beam cluster of an array antenna, wherein the beam cluster scans in a space domain range of the target search according to the preset target search mode;
and driving the mechanical structure of the antenna to operate according to the scanning result, so that the mechanical axis of the antenna and the electric wave beam are combined to point to the target, and the target capturing is completed.
In one embodiment, the driving the mechanical structure of the antenna to operate according to the scanning result, so that the mechanical axis of the antenna and the electric wave beam are combined to be directed to the target, and capturing the target is completed, including:
acquiring signal detection results and corresponding angle information of a beam cluster at each scanning point; comparing and selecting the maximum value in all signal detection results, comparing the maximum value with a preset threshold value, and outputting target capturing indication information when the maximum value is larger than the preset threshold value; wherein the angle information corresponding to the maximum value is the spatial position of the target;
and driving the antenna mechanical structure to operate according to the spatial position of the target, so that the antenna mechanical shaft and the electric wave beam are combined to point to the target, and target capturing is completed.
In one embodiment, the preset target searching mode includes a scanning path and a scanning rate of a beam cluster; the scanning path of the beam cluster adopts a spiral scanning mode from inside to outside; the scanning rate is based on the multi-beam signal detection time t 1 And (5) determining.
According to a second aspect, in one embodiment there is provided a beam cluster based target capture device comprising: an array antenna, an antenna mechanical structure, an antenna control unit and an array signal processor;
the array antenna is used for receiving a target signal, amplifying, phase shifting, synthesizing and analog-to-digital converting the target signal to output a plurality of paths of digital signals;
the antenna mechanical structure comprises an antenna azimuth mechanical axis and an antenna elevation mechanical axis;
the antenna control unit controls the operation of the antenna mechanical structure so as to lead the normal direction of the array antenna to point to the center of the airspace range of target searching, thereby capturing and tracking the target;
the array signal processor performs phase shifting and beam forming processing on the digital signals to generate a beam cluster of an array antenna, and detects beam signals in the beam cluster; the array signal processor controls the beam cluster to scan in a space domain range area of target searching according to a preset target searching mode, and compares signal detection results of all scanning points to determine target angle information so as to achieve target capturing.
In one embodiment, the array antenna comprises a plurality of subarrays, each subarray comprising a plurality of antenna array elements, a plurality of low noise amplifiers, a plurality of radio frequency phase shifters, a synthesizer, a down converter and an analog-to-digital converter;
the antenna array element receives the target signal, and the low-noise amplifier, the radio frequency phase shifter and the synthesizer are utilized to amplify and radio frequency phase shift the target signal, and then the target signal is synthesized into one path of analog signal;
the analog signals pass through a down converter and an analog-to-digital converter to generate digital signals corresponding to each sub-array.
According to the method and the device for capturing the target based on the beam clusters, the beam clusters of the array antennas are constructed by using the array element analog phase shifting and the subarray digital phase shifting of the antennas, meanwhile, the size of the beam clusters and the subarray sizes of the array antennas are determined according to the maximum flying speed of the target, the space distance of the target and the airspace range of target searching, and finally, the beam clusters are used for scanning in the airspace range of target searching, so that the rapid capturing of the high-speed low-flying target in the airspace range is realized. The method and the device have the advantages that the beam clusters are adopted to expand the single-point scanning coverage range, the scanning times are reduced, the searching time is shortened, and the high-dynamic target in the large airspace range is rapidly captured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of target acquisition based on beam clusters according to one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of step S100 of a beam cluster based target acquisition method according to one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the basic components of an array antenna according to one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a beam cluster of one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an expanded beam cluster of one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a beam cluster scanning schematic of one embodiment;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of step S300 of a beam cluster-based target capturing method according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings by means of specific embodiments. Wherein like elements in different embodiments are numbered alike in association. In the following embodiments, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, one skilled in the art will readily recognize that some of the features may be omitted, or replaced by other elements, materials, or methods in different situations. In some instances, some operations associated with the present application have not been shown or described in the specification to avoid obscuring the core portions of the present application, and may not be necessary for a person skilled in the art to describe in detail the relevant operations based on the description herein and the general knowledge of one skilled in the art.
Furthermore, the described features, operations, or characteristics of the description may be combined in any suitable manner in various embodiments. Also, various steps or acts in the method descriptions may be interchanged or modified in a manner apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the various orders in the description and drawings are for clarity of description of only certain embodiments, and are not meant to be required orders unless otherwise indicated.
