CN116761867A - 粘合剂、层压体和包装材料 - Google Patents
粘合剂、层压体和包装材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116761867A CN116761867A CN202180091439.8A CN202180091439A CN116761867A CN 116761867 A CN116761867 A CN 116761867A CN 202180091439 A CN202180091439 A CN 202180091439A CN 116761867 A CN116761867 A CN 116761867A
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- Prior art keywords
- polyester polyol
- polyol
- acid
- mass
- adhesive
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
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- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNXDCMUUZNIWPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)=C1 JNXDCMUUZNIWPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LIPMRGQQBZJCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-propan-2-ylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C LIPMRGQQBZJCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SMYKBXMWXCZOLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris-decyl benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCC)C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCC)=C1 SMYKBXMWXCZOLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/75—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
- C08G18/751—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring
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Abstract
本申请提供了一种具有高初始内聚力且适合于无溶剂层压的无溶剂型粘合剂。该无溶剂型粘合剂是含有多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)的两部分粘合剂。多元醇组合物(B)含有熔点为50℃以上至70℃以下的结晶性聚酯多元醇(B1)和平均官能度为2.01以上至2.2以下的无定形聚酯多元醇(B2)。聚酯多元醇(B1)的量相对于聚酯多元醇(B1)和聚酯多元醇(B2)的总量为15质量%以上至85质量%以下,并且聚酯多元醇(B2)的量相对于该总量为15质量%以上至85质量%以下。本申请还提供了使用该两部分粘合剂得到的层压体和包装材料。
Description
[技术领域]
本发明涉及粘合剂、使用该粘合剂得到的层压体、用于制备该层压体的方法以及包装材料。
[背景技术]
用于各种包装材料、标签等的层压膜(也被称为层压体膜)通过将各种塑料膜、金属箔、纸张等层压来生产,以赋予其设计、功能、货架期、便利性和运输性。特别地,通过将层压膜成形为袋状而生产的包装用于食品、医药制品、洗涤剂等。
常规的层压膜主要通过干式层压法获得,所述干式层压法包括采用通过将多异氰酸酯化合物和多元醇化合物溶解于挥发性有机溶剂中制备的两部分可固化粘合剂涂覆膜,使所得膜通过烘箱以使有机溶剂挥发,然后将另一个膜层压到所得膜上。然而,近年来,从减轻环境负荷和改善工作环境的观点出发,含有多异氰酸酯化合物和多元醇化合物但不含挥发性有机溶剂的两部分可固化无溶剂型粘合剂受到了关注(专利文献1和专利文献2)。
