CN116794571A - Magnetic field measuring device and magnetic field measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Magnetic field measuring device and magnetic field measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116794571A CN116794571A CN202310759977.0A CN202310759977A CN116794571A CN 116794571 A CN116794571 A CN 116794571A CN 202310759977 A CN202310759977 A CN 202310759977A CN 116794571 A CN116794571 A CN 116794571A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000387 optically detected magnetic resonance Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102400000827 Saposin-D Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001917 fluorescence detection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6402—Atomic fluorescence; Laser induced fluorescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic field measuring device and a magnetic field measuring method thereof, and relates to the technical field of quantum precision measurement, wherein the device comprises a laser component, a microwave generating component, a signal detecting component, a data processing component and an embedded H 3 Color center diamond; the laser component generates polarized laser pulse and detection laser pulse, and the polarized laser pulse enables the diamond to be embedded with H 3 The color center is polarized, and the detection laser pulse detects the embedded H of the diamond 3 The change of the population number of the color center between different energy levels; the microwave generating component generates microwave pulse which makes diamond embedded with H 3 Color center energy level overturning; the signal detection assembly acquires and irradiates and detects the embedded H of diamond after the laser pulse 3 Fluorescent pulse signals of color centers; the data processing component processes the fluorescent pulse signal to obtain a magnetic field measurement result. The invention adoptsBy H 3 The color center is used for measuring the magnetic field, the sensitivity is higher, and the volume of the measuring device is smaller.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum precision measurement, in particular to a method based on embedded H 3 Magnetic field measuring device for color center diamond and magnetic field measurement thereof The method.
Background
The magnetic field measurement at normal temperature and normal pressure has great application prospect in the field of living medicine such as living cell magnetic measurement, and at present, solid spin is utilized for high-spatial resolution magnetic field measurement at home and abroad, the existing magnetic field measurement method usually utilizes embedded NV color center diamond, but the background fluorescence with stronger NV color center limits the further improvement of the sensitivity, and the use of an externally-added bias magnetic field limits the miniaturized development of the volume of the measurement device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a magnetic field measuring device and a magnetic field measuring method thereof, which can improve the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement and reduce the volume of the magnetic field measuring device.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a magnetic field measurement apparatus, the apparatus comprising: laser component, microwave generation component, signal detection component, data processing component and embedded H 3 Color center diamond;
the laser component is used for generating polarized laser pulses and enabling the polarized laser pulses to irradiate embedded H in a magnetic field to be measured 3 A color center diamond; the polarized laser pulse can embed H into diamond 3 The color center is polarized;
the microwave generating component is used for generating microwave pulses and feeding the microwave pulses to the polarized embedded H 3 A color center diamond; the microwave pulse can embed H into the diamond 3 Color center energy level overturning;
the laser component is also used for generating detection laser pulses and enabling the detection laser pulses to irradiate the embedded H after the energy level is turned over 3 A color center diamond; the detection laser pulse is used for detecting the diamond embedded H 3 The change of the population number of the color center between different energy levels;
the signal detection component is used for collecting diamond embedded H after the detection laser pulse is irradiated 3 Fluorescent pulse signals of color centers;
the data processing component is used for processing the fluorescence pulse signals to obtain magnetic field measurement results.
A magnetic field measurement method based on the magnetic field measurement device, the method comprising:
controlling a laser component to generate polarized laser pulses, and enabling the polarized laser pulses to irradiate embedded H in a magnetic field to be detected 3 A color center diamond; the polarized laser pulse can embed H into diamond 3 The color center is polarized;
controlling the microwave generating assembly to generate microwave pulse and feeding the microwave pulse to the polarized embedded H 3 A color center diamond; the microwave pulse can embed H into the diamond 3 Color center energy level overturning;
Controlling a laser component to generate detection laser pulse, and enabling the detection laser pulse to irradiate the embedded H with energy level turned 3 A color center diamond; the detection laser pulse is used for detecting the diamond embedded H 3 The change of the population number of the color center between different energy levels;
the control signal detection component acquires and irradiates the diamond embedded H after the detection laser pulse 3 Fluorescent pulse signals of color centers;
and processing the fluorescence pulse signal to obtain a magnetic field measurement result.
Optionally, the microwave pulse includes a first microwave pulse and a second microwave pulse; the first microwave pulse can enable the diamond to embed H 3 The color center is flipped from the first energy level to the second energy level; the second microwave pulse can enable the diamond to embed H 3 The color center is flipped from the second energy level to the third energy level; the first microwave pulse is a microwave pulse with a first preset pulse length and a first preset working frequency; the second microwave pulse is a microwave pulse with a second preset pulse length and a second preset working frequency;
before controlling the microwave generating assembly to generate the microwave pulse, the method further comprises:
determining a first preset pulse length, a first preset working frequency, a second preset pulse length and a second preset working frequency.
Optionally, the determining the first preset pulse length, the first preset working frequency, the second preset pulse length and the second preset working frequency specifically includes:
determining the diamond embedded H 3 First resonance frequency of color center turning from first energy level to second energy level and embedded H of diamond 3 A second resonance frequency at which the color center is flipped from the second energy level to the third energy level;
determining the diamond embedded H according to the first resonance frequency and the second resonance frequency 3 First pi pulse length with color center being reversed from first energy level to second energy level and embedded H of diamond 3 A second pi pulse length with color center flipped from a second energy level to a third energy level; taking the first pi pulse length as a first preset pulse length of the first microwave pulse and the second pi pulse length as a second preset pulse length of the second microwave pulse;
and determining a first preset working frequency of the first microwave pulse and a second preset working frequency of the second microwave pulse according to the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency.
