CN116809833A - Precise die forging forming die and method for aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section - Google Patents
Precise die forging forming die and method for aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section Download PDFInfo
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- CN116809833A CN116809833A CN202310633950.7A CN202310633950A CN116809833A CN 116809833 A CN116809833 A CN 116809833A CN 202310633950 A CN202310633950 A CN 202310633950A CN 116809833 A CN116809833 A CN 116809833A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010274 multidirectional forging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010066054 Dysmorphism Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
- B21J13/14—Ejecting devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a precision die forging forming die and a precision die forging forming method for an aluminum alloy special-shaped cylinder section. According to the invention, the forging can be pre-forged through the cushion block to obtain the special-shaped preform, and then the cushion block is taken out, so that when the special-shaped preform is placed in the cavity, the rheological spaces are reserved above and below the special-shaped preform, and the deformation degree of the forging in the forming process is increased through the inverted cone-shaped cavity, the forging is uniformly rheological along all directions, and the problems of uneven rheological and organization, local deformation dead zone, coarse crystals and the like generated when the aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section is forged are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plastic forming of aluminum alloy structural parts, in particular to a precise die forging forming die and method for an aluminum alloy special-shaped cylinder section.
Background
The 2A14 aluminum alloy belongs to heat-treatable reinforced deformed aluminum alloy, has the advantages of high strength, high plasticity, excellent weldability and the like, and is an important material for manufacturing structural members of space transportation and weaponry. With the gradual development of the structural member for aerospace to the direction of integration, light weight and large-scale, the manufacturing performance and reliability of the structural member for aerospace are extremely high. The 2A14 aluminum alloy barrel section applied to the transition section of strategic weapon equipment is a key bearing member of an elastomer structure, has an outer diameter of 1000mm, has a special-shaped variable-cross-section non-axial special structure, has high forming difficulty and high requirements on mechanical properties and uniformity. At present, the aluminum alloy high-cylinder forging is mainly manufactured by adopting a back extrusion forming mode, however, the back extrusion forming of the special-shaped cylinder section is easy to generate the problems of uneven rheological and organization of each direction, local deformation dead zone, coarse crystals and the like, so that the uniformity of mechanical properties of the component is reduced, and the special-shaped cylinder section forming manufacturing method with more uniform deformation and more excellent comprehensive properties is required to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects existing in the prior art, and provides a precise die forging forming die and method for an aluminum alloy special-shaped cylinder section, which are used for solving the problems of uneven deformation and structure, local deformation dead zone, coarse crystals and the like generated during forging the aluminum alloy special-shaped cylinder section.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an aluminum alloy dysmorphism section of thick bamboo precision die forging forming die, includes die and the terrace die of forging and pressing downwards, be formed with the forging and pressing forging piece and with the die cavity of product appearance looks adaptation between die and the terrace die, the die cavity is whole to be the toper tube-shape of inversion, the cushion has been placed in the die cavity, the cushion is used for bearing the forging piece so that the terrace die carries out the forging and pressing forging to the forging piece and makes the forging form the through-hole to take out when the finish forging so that the forging piece after the forging punching a hole in the die cavity all has the rheological space from top to bottom when placing.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme:
the punch comprises a punch block and a forming block, wherein the punch block comprises a punching section which is cylindrical and used for forging and pressing and a forming section which is matched with the appearance of a product from bottom to top in sequence, the cushion block is provided with an insertion hole which extends along the forging and pressing direction of the punch block and is matched with the punching section, the insertion hole is used for allowing the punching section to be inserted in the process of pre-forging and pressing, and the forming section can be abutted to the top end of the insertion hole.
The die is characterized in that an ejection device used for ejecting the cushion block and the forge piece upwards is movably sleeved at the bottom of the inner side of the die, the ejection device is provided with a forming hole which extends along the forging and pressing direction of the male die and is matched with the punching section, the forming hole is used for being inserted by the punching section during final forging and pressing, and a limiting block used for limiting the depth of the punching section inserted into the forming hole is arranged between the die and the male die and close to the top of the die cavity.
