CN117059460B - Anode target disk protection device and method for X-ray bulb tube - Google Patents
Anode target disk protection device and method for X-ray bulb tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN117059460B CN117059460B CN202311317336.6A CN202311317336A CN117059460B CN 117059460 B CN117059460 B CN 117059460B CN 202311317336 A CN202311317336 A CN 202311317336A CN 117059460 B CN117059460 B CN 117059460B
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- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 230000005461 Bremsstrahlung Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
- H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
- H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
- H01J35/101—Arrangements for rotating anodes, e.g. supporting means, means for greasing, means for sealing the axle or means for shielding or protecting the driving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/36—Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
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- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses an anode target disk protection device and method of an X-ray tube. The X-ray bulb tube comprises a cathode, an anode target disc, a rotor and a driving coil, wherein the anode target disc is fixedly connected with the rotor, and the driving coil is used for driving the rotor to drive the anode target disc to rotate; the anode target disc protection device comprises a detection and analysis module and a response module, wherein the detection and analysis module is connected with the response module, the response module is connected with the cathode, and the detection and analysis module is used for detecting the rotating speed of the anode target disc and sending a feedback adjustment signal to the response module when judging that the rotating speed of the anode target disc is reduced or zero; the response module is used for changing the working state of the cathode according to the feedback adjustment signal so as to avoid melting of the anode target disk. Through the device, the problem that protection can not be carried out in real time when the rotating speed is abnormal in the prior art is solved, so that automatic protection can be realized when the rotating speed of the anode is abnormal, and the melting and damage of the high-energy electron beam to the anode target disk are effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of X-ray tube, in particular to an anode target disk protection device and method of an X-ray tube.
Background
An X-ray tube is a radiation source of a CT apparatus, one of the most critical core components of the CT apparatus, and its main function is to generate X-rays. After the electrons emitted from the cathode in the bulb tube are accelerated, the electrons bombard the anode target disk by high-energy electrons, and the electrons generate X-rays in a bremsstrahlung mode. However, in this process, less than 1% of the electron energy is converted into X-rays, and the others are converted into heat energy, so that the anode target plate generates much heat during exposure, and the temperature of the anode target plate increases.
The existing bulb tube is cooled by using a rotating anode mode, and the coil is used for driving the anode with magnetism in vacuum to rotate in the production test process, so that the target disc is prevented from being heated too high, melted and damaged due to bombardment of high-energy electrons. However, during the actual production or testing of the bulb tube, there may be a situation that the rotation speed of the anode is reduced or the anode is directly jammed, and at this time, the distribution density of the electron beam on the focal track of the anode target disc is increased sharply, which increases the risk of producing melting of the anode target disc.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an anode target disk protection device and method for an X-ray bulb tube, which solve the existing problems, can realize automatic protection when the rotating speed of an anode is abnormal, and effectively avoid the melting and damage of high-energy electron beams to the anode target disk.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an anode target disk protection device for an X-ray tube, where the X-ray tube includes a cathode, an anode target disk, and a driving coil, where the anode target disk is fixedly connected to the rotor, and the driving coil is used to drive the rotor to rotate the anode target disk, so that electrons emitted from the cathode are emitted to different positions of the anode target disk;
the anode target disc protection device comprises a detection and analysis module and a response module, wherein the detection and analysis module is connected with the response module, the response module is connected with the cathode, and the detection and analysis module is used for detecting the rotating speed of the anode target disc and sending a feedback adjustment signal to the response module when judging that the rotating speed of the anode target disc is reduced or is zero;
the response module is used for changing the working state of the cathode according to the feedback adjustment signal so as to avoid melting of the anode target disk.
Optionally, the detection and analysis module includes a current collection unit and a data processing unit, the current collection unit is used for obtaining the current value of the driving coil in real time, and the data processing unit is used for judging the rotation speed change condition of the rotor according to the current value, and sending a feedback adjustment signal to the response module when judging that the rotation speed of the rotor is reduced or zero.
Optionally, the data processing unit determines that the rotation speed of the rotor is reduced or zero when detecting that the change rate of the current value exceeds a preset threshold.