Optionally, the determining the diamond embedded H 3 First resonance frequency of color center turning from first energy level to second energy level and embedded H of diamond 3 The second resonance frequency of the color center from the second energy level to the third energy level specifically includes:
fixing the microwave frequencies of the second microwave pulses, and determining a plurality of first microwave frequencies within a first preset scanning frequency range based on a first preset scanning step length; acquiring the diamond embedded H at each first microwave frequency 3 The method comprises the steps of performing integral processing on first fluorescent pulse signals of a color center to obtain first fluorescent signals corresponding to each first fluorescent pulse signal; taking the microwave frequency as an abscissa and the fluorescence signal as an ordinate, fitting the first microwave frequency and the first fluorescence signal to obtain a first ODMR spectrum line, and obtaining a corresponding first peak point of the first ODMR spectrum lineThe microwave frequency is used as the first resonance frequency;
fixing the microwave frequency of the first microwave pulse to be the first resonant frequency, and determining a plurality of second microwave frequencies in a second preset scanning frequency range based on a second preset scanning step length; acquiring the diamond embedded H at each second microwave frequency 3 The second fluorescent pulse signals of the color center are subjected to integral processing, and second fluorescent signals corresponding to the second fluorescent pulse signals are obtained; and taking the microwave frequency as an abscissa and the fluorescence signal as an ordinate, obtaining a second ODMR spectrum line based on the second microwave frequency and the second fluorescence signal by fitting, and taking the second microwave frequency corresponding to the highest peak point of the second ODMR spectrum line as the second resonance frequency.
Optionally, determining the diamond embedded H according to the first resonance frequency and the second resonance frequency 3 First pi pulse length with color center being reversed from first energy level to second energy level and embedded H of diamond 3 The second pi pulse length of the color center from the second energy level to the third energy level specifically comprises:
setting the microwave frequency of the first microwave pulse to be the first resonance frequency, setting the microwave frequency of the second microwave pulse to be the second resonance frequency, fixing the pulse length of the second microwave pulse, and determining a plurality of first pulse lengths in a first preset scanning length range based on a third preset scanning step length; acquiring the diamond embedded H at each first pulse length 3 The third fluorescent pulse signals of the color center are subjected to integral processing, and third fluorescent signals corresponding to the third fluorescent pulse signals are obtained; taking the pulse length as an abscissa and the fluorescent signal as an ordinate, and fitting based on the first pulse length and the third fluorescent signal to obtain a first Laratio oscillation curve; taking a first pulse length corresponding to a first extreme point of the first Lax oscillation curve as the first pi pulse length;
Fixing the pulse length of the first microwave pulse to be the first pi pulse length,determining a plurality of second pulse lengths within a second preset scanning length range based on a fourth preset scanning step length; acquisition of the diamond embedded H at each of the second pulse lengths 3 The fourth fluorescent pulse signals of the color center are subjected to integral processing, and fourth fluorescent signals corresponding to the fluorescent pulse signals are obtained; taking the pulse length as an abscissa and the fluorescent signal as an ordinate, and fitting based on the second pulse length and the fourth fluorescent signal to obtain a second Laratio oscillation curve; and taking the second pulse length corresponding to the first extreme point of the second Lax oscillation curve as the second pi pulse length.
Optionally, the determining the first preset working frequency of the first microwave pulse and the second preset working frequency of the second microwave pulse according to the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency specifically includes:
determining a third preset scanning frequency range by taking the first resonant frequency as a central frequency, and scanning for multiple times in the third preset scanning frequency range by a fifth preset scanning step length, wherein each scanning generates an offset frequency, and a third microwave frequency corresponding to each offset frequency is obtained; determining a fourth preset scanning frequency range by taking the second resonance frequency as a center frequency, and scanning for multiple times in the fourth preset scanning frequency range by a fifth preset scanning step length, wherein each scanning generates an offset frequency, and a fourth microwave frequency corresponding to each offset frequency is obtained; obtaining the embedded H of the diamond at each offset frequency 3 A fifth fluorescent pulse signal of the color center, and integrating each fifth fluorescent pulse signal to obtain a fifth fluorescent signal corresponding to each fifth fluorescent pulse signal, wherein the third ODMR spectral line is obtained based on the offset frequency and the fifth fluorescent signal fitting by taking the offset frequency as an abscissa and the fluorescent signal as an ordinate;
performing first-order derivation on the third ODMR spectral line to obtain a first derivative, and taking an offset frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the first derivative as a microwave offset frequency;
adding the first resonant frequency and the microwave offset frequency to obtain a first preset working frequency of the first microwave pulse; and adding the second resonance frequency and the microwave offset frequency to obtain a second preset working frequency of the second microwave pulse.
Optionally, taking the maximum value of the first derivative as a scale factor; the processing of the fluorescence pulse signal to obtain a magnetic field measurement result specifically includes:
integrating the fluorescence pulse signal to obtain a fluorescence signal;
and carrying out unit conversion on the fluorescent signal according to the scale coefficient to obtain a unit conversion result, and carrying out power spectral density analysis on the unit conversion result to obtain a magnetic field measurement result.
Alternatively, the expression for ODMR lines is:
wherein y is a fluorescent signal, x is a scanning microwave frequency, f i For the resonance frequency corresponding to the ith resonance peak, a i 、b i 、c i 、d i 、h i And g is a fitting parameter, and n is the number of formants.
