CN116924575B - Construction method of ecological wetland system for preventing and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution of plain river channel - Google Patents
Construction method of ecological wetland system for preventing and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution of plain river channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN116924575B CN116924575B CN202310929730.9A CN202310929730A CN116924575B CN 116924575 B CN116924575 B CN 116924575B CN 202310929730 A CN202310929730 A CN 202310929730A CN 116924575 B CN116924575 B CN 116924575B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 32
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 22
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 241000234587 Canna Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005273 Canna coccinea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 241000209082 Lolium Species 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000192710 Microcystis aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002948 Ophiopogon intermedius Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/123—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of stone, concrete or similar stony material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
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- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of a plain river agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological wetland system. The method excavates the intercepting ditch outside the river bank slope to collect converging agricultural non-point sources, and can plant the native plants in the intercepting ditch to form a first-stage ecological purification area; constructing a secondary ecological purification area on a bank slope of a river channel, and further removing nitrogen and phosphorus in water flow; the water region is provided with a three-level ecological purification region, so that nitrogen and phosphorus in the agricultural non-point source are further removed, and the agricultural non-point source has strong interception capability and ecological diversity. In addition, the invention fully utilizes the bank slope and the water region of the river channel, only needs to excavate an interception ditch with a certain width outside the bank slope, reduces the occupied area, and is particularly suitable for the river channel with narrower river bank space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a river channel ecological wetland system, in particular to a construction method of a plain river channel agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological wetland system.
Background
In recent years, river agriculture non-point source pollution control has become one of the focus of attention in the fields of water ecological restoration and water environment control. Agricultural non-point source pollution sources mainly comprise harmful substances such as ground fertilizers, pesticide residues and the like, solid wastes such as straw agricultural films and the like, livestock and poultry raising fecal sewage, aquaculture bait medicines, rural domestic sewage garbage, various atmospheric particulate matters are settled and the like, and the pollutants enter a water body environment through surface runoff, soil erosion, farmland drainage and the like, and when the pollutants enter river water, the pollutants extremely cause the exceeding of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body to present eutrophication, increase the risk of water bloom outbreak and induce a series of negative ecological effects.
However, because the agricultural non-point source pollution has the characteristics of dispersibility, concealment, randomness, latency, accumulation, ambiguity and the like, the monitoring difficulty and the prevention and control difficulty of the agricultural non-point source pollution are increased, and the agricultural non-point source pollution is difficult to quantify. Therefore, the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution is still an important point and a difficult point of ecological management of rivers and lakes in recent years.
At present, the prevention and treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution are mostly concentrated on ecological reconstruction of river, lake and beach lands, and arbor, shrub, grass and wet vegetation zones are constructed, for example, chinese patent No. 113802511A discloses an ecological buffer zone for ecological restoration, and the agricultural non-point source pollution is intercepted and water quality is purified by a method of combining surface runoff interception grooves, energy dissipation grass planting grooves, arbor, shrubs, wetland plants and microorganism throwing along the river bank zone. However, the river bank zone required by the method is wide in space, limited in processing capacity and not obvious in pollution interception effect.
In addition, there is a technical report of using a ditch to intercept and purify a non-point source at present, as disclosed in CN112028387A, an artificial wetland repairing method for treating the non-point source pollution is disclosed, the repairing method is to treat the non-point source pollution by using an ecological river channel, a sedimentation tank, an artificial wetland, a regulating tank and an ecological tank in sequence, and the wetland system has large occupied area, severe applicable topography requirement and low universality.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a construction method of a plain river agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological wetland system, which has small occupied area, strong agricultural non-point source interception capability and ecological diversity.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The invention relates to a construction method of a plain river agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological wetland system, which comprises the steps of firstly constructing a first-stage ecological purification area on the outer side of a river bank slope, then constructing a second-stage ecological purification area on the river bank slope, and finally constructing a third-stage ecological purification area in a water area of the river;
Wherein, the construction of the first-stage ecological purification zone comprises the following steps:
S11, excavating an interception ditch on the outer side of a river bank slope;
s12, constructing water collecting wells at intervals along the river direction, wherein the lower part of each water collecting well penetrates into a plain soil layer below the bottom of a channel of the interception ditch; constructing a first drain pipe at the lower part of each water collecting well in an open cut mode, wherein one end part of the first drain pipe horizontally extends to the inside of the water collecting well, and the other end part of the first drain pipe extends to the upper part of a river bank slope;
S13, paving a gravel layer and a ditch planting soil layer on a plain soil layer at the bottom of a ditch of the interception ditch in sequence from bottom to top, and enabling the ditch planting layer to extend outwards to intercept the ditch to form a ditch bank planting area; sowing soil seeds of the village plants on the ditch planting soil layer, and paving pebble layers on the ditch planting soil in the interception ditch.
