CN116810143A - Laser welding method for manufacturing high-temperature alloy by additive - Google Patents
Laser welding method for manufacturing high-temperature alloy by additive Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 221
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 29
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910001068 laves phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The application discloses a laser welding method for manufacturing high-temperature alloy by additive, and relates to the technical field of laser welding. The method comprises the following steps: a bulge is arranged on one side of one workpiece to be welded, a groove matched with the bulge is arranged on one side of the other workpiece to be welded, and the two workpieces to be welded are connected through the bulge and the groove in a matched mode so as to form a welding lock bottom structure; fixing the welding lock bottom structure on laser welding equipment, and setting laser welding process parameters; and irradiating the laser beam on the butt welding seam position above the welding lock bottom structure, and controlling the laser welding equipment to finish welding of the butt welding seam according to the preset track and the set laser welding process parameters. Compared with the laser welding of the high-temperature alloy manufactured by the traditional process, the high-temperature mechanical property of the welding seam is better, the high-temperature tensile strength of the welding joint can be effectively improved, the elongation is higher, and the plasticity is better.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser welding method for manufacturing high-temperature alloy by additive materials.
Background
The high-temperature alloy is generally used as various high-temperature parts of aeroengines, space rocket engines and industrial gas turbines, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, industry and the like. With the increasing efficiency of aerospace engines, the operating temperature of the engines is continuously increased, which means that higher requirements are placed on the temperature resistance of materials. Additive manufacturing technology (AM technology) is based on the discrete-stacking principle, and three-dimensional models of complex structures are subjected to layering treatment and stacked layer by layer, so that a component with complex internal structural characteristics is finally formed. Among AM techniques, typical techniques include: laser selective area melting, laser selective area sintering, electron beam melting, stereoscopic light solidifying technology and the like, wherein the laser selective area melting (SLM) technology obtains products with higher density and higher metal bonding quality by melting metal powder. However, due to the limitation of the size of the forming cavity of the SLM device, the multifunctional requirement of the complex structural member and the cost consideration of directly forming the large-size structural member based on the SLM, the SLM technology is difficult to directly realize the one-time forming of the large-size complex structural member such as the ultra-combustion engine, the turbine disc and the like of the aerospace at present, and in order to solve the above problems, the large-size complex structural member and the medium-size complex structural member can only be decomposed into a plurality of middle-size and small-size structural members for SLM manufacturing, and therefore, the problem of connecting the SLM forming member or the SLM forming member with other traditional materials is involved in many cases. As a high-energy beam welding method, the laser welding is small in welding heat input, narrow in heat affected zone, low in residual stress of a welding joint, large in depth-to-width ratio of a welding seam and high in welding precision, and is very suitable for welding precise complex components, refractory metals, high-strength alloys and thick plates compared with the traditional welding method.
At present, research on high-temperature alloys formed by SLM (selective laser melting) at home and abroad is mostly conducted on the structure and performance of the high-temperature alloys by different heat treatment temperatures or SLM forming process parameters, and research on the mechanical properties of the welded high-temperature SLM forming components is very little. The application provides a laser welding method for manufacturing high-temperature alloy by additive, which aims to solve the problem that the high-temperature mechanical property of the high-temperature alloy formed by the prior SLM is weaker than that of the high-temperature alloy manufactured by the prior SLM.
Disclosure of Invention
The application mainly aims to provide a laser welding method for manufacturing high-temperature alloy by additive, which aims to solve the technical problem that the high-temperature mechanical property of a component obtained after laser welding of the high-temperature alloy formed by the existing SLM is weaker.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a laser welding method for additive manufacturing of high-temperature alloy, comprising the following steps:
a bulge is arranged on one side of one workpiece to be welded, a groove matched with the bulge is arranged on one side of the other workpiece to be welded, and the two workpieces to be welded are connected in a matched mode through the bulge and the groove so as to form a welding lock bottom structure;
fixing two workpieces to be welded with the welding lock bottom structure on a laser welding device, and setting laser welding process parameters;
and irradiating laser beams on the butt welding seam positions above the welding lock bottom structures of the two workpieces to be welded, and controlling the laser welding equipment to finish welding of the butt welding seam according to a preset track and the set laser welding process parameters.
