CN116825964A - Multilayer electrode and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Multilayer electrode and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116825964A
CN116825964A CN202310922590.2A CN202310922590A CN116825964A CN 116825964 A CN116825964 A CN 116825964A CN 202310922590 A CN202310922590 A CN 202310922590A CN 116825964 A CN116825964 A CN 116825964A
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China
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active material
electrode
electrode active
current collector
carbon
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南艺真
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LG Energy Solution Ltd
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LG Energy Solution Ltd
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Priority claimed from PCT/KR2018/014851 external-priority patent/WO2019107930A1/en
Publication of CN116825964A publication Critical patent/CN116825964A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The present application relates to a multilayer electrode and a method for manufacturing the same. The multilayer electrode comprises an electrode current collector and more than two electrode active material layers sequentially coated on one or two surfaces of the electrode current collector, wherein the electrode active material layers comprise an electrode active material containing a carbon-based material and a silicon-based material, a binder, a conductive material and a thickener; based on the formation direction of the electrode active material layers, in the electrode active material layers adjacent to each other, the content of the carbon-based material and the binder of the electrode active material layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector is greater than the content of the carbon-based material and the binder of the electrode active material layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector, respectively, and the content of the silicon-based material of the electrode active material layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector is greater than the content of the silicon-based material of the electrode active material layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector; the multi-layered electrode includes 1 st to nth electrode active material layers, and the 1 st electrode active material layer contains no silicon-based material.

Description

Multilayer electrode and method for manufacturing the same
The application relates to a divisional application, the application number of the original application is 201880018067.4, the application date is 2018, 11 and 28, and the application is a multi-layer electrode and a manufacturing method thereof.
Technical Field
Cross Reference to Related Applications
The present application claims the benefits of korean patent application No. 10-2017-0163157 filed in the korean intellectual property office on the date of 2017, 11 and 30 and korean patent application No. 10-2018-0148559 filed in the date of 2018, 11 and 27, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure relates to a multilayer electrode and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a multilayer electrode capable of improving electrode durability and battery performance, and a method of manufacturing the same.
Background
As technology advances and demands for various devices increase, demands for using secondary batteries as energy sources rapidly increase. Among these secondary batteries, lithium secondary batteries having high energy density and voltage, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate are commercially available and widely used.
In such a lithium secondary battery, as a positive electrodeThe active material is usually lithium-containing cobalt oxide (LiCoO) having a layered crystal structure 2 ) LiMnO having layered crystal structure 2 LiMn having spinel crystal structure 2 O 4 Lithium-containing nickel oxide (LiNiO) 2 ). As the negative electrode active material, a carbon material is mainly used. Recently, as the demand for high-energy lithium secondary batteries increases, it is being considered to mix silicon-based materials or silicon oxide-based materials having an effective capacity 10 times or more that of the carbon-based materials.
On the other hand, an electrode used in such a lithium secondary battery is manufactured as follows: an electrode active material slurry containing an electrode active material is coated on at least one surface of an electrode current collector and then dried. At this time, the electrode generally includes a single electrode active material layer, and such electrode active material layer is coated with a coating die (die) having one discharge portion. Fig. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration in which an electrode active material slurry single layer 12 is coated onto a current collector 11 with a coating die 10 having one discharge portion.
However, since a high-load electrode for a high-load battery is increasingly required, it is difficult to manufacture such an electrode not only when manufacturing an electrode including a single electrode active material layer, but also durability of the electrode and performance of the battery may be deteriorated, which may be problematic.
Disclosure of Invention
[ technical problem ]
Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a multi-layered electrode capable of improving adhesion between an electrode active material layer and an electrode current collector and improving rate characteristics during discharge of a battery, and a method of manufacturing the same.
Technical scheme
According to an aspect of the present application, there is provided a multi-layered electrode comprising: an electrode current collector, and two or more electrode active material layers sequentially coated on one surface or both surfaces of the electrode current collector,
wherein the electrode active material layers each comprise a carbon-based material, a binder, and a silicon-based material,
wherein, based on the formation direction of the electrode active material layers, the content of the carbon-based material and the content of the binder in the electrode active material layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector are larger than the content of the carbon-based material and the content of the binder in the electrode active material layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector in the electrode active material layers adjacent to each other, and
wherein the content of the silicon-based material in the electrode active material layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector is greater than the content of the silicon-based material in the electrode active material layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector.