The beneficial effects are that: the method excavates the intercepting ditch outside the river bank slope to collect converging agricultural non-point sources, and can plant the native plants in the intercepting ditch to form a first-stage ecological purification area; constructing a secondary ecological purification area on a bank slope of a river channel, and further removing nitrogen and phosphorus in water flow; the water region is provided with a three-level ecological purification region, so that nitrogen and phosphorus in the agricultural non-point source are further removed, and the agricultural non-point source has strong interception capability and ecological diversity. In addition, the invention fully utilizes the bank slope and the water region of the river channel, only needs to excavate an interception ditch with a certain width outside the bank slope, reduces the occupied area, and is particularly suitable for the river channel with narrower river bank space.
Preferably, the construction of the secondary ecological purification area on the river bank slope in the invention comprises the following contents:
s21, cleaning and leveling a river bank slope to enable the slope to be 1:2-1:3;
s22, arranging a retaining wall at the toe of a river channel bank slope, embedding a plurality of second drain pipes in the retaining wall, and arranging the second drain pipes at intervals along the river direction;
S23, paving a wetland purification unit on the slope surface of the flattened and tamped river channel bank slope, paving a slope impermeable layer on the wetland purification unit, paving a planting soil layer above the impermeable layer, and paving a water and soil conservation layer after sowing seeds in the slope planting layer.
More preferably, the construction three-level ecological purification area is a water area of a river channel, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the water area to form a water emergent plant zone, and a water planting soil layer of the water area extends obliquely downwards from the upper part of the retaining wall. In the actual construction, the water emergent aquatic plants are preferably reed, canna and the like with stronger nitrogen and phosphorus absorption capacity, so that the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural non-point source water is enhanced, and the purification effect is improved.
More preferably, the first drain pipe in the water collecting well is further provided with a control valve, and both ends of the first drain pipe and both ends of the second drain pipe are provided with water permeable geotechnical cloth, so that the first drain pipe and the second drain pipe are prevented from being blocked by sandy soil and the like to affect normal drainage.
More preferably, the gradient of the interception trench is 1:1.5-1:2, the width of the bottom of the interception trench is 0.5m-1.5m, and the depth of the interception trench is 0.8-1.5m. The interception ditch is wider and narrower in occupied area, and is particularly suitable for river channels with narrower shoreside.
More preferably, the arbor and/or shrub is planted between the first-level ecological purification area and the second-level ecological purification area to form arbor and/or shrub bands. In the invention, arbor belts or shrub belts are planted between the interception ditch and the bank slope along the river direction, so that the plant species are enriched, and the protection effect is realized.
Preferably, the wetland purifying units are sequentially connected from top to bottom in the direction of the slope to form a row, and the plurality of rows of wetland purifying units are sequentially paved in the direction of the river to form a slope wetland purifying structure;
The wet land purifying unit is a gabion cage formed by a box body and stones, the box body comprises a steel reinforcement framework, a gabion net arranged on the steel reinforcement framework in a surrounding mode and a supporting plate arranged at the bottom of the steel reinforcement framework, one side edge of the supporting plate is arranged at intervals with the gabion net to form a lower leakage port for water to pass through, connectivity among each row of wet land purifying units is guaranteed, and water entering the uppermost wet land purifying unit is guaranteed to be discharged into a river channel after being purified and filtered.
