CN116950661A - Deep sea mining plume inhibition device and method based on carbon dioxide emulsion - Google Patents
Deep sea mining plume inhibition device and method based on carbon dioxide emulsion Download PDFInfo
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- CN116950661A CN116950661A CN202311125059.9A CN202311125059A CN116950661A CN 116950661 A CN116950661 A CN 116950661A CN 202311125059 A CN202311125059 A CN 202311125059A CN 116950661 A CN116950661 A CN 116950661A
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000405070 Percophidae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- VTVVPPOHYJJIJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=C=O VTVVPPOHYJJIJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003954 umbilical cord Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 carbon dioxide cation Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDIPRYKTRRRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-M docosyl(trimethyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C CDIPRYKTRRRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C50/00—Obtaining minerals from underwater, not otherwise provided for
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a deep sea mining plume inhibition device and method based on carbon dioxide emulsion, comprising a carbon dioxide storage unit, an emulsifying unit, an emulsion injection unit and an electric control unit, wherein the emulsifying unit comprises a pressurizing mechanism, a seawater supply mechanism, an active agent supply mechanism and an emulsifying container, a stirring mechanism is arranged in the emulsifying container, and the carbon dioxide storage unit is connected with the emulsifying container through the pressurizing mechanism. One end of the seawater feeding mechanism is connected with the outside, the other end is connected with the emulsifying container, and the active agent feeding mechanism is connected with the emulsifying container. The emulsion injection unit comprises an emulsion conveying pipe and three groups of emulsion nozzles, the emulsion conveying pipe is connected with the emulsion container, the two groups of emulsion nozzles are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the emulsion conveying pipe, and the other group of emulsion nozzles are arranged on the rear side of the emulsion conveying pipe. The invention uses the water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion to form a covering layer, presses the plume to quickly subside to the deep sea bottom, and the carbon dioxide forms hydrate with pore water of sediment and stays on the sea bottom for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine environment treatment, in particular to a deep sea mining plume inhibition device and method based on carbon dioxide emulsion.
Background
Deep sea polymetallic nodules are important sources of strategic metals such as manganese, cobalt, nickel, lithium and the like, and are deposited on the surface layer of the seabed at a water depth of 4000-6000 meters. The multi-metal nodules such as potatoes are in a planar distribution rule, the occurrence topography is a relatively flat seafloor plains or basins, and the seafloor crawler is the mine collection device with the most commercialized prospect at present. In the operation process of the crawler-type mine collecting vehicle, water jet impact ore collection and vehicle running can disturb the seabed soft substrate, so that deposited particles float upwards and diffuse to form plumes. Once the plume is formed, it can spread over thousands of kilometers, and the fine particles carried in the plume can cause choking and massive death of the seafloor organisms, severely damaging the ecosystem.
Aiming at the problem of deep sea mining plumes, chinese patent CN215977448U discloses a disturbance plumes suppression device of a deep sea mine car, which comprises a particle separator, a high-suction deep sea high-pressure pump, a plumes suction port and a pipeline, wherein the high-pressure pump generates suction to suck plumes into the suction port, and the particles are separated and compacted in the particle separator and then discharged to the sea bottom. Chinese patent CN115653608B discloses a carbon dioxide-based deep sea mining plume inhibition and sealing device and method, which comprises a plume collecting unit, a pumping tube group, a separation sedimentation unit and a solidification discharge unit, wherein during operation, the plume is sucked into a solidification sedimentation bin, solidified by using liquid carbon dioxide and discharged to the sea bottom. Both prior patents use a pumping method to guide the plume into the vehicle body for further treatment, but the pumping process itself can cause the change of the submarine flow field, and the plume influence range can be further expanded. Accordingly, there is a need for further improvements in the art of plume suppression.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a deep sea mining plume inhibition device based on carbon dioxide emulsion, which solves the problems that a mine collecting vehicle generates plume in jet collection and walking processes, serious damage is caused to the marine environment and the subsequent deep sea mining operation cannot be performed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the deep sea mining plume suppression device based on the carbon dioxide emulsion comprises a carbon dioxide storage unit, an emulsifying unit, an emulsion injection unit and an electric control unit, wherein the carbon dioxide storage unit comprises a relay bin and an umbilical pipeline which are arranged on a mining vehicle, and the relay bin can be connected with a preparation unit for performing dioxide formation on a mother ship supported on the water surface through the umbilical pipeline.