The bottom of the inner side of the female die is provided with an annular boss for supporting the ejection device.
The annular boss is provided with a jacking hole extending along the stamping direction of the male die, the jacking hole is communicated with the forming hole, the aperture of the jacking hole is larger than that of the forming hole, a jacking rod is movably sleeved in the jacking hole, and the top end of the jacking rod is abutted to the bottom end of the ejection device and used for pushing the ejection device to move upwards.
The upper end and the lower end of the die cavity are provided with gaps communicated with the outside during final forging so that the die cavity forms semi-closed die forging, a first interval is arranged between the punching section and the wall of the forming hole, the male die further comprises a plugging section connected to the upper end of the forming section, and the plugging section is inserted into the female die during final forging and is provided with a second interval with the inner wall of the female die.
The first spacing is 1mm and the second spacing is 5mm.
Grooves are formed in two opposite side walls in the female die, and the two grooves are located at the top of the inner side of the die cavity and used for forging positioning protrusions arranged on the outer wall of the forging piece during final forging.
The male die is provided with at least two guide posts extending along the forging and pressing direction of the male die, the female die is provided with guide holes for the guide posts to be respectively inserted, and each guide post and each guide hole are positioned at the periphery of the die cavity.
A precise die forging forming method of an aluminum alloy special-shaped cylinder section comprises the following steps:
s1, blank making: heating an aluminum alloy cast ingot to 480-485 ℃, and then performing multidirectional forging on the aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain a cylindrical blank;
s2, pre-forging: placing the cushion block in a cavity formed by the female die and the downward forging male die, forming a pre-forging die by the female die, the male die and the cushion block, heating a cylindrical blank to 480-485 ℃, and then placing the cylindrical blank into the pre-forging die heated to 460-470 ℃ for punching to obtain a special-shaped preform;
s3, final forging: taking out the cushion block, placing the limiting block between the female die and the male die which are close to the top of the cavity, forming a semi-closed die forging by the cavity, forming a final forging die by the female die, the male die and the limiting block, heating the special-shaped preform to 480-485 ℃, placing the special-shaped preform into the final forging die which is heated to 460-470 ℃ for forging, heating the special-shaped preform and the final forging die to 460-470 ℃, performing secondary forging, and demolding to obtain an aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section;
s4, heat treatment: heating the aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section to 502-505 ℃, immediately quenching at room temperature, and finally aging at 162-165 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
compared with a conventional back extrusion forming die, the die has the advantages that the forging piece which is a cylindrical blank can be pre-forged and forged through the arrangement of the cushion block, the special-shaped preform which is suitable for final forging is forged, then the cushion block is taken out, when the special-shaped preform is placed in the die cavity, the rheological space exists above and below the special-shaped preform, the deformation degree of the forging piece in the forming process is increased through the inverted cone-shaped die cavity, the forging piece uniformly changes in all directions, the problems that the deformation and the structure are uneven, deformation dead areas and coarse crystals exist locally and the like when the aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section is forged are solved, the comprehensive mechanical property and the uniformity of the forging piece are improved, the axial tensile strength of the forging piece after heat treatment can reach 510MPa, the yield strength can reach 440MPa, the elongation rate is 10%, the anisotropy coefficient of the tensile strength and the yield strength is less than 2%, and the index requirement of the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section of spaceflight 2A14 is greatly exceeded, and the die is suitable for high-performance and high-reliability forming manufacture of the aluminum alloy special-shaped high barrel structural piece for carrying and weapon equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a section A-A of a precision die forging forming die for an aluminum alloy special-shaped section during pre-forging.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a B-B cross-sectional structure of a precision die forging forming die for an aluminum alloy profiled cylinder section at the time of pre-forging.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a precision die forging forming die for an aluminum alloy special-shaped section of a cylinder during pre-forging.