More preferably, the gabion mesh is also filled with a fiber filler layer for denitrification and dephosphorization, so that nitrogen and phosphorus elements in water are promoted to be absorbed, and the fiber filler layer is combined with a slope vegetation zone on the wetland purifying unit, so that the purifying effect is improved.
More preferably, the plurality of lower drain openings of each row of wetland purification units are arranged in a staggered manner, so that water in each row of wetland purification units flows in an S shape, the flow path is prolonged, and the purification effect is further improved.
More preferably, the overflow plate is vertically arranged on the support plate, the overflow plate is positioned in the box body, the overflow plate is arranged along the slope direction, the support plate is arranged along the river direction, and the overflow plates are arranged in a staggered manner so that water flows back on the slope in an S-shaped path. Because each wetland purification unit is internally provided with an overflow plate, and the overflow plates are arranged along the slope direction, the wetland purification units have a certain interception space, and only when the water level exceeds the overflow plates, the water overflows from the upper parts of the overflow plates, so that the residence time of the water is prolonged, and the purification effect is further improved.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the agricultural non-point source which is collected and converged by the interception ditch is excavated outside the river bank slope, and the rural plants can be planted in the interception ditch to form a first-stage ecological purification area; constructing a secondary ecological purification area on a bank slope of a river channel, and further removing nitrogen and phosphorus in water flow; the water region is provided with a three-level ecological purification region, so that nitrogen and phosphorus in the agricultural non-point source are further removed, and the agricultural non-point source has strong interception capability and ecological diversity. In addition, the invention fully utilizes the bank slope and the water region of the river channel, only needs to excavate an interception ditch with a certain width outside the bank slope, reduces the occupied area, and is particularly suitable for the river channel with narrower river bank space.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the interception composition of fig. 1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the slope wetland purification structure of FIG. 1 according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a side slope wetland purification unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view in the A-A direction of fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the water flow direction of one of the rows of wetland purification units according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the embodiments and specific operation procedures are given by the embodiments of the present invention under the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "coupled," "connected," and "connected," as may be used broadly, and may be connected, for example, fixedly, detachably, or integrally, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art in specific cases.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the invention provides a construction method of a plain river agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological wetland system, wherein the plain river agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological wetland system comprises a primary ecological purification area 1 arranged on the outer side of a river bank slope F, a secondary ecological purification area (namely, a secondary ecological purification area 2) arranged on the slope surface (the gradient is 1:2-1:3) of the river bank slope F, and a tertiary ecological purification area arranged at the toe of the river bank slope F, wherein the tertiary ecological purification area is a water vegetation zone 3 formed by emergent aquatic plants (preferably reed, canna and the like) planted in the water zone and having stronger nitrogen and phosphorus absorption capacity so as to strengthen the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural non-point source water and improve the purification effect;
The first-stage ecological purification zone 1 comprises intercepting ditches 1.1 excavated at the outer side of a river channel and water collecting wells 1.2 arranged at intervals along the direction of the river channel (one water collecting well 1.2 is constructed every 50 m), the lower part of each water collecting well 1.2 is connected with a first drain pipe 1.3, and the first drain pipes 1.3 extend outwards to the upper part of the second-stage ecological purification zone so as to drain collected water into the second-stage ecological purification zone 2;
The lower part of the secondary ecological purification area is provided with a plurality of second drain pipes 2.1 which are arranged at intervals along the river direction, and one end parts of the second drain pipes 2.1 outwards extend to the upper part of the water vegetation zone 3, so that water purified by the secondary ecological purification area 2 enters a river channel through the water vegetation zone 3.
According to the invention, the interception ditch 1.1 is used as a first-stage interception, the second-stage ecological purification area 2 is used as a second-stage purification, and finally the shore vegetation zone 3 is used for carrying out a third-stage purification treatment, so that the control effect of agricultural non-point source pollution is effectively ensured; in addition, the invention fully utilizes the existing bank slope space of the river channel, only needs to excavate and intercept the ditch 1.1 outside the bank slope, has small occupied area, and is particularly suitable for the river channel with narrow river bank space; the interception ditch 1.1 can be used for planting the native plants to form an upper ditch vegetation zone 1.4, the arbor and shrub vegetation zone on the plain soil layer, and the secondary ecological purification zone 2 is used for planting the bermudagrass, the ryegrass and other land cover plants to form a bank slope vegetation zone 2.5, so that the ecological diversity is realized.