The emulsifying unit comprises a pressurizing mechanism, a seawater feeding mechanism, an active agent feeding mechanism and an emulsifying container, wherein the emulsifying container is internally provided with a stirring mechanism, and the outlet end of the relay bin is communicated with the inside of the emulsifying container through the pressurizing mechanism.
The seawater feeding mechanism is positioned at one side of the emulsifying container, one end of the seawater feeding mechanism is connected with the outside, and the other end of the seawater feeding mechanism is connected with the inside of the emulsifying container, so that filtered seawater can be sent into the emulsifying container.
The active agent feeding mechanism is connected with the emulsifying container and is used for feeding the surfactant into the emulsifying container.
The emulsion injection unit comprises an emulsion conveying pipe and three groups of emulsion nozzles, the emulsion conveying pipe is connected with the emulsion container, the emulsion conveying pipe is wrapped on the outer side of the ore temporary storage box, and the left side and the right side of the emulsion conveying pipe transversely extend outwards to form an extension part.
The two groups of emulsion nozzles are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the emulsion conveying pipe, the other group of emulsion nozzles are arranged at the rear side of the emulsion conveying pipe, and in a working state, the water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion prepared by the emulsifying container is sprayed to the periphery of the mining vehicle through the emulsion nozzles.
Further, the relay bin is fixedly arranged in the ore temporary storage box, one end of the umbilical cord pipeline is connected with the top of the relay bin, the other end of the umbilical cord pipeline is connected with the dioxygenation preparation unit on the water surface support mother ship, and the relay bin receives and stores carbon dioxide from the water surface support mother ship through the umbilical cord pipeline.
Further, the pressurizing mechanism comprises a pressurizing pump and a high-pressure tank body, wherein the high-pressure tank body is arranged inside the ore temporary storage box and is connected and communicated with the outlet end of the relay bin through a first pipeline.
The booster pump is arranged on the first pipeline, and the signal end of the booster pump is in communication connection with the electronic control unit.
The high-pressure tank body is connected with the emulsifying container pipeline, a first flow valve is arranged between the high-pressure tank body and the emulsifying container, and a signal end of the first flow valve is communicated with the electronic control unit.
Further, the active agent supply mechanism comprises an active agent storage tank and a star-shaped feeding valve, wherein the inlet of the active agent storage tank is connected with the water surface support mother ship, and the outlet of the active agent storage tank is connected with the emulsifying container through the star-shaped feeding valve.
The star-shaped feeding valve is provided with a servo motor, and a signal end of the servo motor is in communication connection with the electronic control unit.
Further, the seawater supply mechanism comprises an input pipe, a suction pump and a seawater filter, one end of the input pipe is communicated with the outside seawater, and the other end of the input pipe is connected with the middle part of the emulsifying container through the seawater filter.
The suction pump is arranged on the input pipe, and the signal end of the suction pump is in communication connection with the electronic control unit.
Further, the main body part of the emulsion conveying pipe is of a U-shaped structure which is horizontally arranged, the main body part is fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the ore temporary storage box, and the extending parts positioned on the two sides are respectively connected with the left side and the right side of the front end of the main body part to form an integrated structure.
Each group of emulsion nozzles comprises a plurality of emulsion nozzles which are arranged at intervals in a linear sequence, the front end of each emulsion nozzle is connected and communicated with the rear side wall of the emulsion conveying pipe, and the rear end of each emulsion nozzle is of a duckbill structure with a linear opening.