The numbering of the components itself, e.g. "first", "second", etc., is used herein merely to distinguish between the described objects and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "coupled" and "connected," as used herein, are intended to encompass both direct and indirect coupling (coupling), unless otherwise indicated.
In the measurement and control task of a high-speed low-flying target, the target has the characteristics of high flying speed and short distance, and the ground measurement and control system is required to have the capability of capturing a large airspace range and a rapid angle. The application provides a target capturing method and device based on a beam cluster, which adopts a phased array antenna to form the beam cluster to expand single-point scanning coverage, reduce scanning times, shorten searching time, ensure that scanning of a searching airspace is completed within beam transition time, realize target capturing, and specifically expand the following.
Referring to fig. 1, in one embodiment, the method for capturing a target based on beam clusters provided in the present application includes the following steps.
Step S100: and constructing an array beam cluster by utilizing the array element analog phase shift and the subarray digital phase shift of the finite phase-swept array antenna.
Referring to fig. 2, in one embodiment, when performing step S100 to construct a beam cluster by using the array element analog phase shift and the subarray digital phase shift of the finite phase-scanned array antenna, the method further includes the following steps:
step S110: the array surface of the array antenna is divided into a plurality of subarrays.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, an array plane of an array antenna is divided into m subarrays, each subarray being formed by n antenna array elements. In fig. 3, each square divided from the array plane is a subarray, and one circle in each subarray is an antenna array element.
Step S120: and amplifying and radio frequency phase shifting the radio signals received by each antenna array element in the subarray, and synthesizing the radio signals into one path of analog signals.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3, n antenna array elements in each subarray receive radio signals, and after each radio signal is amplified by LAN and radio-frequency phase-shifted, n radio signals in each subarray are synthesized into one analog signal.
Step S130: the analog signal output by each sub-array is subjected to down-conversion and analog-to-digital conversion to generate a digital signal corresponding to each sub-array.
In one embodiment, 1 path of analog signal output by each sub-array is subjected to down-conversion to reduce the carrier frequency of the signal, then is subjected to AD conversion to obtain a digital signal, and then is subjected to photoelectric conversion to output a corresponding path of digital optical signal, so that signal transmission is facilitated. The array antenna comprises m subarrays, each subarray outputs one path of digital signal, and thus the array antenna can output m paths of digital signals.
Step S140: and after digital phase shifting and beam forming processing are carried out on the digital signals corresponding to all subarrays, forming a beam cluster of the array antenna.
In one embodiment, according to each beam direction in the beam cluster, determining phase shift values of digital signals corresponding to the m sub-arrays; after digital phase shifting and beam forming processing are carried out on m paths of digital signals according to the phase shifting values, p paths of signals are generated, each path of signal corresponds to one beam of the array antenna, and the p beams form a beam cluster of the array antenna.
Referring to fig. 4, in one embodiment, the spatial distribution of beam clusters is a triangular grid beam distribution. As shown in fig. 4, the "cellular element beam cluster" formed by 7 beams, each beam overlap satisfies the conditions of "low overlapping rate, no gap, and splice", so that the seamless coverage of the airspace can be realized, and meanwhile, by taking the element beam cluster as the center, by increasing the number of peripheral beams, an expanded beam cluster covering a larger airspace range is constructed, and the coverage capability of multiple beams is utilized to the greatest extent, so that the repeated coverage area of the beams is reduced as much as possible.
Referring to fig. 5, in one embodiment, based on the element beam cluster in fig. 4, an extended beam cluster covering a larger spatial domain can be further designed. As shown in fig. 5, a beam cluster consisting of 19 beams can be formed by adding a round of 12 beams around the element beam cluster, and a beam cluster consisting of 37 beams can be formed by adding a round of 18 beams. Similarly, according to the capturing requirement of the target, a beam cluster with a proper size can be designed, and the beam cluster contains a plurality of beams, so that the coverage area of the beam cluster is larger compared with that of a single beam, that is, the beam cluster can be constructed to expand the coverage area of the beam while maintaining high gain.
In one embodiment, the scan pattern and the planned scan path included in the preset target search pattern are spiral scan patterns from inside to outside. As shown in fig. 6, the scanning order is 1→2→3→4→5→6→7→8 … … →37 for 37 scanning points. If more scan points are needed, the scan points can be extended regularly. The beam clusters are controlled to be scanned rapidly according to the planned path, and the coverage of the whole searching area can be realized. In one embodiment, the scan pattern and planned scan path may also be a left-to-right lateral scan pattern or a top-to-bottom longitudinal scan pattern.