Alternatively, the expression of the rabi oscillation curve is:
where y is the fluorescence signal, t is the scan pulse length, j, k, l, m, p and o are fitting parameters, and ω is the rabi oscillation frequency.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention provides a magnetic field measuring device and a magnetic field measuring method thereof, wherein the device comprises: laser component, microwave generation component, signal detection component, data processing component and embedded H 3 Color center diamond; the laser component is used for generating polarized laser pulse and making the electrodeLaser pulse irradiates embedded H in magnetic field to be measured 3 A color center diamond; polarized laser pulse can embed H into diamond 3 The color center is polarized; the microwave generating component is used for generating microwave pulse and feeding the microwave pulse into the polarized embedded H 3 A color center diamond; microwave pulse can embed H into diamond 3 Color center energy level overturning; the laser component is also used for generating detection laser pulse and enabling the detection laser pulse to irradiate the embedded H after the energy level is reversed 3 A color center diamond; detection laser pulse for detecting diamond embedded H 3 The change of the population number of the color center between different energy levels; the signal detection component is used for collecting diamond embedded H after irradiation detection laser pulse 3 Fluorescent pulse signals of color centers; the data processing component is used for processing the fluorescence pulse signal to obtain a magnetic field measurement result. The invention adopts H 3 Magnetic field measurement is performed by color center due to H 3 The color center has weaker fluorescence than the NV color center background, and H 3 The color center energy level is nondegenerate, unlike the NV color center, which requires an externally applied bias magnetic field to eliminate the energy level degeneracy, thus adopting H 3 The color center is used for measuring the magnetic field, the sensitivity is higher, and the miniaturization integration potential of the device is larger.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic field measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a magnetic field measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a diamond-based embedded H according to an embodiment of the present invention 3 A specific implementation flow chart of the color center magnetic field measurement method;
FIG. 4 is a pulse timing diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of microwave resonance frequency measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of microwave pi pulse length measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flow chart of scale factor and microwave operating frequency measurement of the magnetic field measurement method according to the embodiment of the invention.
Symbol description:
a laser assembly-a; a microwave generating assembly-B; a signal detection component-C; a data processing component-D; embedded H 3 Color center diamond-E.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic field measuring apparatus and a magnetic field measuring method thereof by employing H 3 The color center performs magnetic field measurement, improves the sensitivity of the magnetic field measurement, and adopts H 3 The color center performs magnetic field measurement, and the magnetic field measurement device is smaller in size.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a magnetic field measuring apparatus, comprising: laser component A, microwave generating component B, signal detecting component C, data processing component D and embedded H 3 Color center diamond E.
Wherein the laser component A is used for generating polarized laser pulses and irradiating the polarized laser pulses to a built-in H positioned in a magnetic field to be detected 3 A color center diamond E; the polarized laser pulse can embed H into diamond 3 The color center is polarized;
the microwave generating component B is used for generating microwave pulses and feeding the microwave pulses to the polarized embedded H 3 A color center diamond E; the microwave pulse can embed H into the diamond 3 Color center energy level overturning;
the laser component A is also used for generating detection laser pulses and enabling the detection laser pulses to irradiate the embedded H with energy level reversed 3 A color center diamond E; the detection laser pulse is used for detecting the diamond embedded H 3 The change of the population number of the color center between different energy levels;
the signal detection component C is used for collecting and irradiating the diamond embedded H after the detection laser pulse 3 Fluorescent pulse signals of color centers;
the data processing component D is used for processing the fluorescent pulse signals to obtain magnetic field measurement results.
The laser component A, the microwave generating component B, the signal detecting component C and the data processing component D are respectively and independently arranged. In this embodiment, the laser assembly a is composed of a laser, an acousto-optic modulator and an optical lens, wherein the optical lens further comprises a first optical lens and a second optical lens, and the laser, the first optical lens, the acousto-optic modulator and the second optical lens are sequentially connected in order to generate laser pulses (polarized laser pulses and detection laser pulses) and irradiate the laser pulses to the embedded H 3 Color core material inside (embedded H) 3 Color center diamond) under the irradiation of polarized laser pulse, H 3 The color center is polarized and generates corresponding fluorescence pulse signals containing H 3 Color center spin state information. The detection laser pulse is used for detecting the embedded H of the diamond 3 Color center spin varies in population between different energy levels.
It should be noted that the laser wavelength of the polarized laser pulse and the detection laser pulse should be less than 500nm to ensure H 3 The color center can be excited. The number of the detection laser pulses can be a single pulse, and a final measurement signal (fluorescence signal) is obtained by integrating a fluorescence pulse signal within a certain time range after the fluorescence pulse starts; acting asAlternatively, the number of detected laser pulses may be two, and the two fluorescence signals may be obtained by integrating the two fluorescence pulse signals within a certain time range after the start, according toThe calculated value is used as a final fluorescence signal to eliminate noise caused by laser power fluctuation, wherein S 1 For the first detection of the fluorescent signal obtained under the irradiation of the laser pulse S 2 For the second detection of the fluorescence signal obtained under irradiation of the laser pulse. The purpose of the integration is to enhance the detection signal, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio; the purpose of the difference is to eliminate laser noise and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal.
The microwave generating component B consists of a microwave source, an electronic switch, a power amplifier and a microwave antenna which are sequentially connected, and is used for generating microwave pulses and feeding the microwave field (microwave pulses) to the area irradiated by the laser pulses so as to realize the embedding of H into the diamond 3 Manipulation of the spin of the color center (i.e., effecting energy level flipping). As shown in fig. 4, the laser assembly, the microwave generating assembly sequentially generates polarized laser pulses, first microwave pulses, second microwave pulses, and detection laser pulses.