Here, the carbon-based material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of artificial graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, super-P, graphene, and fibrous carbon.
In addition, the silicon-based material may include a material selected from the group consisting of SiO x (0≤x<2) At least one of the group consisting of pure Si and Si alloys.
In addition, the binder may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, and fluororubber.
In addition, the multi-layered electrode may include 2 to 4 electrode active material layers.
In a more specific example, the multi-layered electrode includes 1 st to nth electrode active material layers (where n is an integer of 2 to 4), the electrode active material layers including carbon-based materials and binders in amounts gradually decreasing in a direction away from the electrode current collector; and is also provided with
The n-th electrode active material layer may contain the carbon-based material and the binder in amounts of 0% to 99%, respectively, of the content (wt%) of the carbon-based material and the binder contained in the n-1-th electrode active material layer.
In the multilayer electrode of this embodiment, the amounts of the silicon-based materials contained in the 1 st to n-th electrode active material layers gradually increase in the direction away from the electrode current collector; and is also provided with
The n-1 th electrode active material layer may contain the silicon-based material in an amount of 0% to 99% of the content (wt%) of the silicon-based material contained in the n-th electrode active material layer.
In addition, the multilayer electrode may be a negative electrode.
Meanwhile, according to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of manufacturing a multi-layered electrode, the method including coating two or more layers of electrode active material pastes on one surface or both surfaces of an electrode current collector, wherein the electrode active material pastes have different component contents, and wherein each electrode active material paste is simultaneously discharged through each discharge part of a die having a plurality of discharge parts, thereby forming electrode active material paste layers laminated in two or more layers on the electrode current collector.
Here, the electrode active material slurry layers each include a carbon-based material, a binder, and a silicon-based material, wherein, in the electrode active material slurry layers adjacent to each other, the content of the carbon-based material and the content of the binder in the electrode active material slurry layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector are greater than the content of the carbon-based material and the content of the binder in the electrode active material slurry layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector, and wherein the content of the silicon-based material in the electrode active material slurry layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector is greater than the content of the silicon-based material in the electrode active material slurry layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector, based on the formation direction of the electrode active material slurry layers.
Meanwhile, according to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a lithium secondary battery including: an electrode assembly including a positive electrode, a negative electrode including the multilayer electrode, and a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; a non-aqueous electrolyte for impregnating the electrode assembly; and a battery case containing the electrode assembly and the nonaqueous electrolyte.
Further, according to the present disclosure, there are provided a battery module (battery pack) including the lithium secondary battery of the present disclosure as a unit cell and a battery pack (battery pack) including the same, and an apparatus including the battery pack as a power source.
Here, the device may be an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or an energy storage system.
Advantageous effects
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, since the carbon-based material content and the binder content in the electrode active material layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector are relatively large, the adhesion between the electrode active material layer and the electrode current collector is improved, and the durability of the electrode may be improved.
In addition, since the silicon-based material content in the electrode active material layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector is relatively large, the rate characteristics during discharge can be improved and the performance of the battery can be improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and together with the foregoing disclosure serve to provide a further understanding of the technical spirit of the present disclosure. However, the present disclosure should not be construed as being limited to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a view schematically showing a configuration of coating a single-layer electrode active material slurry on an electrode current collector with a coating die having one discharge portion of the related art.
Fig. 2 is a view schematically showing a configuration in which three layers of electrode active material slurry are coated on a current collector with a coating die having three discharge portions according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a view schematically showing a configuration in which four layers of electrode active material slurry are coated on a current collector with a coating die having four discharge portions according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the terms or words used in the specification and the appended claims should not be construed as limited to general and dictionary meanings, but interpreted based on the principle that the inventor can define terms appropriately to best explain the application, the meanings and concepts corresponding to technical aspects of the disclosure.
Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the present specification and the structures shown in the drawings are only the most preferable embodiments of the present disclosure, they do not represent all technical ideas of the present disclosure, and therefore, it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modifications capable of replacing them at the time of submitting the present application.
The multi-layered electrode of one aspect of the present application includes an electrode current collector and two or more electrode active material layers sequentially coated on one surface or both surfaces of the electrode current collector,
wherein the electrode active material layers each include a carbon-based material, a binder, and a silicon-based material,
wherein, based on the formation direction of the electrode active material layers, the content of the carbon-based material and the content of the binder in the electrode active material layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector are larger than the content of the carbon-based material and the content of the binder in the electrode active material layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector in the electrode active material layers adjacent to each other, and
wherein the content of the silicon-based material in the electrode active material layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector is greater than the content of the silicon-based material in the electrode active material layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector.
In general, an electrode is manufactured by coating an electrode active material slurry having a single composition onto an electrode current collector and then drying it. However, since a high-load electrode is required, when an electrode is manufactured in a conventional manner, it is difficult to manufacture not only such an electrode but also problems such as deterioration of durability of the electrode and performance of the battery occur.
However, as in the multi-layered electrode of the one aspect, since the carbon-based material content and the binder content in the electrode active material layer positioned close to the electrode current collector are relatively large, the adhesion with the electrode current collector can be improved, and the durability of the electrode can be improved. Since the silicon-based material content in the electrode active material layer located away from the electrode current collector is relatively large, the rate characteristics during discharge can be improved and the performance of the battery can be improved.
Here, the carbon-based material may include at least one selected from the group consisting of artificial graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, super-P, graphene, and fibrous carbon.
In addition, the silicon-based material may include a material selected from the group consisting of SiO x (0≤x<2) At least one of the group consisting of pure Si and Si alloys.
In addition, the binder may include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, and fluororubber. In addition, various polymer materials known to be capable of providing adhesion between the electrode current collector and the electrode active material layer may be included.
In a more specific example of the multi-layered electrode of one aspect, the multi-layered electrode may include 2 to 4 layers, or 2 to 3 electrode active material layers formed on the electrode current collector.
More specifically, such a multi-layered electrode may include 1 st to nth electrode active material layers (where n is an integer of 2 to 4, or 2 to 3) that contain amounts of carbon-based materials and binders that gradually decrease in a direction away from the electrode current collector.
In 2 to 4 layers or 2 to 3 electrode active material layers stacked in this manner, the amount of the carbon-based material and the binder contained in the optional nth electrode active material layer may be reduced to 0 to 99% of the corresponding contents (wt%) of the carbon-based material and the binder contained in the nth-1 electrode active material layer formed adjacent thereto and closer to the electrode current collector.
In more specific embodiments, when two sequentially stacked electrode active material layers are formed, the amount of the carbon-based material contained in the second electrode active material layer may be reduced to 0 to 99%, or 80 to 98%, or 90 to 97% of the content (wt%) of the carbon-based material contained in the first electrode active material layer formed adjacent thereto and closer to the electrode current collector. In addition, the amount of the binder contained in the second electrode active material layer may be reduced to 0% to 99%, or 20% to 80%, or 40% to 60% of the content (wt%) of the binder contained in the first electrode active material layer formed adjacent thereto and closer to the electrode current collector.
Therefore, since 2 to 4 electrode active material layers each including a carbon-based material and a binder, the amounts of which are gradually reduced with respect to the adjacent electrode active material layers in a direction away from the electrode current collector, are sequentially stacked, the electrode active material layers can have excellent adhesion even in a high-load electrode, and have excellent durability as a whole with the electrode current collector.
In addition, in the above-described multi-layered electrode, the 1 st to nth electrode active material layers may include a silicon-based material in an amount gradually increasing in a direction away from the electrode current collector. Further, among the 2 to 4 layers or the 2 to 3 electrode active material layers sequentially stacked in this manner, the optional n-1 th electrode active material layer may contain the silicon-based material in an amount of 0 to 99% by weight of the silicon-based material contained in the n-th electrode active material layer formed adjacent thereto and further from the electrode current collector.