Fig. 4 is a schematic A-A section structure of a precision die forging forming die for an aluminum alloy special-shaped section during final forging.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a B-B section structure of an aluminum alloy special-shaped section of a precision die forging forming die at the time of final forging.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a three-dimensional structure of a precision die forging forming die for an aluminum alloy special-shaped section of a cylinder at the time of final forging.
Fig. 7 is a grain structure diagram of an aluminum alloy profiled tube section.
Legend description:
100. forging pieces; 200. a product; 1. a female die; 11. an annular boss; 12. a top hole; 2. a male die; 21. Punching a hole section; 22. a forming section; 23. plugging the section; 3. a cavity; 4. a cushion block; 41. an insertion hole; 5. an ejector device; 51. forming a hole; 6. a limiting block; 7. a push rod; 8. a groove; 9. a guide post; 91. and (5) a guide hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the precision die forging forming die for the aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section of the embodiment comprises a female die 1 and a male die 2 which is forged and pressed downwards, a die cavity 3 which is used for forging and pressing a forging 100 and is matched with the appearance of a product 200 is formed between the female die 1 and the male die 2, the die cavity 3 is integrally in an inverted cone shape, a cushion block 4 is arranged in the die cavity 3, the cushion block 4 is used for supporting the forging 100 so that the male die 2 performs pre-forging and pressing on the forging 100, the forging 100 forms a through hole, and the male die is taken out during final forging so that rheological spaces exist up and down when the pre-forged and punched forging 100 is placed in the die cavity 3. Compared with a conventional back extrusion forming die, the forging 100 which is a cylindrical blank can be pre-forged and forged by arranging the cushion block 4, so that a special-shaped preform suitable for final forging is forged, then the cushion block 4 is taken out, when the special-shaped preform is placed in the cavity 3, rheological spaces are reserved above and below the special-shaped preform, the deformation degree of the forging 100 in the forming process is increased by the inverted cone-shaped cavity 3, the forging 100 is uniformly rheological along all directions, the problems that the rheological and organization of all directions are uneven, deformation dead areas and coarse crystals exist locally and the like are solved when the aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section is forged, the comprehensive mechanical property and uniformity of the forging 100 are improved, the axial tensile strength of the forging 100 can reach 510MPa, the yield strength can reach 440MPa, the elongation rate is 10%, the anisotropy coefficient of the tensile strength and the yield strength is less than 2%, and the index requirement of the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section for spaceflight 2A14 is greatly exceeded, and the high-performance and high-reliability forming manufacturing of the aluminum alloy special-shaped high-barrel structural member for spaceflight carrying and weapon equipment is further suitable for carrying.
In this embodiment, the punch 2 includes, in order from bottom to top, a punching section 21 having a cylindrical shape for forging and pressing, and a forming section 22 adapted to the outer shape of the product 200, and the pad 4 is provided with an insertion hole 41 extending in the forging and pressing direction of the punch 2 and adapted to the punching section 21, the insertion hole 41 being for inserting the punching section 21 during the pre-forging and pressing, and the forming section 22 being capable of abutting against the tip of the insertion hole 41. The punch 2 can conveniently punch the forging 100 through the insertion hole 41 matched with the punching section 21, and limit can be realized through the abutting of the forming section 22 and the top end of the insertion hole 41, so that the finish of pre-forging is indicated.
In this embodiment, an ejector device 5 for ejecting the spacer 4 and the forging 100 upward is movably sleeved at the bottom of the inner side of the die 1, the ejector device 5 is provided with a forming hole 51 extending along the forging and pressing direction of the punch 2 and adapted to the punching section 21, the forming hole 51 is used for inserting the punching section 21 during final forging and pressing, and a limiting block 6 for limiting the depth of the punching section 21 inserted into the forming hole 51 is arranged between the die 1 and the punch 2 near the top of the die cavity 3. The cushion block 4 can be conveniently pushed out through the ejection device 5, and the forge piece 100 can be conveniently demolded; the forging of the male die 2 is facilitated by the forming hole 51 matched with the punching section 21, and the completion of the final forging can be determined conveniently by the stopper 6.