The signal detection component C comprises an optical lens, a photoelectric detector and data acquisition equipment which are connected in sequence and is used for acquiring H 3 Fluorescent pulse signals emitted by the color center.
The data processing component D is used for controlling the laser component, the microwave generating component and the signal detecting component, and is also used for processing the acquired fluorescent pulse signals to obtain magnetic field measurement results.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the present invention further provides a magnetic field measurement method based on the magnetic field measurement device, where the method includes:
s1: controlling a laser component to generate polarized laser pulses, and enabling the polarized laser pulses to irradiate embedded H in a magnetic field to be detected 3 A color center diamond; the polarized laser pulse can embed H into diamond 3 The color center is polarized.
S2: controlling the microwave generating assembly to generate microwave pulse and feeding the microwave pulse to the polarized embedded H 3 A color center diamond; the microwave pulse can embed H into the diamond 3 The color center energy level is turned over.
S3: controlling a laser component to generate detection laser pulse, and enabling the detection laser pulse to irradiate the embedded H with energy level turned 3 A color center diamond; the detection laser pulse is used for detecting the diamond embedded H 3 Color center population varies between different energy levels.
S4: the control signal detection component acquires and irradiates the diamond embedded H after the detection laser pulse 3 Fluorescent pulse signal of color center.
S5: and processing the fluorescence pulse signal to obtain a magnetic field measurement result.
In this embodiment, the microwave pulse includes a first microwave pulse and a second microwave pulse; the first microwave pulse can enable the diamond to embed H 3 The color center is flipped from the first energy level to the second energy level; the second microwave pulse can enable the diamond to embed H 3 The color center is flipped from the second energy level to the third energy level; the first microwave pulse is a microwave pulse with a first preset pulse length and a first preset working frequency; the second microwave pulse is a microwave pulse with a second preset pulse length and a second preset working frequency. Thus, before controlling the microwave generating assembly to generate the microwave pulse, it further comprises:
Determining a first preset pulse length, a first preset working frequency, a second preset pulse length and a second preset working frequency. In this embodiment, the steps may specifically include:
step 101: determining the diamond embedded H 3 First resonance frequency of color center turning from first energy level to second energy level and embedded H of diamond 3 The color center is flipped from the second energy level to the second resonance frequency of the third energy level.
Step 102: determining the diamond embedded H according to the first resonance frequency and the second resonance frequency 3 Color center from the firstFirst pi pulse length with energy level being inverted to second energy level and embedded H of diamond 3 A second pi pulse length with color center flipped from a second energy level to a third energy level; taking the first pi pulse length as a first preset pulse length of the first microwave pulse and the second pi pulse length as a second preset pulse length of the second microwave pulse.
Step 103: and determining a first preset working frequency of the first microwave pulse and a second preset working frequency of the second microwave pulse according to the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency.
Step 101 specifically includes:
Fixing the microwave frequencies of the second microwave pulses, and determining a plurality of first microwave frequencies within a first preset scanning frequency range based on a first preset scanning step length; acquiring the diamond embedded H at each first microwave frequency 3 The method comprises the steps of performing integral processing on first fluorescent pulse signals of a color center to obtain first fluorescent signals corresponding to each first fluorescent pulse signal; and taking the microwave frequency as an abscissa and the fluorescent signal as an ordinate, obtaining a first ODMR spectrum line based on the first microwave frequency and the first fluorescent signal by fitting, and taking the first microwave frequency corresponding to the highest peak point of the first ODMR spectrum line as the first resonant frequency.
Fixing the microwave frequency of the first microwave pulse to be the first resonant frequency, and determining a plurality of second microwave frequencies in a second preset scanning frequency range based on a second preset scanning step length; acquiring the diamond embedded H at each second microwave frequency 3 The second fluorescent pulse signals of the color center are subjected to integral processing, and second fluorescent signals corresponding to the second fluorescent pulse signals are obtained; and taking the microwave frequency as an abscissa and the fluorescence signal as an ordinate, obtaining a second ODMR spectrum line based on the second microwave frequency and the second fluorescence signal by fitting, and taking the second microwave frequency corresponding to the highest peak point of the second ODMR spectrum line as the second resonance frequency.
Concrete embodimentsAs shown in fig. 5, the microwave frequencies of the second microwave pulses are fixed, and a plurality of first microwave frequencies are determined in a first preset scanning frequency range by taking a first preset scanning step length as a step length, so that the microwave generating assembly generates a first microwave pulse with the first microwave frequency and a second microwave pulse with the fixed microwave frequency, and the second microwave pulse with the fixed microwave frequency is embedded with H 3 The method comprises the steps of sequentially applying polarized laser pulses, first microwave pulses with first microwave frequencies, second microwave pulses with fixed microwave frequencies and detection laser pulses to color center diamond, collecting first fluorescent pulse signals under different first microwave frequencies, and carrying out integral processing on the first fluorescent pulse signals to obtain first fluorescent signals. Each fluorescence pulse signal corresponds to a fluorescence signal value. Taking the microwave frequency as an abscissa and the fluorescence signal as an ordinate, obtaining a first ODMR spectrum based on the fitting of the first microwave frequency and the first fluorescence signal, and obtaining a first microwave frequency f corresponding to the highest peak point of the first ODMR spectrum 0,mw1 As a method for embedding H into diamond 3 The color center is flipped from the first energy level to the first resonant frequency of the second energy level. Then the microwave frequency of the first microwave pulse is set as f 0,mw1 Determining a plurality of second microwave frequencies in a second preset scanning frequency range by taking a second preset scanning step length as a step length, and generating a microwave frequency f by a microwave generating component 0,mw1 A second microwave pulse having a second microwave frequency, a pair of embedded H 3 The color center diamond sequentially applies polarized laser pulse with the microwave frequency f 0,mw1 Collecting second fluorescent pulse signals under different second microwave frequencies, carrying out integral processing on the second fluorescent pulse signals to obtain second fluorescent signals, carrying out fitting on the second fluorescent signals and the second microwave frequency to obtain second ODMR spectral lines by taking the microwave frequency as an abscissa and taking the fluorescent signals as an ordinate, and carrying out fitting on the second fluorescent signals and the second microwave frequency to obtain second microwave frequency f corresponding to the highest peak point of the second ODMR spectral lines 0,mw2 As a method for embedding H into diamond 3 The color center is flipped from the second energy level to the second resonance frequency of the third energy level. At this time, in the process of measuring the first resonance frequency and the second resonance frequency, the first microThe pulse lengths of the wave pulse and the second microwave pulse may be empirically chosen.
