CN116922874A - 平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116922874A CN116922874A CN202310870159.8A CN202310870159A CN116922874A CN 116922874 A CN116922874 A CN 116922874A CN 202310870159 A CN202310870159 A CN 202310870159A CN 116922874 A CN116922874 A CN 116922874A
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- wave
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- fiber
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物,从上表面到下表面依次叠置有光学/红外兼容迷彩层、吸波/柔性介质隔热层、防护层;防护层为轻质且透气的织物;光学/红外兼容迷彩层是以轻薄织物为基材并在基材表面印染或涂布迷彩,迷彩包含≥4种迷彩斑块,至少三种迷彩斑块的红外发射率差值不小于0.1;吸波/柔性介质隔热层由纤维类吸波剂与柔性介质材料复合形成,纤维类吸波剂包含不同长度的吸波短纤维;若沿厚度方向将吸波/柔性介质隔热层分成若干层,各层中分布的吸波短纤维的中心长度从上至下依次递增。该隐身织物将光学/红外/雷达隐身功能兼容于一体,呈平面状且具有柔软、质轻、宽波段隐身等优点,具有更广的应用范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及隐身材料技术领域,具体涉及一种平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
在现代战争中随着红外、雷达探测技术以及各种侦察手段的不断提高,“发现即摧毁”严重危险战场上武器装备和士兵的生存。目前,用于伪装网、伪装服等的宽波段兼容织物,多通过具有一定导电性的织物基材,表面印染光学及红外兼容迷彩后,进一步切花构成。切花的目的至少有两个:一是通过一定高度的切花结构,形成对雷达波的散射,实现雷达隐身;二是切花结构后,可以实现恒温人体或武器装备的热部件和环境的热量交换并实现热平衡,利于热红外伪装;三是结合结构,可以实现较为轻量化的伪装装备,而避免过厚重等缺点。然后,这种现行装备在使用过程中,依然存在较大的弊端:一是当采用该类结构作为伪装服装时,表面的勾挂结构不利于战技动作,也不利于和其他装备的适配性能;二是该类服装依然较为厚重,一套高达2.0kg以上;三是尽管雷达波被四面八方的散射到不同方位,削弱了回波,但是当采用空中雷达探测时,依然会容易识别。可以解决部分这个问题,可以保留
此外,中国专利申请CN115325886A公开一种可见光高透明、红外迷彩与宽频雷达吸波的隐身材料,由多层导电层和透明层间隔排列,通过在导电玻璃上刻蚀周期图案实现隐身功能,材料本身硬度很大,不能弯折,在应用方面存在限制。中国专利CN112659664 B公开了一种超宽频防隔热/隐身/承载/电磁屏蔽一体化复合材料及其制备方法,具有超宽频隐身性能,吸波频段可拓宽到1GHz,且隔热性能优异,但是结构设计复杂,工艺步骤较为繁琐,且不具备柔软性,不适合在战场上用于便携装备的隐身伪装应用。基于此,本领域迫切需要开发设计一种轻量化的、平面状结构的兼具可见光、红外和雷达吸收的宽波段隐身织物。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
鉴于现有技术的上述缺点、不足,本发明提供一种平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物及其制备方法,该隐身织物将光学/红外/雷达隐身功能兼容于一体,柔软质轻,穿戴性好,能用于便携装备的伪装,有更宽的应用适用性;隐身材料表面为平面状,使材料轻薄化,不产生勾挂问题有利于战技动作;具有宽波段隐身功能,在2-18GHz范围内小于-10dB的有效吸收带宽达到10GHz左右,有效解决现有隐身材料的不足。
(二)技术方案
本发明的技术方案如下:
第一方面,本发明提供一种平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物,从上表面到下表面依次叠置有光学/红外兼容迷彩层、吸波/柔性介质隔热层、防护层;所述防护层为轻质且透气的织物;
所述光学/红外兼容迷彩层是以轻薄织物为基材,在其上表面印染或涂布光学/红外迷彩,所述光学/红外迷彩包含4种以上颜色的迷彩斑块,其中至少三种迷彩斑块的红外发射率差值不小于0.1;
所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层是由纤维类吸波剂与柔性介质材料复合形成的兼具吸波、承载和隔热功能的复合功能层;其中,纤维类吸波剂包含不同长度分布的吸波短纤维;
若将吸波/柔性介质隔热层靠近上表面的一侧为外侧,靠近防护层的一侧为内侧,由外侧到内侧将吸波/柔性介质隔热层分为若干层,每层的吸波短纤维均包含不同长度分布的吸波短纤维,每层的吸波短纤维具有中心长度,吸波短纤维中心长度从外侧到内侧为依次递增。