In more specific embodiments, when two sequentially stacked electrode active material layers are formed, the amount of silicon-based material contained in the first electrode active material layer may be reduced to 0% to 99%, or 0% to 10%, or 0% to 5% of the content (wt%) of silicon-based material contained in the second electrode active material layer formed adjacent thereto and further away from the electrode current collector.
Therefore, since 2 to 4 electrode active material layers including a silicon-based material, the amount of which is gradually increased with respect to the adjacent electrode active material layers in a direction further away from the electrode current collector, are sequentially stacked, it is possible to further improve the rate characteristics and performance of the battery while maintaining the above-described durability of the high-load electrode.
The multilayer electrode of one aspect as described above may be, for example, a negative electrode of a lithium secondary battery.
Meanwhile, fig. 2 and 3 schematically show a configuration in which two or more electrode active material slurry layers are coated on a current collector using a coating die having a plurality of discharge parts according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a method of manufacturing a multi-layered electrode according to another aspect of the present disclosure includes coating two or more electrode active material slurry layers 120, 130, 140, and 150 onto one surface or both surfaces of an electrode current collector 110, wherein the electrode active material slurries have different component contents, and wherein each electrode active material slurry is simultaneously discharged through each discharge portion of a die 100 having a plurality of discharge portions. Thus, electrode active material slurry layers of two or more layers, or 2 to 4 layers, or 2 to 3 layers, are sequentially stacked on the electrode current collector, so that the multilayer electrode of the above one aspect can be formed.
In the above figures, only 3 or 4 layers of electrode active material slurry are shown, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
Therefore, by simultaneously discharging a plurality of electrode active material slurries with one die head having a large number of discharge portions to coat the electrode active material slurry layer, it becomes possible to easily and efficiently manufacture a high-load electrode.
At this time, the electrode active material slurry and layers thereof include a carbon-based material, a binder, and a silicon-based material, wherein, in the electrode active material slurry layers adjacent to each other, the content of the carbon-based material and the content of the binder in the electrode active material layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector are greater than the content of the carbon-based material and the content of the binder in the electrode active material slurry layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector, based on the formation direction of the electrode active material slurry layers, and wherein the content of the silicon-based material in the electrode active material slurry layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector is greater than the content of the silicon-based material in the electrode active material slurry layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector.
Thereby, as described above, the adhesion with the electrode current collector is improved, and the durability of the electrode can be improved. Also, the rate characteristics during discharge of the battery are improved, and the performance of the battery can be improved.
Meanwhile, the carbon-based material, the binder, the silicon-based material, and the like, which may be contained in the electrode active material slurry, have been described with respect to the multi-layer electrode of one aspect, and thus further explanation thereof will be omitted.
Meanwhile, according to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a lithium secondary battery including: an electrode assembly including a positive electrode, a negative electrode including the multilayer electrode of one aspect described above, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; a non-aqueous electrolyte for impregnating the electrode assembly; and a battery case accommodating the electrode assembly and the nonaqueous electrolyte.
At this time, the positive electrode is composed of a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on at least one surface thereof.
The positive electrode active material included in the positive electrode active material layer may include a lithium transition metal oxide represented by the following chemical formula 1 or 2.
Li x M y Mn 2-y O 4-z A z (1)
Wherein M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, mg, ni, co, fe, cr, V, ti, cu, B, ca, zn, zr, nb, mo, sr, sb, W, ti and Bi;
a is-1 or-2 or higher valent anion;
x is 0.9.ltoreq.1.2, 0< y <2, and 0.ltoreq.z <0.2.
(1-x)LiM’O 2-y A y -xLi 2 MnO 3-y’ A y’ (2)
Wherein M' is Mn a M b ；
M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, ti, co, al, cu, fe, mg, B, cr, zr, zn and a second transition series transition metal;
a is selected from anions (e.g. PO 4 、BO 3 、CO 3 F and NO 3 ) At least one of the group consisting of;
0<x<1，0<y≤0.02，0<y’≤0.02，0.5≤a≤1.0，0≤b≤0.5，a+b＝1。
meanwhile, the positive electrode active material layer may further include a binder and a conductive material.