In this embodiment, an annular boss 11 for supporting the ejector 5 is provided at the bottom of the inner side of the female die 1. The ejector 5 can be conveniently placed through the annular boss 11, and the ejector 5 can be limited, so that the ejector 5 is prevented from moving.
In this embodiment, the annular boss 11 is provided with a jack hole 12 extending along the forging and pressing direction of the male die 2, the jack hole 12 is communicated with the forming hole 51, the aperture of the jack hole 12 is larger than that of the forming hole 51, a push rod 7 is movably sleeved in the jack hole 12, and the top end of the push rod 7 is abutted to the bottom end part of the push-out device 5 and used for pushing the push-out device 5 to move upwards. The top end of the ejector rod 7 can be abutted with the bottom part of the ejector device 5 through the ejector hole 12 with a larger aperture, so that the ejector device 5 is conveniently pushed to realize demoulding of the forging 100 of the aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section. The ejector 5 is assembled with the ejector rod 7 in a clearance fit with a very small clearance.
In this embodiment, the upper and lower ends of the cavity 3 are provided with slits communicating with the outside during final forging to form semi-closed die forging of the cavity 3, a first space is provided between the punching section 21 and the wall of the forming hole 51, the male die 2 further comprises a plugging section 23 connected to the upper end of the forming section 22, and the plugging section 23 is inserted into the female die 1 during final forging and provided with a second space with the inner wall of the female die 1. In addition, the mold adopts a semi-closed die forging structure, so that the cavity 3 is more easily filled with an aluminum alloy cast ingot during forging, and meanwhile, excessive forming force is avoided.
In this embodiment, the first pitch is 1mm and the second pitch is 5mm. By setting the spacing, the cavity 3 is formed into an effective semi-closed die forging structure.
In this embodiment, grooves 8 are provided on two opposite side walls in the female die 1, and the two grooves 8 are located at the top of the inner side of the cavity 3 and are used for forging positioning protrusions provided on the outer wall of the forging piece 100 during final forging. The positioning projections integrally formed with the forging 100 can be easily forged by the grooves 8.
In this embodiment, the punch 2 is provided with at least two guide posts 9 extending along the forging and pressing direction of the punch 2, the die 1 is provided with guide holes 91 for respectively inserting the guide posts 9, and each guide post 9 and each guide hole 91 are located at the periphery of the die cavity 3. By matching and positioning the guide post 9 and the guide hole 91, the male die 2 and the female die 1 can be accurately aligned, and the forging 100 with accurate size can be forged. The surfaces of the male die 2 and the female die 1 facing each other are rectangular, the guide posts 9 are arranged on the diagonal lines of the two corners of the male die 2, and the guide holes 91 are arranged on the diagonal lines of the two corners of the female die 1.
In the embodiment, the die material is 5CrNiMo steel, which has good toughness, strength and high wear resistance, has excellent processability, and is convenient for manufacturing an extrusion die.
The precise die forging forming method of the aluminum alloy special-shaped cylinder section comprises the following steps:
s1, blank making: heating the homogenized aluminum alloy cast ingot to 480-485 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 hours, and then carrying out multidirectional forging on the aluminum alloy cast ingot on a hydraulic press, wherein the single upsetting deformation is 50-60%, and the forging process is as follows: respectively upsetting and drawing twice along the axial direction, the radial direction and the tangential direction, then rolling and axially upsetting to obtain a cylindrical blank.
S2, pre-forging: placing the cushion block 4 into a cavity 3 formed by the female die 1 and the downward forging and pressing male die 2, forming a pre-forging die by the female die 1, the male die 2 and the cushion block 4, respectively and uniformly smearing high-temperature oil lubricants on the pre-forging die and a cylindrical blank, heating the cylindrical blank to 480-485 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 h, then placing the cylindrical blank into the pre-forging die which is heated to 460-470 ℃ and preserved for 1-2 h for punching, wherein the forging and pressing speed is 1mm/s, and the connecting position of a forming section 22 and a punching section 21 pressed to the tail end of the male die 2 is flush with an inserting hole 41 of the cushion block 4 placed in the female die 1, thus obtaining the special-shaped preform.
