CN112068046B - NV color center magnetic field measuring device and light modulation magnetic field measuring method - Google Patents
NV color center magnetic field measuring device and light modulation magnetic field measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A NV color center magnetic field measuring device and an optical modulation magnetic field measuring method are characterized in that a modulation light source module, a lens, a control field feeding module, a diamond sample containing an NV color center, a filter and a signal detection module are sequentially connected, the control field feeding module and the diamond sample are arranged in a bias magnetic field generating module, magnetic field measurement can be performed under a low-power condition based on an optical modulation technology, and the NV color center magnetic field measuring device and the optical modulation magnetic field measuring method have the advantages of starting operation at room temperature, simplicity in operation, easiness in integration and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a magnetic field measurement technology, in particular to an NV color center magnetic field measurement device and an optical modulation magnetic field measurement method.
Background
The detection and imaging of the small-area weak magnetic field are widely applied to the research fields of material science, mesoscopic physics, life science and the like. In recent years, with the rapid development of quantum technology, some new magnetic field measurement means are proposed and put into practice, and typical representatives are: superconducting quantum interferometers, SERF magnetometers, nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometers and diamond NV color center magnetometers based on spin-exchange relaxation. Compared with other magnetic field measurement schemes, the NV color center magnetometer works at normal temperature, has great advantages in the aspects of easy control and detection and the like, has great application prospect in the aspects of miniaturization and integration, and even can exceed other magnetometers. And the optical modulation method is suitable for magnetic field measurement under the condition of low power consumption. Therefore, the NV color center magnetic field measuring device and the optical modulation magnetic field measuring method have great attention due to their considerable application prospects.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the development of the technology, the invention provides the NV color center magnetic field measuring device and the optical modulation magnetic field measuring method, the modulation light source module, the lens, the control field feeding module, the diamond sample containing the NV color center, the filter and the signal detection module are sequentially connected, and the control field feeding module and the diamond sample are arranged in the bias magnetic field generating module, so that the magnetic field measurement can be carried out under the low-power condition based on the optical modulation technology, and the NV color center magnetic field measuring device has the advantages of starting operation at room temperature, simplicity in operation, easiness in integration and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the NV color center magnetic field measuring device is characterized by comprising a modulation light source module, a lens, a control field feeding module, a diamond sample containing an NV color center, a filter and a signal detection module which are sequentially connected, wherein the control field feeding module and the diamond sample are arranged in a bias magnetic field generating module, the lens converges modulated light and irradiates the surface of the diamond sample to polarize the NV color center, the bias magnetic field generating module can split the energy level of the NV color center through a bias magnetic field of the bias magnetic field generating module, the control field feeding module is used for emitting microwaves to control the electron spin state of the NV color center, and the signal detection module is used for detecting the intensity of a fluorescence signal emitted by the NV color center.
The control field feeding module comprises an arc-shaped antenna, a left pin at the bottom of the arc-shaped antenna is connected with a microwave source through a conducting wire, a right pin at the bottom of the arc-shaped antenna is connected with a constant value resistor, and the arc-shaped antenna is attached to the surface of the diamond sample.
The bias magnetic field generation module comprises a three-dimensional Helmholtz coil and a current source, the three-dimensional Helmholtz coil comprises a first enameled wire wound metal frame, a second enameled wire wound metal frame and a third enameled wire wound metal frame which are vertically arranged in a three-dimensional space, and the first enameled wire wound metal frame, the second enameled wire wound metal frame and the third enameled wire wound metal frame are respectively connected with the current source.
The signal detection module comprises a photoelectric detector, a transimpedance amplifier and a phase-locked amplifier, wherein the photoelectric detector is used for detecting a fluorescence signal emitted by an NV color center and outputting an electric signal, and finally the electric signal is output to a user side after being processed by the transimpedance amplifier and the phase-locked amplifier.
The filter is positioned in front of the photoelectric detector probe to filter out a fluorescence signal smaller than 650 nm.