Further, the positive electrode is manufactured by coating an electrode mixture (a mixture of a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder) on a portion of the positive electrode current collector other than the uncoated portion, and a filler may be further added to the mixture as needed.
In addition to the lithium transition metal oxide represented by chemical formula 1 or 2, the positive electrode active material may include: layered compounds, e.g. lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO) 2 ) Or lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO) 2 ) Or a compound substituted with one or more transition metals; lithium manganese oxides, e.g. of formula Li 1+x Mn 2-x O 4 (wherein x is 0 to 0.33), liMnO 3 、LiMn 2 O 3 And LiMnO 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Lithium copper oxide (Li) 2 CuO 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Vanadium oxides, e.g. LiV 3 O 8 、LiFe 3 O 4 、V 2 O 5 And Cu 2 V 2 O 7 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the From LiNi 1-x M x O 2 (wherein m= Co, mn, al, cu, fe, mg, B or Ga, x=0.01 to 0.3); from LiMn 2-x M x O 2 (wherein m= Co, ni, fe, cr, zn or Ta, x=0.01 to 0.1) or Li 2 Mn 3 MO 8 (wherein m= Fe, co, ni, cu or Zn) to form a lithium manganese composite oxide; from LiNi x Mn 2-x O 4 The lithium manganese composite oxide having a spinel structure is represented; liMn in which some Li atoms are replaced by alkaline earth metal ions 2 O 4 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Disulfide; and Fe (Fe) 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 Etc., but is not limited thereto.
The positive electrode current collector is generally manufactured to have a thickness of 3 to 500 μm. Such a positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity and does not cause any chemical changes in the battery. For example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel materials surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, or silver, or the like, may be used. The current collector may form microscopic irregularities on the surface thereof to increase the adhesive strength of the positive electrode active material, and it may be used in various shapes, such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a non-woven fabric, and the like.
The conductive material is generally added in an amount of 1 to 50 wt% based on the total weight of the mixture including the positive electrode active material. The conductive material is not particularly restricted so long as it has conductivity and does not cause any chemical change in the battery. As the conductive material, for example, it is possible to use: graphite, such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon black, such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, or summer black; conductive fibers, such as carbon fibers or metal fibers; metal powder such as carbon fluoride powder, aluminum powder or nickel powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; or a polyphenylene derivative.
Further, the binder is a component that assists adhesion between the active material and the conductive material or the like and adhesion to the current collector, and the amount of the binder added is generally 1 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture including the positive electrode active material. Examples of such binders include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluororubber, and various copolymers.
In addition, a filler is optionally used as a component for suppressing expansion of the positive electrode. The filler is not particularly limited as long as it is a fibrous material that does not cause chemical changes in the battery. Examples of fillers include: olefinic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; and fibrous materials such as glass fibers and carbon fibers.
On the other hand, the anode may contain, in addition to the carbon-based material and the silicon-based material, as an anode active material: metal complex oxides, e.g. Li x Fe 2 O 3 (0≤x≤1)、Li x WO 2 (0≤x≤1)、Sn x Me 1-x Me’ y O z (Me: mn, fe, pb, ge; me': al, B, P, si, group 1,2 and 3 elements,halogen; 0<x is less than or equal to 1; y is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3; z is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8); lithium metal; a lithium alloy; a tin-based alloy; metal oxides, e.g. SnO, snO 2 、PbO、PbO 2 、Pb 2 O 3 、Pb 3 O 4 、Sb 2 O 3 、Sb 2 O 4 、Sb 2 O 5 、GeO、GeO 2 、Bi 2 O 3 、Bi 2 O 4 And Bi (Bi) 2 O 5 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Conductive polymers such as polyacetylene; li-Co-Ni based material; titanium oxide; and lithium titanium oxide, etc., but is not limited thereto.
Further, the anode current collector constituting the anode is generally manufactured to have a thickness of 3 to 500 μm. Such a negative electrode collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity and does not cause any chemical change in the battery. For example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel materials surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like, aluminum-cadmium alloys, and the like can be used. Further, the negative electrode current collector may form microscopic irregularities on the surface thereof to increase the adhesion of the negative electrode active material, similarly to the positive electrode current collector, and may be used in various shapes, such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, a nonwoven fabric, and the like.