As can be seen from fig. 1-2, the intercepting ditch 1.1 is excavated between a farmland and a bank slope of a river channel, and comprises a plain soil rammed layer 1.1a, wherein a 10cm thick gravel layer 1.1b, a 10cm thick ditch planting soil layer 1.1c and a 10cm thick pebble layer 1.1d are sequentially paved on the plain soil rammed layer 1.1a, wherein two sides of the ditch planting soil layer 1.1c extend outwards from the slope level of the ditch, and the gravel layer 1.1b is completely covered; and the pebble layer 1.1d is laid only on the trench planting soil layer 1.1c located in the interception trench 1.1. During actual construction, seeds of the native plants suitable for local conditions can be sown in the ditch planting soil layer 1.1c to form a ditch ecological vegetation zone;
in actual construction, the width of the bottom of the intercepting ditch 1.1 can be controlled within the range of 0.5m-1.5m according to the space condition between a farmland and a bank slope, the depth is preferably 1.0m, and the slope of the bank slope is 1:1.5-1:2.
As can be seen in connection with fig. 2, the lower part of the water collection well 1.2 extends downwards into the plain soil compacting layer 1.1 a; one end part of the first drain pipe 1.3 extends into the water collecting well 1.2, and a control valve 1.5 is arranged on the first drain pipe 1.3 positioned in the water collecting well 1.2 to control the opening and closing of the first drain pipe; the upper cover of the water collecting well 1.2 is provided with a water permeable protection piece which is a water permeable grid or a water permeable grate. According to the invention, the water collecting wells 1.2 are arranged in the interception ditch 1.1 at intervals, so that water purified by the interception ditch 1.1 (namely primary water) is converged to the water collecting well 1.2, and overflows to the uppermost stage of the secondary ecological purification zone 2 through the first drain pipe.
The protection piece can effectively prevent gravel and the like from entering the water collecting well 1.2 to influence the overhaul and maintenance of the control valve and the like. In addition, in order to further avoid the blockage of the inlet end and the outlet end of the first drain pipe 1.3, the two ports of the first drain pipe 1.3 may be coated with water permeable geotextile to avoid sand and the like from entering the first drain pipe 1.3.
As can be seen from fig. 1 and 3, the secondary ecological purification area 2 comprises a plurality of rows of wetland purification units 2.2 paved on a river bank slope F along the river direction, and further comprises a side slope impermeable layer paved on the wetland purification units 2.2, a side slope planting soil layer 2.3 (with the thickness of 10 cm) paved on the side slope impermeable layer, and a water and soil conservation layer 2.4 paved on the side slope planting soil layer 2.3, wherein seeds of ground cover plants such as bermuda grass and ryegrass can be broadcasted on the side slope planting soil layer 2.3. The plants on the slope planting layer grow to form a slope vegetation zone 2.5, so that the slope wetland structure not only has a purifying effect, but also can be used as an ecological slope protection.
In actual construction, the water and soil conservation layer 2.4 of the invention is preferably laid on the coconut fiber blanket (also can be a three-dimensional geotechnical net pad or a flexible polyester amide net pad) of the side slope planting soil layer 2.3, so as to reduce water and soil loss as much as possible.
Referring to fig. 4-5, each wetland purifying unit 2.2 is a gabion cage formed by a box body and stone blocks filled in the box body, the box body comprises a steel reinforcement framework 2.2a (in a cuboid structure), a gabion mesh 2.2b surrounding the steel reinforcement framework 2.2a, and a supporting plate 2.2c arranged at the bottom of the steel reinforcement framework 2.2a, wherein one side edge of the supporting plate 2.2c and the gabion mesh 2.2b are arranged at intervals to form a lower drain opening 2.2d with the width of about 20 cm.
In actual construction, the reinforcement cage 2.2a, the gabion mesh 2.2b and the support plate 2.2c enclose a box structure with an upper opening and a lower drain opening 2.2d at the bottom, and the length x width x height of the box structure=2m×1m×0.5m, wherein the height is the paving thickness on a bank slope; the box structure is filled with stone blocks, and the stone blocks have a filtering effect.