The modulation light source module comprises a signal generator, a voltage-controlled current source and a green light source, the signal generator is used for outputting a modulation waveform to the voltage-controlled current source and outputting a reference signal to the signal detection module, the voltage-controlled current source receives a modulation signal output by the signal generator and outputs corresponding driving current to drive the green light source to emit modulation light, and the modulation light is irradiated on the surface of the diamond sample after being converged by the lens and is used for polarizing an NV color center.
The wavelength of the modulated light is 500nm-550nm, the fluorescence wavelength emitted by the NV color center is 600 nm-800 nm, and the diamond sample contains the NV color center by 0.1 ppm-10 ppm.
The device comprises a shell, wherein the modulation light source module, the lens, the control field feeding module, the diamond sample containing the NV color center, the filter, the signal detection module and the bias magnetic field generating module are all arranged in the shell in a coaxial line mode.
An optical modulation magnetic field measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps from the beginning of measurement to the end of measurement by adopting the NV color center magnetic field measuring device:
step 1, inputting a first operation instruction to enable a bias magnetic field generation module to generate a bias magnetic field with known amplitude and direction, wherein the bias magnetic field enables the energy level of an NV color center to be split;
step 2, inputting a second operation instruction to enable the modulation light source module to emit modulation light for polarizing the NV color center, wherein the modulation frequency of the modulation light is recorded as fmod;
step 3, inputting a third operation instruction to enable the control field feeding module to transmit sweep frequency microwaves, wherein the sweep frequency microwaves control the electron spin state of the NV color center, and the frequency range of the sweep frequency microwaves is marked as delta fw;
step 4, the diamond sample emits fluorescence, the fluorescence is received by a signal detection module and then is output to a user side to obtain an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrum, a first derivative is obtained from the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrum curve to obtain a maximum value a in the first derivative, a value a and a corresponding microwave frequency value fw are recorded, and fw is determined as a working frequency;
step 5, inputting a fourth operation instruction to enable the control field feeding module to emit fixed-frequency microwaves, wherein the microwave frequency is fw;
step 6, inputting a fifth operation instruction to apply a calibration signal with known magnetic field amplitude and direction to the system;
step 7, the signal detection module detects the fluorescent signal and outputs a detection result;
step 8, calibrating the detection result according to the applied calibration signal;
and 9, resolving to obtain a magnetic field measurement sensitivity result by using a power spectral density analysis method and outputting the magnetic field measurement sensitivity result.
The invention has the following technical effects: the NV color center magnetic field measuring device and the optical modulation magnetic field measuring method have the advantages of starting operation at room temperature, simplicity in operation, easiness in integration and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an NV color center magnetic field measuring device embodying the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the manipulation field feeding module in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the bias magnetic field generating module in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring an optically modulated magnetic field according to the present invention. Fig. 4 includes the following steps from the start measurement to the end measurement: step 110, a user inputs a first operation instruction, and the bias magnetic field generation module generates a bias magnetic field; step 120, inputting a second operation instruction by a user, and enabling the modulation light source module to emit modulation light with a modulation frequency of fmod; step 130, a user inputs a third operation instruction, controls the field feeding module to emit sweep frequency microwaves, and the frequency range is delta fw; 140, the sample emits fluorescence, the fluorescence is received by the photoelectric detection module and then output to a user side to obtain a light detection magnetic resonance result, a first-order derivative of the light detection magnetic resonance result is obtained, a maximum value a in the first-order derivative is checked, an a value and a corresponding microwave frequency value fw are recorded, and fw is determined as a working frequency; step 150, a user inputs a fourth operation instruction to control the field feeding module to emit fixed-frequency microwaves, wherein the frequency of the microwaves is fw; step 160, applying a calibration signal with known amplitude and direction to the system by a fifth operation instruction of the user; step 170, the signal detection module detects the fluorescent signal and outputs a result; step 180, calibrating the detection result according to the applied calibration signal; and 190, performing power spectral density analysis, resolving to obtain and output results such as magnetic field measurement sensitivity and the like.