In this embodiment, the first microwave frequency corresponding to the other peak points of the first ODMR spectrum line may be selected as the first resonant frequency, and the second microwave frequency corresponding to the other peak points of the second ODMR spectrum line may be selected as the second resonant frequency, that is, the microwave frequency corresponding to the non-highest peak point may be selected as the resonant frequency. It is also possible to measure the resonant frequency of the second microwave pulse first and then the resonant microwave frequency (resonant frequency) of the first microwave pulse. The scanning frequency range should cover the formant microwave frequency, and the scanning step length should ensure that the obtained ODMR spectral line is smooth so as to perform data fitting.
In some examples, the expression for ODMR lines is:
wherein y is a fluorescent signal, x is a scanning microwave frequency, f i For the resonance frequency corresponding to the ith resonance peak, a i 、b i 、c i 、d i 、h i And g is a fitting parameter, and n is the number of formants.
Step 102, specifically includes:
setting the microwave frequency of the first microwave pulse to be the first resonance frequency, setting the microwave frequency of the second microwave pulse to be the second resonance frequency, fixing the pulse length of the second microwave pulse, and determining a plurality of first pulse lengths in a first preset scanning length range based on a third preset scanning step length; acquiring the diamond embedded H at each first pulse length 3 The third fluorescent pulse signals of the color center are subjected to integral processing, and third fluorescent signals corresponding to the third fluorescent pulse signals are obtained; taking the pulse length as an abscissa and the fluorescent signal as an ordinate, and fitting based on the first pulse length and the third fluorescent signal to obtain a first Laratio oscillation curve;and taking the corresponding first pulse length at the first extreme point of the first Lax oscillation curve as the first pi pulse length.
Fixing the pulse length of the first microwave pulse to be the first pi pulse length, and determining a plurality of second pulse lengths in a second preset scanning length range based on a fourth preset scanning step length; acquisition of the diamond embedded H at each of the second pulse lengths 3 The fourth fluorescent pulse signals of the color center are subjected to integral processing, and fourth fluorescent signals corresponding to the fluorescent pulse signals are obtained; taking the pulse length as an abscissa and the fluorescent signal as an ordinate, and fitting based on the second pulse length and the fourth fluorescent signal to obtain a second Laratio oscillation curve; and taking the second pulse length corresponding to the first extreme point of the second Lax oscillation curve as the second pi pulse length.
The purpose of step 102 is to determine the optimal microwave pulse length so that the fluorescence detection signal contrast is maximized to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the final magnetic field measurement signal. Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the microwave frequencies of the first microwave pulse and the second microwave pulse are first set to be the first resonance frequency f determined in step 101, respectively 0,mw1 And a second resonance frequency f 0,mw2 Fixing pulse length of the second microwave pulse, determining a plurality of first pulse lengths within a first preset scanning length range by taking a third preset scanning step length as a step length, and generating a second resonance frequency f through the microwave generating component B 0,mw2 And a second microwave pulse of fixed pulse length and having a first resonant frequency f 0,mw1 And a first microwave pulse of a first pulse length, embedded H by the magnetic field measuring device 3 The color center diamond sequentially applies polarized laser pulses with a first resonant frequency f 0,mw1 And a first microwave pulse of a first pulse length having a second resonant frequency f 0,mw2 And a second microwave pulse with fixed pulse length and a detection laser pulse, the pulse time sequence diagram is shown in figure 4, and the diamond embedded H under each first pulse length is collected 3 The third fluorescent pulse signal emitted by the color center is integrated to obtain the first fluorescent pulse signalThe three fluorescence signals are used for fitting based on the first pulse length and the third fluorescence signal to obtain a first Laratio oscillation curve by taking the pulse length as an abscissa and taking the fluorescence signal as an ordinate, and the first pulse length t corresponding to the first extreme point of the first Laratio oscillation curve is obtained π,mw1 As a method for embedding H into diamond 3 The color center is flipped from a first energy level to a first pi pulse length of a second energy level. Then, the pulse length of the first microwave pulse is set to t π,mw1 Determining a plurality of second pulse lengths within a second preset scanning length range by taking a fourth preset scanning step length as a step length, and generating a first resonant frequency f through the microwave generating component B 0,mw1 Pulse length t π,mw1 And has a second resonant frequency f 0,mw2 And a second microwave pulse with a second pulse length, and collecting diamond embedded H corresponding to each second pulse length 3 Integrating the fourth fluorescence pulse signal emitted by the color center to obtain a fourth fluorescence signal, taking the pulse length as an abscissa, taking the fluorescence signal as an ordinate, fitting the fourth fluorescence signal to obtain a second Lax oscillation curve based on the second pulse length and the fourth fluorescence signal, and matching the second pulse length t corresponding to the first extreme point of the second Lax oscillation curve π,mw2 As a method for embedding H into diamond 3 The color center is flipped from the second energy level to the second pi pulse length of the third energy level.