Optionally, the anode target disc comprises a magnetic material, the detection and analysis module comprises a current acquisition unit and a data processing unit, the current acquisition unit is used for acquiring the current value of the driving coil in real time, and the data processing unit is used for judging the rotation speed change condition of the anode target disc according to the current value and sending a feedback adjustment signal to the response module when judging that the rotation speed of the anode target disc is reduced or zero.
Optionally, when detecting that the change rate of the current value exceeds a preset threshold, the data processing unit determines that the rotation speed of the anode target disc is reduced or zero.
Optionally, the current acquisition unit comprises a current sensor and a data acquisition unit, and the data processing unit comprises an analog-to-digital converter and an upper computer.
Optionally, the light emitting unit is arranged in the anode target disc, the detection analysis module comprises a photoelectric detection unit and a data processing unit, the photoelectric detection unit is used for detecting light emitted by the light emitting unit, and the data processing unit is used for judging the rotation speed change condition of the anode target disc according to a detection signal of the photoelectric detection unit and sending a feedback adjustment signal to the response module when judging that the rotation speed of the anode target disc is reduced or zero.
Optionally, the light emitting unit includes a fluorescent material.
Optionally, the response module includes a cathode control unit, and when the rotation speed of the anode target disc decreases or is zero, the cathode control unit changes the working state of the cathode in at least one of the following ways:
stopping the power supply of the cathode filament, and closing the electron beam emission;
adjusting the grid electric field at the cathode to change the focusing position of the electron beam;
and adjusting the electric field between the cathode and the anode, and reducing the energy when the electron beam collides with the anode target disk.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for protecting an anode target disk of an X-ray tube, which is executed by the above-mentioned anode target disk protecting device, and includes:
the detection and analysis module detects the rotating speed of the anode target disc;
the detection and analysis module judges whether the rotating speed of the anode target disk is reduced or becomes zero;
if yes, a feedback adjustment signal is sent to the response module;
and the response module changes the working state of the cathode according to the feedback adjustment signal so as to avoid the melting of the anode target disk.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the detection and analysis module is used for detecting the rotating speed generated when the anode target plate rotates in real time, the detection and analysis module is used for processing and analyzing the detected rotating speed data after detecting the rotating speed of the anode target plate, judging whether the rotating speed of the anode target plate is reduced or becomes zero, if the rotating speed of the anode target plate is reduced or becomes zero, the detection and analysis module is used for sending a feedback adjustment signal to the response module, and after receiving the feedback adjustment signal sent by the detection and analysis module, the response module is used for protecting the anode target plate, and the working state of the cathode can be changed according to the feedback adjustment signal, and particularly, the anode target plate can be protected by means of reducing the energy of electrons emitted by the cathode, stopping electron beams or scattering the electron beams, transferring focal tracks and the like, so that the anode target plate is prevented from being melted at high temperature. Through the device, the problem that the protection operation can not be accurately performed in real time when the rotating speed is abnormal in the prior art is solved, so that automatic protection can be realized when the rotating speed of the anode target disk is abnormal, and the melting and damage of the high-energy electron beam to the anode target disk are effectively avoided.
It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the description that follows.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode target disk protection device of an X-ray tube according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of mechanical characteristics of an asynchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode target disk protection device of an X-ray tube according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a method for protecting an anode target disk of an X-ray tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Examples
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode target disk protection device of an X-ray tube according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, the X-ray tube includes a cathode 16, an anode target disk 13, a rotor 15, and a driving coil 11, where the driving coil 11 is used to drive the rotor 15 to rotate the anode target disk 13, so that electrons emitted from the cathode 16 are emitted to different positions of a target surface 12 of the anode target disk 13; the anode target disk protection device comprises a detection and analysis module 2 and a response module 3, wherein the detection and analysis module 2 is connected with the response module 3, the response module 3 is connected with a cathode 16, the detection and analysis module 2 is used for detecting the rotating speed of an anode target disk 13, and sending a feedback adjustment signal 4 to the response module 3 when judging that the rotating speed of the anode target disk 13 is reduced or zero; the response module 3 is used for changing the working state of the cathode 16 according to the feedback adjustment signal 4 so as to avoid the anode target disk 13 from melting.