The reference numbers are listed below: 101-a housing; 102-a modulated light source module; 103-a lens; 104-bias magnetic field generating module (e.g., three-dimensional helmholtz coil); 105-a steering field feed module; 106-diamond sample (containing NV color center, nitrogen-vacancy center); 107-filter segment; 108-a signal detection module; 201-a microwave source; 203-circular arc antenna; 301-winding a first enameled wire around a metal frame; 302-winding a second enameled wire on a metal frame; 303-winding a metal frame by a third enameled wire; 305-current source.
Detailed Description
The invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings (fig. 1-4).
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an NV color center magnetic field measuring device embodying the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the manipulation field feeding module in fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the bias magnetic field generating module in fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring an optically modulated magnetic field according to the present invention. Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an NV color center magnetic field measuring device includes a modulation light source module 102, a lens 103, a control field feeding module 105, a diamond sample 106 containing an NV color center, a filter 107, and a signal detecting module 108, which are connected in sequence, where the control field feeding module 105 and the diamond sample 106 are disposed in a bias magnetic field generating module 104, the lens 103 focuses the modulated light and irradiates the surface of the diamond sample 106 with the focused modulated light to polarize the NV color center, the bias magnetic field generating module 104 can split the energy level of the NV color center through its bias magnetic field, the control field feeding module 105 is configured to emit microwaves to control the electron spin state of the NV color center, and the signal detecting module 108 is configured to detect the intensity of a fluorescent signal emitted by the NV color center. The control field feeding module 105 comprises an arc antenna 203, the left pin at the bottom of the arc antenna 203 is connected with the microwave source 201 through a conducting wire, the right pin at the bottom of the arc antenna 203 is connected with a constant value resistor, and the arc antenna 203 is attached to the surface of the diamond sample 106.
The bias magnetic field generating module 104 includes a three-dimensional helmholtz coil and a current source 305, the three-dimensional helmholtz coil includes a first enameled wire wound metal frame 301, a second enameled wire wound metal frame 302, and a third enameled wire wound metal frame 303, which are perpendicular to each other in a three-dimensional space, and the first enameled wire wound metal frame 301, the second enameled wire wound metal frame 302, and the third enameled wire wound metal frame 303 are respectively connected to the current source 305. The signal detection module 108 includes a photodetector, a transimpedance amplifier, and a lock-in amplifier, where the photodetector is configured to detect a fluorescence signal emitted by an NV color center and output an electrical signal, and finally, the electrical signal is processed by the transimpedance amplifier and the lock-in amplifier and then output to a user side. The filter 107 is positioned in front of the photodetector probe to filter out fluorescence signals smaller than 650 nm. The modulation light source module 102 includes a signal generator, a voltage-controlled current source and a green light source, the signal generator is not only configured to output a modulation waveform to the voltage-controlled current source, but also configured to output a reference signal to the signal detection module 108, the voltage-controlled current source receives a modulation signal output by the signal generator, and outputs a corresponding driving current to drive the green light source to emit modulation light, and the modulation light is converged by the lens 103 and then irradiated on the surface of the diamond sample 106, so as to polarize an NV color center. The wavelength of the modulated light is 500nm-550nm, the fluorescence wavelength emitted by the NV color center is 600 nm-800 nm, and the diamond sample 106 contains the NV color center in 0.1 ppm-10 ppm. The device comprises a shell 101, wherein the modulation light source module 102, a lens 103, a control field feeding module 105, a diamond sample 106 containing an NV color center, a filter 107, a signal detection module 108 and a bias magnetic field generating module 104 are all arranged in the shell 101 in a coaxial line mode.