[引用清单]
[专利文献]
[专利文献1]
日本未审查专利申请公开号2014-159548
[专利文献2]
日本未审查专利申请公开号2001-172602
[发明内容]
[技术问题]
与溶剂型粘合剂中的多异氰酸酯化合物和多元醇化合物不同,无溶剂型粘合剂中使用的多异氰酸酯化合物和多元醇化合物必需具有足够低的粘度以使得能够在不需要用有机溶剂稀释的情况下涂布粘合剂。因此,这些多异氰酸酯和多元醇化合物必然具有低分子量。当多异氰酸酯和多元醇化合物的分子量低时,粘合剂的初始内聚力低,并且可能发生诸如从层压膜边缘开始的隧道状脱层(隧穿(tunneling))和卷起的层压膜的粘结表面移位(卷绕偏差(Winding Deviation))之类的问题。考虑了将多异氰酸酯和多元醇化合物的分子量提高到一定程度并且使它们在高温进行涂布。然而,在该情况下,对膜的损坏大。
鉴于以上情况完成了本发明,并且一个目的是提供一种具有高初始内聚力并且适合于无溶剂层压的无溶剂型粘合剂。
[问题的解决方案]
本发明涉及一种两部分粘合剂,所述两部分粘合剂含有多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B),其中所述多元醇组合物(B)含有熔点为50℃至70℃(包括端点值)的结晶性聚酯多元醇(B1)和平均官能度为2.01至2.2(包括端点值)的无定形聚酯多元醇(B2),其中相对于所述聚酯多元醇(B1)和所述聚酯多元醇(B2)的总量,所述聚酯多元醇(B1)的量为15质量%至85质量%(包括端点值),并且其中所述聚酯多元醇(B2)的量相对于所述总量为15质量%至85质量%(包括端点值)。本发明还涉及一种使用所述两部分粘合剂得到的层压体和一种使用所述两部分粘合剂得到的包装材料。
[发明的有益效果]
本发明可以提供具有高初始内聚力的粘合剂,其中防止了隧穿和伸缩(telescoping),并且所述粘合剂适合于无溶剂层压。
[具体实施方式]
[粘合剂]
本发明的粘合剂是含有多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)的两部分粘合剂。将详细地描述本发明的粘合剂。
[多异氰酸酯组合物(A)]
本发明的粘合剂中使用的多异氰酸酯组合物(A)含有多异氰酸酯化合物(A1)。对多异氰酸酯化合物(A1)没有特别限制,并且可以使用任何众所周知的多异氰酸酯化合物。多异氰酸酯化合物(A1)的实例包括:芳族多异氰酸酯;芳脂族多异氰酸酯;脂族多异氰酸酯;脂环族多异氰酸酯;这些多异氰酸酯的缩二脲、尿酸酯(nurate)、加合物和脲基甲酸酯;碳二亚胺改性的异氰酸酯;以及通过使多异氰酸酯与多元醇反应得到的氨基甲酸酯预聚物。它们中的任一种均可以单独使用,或者以两种以上的组合使用。
芳族多异氰酸酯的实例包括但不限于:2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、1,3-苯二异氰酸酯、4,4'-联苯二异氰酸酯、1,4-苯二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯、4,4'-甲苯胺二异氰酸酯、2,4,6-三异氰酸酯基甲苯、1,3,5-三异氰酸酯基苯、联茴香胺二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二苯醚二异氰酸酯和4,4',4"-三苯基甲烷三异氰酸酯。
芳脂族多异氰酸酯意指在其分子中具有至少一个芳族环的脂族异氰酸酯,并且其实例包括但不限于:间二甲苯二异氰酸酯和对二甲苯二异氰酸酯,以及α,α,α',α'-四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯。
脂族多异氰酸酯的实例包括但不限于:三亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,2-亚丙基二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,3-亚丁基二异氰酸酯、2,3-亚丁基二异氰酸酯、五亚甲基二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
脂环族多异氰酸酯的实例包括但不限于:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,3-环戊烷二异氰酸酯、1,3-环己烷二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基-2,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基-2,6-环己烷二异氰酸酯、4,4'-亚甲基双(环己基异氰酸酯)和1,4-双(异氰酸酯基甲基)环己烷。