Further, the extending parts on two sides of the emulsion conveying pipe are distributed symmetrically left and right and fixedly connected with the mining vehicle through the support, and the extending parts on each side are formed by connecting a horizontal section and an inclined section.
The length extension direction of each emulsion nozzle linear opening is consistent with the axial direction of the emulsion conveying pipe at the joint of each emulsion nozzle linear opening.
Another object of the invention is to propose a deep sea mining plume inhibition method. The deep sea mining plume inhibition method adopts the deep sea mining plume inhibition device based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, and comprises the following steps:
step one, a water surface support mother ship pumps a surfactant through an umbilical pipeline to supply the surfactant into a mechanism for internal storage, and a preparation unit for performing oxidation is used for continuously pumping the prepared gaseous carbon dioxide into a relay bin through the umbilical pipeline, and collecting and temporarily storing the gaseous carbon dioxide in the relay bin.
Step two, the gaseous carbon dioxide in the relay bin enters a pressurizing mechanism, the pressurizing mechanism pressurizes the gaseous carbon dioxide to more than 10MPa, so that the gaseous carbon dioxide becomes liquid carbon dioxide, and temporary storage is carried out for later use.
And thirdly, the liquid carbon dioxide prepared in the second step enters an emulsifying container, and external seawater is pumped into the emulsifying container after being filtered.
And the surfactant stored in the surfactant feeding mechanism enters the emulsifying container through a pipeline, meanwhile, hydrophobic particles are added into the emulsifying container, and the liquid carbon dioxide, the seawater, the surfactant and the hydrophobic particles are fully stirred in the emulsifying container according to a set proportion, so that the water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion is obtained.
And fourthly, the water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion reaches each emulsion nozzle through an emulsion conveying pipe, is sprayed to the outside in a face spraying mode through the emulsion nozzles, and forms a continuous emulsion coating layer above the plumes.
And fifthly, under the action of gravity, the emulsion coating layer is settled downwards, the water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion adsorbs particles in the plume, the plume is covered on the seabed, and the plume is prevented from being diffused.
Further, the surfactant adopts cationic surfactant, and the liquid carbon dioxide, the seawater, the surfactant and the hydrophobic particles in the step three are sequentially (70-90) according to the volume ratio: (30-60): (4-9): (1-2) adding into an emulsifying container. The stirring mechanism adopts a screw stirring paddle, and the rotating speed of the screw stirring paddle is 800 rpm-1500 rpm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the invention uses the water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion to form the coating, and the plume is pressed under the emulsion coating with higher density to quickly settle, so that the overflow and diffusion of the plume can be effectively inhibited.
2. The invention adopts the cationic carbon dioxide emulsion, can adsorb plume particles with higher anion concentration, and a small part of escaping plume particles are attracted by charges and are attached to the surface of the emulsion cover layer and are along with emulsion sedimentation.
3. After the plume is inhibited by the carbon dioxide emulsion, the carbon dioxide emulsion is settled to the deep sea bottom, and under the long-term dissolution of seawater, the carbon dioxide is combined with water in sediment pores to generate chemical reaction, and the chemical reaction is kept on the sea bottom for a long time after generating hydrate, so that the deep sea carbon sealing and storage are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a deep sea mining plume abatement device based on carbon dioxide emulsion of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the deep sea mining plume suppression device based on carbon dioxide emulsion of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a portion of the present invention of fig. 1, showing an emulsion nozzle.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a deep sea mining plume abatement method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
embodiment 1, with reference to fig. 1 to 3, a deep sea mining plume suppression device based on carbon dioxide emulsion comprises a carbon dioxide storage unit, an emulsifying unit, an emulsion injection unit and an electric control unit, wherein the carbon dioxide storage unit comprises a relay bin 11 and an umbilical pipeline 12 which are arranged on a mining vehicle, the relay bin 11 is fixedly arranged inside an ore temporary storage box 101, and the relay bin 11 can be connected with a dioxygenation preparation unit on a mother ship supported on the water surface through the umbilical pipeline 12. The front end of the mining vehicle is provided with a collecting head 103, the left side and the right side of the mining vehicle are provided with two crawler traveling units 102 which are symmetrically arranged, and plumes are from the two crawler traveling units 102 which are excited and spread outwards in the process of traveling of the mining vehicle, and the collecting head 103 is in jet flow.