Meanwhile, a separator is located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an insulating film having high ion permeability and mechanical strength is used. The pore diameter of the separator is usually 0.01 to 10 μm, and the thickness thereof is usually 5 to 300 μm. As an example of the separator, for example, it is possible to use: olefin polymers, such as polypropylene, which have chemical resistance and hydrophobicity; a sheet or nonwoven fabric made of glass fiber or polyethylene, etc. When a solid electrolyte (e.g., a polymer) is used as the electrolyte, the solid electrolyte may also serve as a separator.
The nonaqueous electrolyte consists of a nonaqueous electrolyte and a lithium salt. As the nonaqueous electrolyte, a nonaqueous organic solvent, an organic solid electrolyte, an inorganic solid electrolyte, or the like is used, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
As examples of the nonaqueous organic solvent, aprotic organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, γ -butyrolactone, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydroxyflange g (Franc), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1, 3-dioxolane, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, methyl acetate, phosphotriester, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivatives, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, ethers, methyl propionate, and ethyl propionate can be mentioned.
Further, examples of the organic solid electrolyte include polyethylene derivatives, polyethylene oxide derivatives, polypropylene oxide derivatives, phosphate polymers, stirring lysines (agitation lysines), polyester sulfides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylidene fluorides, and polymers containing an ion dissociating group.
Further, examples of the inorganic solid electrolyte include nitrides, halides and sulfates of lithium (Li), such as Li 3 N、LiI、Li 5 NI 2 、Li 3 N-LiI-LiOH、LiSiO 4 、LiSiO 4 -LiI-LiOH、Li 2 SiS 3 、Li 4 SiO 4 、Li 4 SiO 4 -LiI-LiOH and Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S-SiS 2 。
In addition, lithium salts are materials that are readily soluble in nonaqueous electrolytes. Examples include, but are not limited to LiCl, liBr, liI, liClO 4 、LiBF 4 、LiB 10 Cl 10 、LiPF 6 、LiCF 3 SO 3 、LiCF 3 CO 2 、LiAsF 6 、LiSbF 6 、LiAlCl 4 、CH 3 SO 3 Li、(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, chloroborane lithium, lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium, tetraphenyl borate lithium, imidization compound, and the like.
In addition, in order to improve charge/discharge characteristics and flame retardancy, for example, pyridine, triethyl phosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylenediamine, N-glyme, hexaphosphoric triamide, nitrobenzene derivatives, sulfur, quinone imine dyes, N-substituted oxazolidinones, N-substituted imidazolidines, ethylene glycol dialkyl ethers, ammonium salts, pyrrole, 2-methoxyethanol, aluminum trichloride, or the like may be added to the lithium salt-containing nonaqueous electrolyte. If desired, the electrolyte may also include halogen-containing solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride and ethylene trifluoride, in order to impart incombustibility. In addition, in order to improve high-temperature storage properties, the electrolyte may further contain carbon dioxide gas, and may further include fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), propylene sultone (PRS), and the like.
In one specific example, a catalyst such as LiPF 6 、LiClO 4 、LiBF 4 And LiN (SO) 2 CF 3 ) 2 The lithium salt is added to a mixed solvent of a cyclic carbonate EC or PC as a high dielectric solvent and a linear carbonate DEC, DMC or EMC as a low viscosity solvent, thereby preparing a non-aqueous electrolyte containing the lithium salt.
Meanwhile, according to another aspect of the present disclosure, there are provided a battery module including the lithium secondary battery as a unit cell, a battery pack including the battery module, and an apparatus including the battery pack as a power source.
Here, examples of the device may be an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or an energy storage system, but are not limited thereto.
The application is described in more detail by the following examples. However, these examples are given for illustrative purposes only, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
Example 1: preparation of multilayer electrode-preparation of double-layer electrode
A graphite mixture of artificial graphite and natural graphite in a weight ratio of 90:10 was used as a negative electrode active material, 1 part by weight of carbon black as a conductive material, 3 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride as a first binder, and 1.1 parts by weight of CMC as a thickener were mixed based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material, and water was added thereto as a solvent to prepare a first negative electrode slurry.