用于合成氨基甲酸酯预聚物的多元醇的实例包括:亚烷基二醇,比如乙二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、甲基戊二醇、二甲基丁二醇、丁基乙基丙二醇、1,4-环己二醇和1,4-环己烷二甲醇;
双酚,比如双酚A、双酚F、氢化双酚A和氢化双酚F;
二聚体二醇;
双羟基乙氧基苯;
聚亚烷基二醇,比如二甘醇、三甘醇、其他聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇和聚丁二醇;
含氨基甲酸酯键的聚醚多元醇,其通过利用芳族或脂族多异氰酸酯进一步提高聚亚烷基二醇的分子量得到;
聚酯多元醇,其通过使亚烷基二醇或聚亚烷基二醇与至少一种具有2至13个碳原子的脂族二羧酸(比如草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、富马酸、马来酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十一烷二酸、十二烷二酸和十三烷二酸)和芳族多元羧酸(比如邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三甲酸和均苯四酸)反应得到;以及
聚酯多元醇,其是通过环酯化合物(比如丙内酯、丁内酯、ε-己内酯、σ-戊内酯和β-甲基-σ-戊内酯)与多元醇(比如二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇)的开环聚合得到的聚酯反应产物。
[多元醇组合物(B)]
本发明的粘合剂中使用的多元醇组合物(B)含有熔点为50℃至70℃(包括端点值)的结晶性聚酯多元醇(B1)和平均官能度为2.01至2.2(包括端点值)的无定形聚酯多元醇(B2)。
[聚酯多元醇(B1)]
聚酯多元醇(B1)是结晶性的,并且熔点为50℃至70℃(包括端点值)。在本说明书中,语句“聚酯多元醇(B1)是结晶性的”意指聚酯多元醇(B1)具有熔点并且其熔化热为0.1J/g以上。如果熔点低于50℃,则难以获得足够的初始内聚力。如果熔点超过70℃,则涂布性可能变差。
按如下测量聚酯多元醇(B1)的熔点和熔化热。
使用差示扫描量热仪(DSC-7000,由SII Nano Technology Inc.制造。该量热仪在下文中被称为DSC)。将5mg的样品在20mL/min的氮气流中以10℃/min从30℃加热到T1℃,在T1℃保持10分钟,然后以10℃/min冷却至T2℃以除去热历史。将样品在T2℃保持5分钟,并再次以10℃/min加热到T3℃以测量DSC曲线。在第二加热步骤中观察到的吸热曲线中的最大峰值温度用作熔点,并且由被最大峰和基线包围的面积来计算熔化热。
T2低于T3,并且T3等于或低于T1。T2足够地低于结晶性聚酯多元醇(B1)的玻璃化转变温度,并且T1和T3比结晶性聚酯多元醇(B1)的熔点高至少30℃。例如,T1为200℃,T2为-80℃,并且T3为200℃。然而,T1、T2和T3根据测量样品适当地调节。
聚酯多元醇(B1)是含有多元羧酸和多元醇的单体组合物的反应产物。用于合成聚酯多元醇(B1)的多元羧酸的实例包括:脂族多元酸,比如草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、琥珀酸酐、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、富马酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、衣康酸和二聚酸;
脂族多元酸的烷基酯,比如丙二酸二甲酯、丙二酸二乙酯、琥珀酸二甲酯、戊二酸二甲酯、己二酸二甲酯、庚二酸二乙酯、癸二酸二乙酯、富马酸二甲酯、富马酸二乙酯、马来酸二甲酯和马来酸二乙酯;
脂环族多元酸,比如1,1-环戊烷二甲酸、1,2-环戊烷二甲酸、1,3-环戊烷二甲酸、1,2-环己烷二甲酸、1,3-环己烷二甲酸、1,4-环己烷二甲酸、四氢化邻苯二甲酸酐、4-甲基六氢化邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢化邻苯二甲酸酐、环己烷-1,2,4-三甲酸-1,2-酐、双环庚烯二甲酸酐(himic anhydride)和HET酸酐;
芳族多元酸,比如邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸酐、1,4-萘二甲酸、2,5-萘二甲酸、2,6-萘二甲酸、2,3-萘二甲酸酐、萘二甲酸、偏苯三甲酸、偏苯三甲酸酐、均苯四酸、均苯四酸酐、联苯二甲酸、1,2-双(苯氧基)乙烷-p,p'-二甲酸、二苯甲酮四甲酸、二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐、5-磺基甲苯二甲酸钠、四氯邻苯二甲酸酐和四溴邻苯二甲酸酐;以及