One end of the umbilical line 12 is connected to the top of the relay tank 11, and the other end is connected to a unit for preparing the dioxide on the surface support mother ship, and the relay tank 11 receives and stores carbon dioxide from the surface support mother ship through the umbilical line 12. The electric control unit comprises a controller, and the controller adopts a PLC controller existing in the prior art.
The emulsifying unit comprises a pressurizing mechanism, a seawater feeding mechanism, an active agent feeding mechanism and an emulsifying container 2, wherein a stirring mechanism 21 is arranged in the emulsifying container 2, and the outlet end of the relay bin 11 is connected and communicated with the inside of the emulsifying container 2 through the pressurizing mechanism.
The pressurizing mechanism comprises a pressurizing pump 32 and a high-pressure tank body 31, wherein the high-pressure tank body 31 is arranged inside the ore temporary storage box 101 and is connected and communicated with the outlet end of the relay bin 11 through a first pipeline 33. The booster pump 32 is disposed on the first pipeline 33, and its signal terminal is communicatively connected to the electronic control unit. The high-pressure tank body 31 is connected with the pipeline of the emulsifying container 2, a first flow valve 34 is arranged between the high-pressure tank body 31 and the emulsifying container 2, and a signal end of the first flow valve 34 is in communication connection with the electronic control unit. The pressurizing mechanism is used for pressurizing and enhancing the phase change of the carbon dioxide from the gas state to the liquid state
The seawater feeding mechanism is positioned at one side of the emulsifying container 2, one end of the seawater feeding mechanism is connected with the outside, the other end of the seawater feeding mechanism is connected with the inside of the emulsifying container 2, and filtered seawater can be sent into the emulsifying container 2. Specifically, the seawater supply mechanism comprises an input pipe 41, a suction pump and a seawater filter 42, wherein one end of the input pipe 41 is communicated with the outside seawater, and the other end of the input pipe is connected with the middle part of the emulsifying container 2 through the seawater filter 42. The suction pump is arranged on the input pipe 41, and the signal end of the suction pump is in communication connection with the electronic control unit.
The active agent supply mechanism is connected to the emulsification vessel 2, and supplies the surfactant into the emulsification vessel 2. The active agent supply mechanism includes an active agent storage tank 51 and a star-shaped feed valve 52, the inlet of the active agent storage tank 51 is connected to the surface support mother ship, and the outlet thereof is connected to the emulsification vessel 2 through the star-shaped feed valve 52. The star-shaped feed valve 52 is provided with a servo motor, and a signal end of the servo motor is in communication connection with the electronic control unit.
The emulsion injection unit comprises an emulsion conveying pipe 61 and three groups of emulsion nozzles 62, wherein the emulsion conveying pipe 61 is connected with the emulsifying container 2, is wrapped on the outer side of the ore temporary storage box 101, and transversely extends outwards on the left side and the right side to form an extension part. The main body of the emulsion conveying pipe 61 is of a horizontally arranged U-shaped structure, the main body is fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the ore temporary storage box 101, and the extending parts on the two sides are respectively connected with the left side and the right side of the front end of the main body to form an integrated structure.
Each group of emulsion nozzles 62 comprises a plurality of emulsion nozzles 62 which are arranged at intervals in a linear sequence, the front end of each emulsion nozzle 62 is communicated with the rear side wall of the emulsion conveying pipe 61, and the rear end of each emulsion nozzle is of a duckbill structure with a linear opening.