Alternatively, the surface area of the protrusions is 0.5x0.5 mm, and the surface area of the grooves is 0.5x0.5 mm.
Optionally, before the step of combining the two workpieces to be welded into the welding lock bottom structure, the method further includes: mechanically polishing the surfaces of two workpieces to be welded until the metallic luster is exposed.
Optionally, after mechanically polishing the surfaces of the two workpieces to be welded, acetone is used for cleaning the polished two workpieces to be welded.
Optionally, the laser welding process parameters are set as follows: the laser power is 5-6.4 KW, the defocusing amount of the laser spot is-5 to +5mm, and the welding speed is 20-50 mm/s.
Optionally, in the step of laser welding, a protection gas is used to ventilate and protect the front and back surfaces of two workpieces to be welded, and the protection gas is inert gas.
Optionally, the protective gas adopts argon with the purity of 99.999 percent, and the gas flow is 10-30L/min.
Optionally, in the step of completing the butt welding of the butt welding seam according to a preset track, the laser welding gun is adjusted to form an included angle of 7-10 degrees with the vertical direction.
Optionally, the workpiece material to be welded is a superalloy GH3625.
Optionally, in the laser welding step, the laser used by the laser welding apparatus includes one of a CO2 gas laser, a YAG solid laser, a semiconductor laser, and a fiber laser.
Compared with the laser welding of the high-temperature alloy manufactured by the traditional process, the high-temperature mechanical property of the welding line is better, the high-temperature tensile strength of the welding joint can be effectively improved by the laser welding method, the elongation is higher, the plasticity is better, and the principle is as follows:
first, the base material structure is different, and as can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the structure of the superalloy formed by SLM is different from the wrought structure, and is specifically shown in: the microstructure of the high-temperature alloy formed by the SLM comprises recrystallized grains, some grains are coarsened, and columnar crystals are converted into equiaxed crystals; the size of the structure crystal grains of the wrought superalloy is not uniform, and no recrystallized crystal grains exist;
second, as can be seen from fig. 7 and 8, after the welding of the SLM-shaped workpiece and the forge-shaped workpiece is completed by using the same laser welding process parameters, the obtained weld joint has different sizes and shapes, wherein the welded joint of the SLM-shaped workpiece is not obvious in the shape of Y, the transition between the upper part of the weld joint and the middle part of the weld joint is smoother, the welded joint of the forge-shaped workpiece is obvious in the shape of Y, and the transition between the upper part of the weld joint and the middle part of the weld joint is sharper, which is also a place where liquefaction cracks are easy to occur. According to detection, the high-temperature tensile strength of the laser butt welding joint of the wrought superalloy is 345MPa, and the high-temperature tensile strength of the butt joint formed by the additive manufacturing is 382MPa, as shown in FIG. 9; the intensity of the high-temperature alloy welded joint formed by the additive manufacturing is improved by 10.7%, and the hardness of the SLM laser butt welded joint is higher than that of the forge laser butt welded joint, as shown in figure 10, so that the SLM laser butt welded joint has excellent mechanical property;
thirdly, before laser welding, the workpieces to be welded are combined into a welding lock bottom structure through the matched connection of the protrusions and the grooves, and the butt welding seam is positioned above the welding lock bottom structure and forms an included angle of 7-10 degrees with the vertical direction, so that the butt welding seam can be completely welded and is not welded through when laser welding is performed by using higher power, and the welding lock bottom structure can prevent the welding seam from collapsing and sinking. After the laser welding is completed, as can be seen from fig. 6, the microstructure at the center of the welding seam of the high-temperature alloy obtained by the laser welding method of the application is mainly dendrite, the crystal form of transition from the central area of the welding seam to the fusion area is columnar crystals in two growth directions, the structure of the fusion area is mainly equiaxed fine crystals and columnar crystals, the precipitation of equiaxed crystals means that the crystallization speed of the welding seam metal is higher, and the higher crystallization speed can reduce Laves phase (the chemical formula is mainly AB 2 Intermetallic compounds of closely packed cubic or hexagonal structure) and the morphology of the Laves phase is changed from a bar shape into a granular shape; as can be seen from fig. 5, after the laser welding of the superalloy manufactured by the conventional process is completed, the structure of the weld fusion zone is mostly columnar crystals and dendrites, the structure of the weld center is mostly equiaxed crystals, the Laves phase in the weld is increased, the size is larger, the mechanical properties of the joint are seriously affected, and the crack sensitivity is increased. Therefore, the laser welding method can enhance the high-temperature mechanical property and the tensile strength of the high-temperature alloy. Compared with the traditional process, the laser welding method can directly weld without chamfering, thereby improving the welding efficiencyThe rate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the mating of protrusions and recesses of a welded lock base structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a welded lock bottom structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of a SLM formed superalloy according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a wrought superalloy microstructure;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure at the center of a wrought superalloy weld;
FIG. 6 is a microstructure at the center of a SLM formed superalloy weld according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a top microstructure of a wrought superalloy laser welded joint;
FIG. 8 is a top microstructure of an SLM formed superalloy laser welded joint according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the high temperature tensile stress-strain curve of GH3625 laser butt welding at 815℃under different conditions;
fig. 10 is a schematic illustration of the microhardness of GH3625 laser butt welded joints in various conditions.