芳族多元酸的甲酯,比如对苯二甲酸二甲酯和2,6-萘二甲酸二甲酯。它们中的任一种可以单独使用,或者以两种以上的组合使用。
优选地,使用选自由己二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、邻苯二甲酸和邻苯二甲酸酐组成的组中的至少一种多元酸,因为可以提高聚酯多元醇(B1)的结晶度并且可以进一步改善其初始内聚力。
多元醇可以是二醇或三元以上的多元醇。二醇的实例包括:脂族二醇,比如乙二醇、二甘醇、丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2,2-三甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2,2-二甲基-3-异丙基-1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,3-丁二醇、3-甲基-1,3-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、新戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,4-双(羟甲基)环己烷、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇和二聚体二醇;
醚二醇,比如聚氧化亚乙基二醇和聚氧化亚丙基二醇;
改性聚醚二醇,其通过脂族二醇和各种含环醚键的化合物(比如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、四氢呋喃、乙基缩水甘油基醚、丙基缩水甘油基醚、丁基缩水甘油基醚、苯基缩水甘油基醚和烯丙基缩水甘油基醚)的开环聚合得到;
内酯系聚酯多元醇,其通过脂族二醇和各种内酯(比如丙交酯和ε-己内酯)的缩聚反应得到;
双酚,比如双酚A和双酚F;以及
双酚的环氧烷加合物,其通过将环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷等加入到双酚(比如双酚A和双酚F)中得到。
三元以上的多元醇的实例包括:脂族多元醇,比如三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、己烷三醇和季戊四醇;
改性聚醚多元醇,其通过脂族多元醇和各种含环醚键的化合物(比如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、四氢呋喃、乙基缩水甘油基醚、丙基缩水甘油基醚、丁基缩水甘油基醚、苯基缩水甘油基醚和烯丙基缩水甘油基醚)的开环聚合得到;以及
内酯系聚酯多元醇,其通过脂族多元醇与各种内酯(比如ε-己内酯)的缩聚反应得到。
优选地,使用选自由乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、新戊二醇、己二醇、辛二醇和癸二醇组成的组中的至少一种化合物,因为可以提高聚酯多元醇(B1)的结晶度并且可以进一步改善其初始内聚力。
对聚酯多元醇(B1)的数均分子量没有特别限制。例如,数均分子量优选为500至3,000(包括端点值)。本发明中的数均分子量(Mn)是通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)在以下条件下测得的值。
测量装置:HLC-8320GPC,由TOSOH Corporation制造
柱:TSKgel 4000HXL、TSKgel 3000HXL、TSKgel 2000HXL和TSKgel1000HXL,由TOSOH Corporation制造
检测器:RI(差示折射计)
数据处理:Multi station GPC-8020model II,由TOSOH Corporation制造
测量条件
柱温:40℃
溶剂:四氢呋喃
流量:0.35mL/分钟
标准物:单分散聚苯乙烯
样品:通过使用微过滤器对树脂固体含量为0.2质量%的四氢呋喃溶液过滤而得到(100μL)
[聚酯多元醇(B2)]
聚酯多元醇(B2)是平均官能度为2.01至2.2(包括端点值)的无定形聚酯多元醇。聚酯多元醇(B2)的平均官能度是通过对用于合成聚酯多元醇(B2)的单体中的官能团数量进行重量平均获得的值。如果平均官能度小于2.01,则热密封强度低。如果平均官能度超过2.2,则可能发生胶凝,并且生产难度高。