The X-ray tube is a vacuum diode operating under high voltage, the target surface 12 of the anode target disk 13 is mainly used for receiving electron current bombardment of high-speed movement, converting kinetic energy of electron beams into high-frequency electromagnetic waves, namely generating X-rays, and the cathode 16 is mainly used for emitting electrons and focusing, so that the electron beams striking on the target surface 12 of the anode target disk 13 have a certain shape and size.
Specifically, when the cathode 16 emits an electron beam to the target surface 12 of the anode target disk 13, the target surface 12 generates X-rays, and generates a large amount of heat to raise the temperature of the anode target disk 13, so that the driving coil 11 drives the anode target disk 13 to rotate by driving the rotor 15, so that electrons emitted from the cathode can be emitted to different positions of the target surface 12 of the anode target disk 13, during the rotation of the anode target disk 13, the detection and analysis module 2 detects the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 in real time and processes and analyzes the detected rotation speed data, when it is determined that the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 is reduced or zero, the detection and analysis module 2 sends a feedback adjustment signal 4 to the response module 3, and after the response module 3 receives the feedback adjustment signal 4, in order to protect the anode target disk 13, the response module 3 changes the working state of the cathode according to the feedback adjustment signal 4, and in particular, the anode target disk 13 can be protected by reducing the energy of the electrons emitted from the cathode, stopping the emission electron beam or the electron beam scattering to transfer the target surface 12, so as to avoid the high temperature melting of the anode target disk 13.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the detection and analysis module is used for detecting the rotating speed generated when the anode target plate rotates in real time, the detection and analysis module is used for processing and analyzing the detected rotating speed data after detecting the rotating speed of the anode target plate, judging whether the rotating speed of the anode target plate is reduced or becomes zero, if the rotating speed of the anode target plate is reduced or becomes zero, the detection and analysis module is used for sending a feedback adjustment signal to the response module, and after receiving the feedback adjustment signal sent by the detection and analysis module, the response module is used for protecting the anode target plate, and the working state of the cathode can be changed according to the feedback adjustment signal, and particularly, the anode target plate can be protected in a mode of reducing the energy of electrons emitted by the cathode, stopping emitting electron beams or scattering electron beams to enable focus tracks to be transferred, and the like, so that the anode target plate is prevented from being melted at high temperature. By the method, the problem that the existing method depends on manual detection and cannot accurately perform protection operation when the rotating speed is abnormal is solved, so that automatic protection can be realized when the rotating speed of the anode target disk is abnormal, and the melting and damage of the high-energy electron beam to the anode target disk are effectively avoided.
Optionally, the detection and analysis module 2 includes a current collecting unit 21 and a data processing unit 22, where the current collecting unit 21 is configured to obtain a current value of the driving coil 11 in real time, and the data processing unit 22 is configured to determine a change condition of the rotation speed of the rotor 15 according to the current value, and send a feedback adjustment signal 4 to the response module 3 when it is determined that the rotation speed of the rotor 15 is reduced or zero.
Specifically, the current collection unit 21 is configured to obtain the current value of the driving coil 11 in real time, and the theory of the current of the driving coil 11 may refer to the principle of the coil current of the asynchronous motor, specifically as follows:
FIG. 2 is a graph showing mechanical characteristics of an asynchronous motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is shown with reference to FIG. 2, wherein an anode target disk 13 in an X-ray tube drives a coil 11 andthe squirrel-cage asynchronous motor has the same driving mode, n 0 Indicating the rotational speed at no load, n 1 For the rotational speed corresponding to the maximum torque, the rotational speed is at n when the anode target disk 13 is operating normally 0 And n 1 Between them. When the anode target disk 13 is jammed or dead, the load is increased, the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 is reduced relative to the rotation speed in normal operation, namely the motor slip is increased, through the formulaWherein->Indicating the torque, < >>Indicating motor slip, constantAs a motor characteristic coefficient, it is known that the motor slip of the asynchronous motor increases, and the torque of the corresponding asynchronous motor increases. Referring to FIG. 2, at point A, maximum load torque M 2 Far greater than the stalling torque M 1 The stalling torque is torque generated at the moment of starting the asynchronous motor and represents the minimum torque required by starting the asynchronous motor; the maximum load torque is the maximum torque which can be born by the asynchronous motor in the rated working state, the maximum load torque comprises additional torque required for driving the load, the multiple relation between the maximum load torque and the stalling torque is related to factors such as design, manufacturing process, materials and cooling modes of the asynchronous motor, and different types and specifications of asynchronous motors can have certain differences, but in general, the maximum load torque is larger than the stalling torque and the multiple is between 2 and 3 times. Therefore, when the load torque is large, the asynchronous motor cannot drive the load to rotate, and the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 is lowered.