例如,若将吸波/柔性介质隔热层分为n层,则最靠上表面的一侧为1层,最靠防护层的一侧为内侧为n层,从1层到n层的吸波短纤维的中心长度为L1、L2、L3……Ln,则L1<L2<L3……Ln-1<Ln;其中,每层中分布有不少于3种规格长度的吸波短纤维;每层中不同规格长度的吸波短纤维以等量添加,每层的吸波短纤维含量为0.5-7g/m2。
根据本发明的较佳实施例,所述防护层为涤纶、丙纶或粘胶纤维制备的机织物,其厚度不大于0.5mm。
根据本发明的较佳实施例,所述光学/红外迷彩包含5种以上颜色的迷彩斑块。
根据本发明的较佳实施例,所述光学/红外迷彩的颜色包括黄绿色、深绿、银灰色、棕色和黑色;或者沙土、红土、褐土、银灰色、棕色和黑色;或者浅灰、中灰、银灰色、深灰、棕色和黑色。
根据本发明的较佳实施例,所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层中,所述纤维类吸波剂为玻璃包覆非晶磁性纤维、不锈钢纤维、碳纤维、改性碳纤维、改性碳化硅纤维、多晶铁纤维、铁镍纤维及铁钴镍纤维中的一种或几种的组合;优选地,所述纤维类吸波剂为玻璃包覆非晶磁性纤维或碳纤维。
根据本发明的较佳实施例,所述吸波短纤维包含长度分布1-20mm的吸波短纤维,直径为6μm-12μm。
根据本发明的较佳实施例,所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层中的柔性介质材料为泡沫/海绵、纺织物或无纺织物。优选地,所述泡沫/海绵例如可为多孔聚氨酯泡沫/聚氨酯海绵、所述纺织物例如可为间隔织物;所述无纺织物可为普通纺织短纤维通过湿法成网工艺制备得到的无纺织物,在通过湿法成网工艺制备无纺织物的过程中,可同时将纤维类吸波剂与普通纺织短纤维混合,从而将纤维类吸波剂一并复合到所述无纺织物中。
所述普通纺织短纤维为粘胶纤维、聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维、纤维素纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、水溶性维纶纤维、聚丙烯酸纤维、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物纤维、PE/PP纤维(PE和PP的混合纺丝)、PE/PET(PE和PET的混合纺丝)纤维等普通纺织纤维。
上述柔性介质材料具有轻质、柔软、吸热和隔热的功效,使隐身织物适于制成穿戴隐身防护材料或便携装备的隐身防护材料,尤其是聚氨酯海绵和间隔织物。但湿法成网工艺制备的无纺织物能使吸波短纤维更加均匀地沿整个吸波/柔性介质隔热层的厚度方向分布,避免聚集在某个侧面或某个深度的层级中。
其中,间隔织物是由若干组纱线形成两层或两层以上的织物,并由另一组纱线将各层织物连接起来而形成的织物。连接各层织物的纱线一般比较稀疏,相邻两层织物之间的间距比较大,可以较多地注入填料。在本发明中,填料为纤维类吸波剂与粘合剂混合得到。
根据本发明的较佳实施例,所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层中的柔性介质材料平方米重量不大于100g/m2,厚度不大于1.5mm,介电常数2.1-4.7。
根据本发明的较佳实施例,所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层的制备方法包括以下方式中的任一种:
方式一:将纤维类吸波剂与粘合剂混合涂布得到吸波层,吸波层复合到柔性介质材料上得到单层柔性吸波材料,所述吸波层厚度为40-3000μm,所述柔性介质材料的厚度为0.5-3mm;将两层或两层以上的单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层;
方式二:将纤维类吸波剂与普通纺织短纤维混合,通过湿法成网工艺制备得到单层柔性吸波材料;单层柔性吸波材料的厚度不低于0.5mm;将两层或两层以上的单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层;
方式三:将纤维类吸波剂与粘合剂混合涂布得到吸波层,吸波层复合到柔性介质材料上得到第一单层柔性吸波材料;将纤维类吸波剂与普通纺织短纤维混合,通过湿法成网工艺制备得到第二单层柔性吸波材料;将前述第一、第二单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层。
所述普通纺织短纤维为粘胶纤维、聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维、纤维素纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、水溶性维纶纤维、聚丙烯酸纤维、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物纤维、PE/PP纤维、PE/PET纤维等普通纺织纤维。