A graphite mixture (artificial graphite and natural graphite in a weight ratio of 90:10) and silicon-based oxide (SiO) were mixed at a weight ratio of 94:6 to obtain a negative electrode active material, 1.5 parts by weight of carbon black as a conductive material, 1.6 parts by weight of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a second binder, and 1.1 parts by weight of CMC as a thickener were mixed based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material, and water was added thereto as a solvent to prepare a second negative electrode slurry.
The first and second negative electrode pastes are simultaneously discharged onto the copper foil through the corresponding discharge portions of the die head having two discharge portions. Thus, the first negative electrode paste and the second negative electrode paste were simultaneously coated on the copper foil at a thickness ratio of 5:5, and applied to a total thickness of 300 μm. Then, the resultant was dried and pressed to prepare a negative electrode.
Example 2: preparation of multilayer electrode-preparation of double-layer electrode
A graphite mixture of artificial graphite and natural graphite in a weight ratio of 90:10 was used as a negative electrode active material, 1 part by weight of carbon black as a conductive material, 2.6 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride as a first binder, and 1.1 parts by weight of CMC as a thickener were mixed based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material, and water was added thereto as a solvent to prepare a first negative electrode slurry.
A graphite mixture (artificial graphite and natural graphite in a weight ratio of 90:10) and silicon-based oxide (SiO) were mixed at a weight ratio of 94:6 to obtain a negative electrode active material, 1.5 parts by weight of carbon black as a conductive material, 2.0 parts by weight of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) as a second binder, and 1.1 parts by weight of CMC as a thickener were mixed based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material, and water was added thereto as a solvent to prepare a second negative electrode slurry.
The first and second negative electrode pastes are simultaneously discharged onto the copper foil through the corresponding discharge portions of the die head having two discharge portions. Thus, the first negative electrode paste and the second negative electrode paste were simultaneously coated on the copper foil at a thickness ratio of 5:5, and applied to a total thickness of 300 μm. Then, the resultant was dried and pressed to prepare a negative electrode.
Comparative example 1: preparation of Single layer electrode
A graphite mixture (artificial graphite and natural graphite in a weight ratio of 90:10) and silicon-based oxide (SiO) were mixed in a weight ratio of 97:3 to obtain a negative electrode active material, 1.5 parts by weight of carbon black as a conductive material, 2.3 parts by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, and 1.1 parts by weight of CMC as a thickener were mixed based on 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material, and water was added thereto as a solvent to prepare a negative electrode slurry.
The negative electrode slurry was coated on a copper foil and applied to a thickness of 300 μm. Then, the resultant was dried and pressed to prepare a negative electrode.
Experimental example 1: evaluation of adhesion
The negative electrode obtained by each of the above examples and comparative examples was cut into 70mm (length) ×25mm (width), and the prepared negative electrode and separator were laminated using a press under conditions of 70 ℃ and 4MPa to prepare samples. The prepared sample was fixed to a glass plate using double-sided tape, and a negative electrode was placed facing the glass plate. The membrane portion of the sample was peeled off at a rate of 25mm/min at an angle of 180℃and the strength was measured.
The adhesion of each electrode was evaluated by peel strength, and the evaluation results are summarized in table 1 below. This peel strength evaluation was repeated 10 times, and the range of the evaluation results repeated 10 times is shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Examples Adhesion (peel strength; gf/20 mm)
Example 1 36～38
Example 2 28～30
Comparative example 1 18～23
Referring to table 1, it was confirmed that the electrode of the example exhibited excellent adhesion as compared to the electrode of the comparative example. Further, it was confirmed that the electrodes of the examples exhibited a level of rate characteristics during discharge equal to or higher than that of the comparative examples, since the content of the silicon-based active material was the same in the entire electrode composition, in addition to the excellent adhesion described above.