In actual construction, the supporting plate 2.2c of the wetland purifying unit 2.2 is installed along the river direction, the overflow plate 2.2e is installed along the slope direction of the bank slope, and both the supporting plate 2.2c and the overflow plate 2.2e are perpendicular to the slope.
In order to improve the purification effect of the wetland purification units 2.2, each wetland purification unit 2.2 is also filled with a fiber filler layer for denitrification and dephosphorization, and the fiber filler can be used for further removing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural non-point source sewage.
As can be seen from fig. 6, in actual construction, the plurality of support plates 2.2c of each row of wetland purification units 2.2 are arranged in a left-right staggered manner, so that the lower drain openings 2.2d are also arranged in a left-right staggered manner, so that water entering each row of wetland purification units 2.2 flows in an S-shape, connectivity among each row of wetland purification units 2.2 is ensured, water also flows in an S-shape in a rotating manner, the water flow path is prolonged, and the purification effect is ensured.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the overflow plate 2.2e is vertically arranged on the supporting plate 2.2c near the lower drain port 2.2d, and the height of the overflow plate 2.2e can be controlled to be 30cm-50cm, so that each wetland treatment unit has a certain water storage space, and overflows into the lower wetland treatment unit when the water level exceeds the overflow plate 2.2e, thereby prolonging the residence time of water, prolonging the purification treatment time and ensuring the secondary purification treatment effect.
The number of the wetland purifying units 2.2 in each row of the wetland purifying units 2.2 can be flexibly determined according to the bank slope, and can be four as shown in fig. 6, three, five or six, etc. Because the wetland purifying units 2.2 are sequentially distributed along the gradient direction, the wetland purifying units can be independently pulled out, the later-period management and the filler replacement are convenient, and the operation is simple and convenient. In order to improve the overall stability of the secondary ecological purification area 2, the wetland purification units 2.2 are sequentially arranged from the lower part of the slope to the upper part of the slope, so that the bottom support steel plates of the single purification units 2.2 are tightly connected with the slope protection foundation, the adjacent edges are locked by using reinforcing steel bar binding wires between the wetland purification units 2.2, and the binding wires are spirally twisted around two overlapped frame wires (when the edge is sewn) or the double twisted edges of the frame wires and the net cage.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the retaining wall 2.6 (the retaining wall 2.6 can be made by ramming plain soil) is arranged at the toe of the secondary ecological purification zone 2, so that the wetland treatment unit positioned at the lowest position can be limited, the wetland treatment unit is prevented from sliding down along the bank slope, and the treatment effect of the whole secondary ecological purification zone 2 is improved;
The water-side planting soil layer (plain soil) extends downwards from the upper part of the retaining wall 2.6 in an inclined way, and the second drain pipe 2.1 extends to the upper part of the water-side planting soil layer, so that purified secondary water automatically flows into a river along the water-side planting soil layer.
The construction method of the plain river agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological wetland system comprises the following steps:
S1, constructing a first-level ecological purification area outside a river bank slope
S11, excavating an interception ditch 1.1 outside a river bank slope, wherein the width of the ditch bottom of the interception ditch 1.1 is controlled to be 0.5m-1.5m, the depth is preferably 1.0m, and the gradient is 1:1.5-1:2 according to the space condition between a farmland and the bank slope;
s12, constructing water collecting wells at intervals along the river direction, wherein the lower part of each water collecting well penetrates into a plain soil layer below the bottom of a channel of the interception ditch; constructing a first drain pipe at the lower part of each water collecting well in an open cut mode, wherein one end part of the first drain pipe horizontally extends to the inside of the water collecting well, and the other end part of the first drain pipe extends to the upper part of a river bank slope;
S13, paving a gravel layer 1.1b and a ditch planting soil layer 1.1c on a plain soil layer at the bottom of a ditch for intercepting the ditch 1.1 in sequence from bottom to top, and enabling the ditch planting layer 1.1c to extend outwards to intercept the ditch to form a ditch bank planting area; sowing soil plant seeds on the ditch planting soil layer, and paving a pebble layer 1.1d on the ditch planting soil layer 1.1c positioned in the interception ditch; after plants on the ditch planting soil layer grow up, a ditch vegetation zone is formed, part of nitrogen and phosphorus in water can be absorbed, gravel in the ditch is intercepted, and the filtering and purifying effects are realized, so that the primary filtering of the water is realized;
in actual construction, plants in the interception ditch are preferably ground cover plants with developed root systems and strong vitality such as bermudagrass, ryegrass, dwarf lilyturf tuber and the like.