根据本发明的较佳实施例,所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层由三层柔性吸波层叠置而成,第一层中吸波短纤维的长度为1-10mm(中心长度L1),第二层纤维长度为7-15mm(中心长度L2),第三层纤维长度为10-18mm(中心长度L3),L1<L2<L2;每层中分布有不少于3种规格长度的吸波短纤维。
优选地,所述每层中不同规格长度的吸波短纤维以等量添加,每层的吸波短纤维含量为0.5-7g/m2。例如,第一层中吸波短纤维的长度为1-10mm,包括1质量份长度为3mm的吸波短纤维、1质量份长度为6mm的吸波短纤维、1质量份长度为9mm的吸波短纤维,即三种长度的吸波短纤维按照1:1:1混合添加,三种规格吸波短纤维的含量分别为0.6-1g/m2。
第二方面,本发明还提供一种平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的制备方法,其包括:
S1、制备光学/红外兼容迷彩层:
将光学/红外染料印染在轻薄织物基材(如涤纶布)的上侧面或者将光学/红外涂料涂布在轻薄织物基材(如涤纶布)的上侧面,以得到光学/红外兼容迷彩图案,所述迷彩图案包含4种以上颜色的迷彩斑块,其中至少三种迷彩斑块的红外发射率差值不小于0.1;
S2、制备吸波/柔性介质隔热层,制备方法为下述方法之一或组合:
方式一:将纤维类吸波剂与粘合剂混合涂布得到吸波层,吸波层复合到柔性介质材料上得到单层柔性吸波材料,所述吸波层厚度为40-3000μm,所述柔性介质材料的厚度为0.5-3mm;将两层或两层以上的单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层;
方式二:将纤维类吸波剂与普通纺织短纤维混合,通过湿法成网工艺制备得到单层柔性吸波材料;单层柔性吸波材料的厚度不低于0.5mm;将两层或两层以上的单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层;
方式三:将纤维类吸波剂与粘合剂混合涂布得到吸波层,吸波层复合到柔性介质材料上得到第一单层柔性吸波材料;所述吸波层厚度为40-3000μm,所述柔性介质材料的厚度为0.5-3mm;将纤维类吸波剂与普通纺织短纤维混合,通过湿法成网工艺制备得到厚度不低于0.5mm的第二单层柔性吸波材料;将前述第一、第二单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层;
S3、复合
将光学/红外兼容迷彩层、吸波/柔性介质隔热层、防护层通过粘合剂或缝纫线连接固定。所述粘合剂包括油性聚氨酯、水性聚氨酯或聚乙酯热熔胶(85℃)等任意一种。
由此制得的隐身织物,平方米克重一般在275-295g/m2之间,厚度在2.5-2.8mm之间。
(三)有益效果
本发明的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物主要具体如下特点:
(1)本发明的隐身织物轻质且柔软,可弯折性好,适于制成穿戴物或用于便携装备的伪装,方便于收折和携带,也便于根据装备的要求进行裁切和缝制,应用范围广,实现较为轻量化的伪装装备,而避免过厚重等缺点。该隐身织物制作的服装一套厚度可减重至1kg以下,柔软且透气性好,穿戴具有较好舒适感。
(2)本发明的隐身织物为平面状,作为伪装服装时,表面无突出的勾挂点,有利于战技动作和与其他装备的适配性。
(3)本发明的隐身织物对光学/红外/雷达的隐身功能兼容于一体,其外部设有光学/红外兼容迷彩层,中间的吸波/柔性介质隔热层,可隔绝人体或装备的产生的热量实现对红外隐身作用,吸波/柔性介质隔热层内还充填大量纤维类吸波剂,用于吸收雷达波以实现对雷达隐身作用。其中纤维类吸波剂包含不同长度分布的吸波短纤维。吸波短纤维长度、直径、取向、排列方式、含量等决定了隐身织物的电磁吸收参数和隐身频段宽度。本发明的隐身织物,吸波短纤维在厚度方向从上至下短纤中心长度依次递增,每层中分布有多规格长度的吸波短纤维,且其取向和排列方式为随机形成(包括各个取向或交叉或重叠),使本发明的隐身织物对电磁波的电磁损耗进一步加强,导致回波的削弱能力进一步增强,提高被空中雷达探测的难度,并使隐身织物具备宽频带隐身性能,在2-18GHz范围内小于-10dB的有效吸收带宽达到10GHz左右。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的结构示意图。
图2为本发明另一种的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的结构示意图。
图3为实施例1的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的波频率-反射率曲线。
图4为实施例2的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的波频率-反射率曲线。
图5为实施例3的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的波频率-反射率曲线。
图6为对比例1的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的波频率-反射率曲线。
