CN117046025A - Slow-speed inhibition type aerosol fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Slow-speed inhibition type aerosol fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117046025A CN117046025A CN202310767656.5A CN202310767656A CN117046025A CN 117046025 A CN117046025 A CN 117046025A CN 202310767656 A CN202310767656 A CN 202310767656A CN 117046025 A CN117046025 A CN 117046025A
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- fire extinguishing
- aerosol fire
- extinguishing agent
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- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-tetrazol-5-amine Chemical compound NC1=NN=NN1 ULRPISSMEBPJLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 4
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JSOGDEOQBIUNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(azidomethyl)oxirane Chemical compound [N-]=[N+]=NCC1CO1 JSOGDEOQBIUNTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000852 azido group Chemical group *N=[N+]=[N-] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a slow-speed inhibition type aerosol fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the slow-speed inhibition type aerosol fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-70% of oxidant, 10-30% of reducing agent, 5-10% of adhesive and 5-10% of regulator; wherein; the adhesive is one or more of epoxy resin, poly azide glycidyl ether, poly nitrate glycidyl ether or alkenyl polyethylene glycol; the regulator is one or more of wood powder, bentonite or clay. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent can slow down the spraying speed of the agent by adding a proper amount of regulator. However, the amount of the regulator needs to be controlled to ensure that the gas production amount per unit time of the fire extinguishing agent is kept sufficient, and if the amount of the regulator is too large, the agent itself is difficult to ignite. The composite action formed by adding various adhesives in the invention can greatly improve the content of the adhesives, thereby achieving the effects of easy ignition, uniform gas production and low spraying speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fire extinguishment, and particularly relates to a slow-speed inhibition type aerosol fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aerosol fire extinguishing agent is a novel fire extinguishing agent, has the advantages of environmental protection, quick fire extinguishing, lasting effect, low price, wide fire extinguishing range and the like, and particularly has very low ozone depletion potential value (ODP) and greenhouse effect potential value (GWP), can be stored at normal pressure, has low engineering cost and is rapidly developed in recent years. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent is one kind of gunpowder, consists of oxidant, reductant and adhesive, and is produced into great amount of fire extinguishing medium through combustion reaction and distributed homogeneously in the protected space to extinguish fire through physical and chemical synergistic effect. After the aerosol enters the flame, the colloid particles are very small, and the specific surface area is very large, so that the aerosol is very easy to absorb heat from the flame to raise the temperature, after the aerosol reaches a certain temperature, the solid particles are melted and gasified until the aerosol is decomposed to absorb a large amount of heat, and the liquid droplets absorb heat and raise the temperature or gasify at the same time, so that the aerosol has long effective retention time, quick reaction and can be repeatedly performed, thereby having the capability of instantaneously extinguishing fire and effectively preventing the occurrence of secondary ignition.
The aerosol fire extinguishing agents commonly used in the market at present are quick agents, the fire extinguishing is pursued quickly, the agents are sprayed out completely in a short time, and the purposes of extremely high gas production in a short time and fire extinguishing in a total submerged mode are achieved.
In practical application, if factors such as semi-closed, slits, open air environment and the like are influenced by external conditions exist in the use environment, after the aerosol is completely submerged in a short time for extinguishing fire, the fire extinguishing concentration can be rapidly reduced, and the risk that the re-ignition condition cannot be inhibited or the fire is enlarged exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a slow-speed inhibition type aerosol fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof; can realize the aerosol fire extinguishing agent with low speed, duration and sufficient gas production, and achieves the effect of continuous fire extinguishment.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the slow-speed inhibition type aerosol fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60-70% of oxidant, 10-30% of reducing agent, 5-10% of adhesive and 5-10% of regulator.
Further, the oxidant is one or more of potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate.
Further, the reducing agent is one or more of dicyandiamide, urea or 5-aminotetrazole.
Further, the adhesive is a mixture of epoxy resin and one or more of polyazide glycidyl ether, poly nitrate glycidyl ether or alkenyl polyethylene glycol. Wherein the epoxy resin accounts for 4-8% of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
Further, the modifier is one or more of wood flour, bentonite or clay.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the slow-speed inhibition type aerosol fire extinguishing agent, which comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the raw materials, and uniformly mixing the raw materials according to a proportion;
s2, adding ethanol and deionized water into the material obtained in the step S1, and uniformly mixing;
and S3, granulating the materials obtained in the step S2 by using a screen, and drying to obtain the product.
Further, the screen mesh screened in the step S1 is 60-120 meshes, and the mixed raw materials are repeatedly screened and mixed by the screen mesh.