Two groups of emulsion nozzles 62 are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the emulsion conveying pipe 61, and the other group of emulsion nozzles 62 are arranged at the rear side of the emulsion conveying pipe 61, and in the working state, the water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion prepared by the emulsifying container 2 is sprayed to the periphery of the mining vehicle through the emulsion nozzles 62.
The extending parts on two sides of the emulsion conveying pipe 61 are distributed symmetrically left and right and fixedly connected with the mining vehicle through a bracket, and the extending parts on each side are formed by connecting a horizontal section and an inclined section. The length extending direction of the linear opening of each emulsion nozzle 62 is the same as the axial direction of the emulsion conveying pipe 61 at the joint thereof.
Embodiment 2, with reference to fig. 1 to 4, a deep sea mining plume suppression method, using the above deep sea mining plume suppression device based on carbon dioxide emulsion, includes the following steps:
step one, the surface support mother ship pumps the surfactant through the umbilical line 12 to supply the surfactant into the mechanism for internal storage, and simultaneously the preparation unit continuously pumps the prepared gaseous carbon dioxide into the relay bin 11 through the umbilical line 12 and collects and stores the gaseous carbon dioxide in the relay bin 11 temporarily.
Step two, the gaseous carbon dioxide in the relay bin 11 enters a pressurizing mechanism, and the pressurizing mechanism pressurizes the gaseous carbon dioxide to more than 10MPa, so that the gaseous carbon dioxide becomes liquid carbon dioxide, and temporary storage is carried out for later use.
And thirdly, the liquid carbon dioxide prepared in the second step enters the emulsifying container 2, and external seawater is pumped into the emulsifying container 2 after being filtered.
And the surfactant stored in the active agent feeding mechanism enters the emulsifying container 2 through a pipeline, meanwhile, hydrophobic particles are added into the emulsifying container 2, the liquid carbon dioxide, the seawater, the surfactant and the hydrophobic particles are fully stirred in the emulsifying container 2 according to a set proportion, and a stirring paddle is used for stirring to accelerate the liquid carbon dioxide emulsifying process, so that the carbon dioxide water-in-water type cationic emulsion is obtained.
Specifically, as the surfactant, cationic surfactants are used, preferably, behenyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.
The liquid carbon dioxide, the seawater, the surfactant and the hydrophobic particles in the third step are sequentially (70-90) according to the volume ratio: (30-60): (4-9): (1-2) into an emulsification vessel 2. The stirring mechanism 21 adopts a screw propeller, and the rotating speed of the screw propeller is 800 rpm-1500 rpm.
Step four, the carbon dioxide water-in-water type cationic emulsion reaches each emulsion nozzle 62 through the emulsion conveying pipe 61, and is sprayed to the outside in a surface spraying manner through the emulsion nozzles 62, so that a continuous emulsion coating layer is formed above the plumes.
And fifthly, under the action of gravity, the emulsion coating layer is settled downwards, the water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion adsorbs particles in the plume, the plume is covered on the seabed, and the plume is prevented from being diffused. By utilizing the high density characteristic and charge adsorptivity of the carbon dioxide cation emulsion, on one hand, a continuous cover layer is formed to downwards press the plumes to be settled, on the other hand, the plumes particles are adsorbed to inhibit the plumes from diffusing
The carbon dioxide emulsion is released into the sea water, the adsorption plume particles are settled to the sea bottom and stay on the surface of the submarine sediment for a short time. In the emulsion structure, carbon dioxide is wrapped on the outer layer of water molecules. Under the long-term dissolution of seawater, the emulsion structure is gradually destroyed, and carbon dioxide molecules on the outer layer are directly contacted with the seabed sediment. Depending on the nature of the carbon dioxide hydrate, carbon dioxide will rob strongly bound water in the sediment pores and form carbon dioxide hydrate by chemical reaction. During the reaction, the carbon dioxide hydrate will erode into the pores of the subsea sediment, replacing the water molecules filling the pores and cementing the sediment particles.