It should be noted that the pi pulse length of the second microwave pulse may be measured first, and then the pi pulse length of the first microwave pulse may be measured. The fit expression of the above-mentioned rabi oscillation curve is:
where y is the fluorescent signal, t is the scanning pulse length, j, k, l, m, p and o are fitting parameters, ω is the ratio oscillation frequency, which is proportional to the microwave field amplitude of the microwave pulse.
Step 103, specifically includes:
centered on the first resonant frequency The frequency is determined to be a third preset scanning frequency range, a fifth preset scanning step length is used for scanning for multiple times in the third preset scanning frequency range, each scanning generates an offset frequency, and a third microwave frequency corresponding to each offset frequency is obtained; determining a fourth preset scanning frequency range by taking the second resonance frequency as a center frequency, and scanning for multiple times in the fourth preset scanning frequency range by a fifth preset scanning step length, wherein each scanning generates an offset frequency, and a fourth microwave frequency corresponding to each offset frequency is obtained; obtaining the embedded H of the diamond at each offset frequency 3 A fifth fluorescent pulse signal of the color center, and integrating each fifth fluorescent pulse signal to obtain a fifth fluorescent signal corresponding to each fifth fluorescent pulse signal, wherein the third ODMR spectral line is obtained based on the offset frequency and the fifth fluorescent signal fitting by taking the offset frequency as an abscissa and the fluorescent signal as an ordinate;
performing first-order derivation on the third ODMR spectral line to obtain a first derivative, and taking an offset frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the first derivative as a microwave offset frequency;
adding the first resonant frequency and the microwave offset frequency to obtain a first preset working frequency of the first microwave pulse; and adding the second resonance frequency and the microwave offset frequency to obtain a second preset working frequency of the second microwave pulse.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, f is respectively 0,mw1 And f 0,mw2 Determining a third preset scanning frequency range and a fourth preset scanning frequency range for the center frequency, determining a plurality of offset frequencies by a fifth preset scanning step length, and then determining a third microwave frequency and a fourth microwave frequency corresponding to each offset frequency in the third preset scanning frequency range and the fourth preset scanning frequency range respectively by the same step length (namely the fifth preset scanning step length), wherein, as the third preset scanning frequency range and the fourth preset scanning frequency range are scanned simultaneously, the offset frequencies obtained by scanning in the third preset scanning frequency range and the fourth preset scanning frequency range are the same each time, and each offset frequency corresponds to oneA set of microwave frequencies including a third microwave frequency and a fourth microwave frequency, each offset frequency corresponding to the third microwave frequency to the center frequency f 0,mw1 And the distance from the fourth microwave frequency to the center frequency f 0,mw2 Is the same. Generating a first microwave pulse with a third microwave frequency and the first pi pulse length and a second microwave pulse with a fourth microwave frequency and the second pi pulse length respectively through a microwave generating assembly, wherein a pulse time sequence diagram is shown in fig. 4, and embedding H into the microwave pulse through a magnetic field measuring device 3 The color center diamond sequentially applies polarized laser pulse, first microwave pulse with third microwave frequency and the first pi pulse length, second microwave pulse with fourth microwave frequency and the second pi pulse length and detection laser pulse, and acquires diamond embedded H under each offset frequency 3 And integrating the fifth fluorescent pulse signal emitted by the color center to obtain a fifth fluorescent signal, wherein the fluorescent signal is taken as an ordinate and the offset frequency as an abscissa, and the third ODMR line is obtained by fitting through the fitting formula of the ODMR line based on the offset frequency and the fifth fluorescent signal. Obtaining the first derivative of the third ODMR spectrum line, recording the maximum value of the first derivative of the third ODMR spectrum line as a scale factor K, correspondingly obtaining the microwave offset frequency at the maximum value as delta f, and respectively combining the delta f with f 0,mw1 And f 0,mw2 Adding to obtain a first preset working frequency of the first microwave pulse and a second preset working frequency of the second microwave pulse, wherein the first preset working frequency is f w,mw1 ＝f 0,mw1 +Δf, a second preset operating frequency f w,mw2 ＝f 0,mw2 +Δf。
Taking the maximum value of the first derivative as a scale factor; the processing of the fluorescence pulse signal to obtain a magnetic field measurement result specifically includes:
Integrating the fluorescence pulse signal to obtain a fluorescence signal;
and carrying out unit conversion on the fluorescent signal according to the scale coefficient to obtain a unit conversion result, and carrying out power spectral density analysis on the unit conversion result to obtain a magnetic field measurement result. Specifically:
and collecting fluorescent pulse signals within a period of time, carrying out integration processing on each fluorescent pulse signal to obtain fluorescent signals, carrying out unit conversion on the fluorescent signals according to the scale coefficient K, and carrying out power spectral density analysis on the unit conversion result to obtain a magnetic field measurement result. The fluorescent signal is divided by a scale factor K, so that the fluorescent signal is converted into a magnetic induction intensity value (unit conversion result) from a voltage value unit (the unit is converted into T from V), and the magnetic induction intensity value is subjected to power spectral density analysis, namely a magnetic field measurement sensitivity result.