图7为对比例2的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的波频率-反射率曲线。
图8为对比例3的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的波频率-反射率曲线。
具体实施方式
为了更好的解释本发明,以便于理解,下面结合附图,通过具体实施方式,对本发明作详细描述。下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂、原料等,如无特殊说明,均为从商业途径得到。
结合图1所示为本发明的一种平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的结构示意图,从上表面到下表面依次叠置有光学/红外兼容迷彩层1、吸波/柔性介质隔热层2和防护层3。防护层3为轻质且透气的织物,优选地,防护层3为涤纶、丙纶或粘胶纤维制备的机织物,其厚度不大于0.5mm。
位于最上层的光学/红外兼容迷彩层1是以轻薄织物为基材,其上表面通过印染染料或涂布光学/红外涂料以形成迷彩,迷彩包含4种以上颜色的迷彩斑块,其中至少3种迷彩斑块的红外发射率差值不小于0.1。轻薄织物优选为涤纶织物。优选地,迷彩可包括5种或6种颜色的迷彩斑块,如包括黄绿色、深绿、银灰色、棕色和黑色等五种颜色的迷彩斑块,或包括沙土、红土、褐土、银灰色、棕色和黑色,或浅灰、中灰、银灰色、深灰、棕色和黑色等六种颜色的迷彩斑块。在制作迷彩时,在颜料中掺入适量20μm粒径的铝粉,以提高迷彩斑块的红外发射率。
吸波/柔性介质隔热层2是本发明平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物中主要起到雷达隐身作用的功能层。吸波/柔性介质隔热层2由纤维类吸波剂21与柔性介质材料复合形成的兼具吸波、承载和隔热功能的复合功能层,纤维类吸波剂21包含不同长度分布的吸波短纤维。具体地,纤维类吸波剂21可选择为玻璃包覆非晶磁性纤维、不锈钢纤维、碳纤维、改性碳纤维、改性碳化硅纤维、多晶铁纤维、铁镍纤维及铁钴镍纤维中的一种或几种的组合,且优选是玻璃包覆非晶磁性纤维或碳纤维。吸波短纤维包含长度分布1-20mm的吸波短纤维,直径为6μm-12μm。
吸波/柔性介质隔热层2的制备方法为:将纤维类吸波剂21与粘合剂(水性聚氨酯)混合制浆,将浆料涂布到柔性介质材料22上得单层柔性吸波材料,该单层柔性吸波材料上吸波层厚度为40-3000μm,柔性介质材料22的厚度为0.5-3mm。将两层或两层以上的单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到吸波/柔性介质隔热层2。纤维类吸波剂21具体是吸波短纤维。
若将吸波/柔性介质隔热层2靠近光学/红外兼容迷彩层1的一侧为外侧,靠近防护层的一侧为内侧。由外侧到内侧将吸波/柔性介质隔热层分为若干层,每层的吸波短纤维均包含不同长度分布的吸波短纤维,每层的吸波短纤维具有中心长度,吸波短纤维中心长度从外侧到内侧为依次递增。例如,按照前述方法制备吸波/柔性介质隔热层2时,在制备第一层(靠近光学/红外兼容迷彩层1的一层)单层柔性吸波材料时,选用纤维长度较短(中心长度为L1)的纤维类吸波剂21与粘合剂混合制浆,涂布到柔性介质材料22上之后制得第一层的单层柔性吸波材料;在制备第二层(位于第一层下方)时,选用纤维长度较长(中心长度为L2>L1)的纤维类吸波剂21与粘合剂混合制浆,涂布后制得第二层的单层柔性吸波材料;在制备第三层(位于第二层下方)时,选用纤维长度更长(中心长度为L3>L2)的纤维类吸波剂21与粘合剂混合制浆,涂布后制得第三层的单层柔性吸波材料……依次类推,使吸波/柔性介质隔热层2从上至下使用的纤维类吸波剂21的纤维长度逐渐递增,最后将前述各单层柔性吸波材料叠合在一起得到吸波/柔性介质隔热层2。其各层中分布有不少于3种规格长度的吸波短纤维。优选地,不同规格长度的吸波短纤维以等量添加,每层的吸波短纤维总含量为0.5-7g/m2。
例如,第一层中吸波短纤维的长度为1-10mm(中心长度为5.5mm),吸波短纤维的总含量为2.4g/m2,其中,吸波短纤维的长度包括1mm、3mm、7mm和9mm四种规格,且分别含量为0.6g/m2。第二层纤维长度为7-15mm(中心长度为11mm),吸波短纤维的总含量为1.5g/m2,其中吸波短纤维的长度包括7mm、9mm和15mm三种规格,且分别含量为0.5g/m2。如果还设有第三层,则第三层纤维长度为10-18mm(中心长度为14mm),吸波短纤维的总含量为2.0g/m2,其中吸波短纤维的长度包括10mm、12mm、15mm和18mm四种规格,且分别含量为0.5g/m2。