An optical modulation magnetic field measuring method comprises the following steps of using the NV color center magnetic field measuring device to execute measurement from the beginning to the end: step 1, inputting a first operation instruction to enable a bias magnetic field generation module to generate a bias magnetic field with known amplitude and direction, wherein the bias magnetic field enables the energy level of an NV color center to be split; step 2, inputting a second operation instruction to enable the modulation light source module to emit modulation light for polarizing the NV color center, wherein the modulation frequency of the modulation light is recorded as fmod; step 3, inputting a third operation instruction to enable the control field feeding module to transmit sweep frequency microwaves, wherein the sweep frequency microwaves control the electron spin state of the NV color center, and the frequency range of the sweep frequency microwaves is marked as delta fw; step 4, the diamond sample emits fluorescence, the fluorescence is received by a signal detection module and then is output to a user side to obtain an optical detection magnetic resonance spectrum, a first derivative is obtained from the optical detection magnetic resonance spectrum curve to obtain a maximum value a in the first derivative, a value a and a corresponding microwave frequency value fw are recorded, and fw is determined as a working frequency; step 5, inputting a fourth operation instruction to enable the control field feeding module to emit fixed-frequency microwaves, wherein the microwave frequency is fw; step 6, inputting a fifth operation instruction to apply a calibration signal with known magnetic field amplitude and direction to the system; step 7, the signal detection module detects the fluorescent signal and outputs a detection result; step 8, calibrating the detection result according to the applied calibration signal; and 9, resolving to obtain a magnetic field measurement sensitivity result by using a power spectral density analysis method and outputting the magnetic field measurement sensitivity result.
An NV color center magnetic field measuring device and an optical modulation magnetic field measuring method are provided, the device comprises: the device comprises a shell 101, a modulation light source module 102, a lens 103, a control field feeding module 104, a diamond sample 106 and a signal detection module 108; all modules and devices are coaxially integrated within the housing 101; the modulation light source module 102 emits modulation light, and the modulation light is converged by the lens 103 and then irradiates the surface of the diamond sample 106 for polarizing the NV color center in the sample; the bias magnetic field generation module 104 generates a bias magnetic field for splitting the energy level of the NV color center; the steering field feed module 105 transmits microwaves for steering the NV colour center; the signal detection module 108 is used for detecting the fluorescence signal and outputting the result. The optical modulation method is suitable for measurement under the condition of low power consumption. The NV color center magnetic field measuring device based on the light modulation method has the advantages of being started and operated at room temperature, simple to operate, easy to integrate and the like.
An NV color center magnetic field measuring device and an optical modulation magnetic field measuring method comprise the following steps: the device comprises a shell 101, a modulation light source module 102, a lens 103, a bias magnetic field generation module 104, a control field feeding module 105, a diamond sample 106, a filter 107 and a signal detection module 108; the housing 101 is used for fixing all modules and devices in the system and enabling the modules and the devices to be coaxial; the modulated light source module 102 is configured to emit modulated light; the lens 103 is arranged between the modulated light source module 102 and the diamond sample 106 and is used for converging the modulated light by the light beam; the bias magnetic field generation module 104 is configured to generate a bias magnetic field; the steering field feeding module 105 is used for generating a microwave steering field; the diamond sample 106 is a diamond sample containing a certain concentration of NV color center ensemble; the filter 107 is disposed in front of the probe of the signal detection module and is used for filtering out impurity optical signals with a certain wavelength (smaller than 650nm in one embodiment); the signal detection module 108 is configured to detect a fluorescent signal and output a result.
The housing 101, which is shaped to include but not limited to a rectangular parallelepiped, is used to hold and make the internal components coaxial. The modulated light source module 102 includes a signal generator, a voltage-controlled current source and a green light source (an LED light source, in one embodiment, the wavelength range is 500nm-550nm), the signal generator is configured to output a modulation waveform to the voltage-controlled current source and also to output a reference signal to the signal detection module, the voltage-controlled current source receives a modulation signal output by the signal generator and outputs a corresponding driving current, the green light source is driven to emit modulated light, the modulated light is converged by the lens 103 and then irradiated on the surface of the diamond sample, and the modulated light source module is configured to polarize an NV color center. The bias magnetic field generating module 104, which is a helmholtz coil in one embodiment, is configured to generate a bias magnetic field with a certain magnitude (30G in one embodiment); the steering field feed module 105 includes a microwave source that outputs microwaves to an antenna attached to the sample surface, which transmits microwaves for steering the NV color center. The diamond sample 106, which contains a concentration (5 ppm in one example) of NV colour centre, is used as a core sensor. The signal detection module 108 includes, but is not limited to, a photodetector, a transimpedance amplifier, and a lock-in amplifier, where the photodetector is configured to detect a fluorescent signal emitted by the NV color center and output an electrical signal, and finally, the electrical signal is processed by the transimpedance amplifier and the lock-in amplifier and then output to a user side.