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 3, when the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 decreases, it can be known that, for an asynchronous motor, the equivalent circuit is calculated:
wherein,for the supply voltage>、/>、/>Respectively a stator, a rotor and exciting current, +.>、/>、/>Respectively a stator, a rotor and an excitation resistor, < + >>、/>、/>Respectively a stator, a rotor and excitation inductive reactance, < ->For motor slip, ">For rotor speed,/-or->For no-load rotational speed>Is an inductance and->Is a constant value related to the constituent materials. It can be seen that the rotation speed increases when the load increasesReduced stator current->Depending on the motor slip +>Stator magnetic reactance->And rotor magnetic reactance->The impedance of the rotor branch is reduced, the excitation impedance is the inherent characteristic of the asynchronous motor and does not change along with the rotating speed, so when the power supply voltage is +>When the rotation speed is unchanged, the rotation speed is ∈ ->Reducing stator coil current->Will gradually increase.
As can be seen from the above theoretical knowledge, when the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 decreases, the current of the driving coil 11 increases, that is, when the anode target disk becomes stuck in a normal operation state or the rotation speed is low due to the stuck state, the load applies a larger resistance, at this time, the rotor 15 generates a larger torque to overcome the increased resistance, at this time, in order to adapt to the load change, the current of the coil also increases, so that the change condition of the rotation speed can be judged by acquiring the current value of the driving coil 11; in this embodiment, the current collecting unit 21 obtains the real-time value of the current of the driving coil 11 in the preset time period, after obtaining the real-time current of the driving coil 11, the obtained real-time current value is sent to the data processing unit 22, the data processing unit 22 processes and determines the received current value, and determines the rotation speed change condition of the rotor 15, if the obtained real-time current value gradually increases, it can be determined that the load of the anode target disk 13 is excessive at this moment, the rotation speed of the rotor 15 is reduced or zero, when it is determined that the rotation speed of the rotor 15 is reduced or zero, the plane of the target surface 12 on the anode target disk 13 is considered to have a melting risk, at this moment, the data processing unit 22 should send a feedback adjustment signal 4 to the response module 3 to adjust the working state of the cathode 16, so as to prevent the anode target disk 13 from melting at high temperature due to the excessive load.
Alternatively, the data processing unit 22 determines that the rotation speed of the rotor 15 is reduced or zero when detecting that the rate of change of the current value exceeds a preset threshold.
The preset threshold is a maximum range value which is set in advance and allows the change.
Specifically, the data processing unit 22 processes and determines the received real-time current value of the driving coil 11, and when detecting that the current value of the stator coil exceeds the preset threshold value within the preset time period, the data processing unit indicates that the current value of the stator coil exceeds the normal range within the time period, and indicates that the rotation speed of the rotor 15 is not n 0 And n 1 At this time, the data processing unit 22 may determine that the rotation speed of the rotor 15 is reduced or zero, and at the same time, the data processing unit 22 sends a feedback adjustment signal 4 to the response module 3 according to the determination result of the rotation speed of the rotor 15 to adjust the working state of the cathode 16, so as to prevent the anode target disk 13 from melting at high temperature due to excessive load.
Optionally, referring to fig. 1, the anode target disk 13 includes a magnetic material (not shown in fig. 1), the detection and analysis module 2 includes a current acquisition unit 21 and a data processing unit 22, the driving coil 11 generates an induced current when the anode target disk 13 rotates, the current acquisition unit 21 is configured to acquire a current value (including the driving current and the induced current) of the driving coil 11 in real time, and the data processing unit 22 is configured to determine a change condition of the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 according to the current value, and send a feedback adjustment signal 4 to the response module 3 when it is determined that the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 is reduced or zero.