S2, constructing a secondary ecological purification area on a river bank slope;
s21, cleaning and leveling a river bank slope to enable the slope to be 1:2-1:3;
s22, arranging a retaining wall at the toe of a river channel bank slope, embedding a plurality of second drain pipes in the retaining wall, and arranging the second drain pipes at intervals along the river direction;
S23, paving a wetland purification unit on the slope surface of the flattened and tamped river channel bank slope, paving a slope impermeable layer on the wetland purification unit, paving a planting soil layer above the slope impermeable layer, and paving a water and soil conservation layer after sowing seeds in the slope planting layer;
the construction process of the wetland purification unit specifically comprises the following steps: firstly prefabricating a box body, then filling stone blocks and fiber fillers for denitrification and dephosphorization in the box body, horizontally placing a wetland purification unit on a slope, ensuring that a supporting plate is in the downstream direction, and ensuring the overflow effect of an overflow plate along the slope direction;
In addition, in the laying process, a plurality of overflow plates of each row of wetland purifying units are arranged in a left-right staggered way, see fig. 6, so as to ensure an S-shaped reflux path of water flow;
In the actual laying process, the wetland purifying units are fixed by bolts or binding steel bars, and the wetland purifying units are fixed with the slope by bolts, so that the overall stability is ensured
S3, constructing a three-level ecological purification area in the water region of the river channel
And planting water emergent aquatic plants (such as reed, canna and the like) in the water region along the river direction to form a water vegetation zone, further absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus in water and improving the purifying effect.
The purification principle and the purification process of the invention are briefly described as follows:
The interception ditch 1.1 is used for primary purification and is used for collecting agricultural non-point source water flowing out of farmlands, the gravel layer 1.1b of the interception ditch 1.1 has filtering and purifying effects, and water entering the interception ditch 1.1 is converged into the water collecting well 1.2 after being filtered and precipitated, so that primary purified water is obtained;
When the water level in the water collecting well 1.2 exceeds the inlet of the first drain pipe, automatically flowing into the uppermost-stage wetland purification unit 2.2, and when the water collection depth in the wetland purification unit 2.2 exceeds the overflow plate 2.2e, automatically flowing into the next wetland purification unit 2.2 from the upper edge and the lower drain opening 2.2d of the overflow plate 2.2e, thus obtaining secondary water after continuous multistage purification of the wetland purification unit 2.2;
the secondary water automatically flows above the water planting soil layer through the second drain pipe 2.1, and nitrogen and phosphorus in the secondary water are continuously absorbed by the water vegetation zone 3, so that three-level purification is realized, and the purification effect is ensured.
The agricultural non-point source water is purified by three-stage purification, so that farmland non-point source pollution can be effectively intercepted, river-entering farmland runoff is purified, and river-entering pollution load is reduced;
The ecological vegetation zone of the ditch is arranged in the interception ditch 1.1, the arbor and/or shrub zone is arranged between the interception ditch 1.1 and the bank slope, the slope vegetation zone is arranged on the slope, and the water vegetation zone 3 is arranged at the slope foot, so that the ecology on two sides of the river channel is diversified, the ecological environment characteristics of the slope of the river channel are effectively improved, and the river channel scouring and water and soil loss are prevented.