An optical modulation magnetic field measuring method, which adopts the measuring device, comprises the following steps: according to the first operation instruction of the user, the bias magnetic field generation module generates a bias magnetic field; according to a second operation instruction of the user, the modulation light source module emits modulation light with a modulation frequency of fmod, and the NV color center in the sample is polarized; according to a third operation instruction of the user, the control field feeding module transmits sweep frequency microwaves to control the NV color center, and the frequency range is delta fw; the fluorescence detection module detects a fluorescence signal (the fluorescence with the wavelength range of 600-800nm in one embodiment) emitted by the NV color center and outputs a result to finally obtain a light detection magnetic resonance spectrum, calculates a first derivative of the light detection magnetic resonance result, checks a maximum value a in the first derivative, records a value a and a corresponding microwave frequency value fw, and determines fw as a working frequency; according to the fourth operation instruction of the user, the control field feeding module emits fixed-frequency microwaves, wherein the microwave frequency is fw; according to the fifth operation instruction of the user, applying a calibration signal with known amplitude and direction to the system; the signal detection module detects a fluorescence signal and outputs a result; calibrating the detection result according to the applied calibration signal; performing power spectral density
And analyzing, resolving to obtain and output results such as magnetic field measurement sensitivity and the like. It should be understood that the waveform of the modulated light includes, but is not limited to, a pulsed wave. It should be understood that the frequency range of the swept microwaves is Δ fw, and the center frequency includes, but is not limited to, 2.87 GHz. It should be understood that the calibration signal includes, but is not limited to, a magnetic field.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. It is pointed out here that the above description is helpful for the person skilled in the art to understand the invention, but does not limit the scope of protection of the invention. Any such equivalents, modifications and/or omissions as may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention may be resorted to.
Claims (8)
1. An optical modulation magnetic field measurement method adopting an NV color center magnetic field measurement device is characterized in that the NV color center magnetic field measurement device comprises a modulation light source module, a lens, a control field feeding module, a diamond sample containing an NV color center, a filter and a signal detection module which are sequentially connected, wherein the control field feeding module and the diamond sample are arranged in a bias magnetic field generating module, the lens converges modulated light and irradiates the surface of the diamond sample to polarize the NV color center, the bias magnetic field generating module can split the energy level of the NV color center through a bias magnetic field thereof, the control field feeding module is used for emitting microwaves to control the electron spin state of the NV color center, and the signal detection module is used for detecting the intensity of a fluorescence signal emitted by the NV color center;
the NV color center magnetic field measuring device performs the following steps from the beginning of measurement to the end of measurement:
step 1, inputting a first operation instruction to enable a bias magnetic field generation module to generate a bias magnetic field with known amplitude and direction, wherein the bias magnetic field enables the energy level of an NV color center to be split;
step 2, inputting a second operation instruction to enable the modulation light source module to emit modulation light for polarizing the NV color center, wherein the modulation frequency of the modulation light is recorded as fmod;
step 3, inputting a third operation instruction to enable the control field feeding module to transmit sweep frequency microwaves, wherein the sweep frequency microwaves control the electron spin state of the NV color center, and the frequency range of the sweep frequency microwaves is marked as delta fw;
step 4, the diamond sample emits fluorescence, the fluorescence is received by a signal detection module and then is output to a user side to obtain a light detection magnetic resonance spectrum, a first derivative of a curve of the light detection magnetic resonance spectrum is obtained to obtain a maximum value a in the first derivative, a value a and a corresponding microwave frequency value fw are recorded, and fw is determined as a working frequency;
step 5, inputting a fourth operation instruction to enable the control field feeding module to emit fixed-frequency microwaves, wherein the microwave frequency is fw;
step 6, inputting a fifth operation instruction to apply a calibration signal with known magnetic field amplitude and direction to the system;
step 7, the signal detection module detects the fluorescent signal and outputs a detection result;
step 8, calibrating the detection result according to the applied calibration signal;
and 9, resolving to obtain a magnetic field measurement sensitivity result by using a power spectral density analysis method and outputting the magnetic field measurement sensitivity result.