It should be noted that the first preset scanning step length, the second preset scanning step length and the fifth preset scanning step length refer to the step length of the microwave frequency; the third preset scanning step length and the fourth preset scanning step length refer to step lengths of microwave pulse time.
In this embodiment, the method further includes: the fluorescent pulse signals within a certain time are measured by the signal detection assembly, namely a plurality of pulse sequences are obtained by the magnetic field measurement device, each pulse sequence comprises polarized laser pulses, microwave pulses and detection laser pulses, and the diamond embedded H after being irradiated by each pulse sequence is collected 3 The fluorescent pulse signals emitted by the color center can be obtained, a plurality of fluorescent pulse signals in a preset time period can be obtained, the fluorescent pulse signals are subjected to integral processing and divided by a scale factor K, so that the unit of each fluorescent signal is converted into a magnetic induction intensity value (magnetic induction intensity T), then the fluorescent signals (magnetic induction intensity value) subjected to unit conversion are subjected to power spectral density analysis, the relationship between the magnetic field measurement sensitivity and the frequency of the magnetic field to be measured is obtained and output, and a magnetic field measurement result is obtained, wherein the result represents H 3 Limit values of the magnetic field measurement of the color center for different frequencies.
The invention realizes the embedding of H into diamond by applying laser pulse and microwave pulse sequence 3 Polarization, manipulation and detection of the color center, thereby realizing measurement of the magnetic field. Diamond embedded H 3 The color center can realize polarization, detection and control of spin state under normal temperature and normal pressure without externally adding a bias magnetic field, so that H is embedded in the diamond 3 The magnetic field measuring device of the color center is simple and easy to be integrated in a miniaturized way. Compared with diamond embedded with NV color center, embedded H 3 The color center has lower background fluorescence, can perform high-contrast signal detection, and can reduce noise in magnetic field measurement so as to improve magnetic field measurement sensitivity.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetic field measurement apparatus, the apparatus comprising: laser component, microwave generation component, signal detection component, data processing component and embedded H 3 Color center diamond;
the laser component is used for generating polarized laser pulses and enabling the polarized laser pulses to irradiate embedded H in a magnetic field to be measured 3 A color center diamond; the polarized laser pulse can embed H into diamond 3 The color center is polarized;
the microwave generating component is used for generating microwave pulses and feeding the microwave pulses to the polarized embedded H 3 A color center diamond; the microwave pulse can embed H into the diamond 3 Color center energy level overturning;
the laser component is also used for generating detection laser pulses and enabling the detection laser pulses to irradiate the embedded H after the energy level is turned over 3 A color center diamond; the detection laser pulse is used for detecting the diamond embedded H 3 The change of the population number of the color center between different energy levels;
the letterThe number detection component is used for collecting and irradiating the diamond embedded H after the detection laser pulse 3 Fluorescent pulse signals of color centers;
the data processing component is used for processing the fluorescence pulse signals to obtain magnetic field measurement results.
2. A magnetic field measurement method based on the magnetic field measurement apparatus of claim 1, the method comprising:
controlling a laser component to generate polarized laser pulses, and enabling the polarized laser pulses to irradiate embedded H in a magnetic field to be detected 3 A color center diamond; the polarized laser pulse can embed H into diamond 3 The color center is polarized;
controlling the microwave generating assembly to generate microwave pulse and feeding the microwave pulse to the polarized embedded H 3 A color center diamond; the microwave pulse can embed H into the diamond 3 Color center energy level overturning;
controlling a laser component to generate detection laser pulse, and enabling the detection laser pulse to irradiate the embedded H with energy level turned 3 A color center diamond; the detection laser pulse is used for detecting the diamond embedded H 3 The change of the population number of the color center between different energy levels;
the control signal detection component acquires and irradiates the diamond embedded H after the detection laser pulse 3 Fluorescent pulse signals of color centers;
and processing the fluorescence pulse signal to obtain a magnetic field measurement result.