其中,柔性介质材料22的材质为泡沫/海绵、纺织物或无纺织物。例如,所述泡沫/海绵例如可为多孔聚氨酯泡沫/聚氨酯海绵;纺织物例如可为涤纶间隔织物。间隔织物是由若干组纱线形成两层或两层以上的织物,并由另一组纱线将各层织物连接起来而形成的织物。连接各层织物的纱线一般比较稀疏,相邻两层织物之间的间距比较大,可以较多地注入填料(如纤维类吸波剂21与粘合剂混合的浆料)。无纺织物可为普通纺织短纤维通过湿法成网工艺制备得到的无纺织物。普通纺织短纤维为常见的聚合物纤维,包括粘胶纤维、聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维、纤维素纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、水溶性维纶纤维、聚丙烯酸纤维、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物纤维、PE/PP纤维(PE和PP的混合纺丝)、PE/PET(PE和PET的混合纺丝)纤维等普通纺织纤维。其中,柔性介质材料22的平方米重量不大于100g/m2,厚度不大于1.5mm,介电常数2.1-4.7。
在制备完成光学/红外兼容迷彩层1和吸波/柔性介质隔热层2后,将光学/红外兼容迷彩层1、吸波/柔性介质隔热层2和防护层3叠合,并通过粘合剂或缝纫线连接固定。粘合剂包括油性聚氨酯、水性聚氨酯或聚乙酯热熔胶(85℃)等任意一种。
上述方案中,吸波/柔性介质隔热层2制备过程较为简单,加快速度快,且使用的柔性介质材料具有轻质、柔软、吸热和隔热的功效,使隐身织物适于制成穿戴隐身防护材料或便携装备的隐身防护材料,尤其是聚氨酯海绵轻质,柔软,具有极好的隔热功能。
如图2所示,为本发明的另一种平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的结构示意图,与图1所示的结构不同之处仅在于吸波/柔性介质隔热层2的制备方法不同,并使其中吸波短纤维的分布方式也不同。具体地,吸波/柔性介质隔热层2的制备方法为:将纤维类吸波剂21与普通纺织短纤维混合制浆,通过湿法成网工艺制备得到单层柔性吸波材料;单层柔性吸波材料的厚度不低于0.5mm;将两层或两层以上的单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到吸波/柔性介质隔热层2。其中,普通纺织短纤维为粘胶纤维、聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维、纤维素纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、水溶性维纶纤维、聚丙烯酸纤维、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物纤维、PE/PP纤维、PE/PET纤维等普通纺织纤维,普通纺织纤维的长度为4-10mm。
其中,若将吸波/柔性介质隔热层2靠近光学/红外兼容迷彩层1的一侧为外侧,靠近防护层的一侧为内侧。由外侧到内侧将吸波/柔性介质隔热层分为若干层,每层的吸波短纤维均包含不同长度分布的吸波短纤维,每层的吸波短纤维具有中心长度,吸波短纤维中心长度从外侧到内侧为依次递增。例如,按照前述方法制备吸波/柔性介质隔热层2时,先使用纤维长度较短(中心长度为L1)的纤维类吸波剂21与普通纺织短纤维混合制浆,通过湿法成网工艺制备第一层的单层柔性吸波材料(纤维类吸波剂21镶嵌于其中);在制备第二层(位于第一层下方)时,选用纤维长度较长(中心长度为L2>L1)的纤维类吸波剂21与普通纺织短纤维混合制浆,通过湿法成网工艺制备第二层的单层柔性吸波材料(纤维类吸波剂21镶嵌于其中);在制备第三层(位于第二层下方)时,选用纤维长度更长(中心长度为L3>L2)的纤维类吸波剂21与普通纺织短纤维混合制浆,通过湿法成网工艺制备第三层的单层柔性吸波材料(纤维类吸波剂21镶嵌于其中)……依次类推,使吸波/柔性介质隔热层2从上至下使用的纤维类吸波剂21的纤维长度逐渐递增,最后将前述各单层柔性吸波材料叠合在一起得到吸波/柔性介质隔热层2。同样地,各层中分布有不少于3种规格长度的吸波短纤维。优选地,不同规格长度的吸波短纤维以等量添加,每层的吸波短纤维含量为0.5-7g/m2。
例如,第一层中吸波短纤维的长度为2mm、3mm、4mm和5mm(中心长度为3.5mm)四种规格,普通纺织短纤维包括4mm纤维素纤维和5mmPET纤维,混合制浆,通过湿法成网工艺制备第一层的单层柔性吸波材料,其中吸波短纤维的总含量为2.4g/m2,其中,2mm、3mm、4mm和5mm四种规格分别为0.6g/m2。第二层中吸波短纤维的长度为8mm、10mm和12mm(中心长度为10mm)三种规格,普通纺织短纤维包括4mm纤维素纤维和5mmPET纤维,混合制浆,通过湿法成网工艺制备第二层的单层柔性吸波材料,其中吸波短纤维的总含量为1.5g/m2,三种规格的吸波短纤维分别为0.5g/m2。
同样地,在制备完成光学/红外兼容迷彩层1和吸波/柔性介质隔热层2后,将光学/红外兼容迷彩层1、吸波/柔性介质隔热层2和防护层3叠合,并通过粘合剂或缝纫线连接固定即可。
与图1所示的吸波/柔性介质隔热层2略有不同,图1中吸波短纤维主要是以层状复合在单层柔性吸波材料的表面;而图2所示的吸波/柔性介质隔热层2,采用湿法成网工艺制备各层,使不同长度的吸波短纤维均镶嵌在吸波/柔性介质隔热层中,均匀地沿整个吸波/柔性介质隔热层的厚度方向分布,避免聚集在某个侧面或某个深度的层级中,同时也不易因粘合剂材料老化分层或材料破损而导致的吸波短纤维剥落和丢失。