2. A method for photomodulated magnetic field measurement using an NV colour-centered magnetic field measuring device according to claim 1, wherein said steering field feeding module comprises an antenna connected to a microwave source through a conducting wire, said antenna being attached to said diamond sample surface.
3. The optical modulation magnetic field measurement method using the NV color center magnetic field measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the bias magnetic field generation module includes a three-dimensional helmholtz coil and a current source, the three-dimensional helmholtz coil includes a first enameled wire wound metal frame, a second enameled wire wound metal frame, and a third enameled wire wound metal frame that are vertically arranged in a three-dimensional space, and the first enameled wire wound metal frame, the second enameled wire wound metal frame, and the third enameled wire wound metal frame are respectively connected to the current source.
4. The method for measuring the optically modulated magnetic field by using the NV color center magnetic field measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the signal detection module comprises a photodetector, a transimpedance amplifier and a lock-in amplifier, the photodetector is configured to detect a fluorescence signal emitted by the NV color center and output an electrical signal, and finally the electrical signal is processed by the transimpedance amplifier and the lock-in amplifier and then output to a user side.
5. A method for measuring a photomagnetic field according to claim 4 using an NV color center magnetic field measuring device, wherein the filter is located in front of the photodetector probe to filter out fluorescence signals smaller than 650 nm.
6. The method for measuring the optically modulated magnetic field by using the NV color center magnetic field measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the modulated light source module comprises a signal generator, a voltage-controlled current source and a green light source, the signal generator is configured to output not only a modulation waveform to the voltage-controlled current source but also a reference signal to the signal detection module, the voltage-controlled current source receives the modulation signal output by the signal generator and outputs a corresponding driving current to drive the green light source to emit modulated light, and the modulated light is converged by the lens and then irradiates the surface of the diamond sample to polarize the NV color center.
7. A method for measuring a magnetic modulation field using an NV color center magnetic field measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength of the modulated light is 500nm to 550nm, the wavelength of fluorescence emitted from the NV color center is 600nm to 800nm, and the NV color center is 0.1ppm to 10ppm in the diamond sample.
8. The method for measuring the optical modulation magnetic field by using the NV color center magnetic field measuring device according to claim 1, comprising a housing, wherein the modulation light source module, the lens, the control field feeding module, the diamond sample containing the NV color center, the filter, the signal detection module and the bias magnetic field generating module are all coaxially arranged in the housing.
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| CN112649768B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-12-21 | 北京航空航天大学 | Pulse type NV color center magnetic field measurement method combining locking and releasing processing |
| CN112903688B (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-12-23 | 中国科学院上海微***与信息技术研究所 | Diamond NV color center magnetic field sensor probe device and sensor |
| CN113050000B (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2022-04-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | Diamond NV color center magnetic vector measuring method based on fluorescence polarization effect |
| CN113281683A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-20 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Microwave antenna for diamond film magnetic imaging device and manufacturing method |
| CN113447863B (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2022-06-03 | 电子科技大学 | Diamond NV color center magnetometer frequency measurement method facing high-frequency alternating magnetic field |
| WO2022256990A1 (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2022-12-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | Implementation method and apparatus for diamond nv-14n coupling spin system-based atomic clock |
| CN114047555B (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2024-04-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所 | Magnetic force detecting head and magnetic force detecting system based on diamond NV color center |
| CN114415080B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-06-02 | 中国科学技术大学 | Diamond NV color center magnetometer and method for measuring magnetic field |
| CN114200362B (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-17 | 国仪量子(合肥)技术有限公司 | Chip magnetic field detection method and device based on NV color center |
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