聚酯多元醇(B2)是含有多元羧酸和多元醇的单体组合物的反应产物,并且单体组合物还含有能够与多元羧酸和多元醇中的至少一种反应的三官能以上的化合物。三官能以上的化合物的实例包括:多元羧酸,比如偏苯三甲酸、偏苯三甲酸酐、均苯四酸、均苯四酸酐和三聚酸;多元醇,比如甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、聚甘油和山梨糖醇;以及三元以上的醇和一元羧酸的酯,比如甘油脂肪酸酯。它们中的任一种可以单独使用,或者以两种以上的组合使用。
所使用的三官能以上的化合物优选为具有大量官能团的化合物(例如,具有5个以上官能团的化合物),比如二季戊四醇、聚甘油或山梨糖醇,因为改善了热密封强度。
用于合成聚酯多元醇(B2)的多元羧酸和多元醇与用于聚酯多元醇(B1)的那些相同。对聚酯多元醇(B2)的数均分子量没有特别限制,并且数均分子量例如为500至5000(包括端点值)。
在本发明的粘合剂中,聚酯多元醇(B1)的量相对于聚酯多元醇(B1)和聚酯多元醇(B2)的总量为15质量%至85质量%,并且聚酯多元醇(B2)的量相对于该总量为15质量%至85质量%。在该情况下,粘合剂具有良好的在初始内聚力和热密封强度之间的平衡。聚酯多元醇(B1)的量相对于总量优选为45质量%至85质量%(包括端点值),并且聚酯多元醇(B2)的量相对于总量优选为15质量%至55质量%(包括端点值),因为可以进一步提高初始内聚力。
[另外的多元醇(B3)]
多元醇组合物(B)还可以含有除聚酯多元醇(B1)和聚酯多元醇(B2)以外的多元醇(B3)。多元醇(B3)的实例包括:二醇,比如乙二醇、丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、3-甲基-1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、甲基戊二醇、二甲基丁二醇、丁基乙基丙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、四甘醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、双羟基乙氧基苯、1,4-环己二醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇和三甘醇;
三官能和四官能的脂族醇,比如甘油、三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇;
双酚,比如双酚A、双酚F、氢化双酚A和氢化双酚F;
二聚体二醇;
聚醚多元醇,其通过环氧烷(比如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、氧化苯乙烯、表氯醇、四氢呋喃和环己烯在聚合引发剂(比如上述二醇和上述三官能和四官能的醇中的任一种)的存在下的加成聚合得到;
聚醚氨基甲酸酯多元醇,其通过使用上述芳族和脂族多异氰酸酯来提高聚醚多元醇的分子量得到;
蓖麻油系多元醇,比如蓖麻油、脱水蓖麻油、氢化蓖麻油(其是蓖麻油的氢化产物)和蓖麻油的5至50摩尔环氧烷加合物;
各种植物油;以及
它们的混合物。
对所加入的多元醇(B3)的量没有特别限制。例如,多元醇(B3)的量相对于聚酯多元醇(B1)、聚酯多元醇(B2)和多元醇(B3)的总量为40质量%以下。
优选地,混合并且使用多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B),使得多异氰酸酯组合物中含有的异氰酸酯基团的摩尔数[NCO]与多元醇组合物中含有的羟基的摩尔数[OH]的比率[NCO]/[OH]在1.0至3.0的范围内。
[粘合剂中的另外的组分]
本发明的粘合剂还可以含有除多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)以外的另外的组分。具体地,粘合剂可以含有催化剂、含酸基的化合物、助粘剂、颜料、增塑剂、流平剂、无机粒子比如胶体二氧化硅和氧化铝溶胶、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系的细有机粒子、消泡剂、抗流挂剂、润湿分散剂、粘度调节剂、紫外线吸收剂、金属去活剂、过氧化物分解剂、阻燃剂、增强剂、增塑剂、润滑剂、防腐蚀剂、荧光增白剂、无机热射线吸收剂、防燃剂、抗静电剂、脱水剂、众所周知的常用热塑性弹性体、增粘剂、磷酸化合物、三聚氰胺树脂、反应性弹性体等。这些可以被包含在多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)中的一种中,或者被包含在它们两者中。备选地,添加剂可以单独地制备,并且在与多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)混合后就立即将粘合剂进行涂布。接下来将描述这些组分。