Step S200: and determining the size of the beam cluster and the subarray size of the array antenna according to the maximum flying speed of the target, the space distance of the target and the airspace range searched by the target.
In one embodiment, in the method for capturing the target based on the beam cluster, each parameter index includes a maximum flight speed of the target, a spatial distance of the target, an airspace range Δa×Δe of target search (Δa represents a search airspace azimuth range, Δe represents a search airspace pitch range), a number q of scanning points (the number q of scanning points corresponds to the number of beam clusters one to one), and a detection time t of multi-beam signals 1 Time of flight t of target in single beam 2 Pattern beam width θ of antenna elements 0 Pattern beam width θ of subarrays 1 Pattern beam width θ of array plane 2 Coverage area theta of beam cluster 3 And the phase sweep range delta theta of the array antenna. Wherein the pattern beam width theta of the array plane 2 Coverage area theta of < beam cluster 3 Pattern beam width θ of < subarray 1 The phase scanning range delta theta of the array antenna is less than or equal to the directional pattern beam width theta of the antenna array element 0 。
In one embodiment, the maximum tangential flight velocity v of the target can be directly determined according to the requirements of the target capture taskSpatial distance of the target, spatial range Δa×Δe of target search. Determining the gain of the array antenna according to the maximum distance of the spatial distance of the target, and further determining the beam width theta of the array surface directional diagram 2 . Determining the signal level received by the array antenna according to the space distance of the target and the gain of the array antenna, and further determining the multi-beam signal detection time t 1 。
The minimum transit time of the target in a single beam is calculated using the following formula:
；
wherein t is 2 Represents the minimum transit time of the target in a single beam, d represents the maximum distance of the spatial distance of the target, θ 2 Representing the array antenna's array plane pattern beam width, v represents the maximum tangential flight speed of the target.
In one embodiment, the airspace range delta A multiplied by delta E, the number of scanning points q and the pattern beam width theta of the array surface according to target search 2 Detection time t of multibeam signal 1 And the transit time t of the target in a single beam 2 The constraint condition between them determines the size of the beam cluster, wherein the size of the beam cluster includes the number p of beams (the number of beams in step S140 is the number of beams) and the coverage θ 3 Comprising:
1) Coverage area theta of q beam cluster overlap 3 The spatial range Δa×Δe of the target search may be covered.
2) The scanning rate (the residence time of a beam cluster at a single scanning point) is not less than the detection time t of the multi-beam signal 1 。
3）q×t 1 ≤t 2 Signal detection of all scan points in the spatial domain of the target search is completed within the time that the target is transitioning a single beam.
In one embodiment, the spatial domain range ΔA×ΔE and the coverage range θ of the beam cluster according to the target search 3 Determining the size of the subarrays:
1) And determining the phase scanning range delta theta of the array antenna according to the fact that the phase scanning range delta theta of the array antenna is larger than or equal to the airspace range delta A multiplied by delta E of target searching.
2) The phase scanning range delta theta of the array antenna is less than or equal to the pattern beam width theta of the antenna array element according to the implementation form and the constraint relation of the array element antenna 0 Determining the pattern beam width theta of the antenna array element 0 。
3) According to the coverage area theta of the beam cluster 3 Pattern beam width θ of < subarray 1 Phase sweep range delta theta of array antenna, determining directional pattern beam width theta of subarray 1 。
4) The size of a single subarray is calculated using the following formula:
；
wherein n represents the number of array elements of a single subarray, θ 0 Is the beam width, theta of the directional pattern of the antenna array element 1 Is the pattern beam width of the subarray,the expression is taken down by an integer, n being a multiple of 4 for ease of manufacturing.
Step S300: and scanning the beam cluster in the airspace range of target searching to realize rapid capturing of the high-speed low-flying target in the airspace range.
Referring to fig. 7, in an embodiment, when performing step S300 to perform target capturing in the airspace range of target searching by using the beam cluster to achieve fast capturing of the high-speed low-flying target in the set airspace range, the method further includes the following steps:
step S310: and acquiring the airspace range of target search and a preset target search mode.
In one embodiment, the airspace range and the target searching mode of target searching are determined according to task requirements, and the target searching mode comprises a scanning mode, a scanning speed and a scanning path.