Reference numerals:
1-a bump; 2-grooves; 3-welding the lock bottom structure.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The high-temperature mechanical property of the component obtained after the laser welding of the high-temperature alloy formed by the SLM is weaker than that of the component obtained after the laser welding of the high-temperature alloy manufactured in the prior art.
Aiming at the existing technical problems, the embodiment of the application provides a laser welding method for manufacturing high-temperature alloy by additive, which comprises the following steps:
a bulge is arranged on one side of one workpiece to be welded, a groove matched with the bulge is arranged on one side of the other workpiece to be welded, and the two workpieces to be welded are connected in a matched mode through the bulge and the groove so as to form a welding lock bottom structure;
fixing the welding lock bottom structure on laser welding equipment, and setting laser welding process parameters;
and irradiating a laser beam on the butt welding seam position above the welding lock bottom structure, and controlling the laser welding equipment to finish welding of the butt welding seam according to a preset track and the set laser welding process parameters.
Before laser welding, the workpieces to be welded are combined into the welding lock bottom structure through the matched connection of the protrusions and the grooves, and the butt welding seam is positioned above the welding lock bottom structure, so that the butt welding seam can be completely welded and is not welded when laser welding is performed by using high power. After the laser welding is finished, as can be seen from fig. 6, the microstructure at the center of the welding seam of the high-temperature alloy obtained by the laser welding method of the application is mainly dendrite, the crystal form of transition from the central area of the welding seam to the fusion area is columnar crystal in two growth directions, the structure of the fusion area is mostly equiaxed fine crystal and columnar crystal, the precipitation of equiaxed crystal means that the crystallization speed of the welding seam metal is higher, the precipitation of Laves phase can be reduced by the higher crystallization speed, and the form of the Laves phase is changed from strip shape to particle shape; as can be seen from fig. 5, after the laser welding of the superalloy manufactured by the conventional process is completed, the structure of the weld fusion zone is mostly columnar crystals and dendrites, the structure of the weld center is mostly equiaxed crystals, the Laves phase in the weld is increased, the size is larger, the mechanical properties of the joint are seriously affected, and the crack sensitivity is increased. Therefore, the laser welding method can enhance the high-temperature mechanical property and the tensile strength of the high-temperature alloy. Compared with the traditional process, the laser welding method can directly weld without chamfering, and improves welding efficiency.
As an embodiment of the present application, the surface area of the protrusion is 0.5×0.5mm, and the surface area of the groove is 0.5×0.5mm. Through the cooperation connection of protruding and recess to with two work pieces that wait to weld make up into the welding lock end structure, can guarantee when adopting great power to carry out laser welding, butt welding seam position can weld thoroughly, and does not weld through. Since the surface of the welding line has a recess of 1mm, the welding line can be prevented from collapsing by welding the lock bottom structure, preferably, the surface area of the protrusion is 0.5×0.5mm, and the surface area of the groove matched with the protrusion is 0.5×0.5mm.