以下结合具体实施例,说明为本发明隐身织物的特点和技术效果。
实施例1
本实施例的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的结构参见图1所示,制备方法如下:
(1)可见光/红外涂层迷彩布的制备:首先调制5色浆料,颜色分别为黄绿色、深绿、银灰色、棕色、黑色,其中黄绿色、银灰色、棕色浆料中添加适量20μm粒径的铝粉,在涤纶织物基底(80g/m2)的正面通过150目的台版筛网依次涂布黄绿色、深绿、银灰色、棕色、黑色浆料,然后烘干,形成5色林地迷彩图案,总克重为100g/m2。
(2)吸波/柔性介质隔热层的制备:将细度为24.5dtex的玻璃包覆非晶磁性纤维(芯层的直径为12μm,壳层厚度为4μm,玻璃包覆非晶磁性纤维直径为14μm),短切为3mm、5mm、6mm、7mm、8mm、9mm、12mm和14mm长度的吸波纤维。
将长度为3mm、5mm、7mm和9mm的吸波短纤维,每种长度规格分别为1g/m2,通过筛分方式分散在1.1mm的聚氨酯海绵上,喷涂水性聚氨酯固定纤维,得到第一层的单层柔性吸波材料。
将长度为6mm、8mm、10mm和12mm的吸波短纤维,每种长度规格分别为0.5g/m2,通过筛分方式分散在1.1mm的聚氨酯海绵上,喷涂水性聚氨酯以固定纤维,得到第二层的单层柔性吸波材料。
两层总厚度为2.2mm,克重为105g/m2。
(3)多层复合:使用油性聚氨酯点涂在层之间,获得四层复合织物。
由此制得的隐身织物,平方米克重275g/m2、厚度2.8mm。其中,表面织物的红外发射率(8-14μm)为:银灰色斑块(低发)0.55、黄绿色斑块(中发)0.67、棕色斑块(中发)0.70、深绿色斑块(高发)0.92、黑色斑块(高发)0.93,不同红外斑块发射率之间的差值大于0.1。如图3所示,为本实施例的隐身织物的波频率-反射率曲线,在2-18GHz范围内,小于-10dB的有效吸收带宽为10.1GHz。
实施例2
本实施例的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的结构参见图1所示,制备方法如下:
(1)可见光/红外涂层迷彩布的制备:首先调制6色浆料,颜色分别为沙土、红土、褐土、银灰色、棕色、黑色,其中沙土、红土、银灰色、棕色浆料中添加适量20μm粒径的铝粉,在涤纶织物基底(70g/m2)的正面通过150目的台版筛网依次涂布沙土、红土、褐土、银灰色、棕色、黑色浆料,然后烘干,形成6色荒漠迷彩图案,总克重为92g/m2。
(2)吸波/柔性介质隔热层的制备:将直径为8μm的碳纤维短切为2mm、3mm、4mm、5mm、7.5mm、8.5mm和9.5mm长度的吸波短纤维。
将长度为2mm、3mm、4mm和5mm的吸波短纤维,每种长度规格分别为0.6g/m2,与聚氨酯溶液混合,使用喷枪均匀地喷涂在1mm的涤纶间隔织物上,得到第一层的单层柔性吸波材料。
将长度为7.5mm、8.5mm和9.5mm的吸波短纤维,每种长度规格分别为0.3g/m2,与聚氨酯溶液混合,使用喷枪均匀地喷涂在1mm的涤纶间隔织物上,得到第二层的单层柔性吸波材料。
两层总厚度为2mm,克重为110g/m2。
(3)多层复合:使用聚乙酯热熔胶粘合层之间,获得四层复合织物。
由此制得的隐身织物,平方米克重286g/m2、厚度2.6mm。其中,表面织物的红外发射率(8-14μm)为:沙土斑块(低发)0.57、银灰色斑块(低发)0.55、红土斑块(中发)0.68、棕色斑块(中发)0.72、褐土斑块(高发)0.90、黑色斑块(高发)0.91,不同红外斑块发射率之间的差值大于0.1。如图4所示,为本实施例的隐身织物的波频率-反射率曲线,在2-18GHz范围内,小于-10dB的有效吸收带宽为9.9GHz。
实施例3
本实施例的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的结构参见图2所示,制备方法如下:
(1)可见光/红外涂层迷彩布的制备:首先调制6色浆料,颜色分别为浅灰、中灰、银灰色、深灰、棕色、黑色,其中浅灰、中灰、银灰色、棕色浆料中添加适量20μm粒径的铝粉,在涤纶织物基底(85g/m2)的正面通过150目的台版筛网依次涂布浅灰、中灰、银灰色、深灰、棕色、黑色浆料,然后烘干,形成6色城市迷彩图案,总克重为102g/m2。
(2)吸波/柔性介质隔热层的制备:将细度为16.3dtex的玻璃包覆非晶磁性纤维(芯层的直径为9.3μm,壳层厚度为2μm,玻璃包覆非晶磁性纤维直径为10.3μm),短切为2mm、3mm、4mm、5mm、8mm、9mm、10mm、13mm、15mm和17mm长度。
将长度为2mm、3mm、4mm和5mm的吸波短纤维,每个长度分别为0.6g/m2,与4mm纤维素纤维和5mm PET纤维混合,通过湿法成网工艺制备第一层的单层柔性吸波材料;厚度为0.6mm,总克重为65g/m2。
将长度为8mm、9mm和10mm的吸波短纤维,每个长度分别为0.5g/m2,与4mm纤维素纤维和5mm PET纤维混合,通过湿法成网工艺制备第二层的单层柔性吸波材料;厚度为0.6mm,总克重为65g/m2。