Wherein the magnetic material is a material that can react to a magnetic field; the coil is an important electromagnetic element, and can convert electric energy into magnetic energy or magnetic energy into electric energy by utilizing electromagnetic induction phenomenon.
Specifically, the anode target disk 13 includes a magnetic material, and the driving coil 11 generates an induced current when the anode target disk 13 rotates under the action of the magnetic material, so that the change condition of the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 can be obtained and judged by detecting the total current generated when the anode target disk 13 rotates. Specifically, the current collection unit 21 is used for obtaining the value of the current in real time, the obtained real-time current value is sent to the data processing unit 22 through the current collection unit 21, the data processing unit 22 processes and judges according to the received induced current value, the rotation speed change condition of the anode target disk 13 is determined, if the obtained real-time induced current value is gradually increased, the anode target disk 13 can be judged to be excessively loaded at the moment, the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 is reduced or is zero, if the judgment that the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 is reduced or is zero, the surface of the target surface 12 on the anode target disk 13 is considered to have a melting risk, and at the moment, the data processing unit 22 sends a feedback adjustment signal 4 to the response module 3 to adjust the working state of the cathode 16, so that the anode target disk 13 is prevented from being melted at high temperature due to excessively loaded.
Alternatively, the data processing unit 22 determines that the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 is reduced or zero when detecting that the rate of change of the current value exceeds a preset threshold.
Specifically, the data processing unit 22 processes and determines the received real-time current value of the driving coil 11, and performs the detectionWhen the change rate of the measured current value exceeds the preset threshold value in the preset time period, the rotating speed of the anode target disk 13 is not n 0 And n 1 At this time, the data processing unit 22 can determine that the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 is reduced or zero, and then the data processing unit 22 sends a feedback adjustment signal 4 to the response module 3 according to the determination result of the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 to adjust the working state of the cathode 16, so as to prevent the anode target disk 13 from melting at high temperature due to oversized load.
Optionally, the current acquisition unit 21 includes a current sensor and a data acquisition unit, and the data processing unit 22 includes an analog-to-digital converter and an upper computer.
The current sensor is a detection device, can sense the information of the detected current, and can convert the information sensed by detection into an electric signal or other information output in a required form which meets the requirement of a certain standard according to a certain rule so as to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording, control and the like; the data acquisition device is used for acquiring and storing current data output by the current sensor; the analog-to-digital converter is an electronic component that converts an analog signal into a digital signal; the upper computer is a computer which can send out control instructions.
Specifically, the real-time current of the driving coil 11 can be obtained through a current sensor, the obtained current signal is transmitted to a matched data acquisition device, the data acquisition device acquires the received real-time current signal and automatically stores the received real-time current signal in a corresponding data collection group, meanwhile, the data acquisition device transmits stored current data to an analog-to-digital converter, the analog-to-digital converter processes and converts the received original current signal, converts the current signal into a digital signal, and sends the converted digital signal to an upper computer, the upper computer analyzes and processes the digital signal, and based on the detected real-time current signal, the rotating speed condition of the anode target disk 13 can be judged, if the rotating speed is reduced or the rotating speed is zero, the upper computer considers that the fusion risk exists on the plane of the target surface 12 on the anode target disk 13, and then the upper computer sends a feedback adjustment signal 4 to the response module 3 according to the rotating speed judgment result to adjust the working state of the cathode, so that the anode target disk 13 is prevented from being fused at high temperature due to overlarge load.
Optionally, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode target disc protection device of an X-ray tube according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 4, a light emitting unit (not shown in fig. 4) is built in the anode target disk 13, the detection and analysis module 2 includes a photoelectric detection unit 24 and a data processing unit 22, the photoelectric detection unit 24 is used for detecting light emitted by the light emitting unit, the data processing unit 22 is used for judging a rotation speed change condition of the anode target disk 13 according to a detection signal of the photoelectric detection unit 24, and when judging that the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 is reduced or zero, the feedback adjustment signal 4 is sent to the response module 3.
Optionally, the light emitting unit comprises a fluorescent material.
The light emitting unit is a unit capable of emitting light, and the fluorescent material is colorless or light white material formed by mixing metal (zinc, chromium) sulfide or rare earth oxide with a trace amount of active agent and calcining, and under the irradiation of ultraviolet light, the fluorescent material presents visible light with various colors according to the types and the contents of the metal and the active agent in the pigment.