As an embodiment of the present application, before the step of combining the two workpieces to be welded into the welded lock bottom structure, the method further includes: mechanically polishing the surfaces of two workpieces to be welded until the metallic luster is exposed. By polishing the surface of the workpiece to be welded, impurities and unevenness on the surface of the workpiece are prevented from affecting subsequent laser welding.
As an embodiment of the present application, after mechanically polishing the surfaces of two workpieces to be welded, acetone is used to clean the polished two workpieces to be welded. Organic impurities and the like on the surface of a workpiece to be welded can be washed away by acetone, which is beneficial to subsequent laser welding.
As an embodiment of the present application, the laser welding process parameters are set as follows: the laser power is 5-6.4 KW, the defocusing amount of the laser spot is-5 to +5mm, and the welding speed is 20-50 mm/s. By limiting the laser power, the defocusing amount of the laser spots and the welding speed, the non-filling connection of the high-temperature alloy medium plate formed by additive manufacturing is realized, and the high-temperature mechanical property of the high-temperature alloy component is improved.
In the laser welding step, the front and back surfaces of the two workpieces to be welded are both ventilated and protected by a protective gas, and the protective gas is an inert gas. The inert gas can prevent the welding seam from oxidizing and generating air holes, protect the focusing lens from sputtering injury generated during welding, and can also disperse plasma shielding generated by high-power laser welding.
As one embodiment of the application, the protective gas adopts argon with the purity of 99.999 percent and the gas flow is 10-30L/min. Because the activity of the argon is very low, and the argon can hardly react with common metals, the price is low, the density is high, and the welding seam can be effectively protected.
As an implementation mode of the application, in the step of completing the butt welding of the butt welding seam according to a preset track, the laser welding gun is adjusted to form an included angle of 7-10 degrees with the vertical direction. The butt welding seam is positioned above the welding lock bottom structure and forms an included angle of 7-10 degrees with the vertical direction, so that the laser welding gun is adjusted to form an included angle of 7-10 degrees with the vertical direction, the butt welding seam can be ensured to be welded thoroughly, and the non-filling connection of the high-temperature alloy formed by additive manufacturing is realized.
As an embodiment of the present application, the workpiece material to be welded is a superalloy GH3625.
As an embodiment of the present application, in the laser welding step, the laser used by the laser welding apparatus includes one of a CO2 gas laser, a YAG solid laser, a semiconductor laser, and a fiber laser.
The above technical scheme of the present application will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A laser welding method for additive manufacturing of superalloys, comprising the steps of:
a bulge with the surface area of 0.5 multiplied by 0.5mm is arranged on one side of one workpiece to be welded, a groove with the surface area of 0.5 multiplied by 0.5mm, which is matched with the bulge, is arranged on one side of the other workpiece to be welded, the surfaces of the two workpieces to be welded are mechanically polished until the metallic luster is exposed, acetone is used for cleaning the polished two workpieces to be welded, and the two workpieces to be welded are connected through the bulge and the groove in a matched manner so as to form a welding lock bottom structure;
wherein the workpiece to be welded is a high-temperature alloy GH3625 with the thickness of 5 mm;
fixing the welding lock bottom structure on an assembly platform of laser welding equipment, clamping, reserving no gap, and setting laser welding technological parameters: the laser power is 5.5KW, the defocusing amount of a laser spot is 0mm, the welding speed is 30mm/s, ventilation protection is carried out on the front and the back of two workpieces to be welded by adopting protective gas, the protective gas is argon with the purity of 99.999%, and the gas flow is 20L/min;
according to the set laser welding technological parameters, adopting CO 2 Gas laser, control CO 2 The gas laser emits laser beams, the laser beams are irradiated to the butt welding seam position above the welding lock bottom structure, a welding gun of the laser welding equipment is adjusted to an included angle of 8 degrees with the vertical direction, and the welding gun is controlled to finish welding of the butt welding seam according to a preset track.