Step S320: the beam clusters are scanned in the airspace range of target searching according to a preset target searching mode.
In one embodiment, the antenna control unit controls the operation of the mechanical axis of the antenna to drive the normal direction of the array antenna to point to the center of the spatial domain of the target search before the beam cluster scanning is started.
In one embodiment, after the beam cluster scanning is started, the array signal processor controls the beam cluster to point to scan each scanning point in the airspace range of the target search in sequence according to a preset target search mode. When the beam cluster points to the airspace corresponding to a certain scanning point, the array signal processor receives m paths of digital signals output by the array antenna, obtains p paths of beam signals after digital phase shifting and beam forming processing, performs joint detection on the p paths of beam signals, and records a signal detection result and corresponding angle information.
In one embodiment, when the beam cluster completes scanning in the spatial domain range of the whole target search, signal detection results corresponding to q scanning points are obtained, and q signal detection results are compared and the maximum value is selected. Comparing the maximum value with a preset threshold value, when the maximum value is larger than the preset threshold value, giving indication information captured by the target, and outputting angle information corresponding to the maximum value as the spatial position of the target. When the maximum value is smaller than a preset threshold value, the scanning needs to be carried out again.
Step S330: and driving the mechanical structure of the antenna to operate according to the scanning result, so that the mechanical axis of the antenna and the electric wave beam are combined to point to the target, and the target capturing is completed.
In one embodiment, after the angle information corresponding to the maximum signal detection result is determined, driving the antenna mechanical structure to operate according to the angle information, so that the antenna mechanical structure and the electric wave beam are combined to point to the target, target capturing is completed, and then the tracking mode is switched from the target capturing mode.
The application also provides a target capturing device 10 based on beam clusters, comprising an array antenna 11, an antenna mechanical structure 12, an antenna control unit 13 and an array signal processor 14.
In one embodiment, the array antenna 11 is configured to receive a radio signal transmitted by a target, and output m digital signals after amplification, phase shifting, synthesis, AD and other processes. The array signal processor 14 constructs a beam cluster of the array antenna by performing phase shifting and beam forming processing on the m digital signals output from the array antenna 11, and detects p beam signals within the beam cluster. The array signal processor 14 also controls the beam cluster to scan in the airspace range of target search according to a preset target search mode, compares and judges q signal detection results in total of all scanning points, outputs target angle information, and realizes the rapid capture of high-speed low-flying targets in the airspace range. The antenna mechanism 12 includes an antenna azimuth mechanical axis and an antenna elevation mechanical axis. The antenna control unit 13 is used to control the operation of the antenna azimuth mechanical axis and the antenna elevation mechanical axis.
In one embodiment, array antenna 11 includes a number of sub-arrays, each sub-array including n antenna elements, n Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs), n radio frequency phase shifters, 1 combiner, 1 downconverter, and 1 analog to digital converter. And the antenna array element receives the target signal, and the target signal is amplified and radio-frequency phase-shifted by using a low-noise amplifier, a radio-frequency phase shifter and a synthesizer to synthesize one path of analog signal. Each path of analog signal generates a digital signal corresponding to each subarray through a down converter and an analog-to-digital converter.
In one embodiment, the target capturing apparatus 10 also satisfies the constraint conditions of the beam cluster forming process and the respective parameter indexes described in the beam cluster-based target capturing method, and the detailed description thereof may be referred to above, which is not repeated herein.
Compared with a phased array multi-beam line scanning method and a multi-point scanning method, the target capturing method and the target capturing device based on the beam clusters are better in expansibility and stronger in adaptability to high-dynamic targets. Compared with a digital phased array, the target capturing method and device based on the beam clusters reduce the number of channels from down conversion and AD to photoelectric conversion to 1/n, and after the number of the channels is reduced, the cost is reduced, the complexity of array surface structural design, heat dissipation design and signal synchronization is greatly reduced, and the engineering realization difficulty of a large-scale phased array is remarkably improved. Compared with an analog phased array, the target capturing method and device based on the beam clusters provided by the application have the advantages that multiple paths of radio frequency phase shifters are adopted for the analog phased array to achieve simultaneous multiple beams, the structure is complex, the number of formed beams is small, and the number of the beams formed simultaneously can be flexibly adjusted according to requirements.
The following describes the content of the present application with a specific case.