Specifically, the anode target disk 13 includes a light emitting unit, which can emit different light, the photoelectric detection unit 24 can detect the emitted light, generate a light detection signal, transmit the signal detected by the photoelectric detection unit 24 to the data processing unit 22, the data processing unit 22 can process and analyze the light signal detected by the photoelectric detection unit 24, and determine the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 according to the light detection signal, when it is determined that the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 is reduced or zero, it is considered that there is a melting risk on the plane of the target surface 12 on the anode target disk 13, and at this time, the data processing unit 22 can send a feedback adjustment signal 4 to the response module 3 to adjust the working state of the cathode 16, so as to prevent the anode target disk 13 from melting at a high temperature due to an oversized load. Illustratively, the light-emitting unit specifically includes, but is not limited to, a fluorescent material.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 1, the response module 3 includes a cathode control unit 31, and when the rotational speed of the anode target disk 13 decreases or is zero, the cathode control unit 31 changes the operating state of the cathode 16 in at least one of the following ways: stopping the filament power supply of the cathode 16, and closing the electron beam emission; adjusting the electric field of the grid electrode 17 at the cathode to change the focusing position of the electron beam; the electric field between the cathode 16 and the anode is adjusted to reduce the energy of the electron beam when it hits the anode target disk 13.
Specifically, when the rotation speed of the anode target disk 13 decreases or is zero, the data processing unit 22 sends a feedback adjustment signal 4 to the response module 3 to adjust the working state of the cathode 16, and in order to prevent the anode target disk 13 from melting at high temperature due to excessive load, the cathode control unit 31 in the response module 3 generally adopts one or more modes to adjust the working state of the cathode 16, that is, 1) stops the filament power supply of the cathode 16, closes the electron beam emission, so that electrons are no longer generated by the cathode in a heat emission mode, and solves the melting phenomenon of the anode target disk 13 from the source; 2) The potential setting on the grid 17 at the cathode is adjusted, the electric field distribution of the grid 17 on the focusing or guiding track of the emergent electron beam is changed, the emergent electron beam is scattered in space and is not collided on the target surface 12 any more, or the focus of the electron beam on the anode target disk 13 is not distributed on the position of the target surface 12 any more, so that the X-ray emergent and imaging are not affected even if the anode target disk 13 is fused; 3) High voltage (about tens of kilovolts) is not added between the cathode 16 and the anode of the X-ray bulb tube, the response time of the high-voltage power supply can be quickly adjusted to be as low as microsecond, so that the electron beam collides with the target surface 12 of the anode target disk 13 in a low-energy mode when exiting, at the moment, the energy carried by the electron beam is small, and the generated heat is insufficient to melt the anode target disk 13, so that the risk of high-temperature melting of the anode target disk 13 can be solved, and the real-time protection of the anode target disk 13 is realized.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a protection method for the anode target disk of the X-ray tube. Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method for protecting an anode target disk of an X-ray tube according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the method is executed by any one of the anode target disk protecting devices described above with reference to fig. 5, and has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the executing device. Comprising the following steps:
s110, detecting and analyzing the rotating speed of the anode target disc by the detecting and analyzing module.
Specifically, when the cathode emits electron beams to the anode target plate, X-rays are generated on the anode target plate, and a large amount of heat is generated to enable the temperature of the anode target plate to rise, so that the driving coil drives the anode target plate to rotate through the driving rotor, electrons emitted from the cathode can be emitted to different positions of the anode target plate, and the detection and analysis module detects the rotating speed of the anode target plate in real time in the rotating process of the anode target plate.
S120, the detection and analysis module judges whether the rotating speed of the anode target disk is reduced or becomes zero.
Specifically, after the detection and analysis module detects the rotating speed of the anode target disc in real time, the detected rotating speed data is processed and analyzed to determine whether the rotating speed of the anode target disc is reduced or becomes zero.
And S130, if yes, sending a feedback adjustment signal to the response module.
Specifically, after the detection and analysis module processes and analyzes the rotation speed data, if it is determined that the rotation speed of the anode target disc is reduced or zero, the detection and analysis module sends a feedback adjustment signal to the response module.
Note that if not, S110 is continued.