Example 2
A laser welding method for additive manufacturing of superalloys, comprising the steps of:
a bulge with the surface area of 0.5 multiplied by 0.5mm is arranged on one side of one workpiece to be welded, a groove with the surface area of 0.5 multiplied by 0.5mm, which is matched with the bulge, is arranged on one side of the other workpiece to be welded, the surfaces of the two workpieces to be welded are mechanically polished until the metallic luster is exposed, acetone is used for cleaning the polished two workpieces to be welded, and the two workpieces to be welded are connected through the bulge and the groove in a matched manner so as to form a welding lock bottom structure;
wherein the workpiece to be welded is a high-temperature alloy GH3625 with the thickness of 5 mm;
fixing the welding lock bottom structure on an assembly platform of laser welding equipment, clamping, reserving no gap, and setting laser welding technological parameters: the laser power is 6.4KW, the defocusing amount of a laser spot is +5mm, the welding speed is 50mm/s, the front and the back of two workpieces to be welded are both ventilated and protected by adopting protective gas, the protective gas is argon with the purity of 99.999 percent, and the gas flow is 30L/min;
and according to the set laser welding process parameters, a semiconductor laser is adopted, the semiconductor laser is controlled to emit a laser beam, the laser beam is irradiated to the butt welding seam position above the welding lock bottom structure, a welding gun of the laser welding equipment is adjusted to an included angle of 10 degrees with the vertical direction, and the welding gun is controlled to finish welding of the butt welding seam according to a preset track.
Example 3
A laser welding method for additive manufacturing of superalloys, comprising the steps of:
a bulge with the surface area of 0.5 multiplied by 0.5mm is arranged on one side of one workpiece to be welded, a groove with the surface area of 0.5 multiplied by 0.5mm, which is matched with the bulge, is arranged on one side of the other workpiece to be welded, the surfaces of the two workpieces to be welded are mechanically polished until the metallic luster is exposed, acetone is used for cleaning the polished two workpieces to be welded, and the two workpieces to be welded are connected through the bulge and the groove in a matched manner so as to form a welding lock bottom structure;
wherein the workpiece to be welded is a high-temperature alloy GH3625 with the thickness of 5 mm;
fixing the welding lock bottom structure on an assembly platform of laser welding equipment, clamping, reserving no gap, and setting laser welding technological parameters: the laser power is 5.8KW, the defocusing amount of a laser spot is-2 mm, the welding speed is 35mm/s, the front and the back of two workpieces to be welded are both ventilated and protected by adopting protective gas, the protective gas is argon with the purity of 99.999 percent, and the gas flow is 12L/min;
and according to the set laser welding process parameters, controlling the optical fiber laser to emit laser beams, irradiating the laser beams on the butt welding seam position above the welding lock bottom structure, adjusting a welding gun of the laser welding equipment to an included angle of 9 degrees with the vertical direction, and controlling the welding gun to finish welding of the butt welding seam according to a preset track.
In summary, the application provides a laser welding method for manufacturing high-temperature alloy by additive, and compared with the laser welding of the high-temperature alloy manufactured by the traditional process, the high-temperature mechanical property of a welding line is better, and the laser welding method can effectively improve the high-temperature tensile strength of a welding joint, and has the advantages of higher elongation and better plasticity, and the principle is as follows:
first, the base material structure is different, and as can be seen from fig. 3 and 4, the structure of the superalloy formed by SLM is different from the wrought structure, and is specifically shown in: the microstructure of the high-temperature alloy formed by the SLM comprises recrystallized grains, some grains are coarsened, and columnar crystals are converted into equiaxed crystals; the size of the structure crystal grains of the wrought superalloy is not uniform, and no recrystallized crystal grains exist;
second, as can be seen from fig. 7 and 8, after the welding of the SLM-shaped workpiece and the forge-shaped workpiece is completed by using the same laser welding process parameters, the obtained weld joint has different sizes and shapes, wherein the welded joint of the SLM-shaped workpiece is not obvious in the shape of Y, the transition between the upper part of the weld joint and the middle part of the weld joint is smoother, the welded joint of the forge-shaped workpiece is obvious in the shape of Y, and the transition between the upper part of the weld joint and the middle part of the weld joint is sharper, which is also a place where liquefaction cracks are easy to occur. According to detection, the high-temperature tensile strength of the laser butt welding joint of the wrought superalloy is 345MPa, and the high-temperature tensile strength of the butt joint formed by the additive manufacturing is 382MPa, as shown in FIG. 9; the intensity of the high-temperature alloy welded joint formed by the additive manufacturing is improved by 10.7%, and the hardness of the SLM laser butt welded joint is higher than that of the forge laser butt welded joint, as shown in figure 10, so that the SLM laser butt welded joint has excellent mechanical property;