It should be emphasized that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but may be modified without inventive effort or equivalent substitution of some of the technical features described in the above embodiments by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A construction method of a plain river agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological wetland system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the construction method comprises the steps of firstly constructing a first-level ecological purification area on the outer side of a river bank slope, then constructing a second-level ecological purification area on the river bank slope, and finally constructing a third-level ecological purification area in a water region of the river;
Wherein, the construction of the first-stage ecological purification zone comprises the following steps:
S11, excavating an interception ditch on the outer side of a river bank slope;
s12, constructing water collecting wells at intervals along the river direction, wherein the lower part of each water collecting well penetrates into a plain soil layer below the bottom of a channel of the interception ditch; constructing a first drain pipe at the lower part of each water collecting well in an open cut mode, wherein one end part of the first drain pipe horizontally extends to the inside of the water collecting well, and the other end part of the first drain pipe extends to the upper part of a river bank slope;
S13, paving a gravel layer and a ditch planting soil layer on a plain soil layer at the bottom of a ditch of the interception ditch in sequence from bottom to top, and enabling the ditch planting layer to extend outwards to intercept the ditch to form a ditch bank planting area; sowing soil plant seeds on the ditch planting soil layer, and paving pebble layers on the ditch planting soil in the interception ditch;
The construction of the secondary ecological purification area on the river bank slope comprises the following contents:
s21, cleaning and leveling a river bank slope to enable the slope to be 1:2-1:3;
s22, arranging a retaining wall at the toe of a river channel bank slope, embedding a plurality of second drain pipes in the retaining wall, and arranging the second drain pipes at intervals along the river direction;
S23, paving a wetland purification unit on the slope surface of the flattened and tamped river channel bank slope, paving a slope impermeable layer on the wetland purification unit, paving a planting soil layer above the slope impermeable layer, and paving a water and soil conservation layer after sowing seeds in the slope planting layer;
the wetland purifying units are sequentially connected from top to bottom in the direction of the slope to form a row, and the plurality of rows of wetland purifying units are sequentially paved in the direction of the river to form a slope wetland purifying structure;
The wetland purification unit is a gabion cage formed by a box body and stones, the box body comprises a steel reinforcement framework, a gabion mesh surrounding the steel reinforcement framework and a supporting plate arranged at the bottom of the steel reinforcement framework, and one side edge of the supporting plate and the gabion mesh are arranged at intervals to form a lower drainage port for water to pass through; the plurality of lower drain ports of each row of wetland purification units are arranged in a staggered manner; the overflow plates are vertically arranged on the support plates and positioned in the box body, the overflow plates are arranged along the slope direction, the support plates are arranged along the river direction, and the overflow plates are arranged in a staggered manner so that water flows back on the slope in an S-shaped path;
the gabion mesh is also filled with fiber filler for denitrification and dephosphorization.
2. The construction method of the plain river agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological wetland system according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the construction three-level ecological purification area is a water area of a river course, emergent aquatic plants are planted in the water area to form a water emergent plant zone, and a water planting soil layer of the water area extends downwards from the upper portion of the retaining wall in an inclined mode.
3. The construction method of the plain river agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological wetland system according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the first drain pipe positioned in the water collecting well is further provided with a control valve, and both ends of the first drain pipe and both ends of the second drain pipe are provided with water permeable geotechnical cloth.
4. The construction method of the plain river agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological wetland system according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the gradient of the interception ditch is 1:1.5-1:2, the width of the bottom of the interception ditch is 0.5m-1.5m, and the depth of the interception ditch is 0.8-1.5m.
5. The construction method of the plain river agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological wetland system according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and arbor and/or shrub are planted between the first-level ecological purification area and the second-level ecological purification area to form arbor and/or shrub belts.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105064274A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-11-18 | 上海市城市建设设计研究总院 | Storing and discharging integrated box-type revetment |
| CN110028164A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-19 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Lakeside zone for intercepting and purifying non-point source pollution and construction method thereof |
| CN217868333U (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-11-22 | 北京远浪潮生态建设有限公司 | Revetment type undercurrent wetland |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN212954724U (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-04-13 | 湖南凯迪工程科技有限公司 | Agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological management system |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105064274A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-11-18 | 上海市城市建设设计研究总院 | Storing and discharging integrated box-type revetment |
| CN110028164A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-19 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Lakeside zone for intercepting and purifying non-point source pollution and construction method thereof |
| CN217868333U (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-11-22 | 北京远浪潮生态建设有限公司 | Revetment type undercurrent wetland |
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