The carbon sequestration mode in the invention mainly utilizes the higher density characteristic of carbon dioxide emulsion and the dissolution characteristic of carbon dioxide sediment. In the deep sea 4000-6000 m water depth environment, the density of liquid carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide emulsion is higher than that of local sea water, the sinking trend is shown under the action of gravity, and the risk of carbon sealing leakage is small. The carbon dioxide emulsion is a water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion, and after the emulsion is settled to the sea floor, the carbon dioxide which is positioned at the outer layer of the water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion structure is gradually dissolved and permeates into the sediment to be stably cemented with sediment particles, so that long-term carbon sealing and storage in deep sea are realized.
The parts not described in the invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The deep sea mining plume suppression device based on the carbon dioxide emulsion is characterized by comprising a carbon dioxide storage unit, an emulsifying unit, an emulsion injection unit and an electric control unit, wherein the carbon dioxide storage unit comprises a relay bin and an umbilical pipeline which are arranged on a mining vehicle, and the relay bin can be connected with a preparation unit for performing dioxide conversion on a mother ship supported on the water surface through the umbilical pipeline;
the emulsifying unit comprises a pressurizing mechanism, a seawater feeding mechanism, an active agent feeding mechanism and an emulsifying container, wherein the emulsifying container is internally provided with a stirring mechanism, and the outlet end of the relay bin is communicated with the inside of the emulsifying container through the pressurizing mechanism;
the seawater feeding mechanism is positioned at one side of the emulsifying container, one end of the seawater feeding mechanism is connected with the outside, and the other end of the seawater feeding mechanism is connected with the inside of the emulsifying container, so that filtered seawater can be sent into the emulsifying container;
the active agent feeding mechanism is connected and communicated with the emulsifying container and is used for feeding the surfactant into the emulsifying container;
the emulsion injection unit comprises an emulsion conveying pipe and three groups of emulsion nozzles, the emulsion conveying pipe is connected with the emulsion container, the emulsion conveying pipe is wrapped on the outer side of the ore temporary storage box, and the left side and the right side of the emulsion conveying pipe transversely extend outwards to form an extension part;
the two groups of emulsion nozzles are symmetrically arranged at the left side and the right side of the emulsion conveying pipe, the other group of emulsion nozzles are arranged at the rear side of the emulsion conveying pipe, and in a working state, the water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion prepared by the emulsifying container is sprayed to the periphery of the mining vehicle through the emulsion nozzles.
2. The deep sea mining plume suppression device based on carbon dioxide emulsion according to claim 1, wherein the relay bin is fixedly installed inside the ore temporary storage box, one end of the umbilical line is connected with the top of the relay bin, the other end of the umbilical line is connected with the dioxygenation preparation unit on the water surface support mother ship, and the relay bin receives and stores carbon dioxide from the water surface support mother ship through the umbilical line.
3. The deep sea mining plume suppression device based on the carbon dioxide emulsion, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the pressurizing mechanism comprises a booster pump and a high-pressure tank body, wherein the high-pressure tank body is arranged in the ore temporary storage box and is connected and communicated with the outlet end of the relay bin through a first pipeline;
the booster pump is arranged on the first pipeline, and the signal end of the booster pump is in communication connection with the electronic control unit;
the high-pressure tank body is connected with the emulsifying container pipeline, a first flow valve is arranged between the high-pressure tank body and the emulsifying container, and a signal end of the first flow valve is communicated with the electronic control unit.
4. The deep sea mining plume suppression device based on carbon dioxide emulsion according to claim 1, wherein the active agent supply mechanism comprises an active agent storage tank and a star-shaped feed valve, the inlet of the active agent storage tank is connected with a water surface support mother ship, and the outlet of the active agent storage tank is connected with an emulsifying container through the star-shaped feed valve;
the star-shaped feeding valve is provided with a servo motor, and a signal end of the servo motor is in communication connection with the electronic control unit.