thirdly, before laser welding, the workpieces to be welded are combined into the welding lock bottom structure through the matched connection of the protrusions and the grooves, and the butt welding seam is positioned above the welding lock bottom structure and forms an included angle of 7-10 degrees with the vertical direction, so that the butt welding seam can be welded thoroughly and is not welded through when laser welding is carried out with higher power. After the laser welding is finished, as can be seen from fig. 6, the microstructure at the center of the welding seam of the high-temperature alloy obtained by the laser welding method of the application is mainly dendrite, the crystal form of transition from the central area of the welding seam to the fusion area is columnar crystal in two growth directions, the structure of the fusion area is mostly equiaxed fine crystal and columnar crystal, the precipitation of equiaxed crystal means that the crystallization speed of the welding seam metal is higher, the precipitation of Laves phase can be reduced by the higher crystallization speed, and the form of the Laves phase is changed from strip shape to particle shape; as can be seen from fig. 5, after the laser welding of the superalloy manufactured by the conventional process is completed, the structure of the weld fusion zone is mostly columnar crystals and dendrites, the structure of the weld center is mostly equiaxed crystals, the Laves phase in the weld is increased, the size is larger, the mechanical properties of the joint are seriously affected, and the crack sensitivity is increased. Therefore, the laser welding method can enhance the high-temperature mechanical property and the tensile strength of the high-temperature alloy. Compared with the traditional process, the laser welding method can directly weld without chamfering, and improves welding efficiency.
The foregoing description is only of the optional embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the application, and all the equivalent structural changes made by the description of the present application and the accompanying drawings or the direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A laser welding method for additive manufacturing of high-temperature alloys, comprising the steps of:
a bulge is arranged on one side of one workpiece to be welded, a groove matched with the bulge is arranged on one side of the other workpiece to be welded, and the two workpieces to be welded are connected in a matched mode through the bulge and the groove so as to form a welding lock bottom structure;
fixing the welding lock bottom structure on laser welding equipment, and setting laser welding process parameters;
and irradiating a laser beam on the butt welding seam position above the welding lock bottom structure, and controlling the laser welding equipment to finish welding of the butt welding seam according to a preset track and the set laser welding process parameters.
2. The laser welding method of additive manufacturing superalloys according to claim 1, wherein the surface area of the protrusions is 0.5 x 0.5mm and the surface area of the grooves is 0.5 x 0.5mm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to the step of combining the two workpieces to be welded into a welded lock bottom structure, further comprising: mechanically polishing the surfaces of two workpieces to be welded until the metallic luster is exposed.
4. A laser welding method for additive manufacturing of superalloys according to claim 3, characterized in that after mechanically polishing the surfaces of the two workpieces to be welded, the polished two workpieces to be welded are cleaned with acetone.
5. The laser welding method of additive manufacturing superalloy according to claim 1, wherein the laser welding process parameters are set as: the laser power is 5-6.4 KW, the defocusing amount of the laser spot is-5 to +5mm, and the welding speed is 20-50 mm/s.
6. The laser welding method of additive manufacturing superalloy according to claim 1, wherein in the laser welding step, both the front and back surfaces of the two workpieces to be welded are ventilated with a shielding gas, which is an inert gas.
7. The laser welding method for additive manufacturing high-temperature alloy according to claim 6, wherein the shielding gas adopts argon with the purity of 99.999 percent, and the gas flow is 10-30L/min.
8. The laser welding method of additive manufacturing superalloy according to claim 1, wherein the laser welding device adjusts the laser welding gun to an angle of 7 ° to 10 ° with respect to the vertical direction in the welding step of completing the butt weld according to a preset trajectory.
9. The laser welding method of additive manufacturing superalloys according to claim 1, characterized in that the workpiece material to be welded is a superalloy GH3625.
10. The laser welding method of additive manufacturing superalloy according to claim 1, wherein in the laser welding step, the laser used by the laser welding apparatus includes CO 2 One of a gas laser, a YAG solid-state laser, a semiconductor laser, and a fiber laser.
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