Further, the total addition amount of the ethanol and the deionized water in the S2 is 5-15% of the mass of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
Further, the screen mesh in the step S3 is 10-20 meshes.
Further, the temperature is 40-60 ℃ during drying, and the volatile content is less than 1%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
by adding a proper amount of regulator, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent reduces the burning speed of the agent itself and slows down the spraying speed of the agent. The amount of regulator needs to be controlled to ensure that the gas production per unit time of the extinguishing agent remains sufficient, and if the amount of regulator is too large, the agent itself is difficult to ignite. The invention adds the compound action of various adhesives, has high oxygen content and high oxygen content on the side chains of the group molecules such as azido, nitro and the like, can adjust the oxygen balance in the combustion process, can greatly reduce the use amount of other regulators, reduces the sensitivity of the medicines, can release more energy when in combustion, can be ignited after adding quantitative regulators, and thus achieves the effects of uniform gas production, slow spraying speed and easy ignition.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components: 70% oxidant (potassium nitrate); 15% reducing agent (urea); 8% adhesive (6% epoxy, 2% glycidyl azide ether); 7% modifier (2% wood flour, 5% clay).
Sieving the raw materials below 120 meshes respectively, weighing the sieved raw materials according to a certain mass ratio, premixing the sieved raw materials, and repeatedly dispersing and sieving for multiple times by using a 120-mesh sieve. And adding a mixed solution of ethanol with the mass ratio of 5% and water with the mass ratio of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent into the uniformly mixed dry material as a solvent, and uniformly mixing to enable the adhesive to be fully dissolved and dispersed. Sieving the mixed wet materials, and granulating to below 20 meshes. Transferring the granulated bulk drug into a drying room, setting the temperature to be 50-60 ℃, and drying until the volatile content is less than 1%, thus obtaining the aerosol fire extinguishing agent A1. The extinguishing agent is pressed into a grain, the bare grain is sprayed and tested, and a wood pile fire A type extinguishing experiment is carried out according to UL Standard for Safety Fixed Condensed Aerosol Extinguishing System Units (UL 2775 2019-07 fixed condensation aerosol extinguishing system device standard).
Example 2
The fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components: 65% oxidant (potassium perchlorate); 23% reducing agent (dicyandiamide); 6% adhesive (5% epoxy, 1% polyglycidyl nitrate ether); 6% of modifier (1% of wood flour, 5% of bentonite).
An aerosol fire extinguishing agent A2 was prepared in the manner of example 1, the fire extinguishing agent was pressed into a cartridge, and a spray test was performed on the bare cartridge.
Example 3
The fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components: 60% oxidant (60% potassium chlorate); 30% reducing agent (30% 5-aminotetrazole); 5% binder (4% epoxy resin, 1% alkenyl polyethylene glycol); 5% modifier (2% clay, 3% bentonite).
An aerosol fire extinguishing agent A3 was prepared in the manner of example 1, the fire extinguishing agent was pressed into a cartridge, and a spray test was performed on the bare cartridge.
Example 4
The fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components: 70% oxidant (50% potassium nitrate, 20% sodium nitrate); 15% reducing agent (dicyandiamide); 8% adhesive (4% epoxy, 2% polyglycidyl azide ether, 2% polyglycidyl nitrate ether); 7% of regulator (2% of wood flour, 5% of bentonite).
An aerosol fire extinguishing agent A4 was prepared in the manner of example 1, pressed into a cartridge, and the bare cartridge was subjected to a spray test.
Example 5
The fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components: 70% oxidizer (50% sodium nitrate, 20% potassium chlorate); 15% reducing agent (10% urea, 5%5-aminotetrazole); 8% adhesive (6% epoxy, 2% polyglycidyl nitrate ether); 7% regulator (bentonite).
An aerosol fire extinguishing agent A5 was prepared in the manner of example 1, pressed into a cartridge, and the bare cartridge was subjected to a spray test.
Comparative example 1
The fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components: 70% oxidant (70% potassium nitrate); 22% reductant (22% urea); 8% adhesive (8% epoxy).
An aerosol fire extinguishing agent B1 was prepared in the manner of example 1, the fire extinguishing agent was pressed into a cartridge, and a spray test was performed on the bare cartridge.
Comparative example 2
The fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components: 70% oxidant (70% potassium nitrate); 15% reducing agent (15% urea); 8% adhesive (8% epoxy); 7% modifier (2% wood flour, 5% clay).
An aerosol fire extinguishing agent B2 was prepared in the manner of example 1, the fire extinguishing agent was pressed into a cartridge, and a spray test was performed on the bare cartridge.