The target distance is 50km, the flying speed is 1.7km/s, the airspace range of target search is 20 degrees multiplied by 20 degrees, the ground measurement and control equipment adopts a 2m caliber phased array antenna, and the beam width theta of the directional pattern of the array surface 2 =0.4°, detection time t of multi-beam signal 1 Time of flight t of target in single beam =5 ms 2 =205 ms. And determining that the phase scanning range delta theta of the array antenna is 20 degrees according to the preset airspace range of target searching of 20 degrees multiplied by 20 degrees. The detection time t of the multi-beam signal with the airspace range of 20 degrees multiplied by 20 degrees according to the target search 1 =5 ms and the transit time t of the target in a single beam 2 The number of beams of the beam cluster is determined to be p=120 by=205 ms, and the beams are arranged according to the 3dB overlapping of the beams, and 120 beams can simultaneously cover a circular area of ±2°. Beam width theta according to the pattern of subarrays 1 Coverage area theta of beam cluster 3 And the pattern beam width theta of the antenna array element 0 Relationship between each other, determine the pattern beam width θ of the subarrays 1 =5°, the size of the subarray n=16. The beam cluster is controlled to rapidly slide in the airspace range of the target search according to the planning path, the scanning point number q=37, and the complete coverage of the airspace range of the target search can be realized. The time required for scanning the airspace range of the whole target search is q multiplied by t 1 185ms less than the target's transit time t in a single beam 2 . Therefore, as long as the target appears in the airspace range of the target search, the target can be captured by using the target capturing method and device based on the beam cluster.
The foregoing description of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be limiting. Several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may also be made by a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, based on the idea of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for capturing a target based on a beam cluster, comprising:
constructing a beam cluster by utilizing array element analog phase shifting and subarray digital phase shifting of the finite phase scanning array antenna;
determining multi-beam signal detection time t according to maximum flight speed of target, space distance of target and airspace range of target search 1 And minimum transit time t of the target in a single beam 2 To determine the size of the beam cluster;
the size of the beam cluster comprises the number p of beams of the beam cluster and the coverage area theta of the beam cluster 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Covering the spatial domain range of the target search according to the overlapping range of q wave beam clusters, and detecting the multi-wave beam signals of the q wave beam clusters by the time q multiplied by t 1 Less than or equal to the minimum transit time t of the target in a single beam 2 Determining the number of beams of the beam cluster and the coverage area of the beam cluster;
and then determining the directional pattern beam width theta of the antenna array elements according to the airspace range of target search 0 And pattern beam width θ of subarrays 1 The size of a single subarray in an array antenna is calculated using the following formula:
wherein n represents the number of array elements of a single subarray, θ 0 Is the beam width, theta of the directional pattern of the antenna array element 1 Is the pattern beam width of the subarray,representing the downward integer, n is a multiple of 4;
and scanning the beam cluster in the airspace range of target searching to realize rapid capturing of the high-speed low-flying target in the airspace range.
2. The beam cluster-based target capturing method according to claim 1, wherein the constructing the beam cluster using the array element analog phase shift and the subarray digital phase shift of the finite phase-scanned array antenna comprises:
the array surface of the array antenna comprises a plurality of subarrays, and each subarray comprises a plurality of antenna array elements;
acquiring radio signals received by each antenna array element in each subarray, amplifying and simulating the radio signals received by each antenna array element, and synthesizing the radio signals into one path of simulation signals;
acquiring an analog signal of each subarray, processing and analog-to-digital converting the analog signal of each subarray, and generating a digital signal corresponding to each subarray; determining phase shift values of digital signals corresponding to the subarrays according to the beam directions in the beam clusters; performing digital phase shifting and beam forming processing on the digital signals corresponding to each sub-array according to the phase shifting values, and generating a plurality of paths of signals; each path of signal corresponds to one wave beam of the array antenna, and a plurality of wave beams corresponding to the plurality of paths of signals form a wave beam cluster of the array antenna.