S3, final forging: taking out the cushion block 4, placing the limiting block 6 between the female die 1 and the male die 2 which are close to the top of the cavity 3, arranging gaps communicated with the outside at the upper end and the lower end of the cavity 3 to enable the cavity 3 to form semi-closed die forging, forming a final forging die by the female die 1, the male die 2 and the limiting block 6, heating the special-shaped preform to 480-485 ℃, then placing the special-shaped preform into the final forging die which is heated to 460-470 ℃ for forging, wherein the pressing stroke is 2/3 of the total forging stroke, the forging speed is 3mm/s, then, carrying out secondary forging after the special-shaped preform and the final forging die are heated to 460-470 ℃, the forging speed is 1mm/s-0.5mm/s, limiting the lower limit by the limiting block 6, pushing the ejector rod 7 to contact with the ejection device 5 by using a hydraulic machine ejection cylinder after forming, and ejecting the forging 100, and demoulding to obtain the aluminum alloy special-shaped cylinder section.
S4, heat treatment: heating the aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section to 502-505 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, immediately quenching at room temperature, transferring to an aging furnace, and finally aging at 162-165 ℃.
The tool and die contacted with the blank for multidirectional forging needs to be heated to 400-470 ℃.
The process is simple to operate, the pre-forging blank making and finish forging precision forming of the aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section can be realized only by slightly adding an adjusting set of die, the subsequent cutting allowance is greatly reduced, the production efficiency is improved, the cost is reduced, in addition, the variable-rate forging is carried out in the final forging forming stage, the near-isothermal die forging forming is realized, the forging speed is reduced in the die closing stage, and the final forming load is greatly reduced.
And (3) testing the mechanical properties of the 2A14 aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section after heat treatment, respectively cutting three parts along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the forging to obtain sampling rings, and respectively obtaining an inner position and an outer position of each sampling ring along the thickness direction to perform mechanical property detection, wherein the detection data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of various parts of aluminum alloy Special-shaped section of tube
After the 2A14 aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section manufactured by the process method provided by the invention is subjected to heat treatment, a uniform, equiaxial and tiny recrystallized grain structure can be obtained, the mechanical properties of all parts reach a higher level, wherein the axial tensile strength of a forging can reach 510MPa, the yield strength can reach 440MPa, the elongation reaches 10%, the uniformity of the performance of all parts is better, and the anisotropy coefficient of the tensile strength and the yield strength is less than 2%. A grain structure diagram of the aluminum alloy profiled tube section is shown in fig. 7.
The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Modifications and variations which would be obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an aluminum alloy dysmorphism section of thick bamboo precision die forging forming die, includes die (1) and punch (2) of forging and pressing downwards, be formed with forging and pressing forging piece (100) and die cavity (3) with product (200) appearance looks adaptation between die (1) and punch (2), a serial communication port, die cavity (3) wholly are the toper tube-shape of inversion, placed cushion (4) in die cavity (3), cushion (4) are used for bearing forging piece (100) so that punch (2) forge and forge forging piece (100) in advance and make forging piece (100) form the through-hole, and take out when the finish forging so that forging piece (100) after forging and punching a hole all have the rheological space from top to bottom when placing in die cavity (3).
2. The aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section precision die forging forming die according to claim 1, wherein the male die (2) sequentially comprises a punching section (21) which is cylindrical and used for forging and pressing and a forming section (22) which is matched with the shape of a product (200) from bottom to top, the cushion block (4) is provided with an inserting hole (41) which extends along the forging and pressing direction of the male die (2) and is matched with the punching section (21), the inserting hole (41) is used for inserting the punching section (21) during pre-forging and pressing, and the forming section (22) can be abutted with the top end of the inserting hole (41).