3. The magnetic field measurement method of claim 2, wherein the microwave pulse comprises a first microwave pulse and a second microwave pulse; the first microwave pulse can enable the diamond to embed H 3 The color center is flipped from the first energy level to the second energy level; the second microwave pulse can enable the diamond to embed H 3 The color center is flipped from the second energy level to the third energy level; the first microwave pulse has a first preset pulse length and a first preset working frequencyMicrowave pulses of rate; the second microwave pulse is a microwave pulse with a second preset pulse length and a second preset working frequency;
before controlling the microwave generating assembly to generate the microwave pulse, the method further comprises:
Determining a first preset pulse length, a first preset working frequency, a second preset pulse length and a second preset working frequency.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the first preset pulse length, the first preset operating frequency, the second preset pulse length, and the second preset operating frequency comprises:
determining the diamond embedded H 3 First resonance frequency of color center turning from first energy level to second energy level and embedded H of diamond 3 A second resonance frequency at which the color center is flipped from the second energy level to the third energy level;
determining the diamond embedded H according to the first resonance frequency and the second resonance frequency 3 First pi pulse length with color center being reversed from first energy level to second energy level and embedded H of diamond 3 A second pi pulse length with color center flipped from a second energy level to a third energy level; taking the first pi pulse length as a first preset pulse length of the first microwave pulse and the second pi pulse length as a second preset pulse length of the second microwave pulse;
and determining a first preset working frequency of the first microwave pulse and a second preset working frequency of the second microwave pulse according to the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the determining the diamond embedded H 3 First resonance frequency of color center turning from first energy level to second energy level and embedded H of diamond 3 The second resonance frequency of the color center from the second energy level to the third energy level specifically includes:
fixing the microwave frequency of the second microwave pulseThe rate, confirm a plurality of first microwave frequencies in the first preset scanning frequency range on the basis of the first preset scanning step length; acquiring the diamond embedded H at each first microwave frequency 3 The method comprises the steps of performing integral processing on first fluorescent pulse signals of a color center to obtain first fluorescent signals corresponding to each first fluorescent pulse signal; taking the microwave frequency as an abscissa and the fluorescent signal as an ordinate, fitting based on the first microwave frequency and the first fluorescent signal to obtain a first ODMR spectrum line, and taking the first microwave frequency corresponding to the highest peak point of the first ODMR spectrum line as the first resonant frequency;
fixing the microwave frequency of the first microwave pulse to be the first resonant frequency, and determining a plurality of second microwave frequencies in a second preset scanning frequency range based on a second preset scanning step length; acquiring the diamond embedded H at each second microwave frequency 3 The second fluorescent pulse signals of the color center are subjected to integral processing, and second fluorescent signals corresponding to the second fluorescent pulse signals are obtained; and taking the microwave frequency as an abscissa and the fluorescence signal as an ordinate, obtaining a second ODMR spectrum line based on the second microwave frequency and the second fluorescence signal by fitting, and taking the second microwave frequency corresponding to the highest peak point of the second ODMR spectrum line as the second resonance frequency.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining the diamond embedded H is based on the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency 3 First pi pulse length with color center being reversed from first energy level to second energy level and embedded H of diamond 3 The second pi pulse length of the color center from the second energy level to the third energy level specifically comprises:
setting the microwave frequency of the first microwave pulse to be the first resonance frequency, setting the microwave frequency of the second microwave pulse to be the second resonance frequency, fixing the pulse length of the second microwave pulse, and setting the third preset scanning step length within a first preset scanning length range Determining a plurality of first pulse lengths; acquiring the diamond embedded H at each first pulse length 3 The third fluorescent pulse signals of the color center are subjected to integral processing, and third fluorescent signals corresponding to the third fluorescent pulse signals are obtained; taking the pulse length as an abscissa and the fluorescent signal as an ordinate, and fitting based on the first pulse length and the third fluorescent signal to obtain a first Laratio oscillation curve; taking a first pulse length corresponding to a first extreme point of the first Lax oscillation curve as the first pi pulse length;
fixing the pulse length of the first microwave pulse to be the first pi pulse length, and determining a plurality of second pulse lengths in a second preset scanning length range based on a fourth preset scanning step length; acquisition of the diamond embedded H at each of the second pulse lengths 3 The fourth fluorescent pulse signals of the color center are subjected to integral processing, and fourth fluorescent signals corresponding to the fluorescent pulse signals are obtained; taking the pulse length as an abscissa and the fluorescent signal as an ordinate, and fitting based on the second pulse length and the fourth fluorescent signal to obtain a second Laratio oscillation curve; and taking the second pulse length corresponding to the first extreme point of the second Lax oscillation curve as the second pi pulse length.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein determining the first preset operating frequency of the first microwave pulse and the second preset operating frequency of the second microwave pulse according to the first resonant frequency and the second resonant frequency comprises:
determining a third preset scanning frequency range by taking the first resonant frequency as a central frequency, and scanning for multiple times in the third preset scanning frequency range by a fifth preset scanning step length, wherein each scanning generates an offset frequency, and a third microwave frequency corresponding to each offset frequency is obtained; determining a fourth preset scanning frequency range by taking the second resonance frequency as a central frequency, and taking a fifth preset scanning step length as a fourth preset scanning step lengthSetting scanning frequency ranges, and scanning for multiple times, wherein each scanning generates an offset frequency to obtain a fourth microwave frequency corresponding to each offset frequency; obtaining the embedded H of the diamond at each offset frequency 3 A fifth fluorescent pulse signal of the color center, and integrating each fifth fluorescent pulse signal to obtain a fifth fluorescent signal corresponding to each fifth fluorescent pulse signal, wherein the third ODMR spectral line is obtained based on the offset frequency and the fifth fluorescent signal fitting by taking the offset frequency as an abscissa and the fluorescent signal as an ordinate;
Performing first-order derivation on the third ODMR spectral line to obtain a first derivative, and taking an offset frequency corresponding to the maximum value of the first derivative as a microwave offset frequency;
adding the first resonant frequency and the microwave offset frequency to obtain a first preset working frequency of the first microwave pulse; and adding the second resonance frequency and the microwave offset frequency to obtain a second preset working frequency of the second microwave pulse.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein a maximum value of the first derivative is used as a scale factor; the processing of the fluorescence pulse signal to obtain a magnetic field measurement result specifically includes:
integrating the fluorescence pulse signal to obtain a fluorescence signal;
and carrying out unit conversion on the fluorescent signal according to the scale coefficient to obtain a unit conversion result, and carrying out power spectral density analysis on the unit conversion result to obtain a magnetic field measurement result.
9. The method of claim 5, wherein the ODMR spectrum is expressed as:
wherein y is a fluorescent signal, and x is a scanning microwave frequency，f i For the resonance frequency corresponding to the ith resonance peak, a i 、b i 、c i 、d i 、h i And g is a fitting parameter, and n is the number of formants.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the expression of the rabi oscillation curve is:
where y is the fluorescence signal, t is the scan pulse length, j, k, l, m, p and o are fitting parameters, and ω is the rabi oscillation frequency.
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