3. The method for capturing objects based on beam clusters according to claim 1, wherein the multi-beam signal detection time t is determined according to a maximum flying speed of the objects, a spatial distance of the objects, and a spatial range of object search 1 And the transit time t of the target in a single beam 2 Comprising:
obtaining the maximum distance of the space distance of the target to determine the gain of the array antenna, and determining the array plane directional diagram beam width theta of the array antenna according to the gain of the array antenna 2 ；
Determining the signal level received by the array antenna according to the maximum distance of the spatial distance of the target and the gain of the array antenna; determining multi-beam signal detection time t according to signal level received by the array antenna 1 ；
The minimum transit time of the target in a single beam is calculated using the following formula:
wherein t is 2 Represents the minimum transit time of the target in a single beam, d represents the maximum distance of the spatial distance of the target, θ 2 Representing the array plane directional diagram beam width of the array antenna, and v represents the maximum tangential flight speed of the target;
determining the pattern beam width theta of the antenna array elements according to the airspace range of the target search 0 And pattern beam width θ of subarrays 1 Comprising:
acquiring the airspace range of target search as delta A multiplied by delta E; wherein deltaa represents the search airspace azimuth range and deltae represents the search airspace pitch range;
determining the phase scanning range delta theta of the array antenna according to the fact that the phase scanning range delta theta of the array antenna is larger than or equal to the airspace range delta A multiplied by delta E of target searching;
according to the phase scanning range delta theta of the array antenna not smaller than the directional pattern beam width theta of the antenna array element 0 Determining the pattern beam width theta of the antenna array element 0 ；
According to the coverage area theta of the beam cluster 3 Pattern beam width θ of < subarray 1 < phase sweep range Δθ of array antenna, determining pattern beam width θ of the subarray 1 。
4. The beam cluster-based target capturing method according to claim 1, wherein the spatial distribution of the beam clusters adopts a triangular grid beam distribution manner.
5. The method for capturing objects based on beam clusters according to claim 1, wherein the scanning in the spatial domain of the object search by using the beam clusters to achieve fast capturing of high-speed low-flying objects in the spatial domain comprises:
acquiring an airspace range of target search and a preset target search mode;
acquiring a beam cluster of an array antenna, wherein the beam cluster scans in a space domain range of the target search according to the preset target search mode;
and driving the mechanical structure of the antenna to operate according to the scanning result, so that the mechanical axis of the antenna and the electric wave beam are combined to point to the target, and the target capturing is completed.
6. The beam cluster-based target capturing method according to claim 5, wherein driving the operation of the antenna mechanism according to the scan result so that the antenna mechanism axis and the electric beam are combined to be directed to the target, the target capturing is completed, comprising:
acquiring signal detection results and corresponding angle information of a beam cluster at each scanning point; comparing and selecting the maximum value in all signal detection results, comparing the maximum value with a preset threshold value, and outputting target capturing indication information when the maximum value is larger than the preset threshold value; wherein the angle information corresponding to the maximum value is the spatial position of the target;
and driving the antenna mechanical structure to operate according to the spatial position of the target, so that the antenna mechanical shaft and the electric wave beam are combined to point to the target, and target capturing is completed.
7. The method for capturing objects based on beam clusters as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preset object searching means includes a scanning path and a scanning rate of the beam clusters; the scanning path of the beam cluster adopts a spiral scanning mode from inside to outside; the scanning rate is based on the multi-beam signal detection time t 1 And (5) determining.
8. A beam cluster-based target capture device, comprising: an array antenna, an antenna mechanical structure, an antenna control unit and an array signal processor;
the array antenna comprises an array surface and an array surface, wherein the array surface of the array antenna comprises m subarrays, each subarray comprises n antenna array elements, the n antenna array elements receive n paths of analog signals, and the n paths of analog signals are synthesized into 1 path of analog signals after amplification and phase shifting, so that each subarray outputs 1 path of analog signals; performing down-conversion and analog-to-digital conversion on each path of analog signals, and then outputting digital signals correspondingly, so that an array surface of the array antenna outputs m paths of digital signals;
the antenna mechanical structure comprises an antenna azimuth mechanical axis and an antenna elevation mechanical axis;
the antenna control unit controls the operation of the antenna mechanical structure so as to lead the normal direction of the array antenna to point to the center of the airspace range of target searching, thereby capturing and tracking the target;
the array signal processor performs phase shifting and beam forming processing on the m paths of digital signals to generate a beam cluster of an array antenna, and detects beam signals in the beam cluster; wherein the beam cluster is formed by overlapping p beams;
the array signal processor controls the beam cluster to scan in a space domain range area of target searching according to a preset target searching mode, and compares signal detection results of all scanning points to determine target angle information so as to achieve target capturing.
9. The beam cluster-based target capture device of claim 8, wherein each subarray further comprises n low noise amplifiers, n radio frequency phase shifters, 1 combiner, 1 down converter, and 1 analog to digital converter.
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