3. The aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section precise die forging forming die according to claim 2, wherein an ejector device (5) for ejecting a cushion block (4) and a forge piece (100) upwards is movably sleeved at the bottom of the inner side of the female die (1), the ejector device (5) is provided with a forming hole (51) extending along the forging and pressing direction of the male die (2) and being matched with the punching section (21), the forming hole (51) is used for allowing the punching section (21) to be inserted in final forging and pressing, and a limiting block (6) for limiting the depth of the punching section (21) inserted into the forming hole (51) is arranged between the female die (1) and the male die (2) close to the top of the cavity (3).
4. The aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section precise die forging forming die according to claim 3, wherein an annular boss (11) for supporting an ejector device (5) is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the female die (1).
5. The aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section precision die forging forming die according to claim 4, wherein the annular boss (11) is provided with a jacking hole (12) extending along the forging and pressing direction of the male die (2), the jacking hole (12) is communicated with the forming hole (51), the aperture of the jacking hole (12) is larger than that of the forming hole (51), a jacking rod (7) is movably sleeved in the jacking hole (12), and the top end of the jacking rod (7) is abutted with the bottom end part of the jacking device (5) and used for pushing the jacking device (5) to move upwards.
6. The precise die forging forming die for the aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section according to claim 3, wherein gaps communicated with the outside during finish forging are formed at the upper end and the lower end of the die cavity (3) so that the die cavity (3) forms semi-closed die forging, a first space is formed between the punching section (21) and the wall of the forming hole (51), the male die (2) further comprises a plugging section (23) connected to the upper end of the forming section (22), and the plugging section (23) is inserted into the female die (1) during finish forging and is provided with a second space with the inner wall of the female die (1).
7. The aluminum alloy profile tube section precision die forging forming die as recited in claim 6, wherein the first spacing is 1mm and the second spacing is 5mm.
8. The aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section precise die forging forming die according to claim 1, wherein grooves (8) are formed in two opposite side walls in the female die (1), and the two grooves (8) are located at the top of the inner side of the die cavity (3) and are used for forging positioning protrusions arranged on the outer wall of a forging piece (100) during final forging.
9. The precise die forging forming die for the aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section according to claim 1, wherein the male die (2) is provided with at least two guide posts (9) extending along the forging and pressing direction of the male die (2), the female die (1) is provided with guide holes (91) for respectively inserting the guide posts (9), and each guide post (9) and each guide hole (91) are positioned at the periphery of the die cavity (3).
10. The precise die forging forming method for the aluminum alloy special-shaped cylinder section is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, blank making: heating an aluminum alloy cast ingot to 480-485 ℃, and then performing multidirectional forging on the aluminum alloy cast ingot to obtain a cylindrical blank;
s2, pre-forging: placing a cushion block (4) in a cavity (3) formed by a female die (1) and a downward forging male die (2), forming a pre-forging die by the female die (1), the male die (2) and the cushion block (4), heating a cylindrical blank to 480-485 ℃, and then placing the cylindrical blank into the pre-forging die heated to 460-470 ℃ for punching to obtain a special-shaped preform;
s3, final forging: taking out the cushion block (4), placing a limiting block (6) between a female die (1) and a male die (2) which are close to the top of a cavity (3), forming a semi-closed die forging by the cavity (3) through gaps communicated with the outside at the upper end and the lower end of the cavity (3), forming a final forging die by the female die (1), the male die (2) and the limiting block (6), heating a special-shaped preform to 480-485 ℃, then placing the special-shaped preform into the final forging die heated to 460-470 ℃ for forging, then heating the special-shaped preform and the final forging die to 460-470 ℃, performing secondary forging, and demolding to obtain an aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section;
s4, heat treatment: and heating the aluminum alloy special-shaped barrel section to 502-505 ℃, immediately quenching at room temperature, and finally performing aging treatment at 162-165 ℃.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN117718431A (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-03-19 | 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of magnesium alloy conical cylinder |
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