Comparative example 3
The fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components: 70% oxidant (potassium nitrate); 22% reducing agent (urea); 8% adhesive (6% epoxy, 2% glycidyl azide ether).
An aerosol fire extinguishing agent B3 was prepared in the manner of example 1, the fire extinguishing agent was pressed into a cartridge, and a spray test was performed on the bare cartridge.
Comparative example 4
The fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components: 65% oxidant (65% potassium perchlorate); 23% reducing agent (dicyandiamide); 6% binder (6% polyglycidyl nitrate ether); 6% of modifier (1% of wood flour, 5% of bentonite).
An aerosol fire extinguishing agent B4 was prepared in the manner of example 1, the fire extinguishing agent was pressed into a cartridge, and a spray test was performed on the bare cartridge.
The performance characterization data for the aerosol fire extinguishing agents obtained in the above examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
The examples and comparative examples in the above table data show the different experimental results of the spray test and the battle fire a fire extinguishing test performed on the example aerosol fire extinguishing agent and the comparative example aerosol fire extinguishing agent. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent without the composite adhesive can be re-combusted within 1min after a fire extinguishing test is carried out, the aerosol fire extinguishing agent can not be ignited after a certain proportion of the regulator is added, and the embodiment can solve the problem of difficult ignition caused by adding the higher regulator by adding the energy-containing adhesive for composite use, has higher energy content, has certain advantages compared with the comparative example, realizes the advantages of easy ignition, stable combustion process and sufficient gas yield of the medicament, and achieves the effects of continuous fire extinguishing and preventing re-combustion.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical idea and features of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments. Within the technical scope of the present disclosure, the technical solution and the invention concept according to the present disclosure are equivalent to or improved from the above description, and all the equivalent changes or modifications are included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The slow-speed inhibition type aerosol fire extinguishing agent is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 60-70% of oxidant, 10-30% of reducing agent, 5-10% of adhesive and 5-10% of regulator.
2. The flameless aerosol fire suppression agent of claim 1, wherein: the oxidant is one or more of potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate.
3. The flameless aerosol fire suppression agent of claim 1, wherein: the reducing agent is one or more of dicyandiamide, urea or 5-aminotetrazole.
4. The flameless aerosol fire suppression agent of claim 1, wherein: the adhesive is a mixture of epoxy resin and one or more of polyazide glycidyl ether, poly nitrate glycidyl ether or alkenyl polyethylene glycol.
5. The flameless aerosol fire suppression agent of claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the epoxy resin in the aerosol fire extinguishing agent is 4-8%.
6. The flameless aerosol fire suppression agent of claim 1, wherein: the regulator is one or more of wood powder, bentonite or clay.
7. The method for preparing the slow-release inhibition type aerosol fire extinguishing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, sieving the raw materials, and uniformly mixing the raw materials according to a proportion;
s2, adding ethanol and deionized water into the material obtained in the step S1, and uniformly mixing;
and S3, granulating the materials obtained in the step S2 by using a screen, and drying to obtain the product.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein: the screen mesh screened in the step S1 is 60-120 meshes, and the mixed raw materials are repeatedly screened and mixed by using the screen mesh.
9. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein: the total addition amount of the ethanol and the deionized water in the S2 is 5-15% of the mass of the aerosol fire extinguishing agent.
10. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein: s3, screening with a screen mesh of 10-20 meshes; and (3) drying at 40-60 ℃ until the volatile content is below 1%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310767656.5A CN117046025A (en) | 2023-06-27 | 2023-06-27 | Slow-speed inhibition type aerosol fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310767656.5A CN117046025A (en) | 2023-06-27 | 2023-06-27 | Slow-speed inhibition type aerosol fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|
| CN117046025A true CN117046025A (en) | 2023-11-14 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310767656.5A Pending CN117046025A (en) | 2023-06-27 | 2023-06-27 | Slow-speed inhibition type aerosol fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2089901A1 (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1993-08-22 | Zinovy Petrovich Pak | Aerosol-producing fire extinguishant |
| US5518638A (en) * | 1991-02-05 | 1996-05-21 | Buil; Jurgen | Fire extinguishing and protection agent |
| CN101638350A (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2010-02-03 | 江西三星气龙新材料股份有限公司 | Smoke generating agent for fire drill |
| CN104847400A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-08-19 | 徐州赛孚瑞科高分子材料有限公司 | Fire preventing and extinguishing method by injecting high-water-content foaming materials into underground coal mine goaf |
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-
2023
- 2023-06-27 CN CN202310767656.5A patent/CN117046025A/en active Pending
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| Title |
|---|
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