[ symbolic description ]
10: die head with a discharge portion
11,110: electrode current collector
12: electrode active material slurry layer
100: die head with multiple discharge portions
120: a first electrode active material slurry layer
130: second electrode active material slurry layer
140: third electrode active material slurry layer
150: fourth electrode active material slurry layer

Claims (11)

1. A multilayer electrode, comprising: an electrode current collector, and two or more electrode active material layers sequentially coated on one surface or both surfaces of the electrode current collector,
wherein the electrode active material layer contains an electrode active material containing a carbon-based material and a silicon-based material, a binder, a conductive material, and a thickener,
wherein, based on the formation direction of the electrode active material layers, in the electrode active material layers adjacent to each other, the weight percentage content of the carbon-based material in the electrode active material layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector is larger than the weight percentage content of the carbon-based material in the electrode active material layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector, the weight percentage content of the binder in the electrode active material layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector is larger than the weight percentage content of the binder in the electrode active material layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector, and
wherein the weight percentage content of the silicon-based material in the electrode active material layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector is greater than the weight percentage content of the silicon-based material in the electrode active material layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector;
wherein the multi-layered electrode includes 1 st electrode active material layers to nth electrode active material layers, and the 1 st electrode active material layer contains no silicon-based material.
2. The multilayer electrode of claim 1, wherein the carbon-based material comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of artificial graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, super-P, graphene, and fibrous carbon.
3. The multilayer electrode of claim 1, wherein the silicon-based material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of SiO x At least one of the group consisting of pure Si and Si alloys, wherein 0.ltoreq.x<2。
4. The multilayer electrode of claim 1, wherein the binder comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, and fluororubber.
5. The multilayer electrode according to claim 1, comprising 2 to 4 electrode active material layers.
6. The multilayer electrode according to claim 5, wherein the multilayer electrode comprises 1 st to nth electrode active material layers, wherein n is an integer of 2 to 4, the electrode active material layers comprising amounts of carbon-based material and binder gradually decreasing in a direction away from the electrode current collector;
the n-th electrode active material layer contains the carbon-based material in an amount of 90 to 97 wt% of the content of the carbon-based material contained in the n-1-th electrode active material layer; and is also provided with
The n-th electrode active material layer contains the binder in an amount of 0 wt% to 99 wt% of the content of the binder contained in the n-1-th electrode active material layer.
7. The multilayer electrode according to claim 6, wherein the amounts of silicon-based materials contained in the 1 st to n-th electrode active material layers gradually increase in a direction away from the electrode current collector; and is also provided with
The n-1 th electrode active material layer contains the silicon-based material in an amount of 0 wt% to 99 wt% of the content of the silicon-based material contained in the n-th electrode active material layer.
8. The multilayer electrode of claim 1, wherein the multilayer electrode is a negative electrode.
9. A method of manufacturing a multi-layered electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising coating two or more layers of electrode active material slurry on one surface or both surfaces of an electrode current collector,
wherein the electrode active material slurries have different component contents, and
wherein each electrode active material slurry is simultaneously discharged through each discharge portion of a die having a plurality of discharge portions, thereby forming two electrode active material slurry layers stacked on the electrode current collector;
wherein each of the electrode active material slurry layers contains an electrode active material containing a carbon-based material and a silicon-based material, a binder, a conductive material, and a thickener,
wherein, based on the formation direction of the electrode active material slurry layers, in the electrode active material slurry layers adjacent to each other, the weight percentage content of the carbon-based material in the electrode active material slurry layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector is larger than the weight percentage content of the carbon-based material in the electrode active material slurry layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector, the weight percentage content of the binder in the electrode active material slurry layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector is larger than the weight percentage content of the binder in the electrode active material slurry layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector, and
wherein the content of the silicon-based material in the electrode active material paste layer located relatively far from the electrode current collector is greater than the content of the silicon-based material in the electrode active material paste layer located relatively close to the electrode current collector.
10. A lithium secondary battery, comprising:
an electrode assembly comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode comprising the multilayer electrode of any one of claims 1 to 8, and a separator between the positive and negative electrodes;
a non-aqueous electrolyte for impregnating the electrode assembly; and
a battery case containing the electrode assembly and the nonaqueous electrolyte.
11. A battery module comprising the lithium secondary battery of claim 10 as a unit cell.
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