5. The deep sea mining plume suppression device based on the carbon dioxide emulsion according to claim 1, wherein the seawater supply mechanism comprises an input pipe, a suction pump and a seawater filter, one end of the input pipe is communicated with the outside seawater, and the other end of the input pipe is connected with the middle part of the emulsifying container through the seawater filter;
the suction pump is arranged on the input pipe, and the signal end of the suction pump is in communication connection with the electronic control unit.
6. The deep sea mining plume suppression device based on the carbon dioxide emulsion according to claim 1, wherein the main body part of the emulsion conveying pipe is of a horizontally arranged U-shaped structure, the main body part is fixedly sleeved on the outer side wall of the ore temporary storage box, and the extending parts positioned at the two sides are respectively connected with the left side and the right side of the front end of the main body part to form an integrated structure;
each group of emulsion nozzles comprises a plurality of emulsion nozzles which are arranged at intervals in a linear sequence, the front end of each emulsion nozzle is connected and communicated with the rear side wall of the emulsion conveying pipe, and the rear end of each emulsion nozzle is of a duckbill structure with a linear opening.
7. The deep sea mining plume suppression device based on the carbon dioxide emulsion according to claim 6, wherein the extending parts on two sides of the emulsion conveying pipe are distributed symmetrically left and right and fixedly connected with the mining vehicle through a bracket, and each extending part on each side is formed by connecting a horizontal section and an inclined section;
the length extension direction of each emulsion nozzle linear opening is consistent with the axial direction of the emulsion conveying pipe at the joint of each emulsion nozzle linear opening.
8. A deep sea mining plume suppression method, characterized in that a deep sea mining plume suppression device based on a carbon dioxide emulsion as claimed in any one of claims to 7 is employed, comprising the steps of:
step one, a water surface support mother ship pumps a surfactant through an umbilical pipeline to supply the surfactant into a mechanism for internal storage, and simultaneously a preparation unit for performing dioxide synthesis continuously pumps the prepared gaseous carbon dioxide into a relay bin through the umbilical pipeline and collects and temporarily stores the gaseous carbon dioxide in the relay bin;
step two, the gaseous carbon dioxide in the relay bin enters a pressurizing mechanism, the pressurizing mechanism pressurizes the gaseous carbon dioxide to more than 10MPa, so that the gaseous carbon dioxide becomes liquid carbon dioxide, and temporary storage is carried out for later use;
step three, the liquid carbon dioxide prepared in the step two enters an emulsifying container, and external seawater is pumped into the emulsifying container after being filtered;
the surfactant stored in the surfactant feeding mechanism enters the emulsifying container through a pipeline, meanwhile, hydrophobic particles are added into the emulsifying container, and liquid carbon dioxide, seawater, the surfactant and the hydrophobic particles are fully stirred in the emulsifying container according to a set proportion, so that a water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion is obtained;
step four, the water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion reaches each emulsion nozzle through an emulsion conveying pipe, is sprayed to the outside in a surface spraying manner through the emulsion nozzles, and forms a continuous emulsion coating layer above the plumes;
and fifthly, under the action of gravity, the emulsion coating layer is settled downwards, the water-in-carbon dioxide emulsion adsorbs particles in the plume, the plume is covered on the seabed, and the plume is prevented from being diffused.
9. The deep sea mining plume inhibition method according to claim 8, wherein the surfactant is a cationic surfactant, and the liquid carbon dioxide, the seawater, the surfactant and the hydrophobic particles in the third step are sequentially (70-90) according to the volume ratio: (30-60): (4-9): (1-2) adding the mixture into an emulsifying container;
the stirring mechanism adopts a screw stirring paddle, and the rotating speed of the screw stirring paddle is 800 rpm-1500 rpm.
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