将长度为13mm、15mm和17mm的吸波短纤维,每个长度分别为1g/m2,与4mm纤维素纤维和5mm PET纤维混合,通过湿法成网工艺制备第三层的单层柔性吸波材料;厚度为0.4mm,总克重为45g/m2。
三层总厚度为1.8mm,克重为202g/m2。
(3)多层复合:使用油性聚氨酯点涂在层之间,获得五层复合织物。
由此制得的隐身织物,平方米克重295g/m2、厚度2.5mm。其中,表面织物的红外发射率(8-14μm)为:浅灰色斑块(低发)0.51、银灰色斑块(低发)0.55、中灰斑块(中发)0.66、棕色斑块(中发)0.70、深灰斑块(高发)0.91、黑色斑块(高发)0.90,不同红外斑块发射率之间的差值大于0.1。如图5所示,为本实施例的隐身织物的波频率-反射率曲线,在2-18GHz范围内,小于-10dB的有效吸收带宽为10.5GHz。
对比例1
本对比例参照实施例1,且步骤(1)和(3)与实施例1相同。本例与实施例1的区别仅在于吸波/柔性介质隔热层的制备方法不同。在本例中,准备与实施例1相同规格的玻璃包覆非晶磁性短切纤维,包括长度为3mm、5mm、6mm、7mm、8mm、9mm、12mm和14mm的吸波短纤维,但不分层分散。
其中,将长度为3mm、5mm、7mm和9mm的吸波短纤维(每种长度规格的分散密度为1g/m2)和长度为6mm、8mm、10mm和12mm的吸波短纤维(每种长度规格的分散密度为0.5g/m2)混合在一起,通过筛分方式分散在1.1mm的聚氨酯海绵上,喷涂水性聚氨酯固定纤维,得到单层柔性吸波材料。厚度为1.1mm,克重为54g/m2。按前述方式制备两层柔性吸波材料。最后多层复合方式参见实施例1。
本例制备的隐身织物表面织物的红外发射情况与实施例1相同,其波频率-反射率曲线如图6所示,在2-18GHz范围内,小于-10dB的有效吸收带宽为3GHz,对比实施例1的反射率曲线,吸波带宽窄,强度低。
对比例2
本对比例参照实施例1,且步骤(1)和(3)与实施例1相同。本例与实施例1的区别仅在于吸波/柔性介质隔热层的制备方法不同,具体地:将实施例1中第一层的单层柔性吸波材料与第二层的单层柔性吸波材料颠倒叠置顺序。两层总厚度为2.2mm,克重为105g/m2。最后多层复合方式参见实施例1。由此制得的隐身织物,平方米克重275g/m2、厚度2.8mm。
本例制备的隐身织物表面织物的红外发射情况与实施例1相同,其波频率-反射率曲线如图7所示,在2-18GHz范围内,小于-10dB的有效吸收带宽为2.56GHz,对比实施例1的反射率曲线,吸波带宽窄。
对比例3
本对比例参照实施例1,且步骤(1)和(3)与实施例1相同。本例与实施例1的区别仅在于吸波/柔性介质隔热层的制备方法不同,具体地:将实施例1中的玻璃包覆非晶磁性纤维短切得到24mm和38mm的长度。将长度为24mm的吸波短纤维以4g/m2的分散密度,通过筛分方式分散在1.1mm的聚氨酯海绵上,喷涂水性聚氨酯以固定纤维,得到第一层的单层柔性吸波材料。再将长度为38mm的吸波短纤维以2g/m2的分散密度,通过筛分方式分散在1.1mm的聚氨酯海绵上,喷涂水性聚氨酯以固定纤维,得到第二层的单层柔性吸波材料。两层总厚度为2.2mm,克重为105g/m2。最后多层复合方式参见实施例1。由此制得的隐身织物,平方米克重275g/m2、厚度2.8mm。
本例制备的隐身织物表面织物的红外发射情况与实施例1相同,其波频率-反射率曲线如图8所示,在2-18GHz范围内,小于-10dB的有效吸收带宽为0GHz,对比实施例1的反射率曲线,吸波效果极差。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物,其特征在于,从上表面到下表面依次叠置有光学/红外兼容迷彩层、吸波/柔性介质隔热层、防护层;所述防护层为轻质且透气的织物;
所述光学/红外兼容迷彩层是以轻薄织物为基材,在其上表面印染或涂布光学/红外迷彩,所述光学/红外迷彩包含4种以上颜色的迷彩斑块,其中至少三种迷彩斑块的红外发射率差值不小于0.1;
所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层是由短切纤维类吸波剂与柔性介质材料复合形成的兼具吸波、承载和隔热功能的复合功能层;其中,纤维类吸波剂包含与吸波频段密切相关、以中心长度为基础的不同长度分布的吸波短纤维;该复合层总厚度不大于3mm,平面状态下测试时,反射率不大于-10dB的带宽不低于8GHz。
若将吸波/柔性介质隔热层靠近上表面的一侧为外侧,靠近防护层的一侧为内侧,由外侧到内侧将吸波/柔性介质隔热层分为若干层,每层的吸波短纤维均包含与吸波频段密切相关、以中心长度为基础的不同长度分布的吸波短纤维,每层的吸波短纤维具有中心长度,吸波短纤维中心长度从外侧到内侧为依次递增。
2.根据权利要求1所述的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物,其特征在于,所述防护层为涤纶、丙纶或粘胶纤维制备的机织物,其厚度不大于0.5mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物,其特征在于,所述光学/红外迷彩包含5种以上颜色的迷彩斑块。