And S140, the response module changes the working state of the cathode according to the feedback adjustment signal so as to avoid melting of the anode target disk.
Specifically, after the response module receives the feedback adjustment signal sent by the detection and analysis module, in order to protect the anode target disc, the response module changes the working state of the cathode according to the feedback adjustment signal, and specifically, the anode target disc can be protected by reducing the energy of electrons emitted from the cathode, stopping emitting electron beams or scattering the electron beams to transfer focal tracks, and the like, so that the anode target disc is prevented from melting due to high temperature.
The above embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alternatives are possible, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The anode target disc protection device of the X-ray tube is characterized by comprising a cathode, an anode target disc, a rotor and a driving coil, wherein the anode target disc is fixedly connected with the rotor, and the driving coil is used for driving the rotor to drive the anode target disc to rotate so as to enable electrons emitted by the cathode to be emitted to different positions of the anode target disc;
the anode target disc protection device comprises a detection and analysis module and a response module, wherein the detection and analysis module is connected with the response module, the response module is connected with the cathode, and the detection and analysis module is used for detecting the rotating speed of the anode target disc and sending a feedback adjustment signal to the response module when judging that the rotating speed of the anode target disc is reduced or is zero;
the response module is used for changing the working state of the cathode according to the feedback adjustment signal so as to avoid melting of the anode target disk.
2. The anode target disk protection device of an X-ray tube according to claim 1, wherein the detection and analysis module comprises a current acquisition unit and a data processing unit, the current acquisition unit is used for acquiring current values of the driving coil in real time, and the data processing unit is used for judging the rotation speed change condition of the rotor according to the current values and sending a feedback adjustment signal to the response module when judging that the rotation speed of the rotor is reduced or zero.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the data processing unit determines that the rotation speed of the rotor is reduced or zero when detecting that the rate of change of the current value exceeds a preset threshold.
4. The anode target disk protection device of the X-ray tube according to claim 1, wherein the anode target disk comprises a magnetic material, the detection and analysis module comprises a current acquisition unit and a data processing unit, the current acquisition unit is used for acquiring current values of the driving coil in real time, and the data processing unit is used for judging the rotation speed change condition of the anode target disk according to the current values and sending a feedback adjustment signal to the response module when judging that the rotation speed of the anode target disk is reduced or zero.
5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the data processing unit determines that the rotation speed of the anode target disk is reduced or zero when detecting that the rate of change of the current value exceeds a preset threshold.
6. The anode target disk protection device of an X-ray tube according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the current acquisition unit comprises a current sensor and a data acquisition unit, and the data processing unit comprises an analog-to-digital converter and an upper computer.
7. The anode target disk protection device of the X-ray tube according to claim 1, wherein the anode target disk is internally provided with a light emitting unit, the detection analysis module comprises a photoelectric detection unit and a data processing unit, the photoelectric detection unit is used for detecting light rays emitted by the light emitting unit, and the data processing unit is used for judging the rotation speed change condition of the anode target disk according to a detection signal of the photoelectric detection unit and sending a feedback adjustment signal to the response module when judging that the rotation speed of the anode target disk is reduced or zero.
8. The anode target disk protection apparatus of an X-ray tube of claim 7, wherein the light emitting unit comprises a fluorescent material.
9. The anode target disk protection device of an X-ray tube according to claim 1, wherein the response module comprises a cathode control unit, and when the rotation speed of the anode target disk is reduced or zero, the cathode control unit changes the working state of the cathode in at least one of the following ways:
stopping the power supply of the cathode filament, and closing the electron beam emission;
adjusting the grid electric field at the cathode to change the focusing position of the electron beam;
and adjusting the electric field between the cathode and the anode, and reducing the energy when the electron beam collides with the anode target disk.
10. An anode target disk protection method of an X-ray tube, characterized in that the method is performed by the anode target disk protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the anode target disk protection method comprises:
the detection and analysis module detects the rotating speed of the anode target disc;
the detection and analysis module judges whether the rotating speed of the anode target disk is reduced or becomes zero;
if yes, a feedback adjustment signal is sent to the response module;
and the response module changes the working state of the cathode according to the feedback adjustment signal so as to avoid the melting of the anode target disk.
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