4.根据权利要求3所述的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物,其特征在于,所述光学/红外迷彩的颜色包括黄绿色、深绿、银灰色、棕色和黑色;或者沙土、红土、褐土、银灰色、棕色和黑色;或者浅灰、中灰、银灰色、深灰、棕色和黑色。
5.根据权利要求1所述的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物,其特征在于,所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层中,所述纤维类吸波剂为玻璃包覆非晶磁性纤维、不锈钢纤维、碳纤维、改性碳纤维、改性碳化硅纤维、多晶铁纤维、铁镍纤维及铁钴镍纤维中的一种或几种的组合;所述吸波短纤维包含长度分布1-20mm的吸波短纤维。
6.根据权利要求1所述的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物,其特征在于,所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层中的柔性介质材料为泡沫/海绵、纺织物或无纺织物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物,其特征在于,所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层中的柔性介质材料平方米重量不大于100g/m2,厚度不大于1.5mm,介电常数2.1-4.7。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物,其特征在于,所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层的制备方法包括以下方式中的任一种:
方式一:将纤维类吸波剂与粘合剂混合涂布得到吸波层,吸波层复合到柔性介质材料上得到单层柔性吸波材料,所述吸波层厚度为40-3000μm,所述柔性介质材料的厚度为0.5-3mm;将两层或两层以上的单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层;
方式二:将纤维类吸波剂与普通纺织短纤维混合,通过湿法成网工艺制备得到单层柔性吸波材料;单层柔性吸波材料的厚度不低于0.5mm;将两层或两层以上的单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层;
方式三:将纤维类吸波剂与粘合剂混合涂布得到吸波层,吸波层复合到柔性介质材料上得到第一单层柔性吸波材料;将纤维类吸波剂与普通纺织短纤维混合,通过湿法成网工艺制备得到第二单层柔性吸波材料;将前述第一、第二单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物,其特征在于,所述普通纺织短纤维为粘胶纤维、聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维、纤维素纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、水溶性维纶纤维、聚丙烯酸纤维、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物纤维、PE/PP纤维或PE/PET纤维中的一种或几种。
10.一种平面状轻柔宽波段隐身织物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
S1、制备光学/红外兼容迷彩层:
将光学/红外染料印染在轻薄织物基材的上侧面或者将光学/红外涂料涂布在轻薄织物基材的上侧面,以得到光学/红外兼容迷彩图案,所述迷彩图案包含4种以上颜色的迷彩斑块,其中至少三种迷彩斑块的红外发射率差值不小于0.1;
S2、制备吸波/柔性介质隔热层,制备方法为下述方法之一或组合:
方式一:将纤维类吸波剂与粘合剂混合涂布得到吸波层,吸波层复合到柔性介质材料上得到单层柔性吸波材料,所述吸波层厚度为40-3000μm,所述柔性介质材料的厚度为0.5-3mm;将两层或两层以上的单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层;
方式二:将纤维类吸波剂与普通纺织短纤维混合,通过湿法成网工艺制备得到单层柔性吸波材料;单层柔性吸波材料的厚度不低于0.5mm;将两层或两层以上的单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层;
方式三:将纤维类吸波剂与粘合剂混合涂布得到吸波层,吸波层复合到柔性介质材料上得到第一单层柔性吸波材料;所述吸波层厚度为40-3000μm,所述柔性介质材料的厚度为0.5-3mm;将纤维类吸波剂与普通纺织短纤维混合,通过湿法成网工艺制备得到厚度不低于0.5mm的第二单层柔性吸波材料;将前述第一、第二单层柔性吸波材料叠置复合得到所述吸波/柔性介质隔热层;
S3、复合
将光学/红外兼容迷彩层、吸波/柔性介质隔热层、防护层通过粘合剂或缝纫线连接固定。
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