[催化剂]
在本发明的粘合剂中可以任选地使用催化剂以促进固化反应。对催化剂没有特别限制,只要其促进多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)的氨基甲酸酯化(urethanation)反应即可。催化剂的实例包括金属系催化剂、胺系催化剂、脂族环状酰胺化合物和钛螯合物配合物。
金属系催化剂的实例包括:金属配合物系催化剂、无机金属系催化剂和有机金属系催化剂。金属配合物系催化剂的实例包括:选自由以下各项组成的组中的金属的乙酰丙酮盐:Fe(铁)、Mn(锰)、Cu(铜)、Zr(锆)、Th(钍)、Ti(钛)、Al(铝)和Co(钴),比如乙酰丙酮铁、乙酰丙酮锰、乙酰丙酮铜和乙酰丙酮锆。考虑到毒性和催化活性,乙酰丙酮铁(III)(Fe(acac)3)或乙酰丙酮锰(II)(Mn(acac)2)是优选的。
无机金属系催化剂选自Sn、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zr、Th、Ti、Al、Co等。
有机金属系催化剂的实例包括:有机锌化合物,比如辛酸锌、新癸酸锌和环烷酸锌;有机锡化合物,比如二乙酸亚锡、二辛酸亚锡、二油酸亚锡、二月桂酸亚锡、二乙酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、二月桂酸二辛基锡、***和二氯化二丁基锡;有机镍化合物,比如辛酸镍和环烷酸镍;有机钴化合物,比如辛酸钴和环烷酸钴;有机铋化合物,比如辛酸铋、新癸酸铋和环烷酸铋;以及钛系化合物,比如四异丙基氧基钛酸酯(tetraisopropyloxytitanate)、二氯化二丁基钛、钛酸四丁酯和三氯化丁氧基钛。
胺系催化剂的实例包括:三亚乙基二胺、2-甲基三亚乙基二胺、奎宁环、2-甲基奎宁环、N,N,N',N'-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基丙二胺、N,N,N',N",N"-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N,N',N",N"-五甲基-(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺、N,N,N',N",N"-五甲基二亚丙基三胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基六亚甲基二胺、双(2-二甲基氨基乙基)醚、二甲基乙醇胺、二甲基异丙醇胺、二甲基氨基乙氧基乙醇、N,N-二甲基-N'-(2-羟基乙基)乙二胺、N,N-二甲基-N'-(2-羟基乙基)丙二胺、双(二甲基氨基丙基)胺、双(二甲基氨基丙基)异丙醇胺、3-奎宁环醇、N,N,N',N'-四甲基胍、1,3,5-三(N,N-二甲基氨基丙基)六氢-S-三嗪、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一烯-7、N-甲基-N'-(2-二甲基氨基乙基)哌嗪、N,N'-二甲基哌嗪、二甲基环己胺、N-甲基吗啉、N-乙基吗啉、1-甲基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-异丁基-2-甲基咪唑、1-二甲基氨基丙基咪唑、N,N-二甲基己醇胺、N-甲基-N'-(2-羟基乙基)哌嗪、1-(2-羟基乙基)咪唑、1-(2-羟基丙基)咪唑、1-(2-羟基乙基)-2-甲基咪唑和1-(2-羟基丙基)-2-甲基咪唑。
脂族环状酰胺化合物的实例包括:δ-戊内酰胺、ε-己内酰胺、ω-庚内酰胺、η-辛内酰胺和β-丙内酰胺。其中,ε-己内酰胺因为促进固化而更有效。
钛螯合物化合物是一种在紫外线照射下催化活性提高的化合物,并且优选为具有脂族或芳族二酮配体的钛螯合物配合物,因为其出色的固化促进效果。在本发明中,优选的是除了脂族或芳族二酮配体以外,钛螯合物配合物还具有含有2至10个碳原子的醇配体,因为本发明的效果变得显著。
这些催化剂中的任一种可以单独使用,或者以两种以上的组合使用。基于多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)中的100质量份的总固体,所加入的催化剂的量优选为0.001至3质量份,并且更优选0.01至2质量份。
[含酸基的化合物]
含酸基的化合物的实例包括:环状脂族酸酐、芳族酸酐和不饱和羧酸酐,并且它们中的任一种可以单独使用,或者以两种以上的组合使用。更具体的实例包括:邻苯二甲酸酐、偏苯三甲酸酐、均苯四酸酐、二苯甲酮四甲酸酐、十二烯基琥珀酸酐、聚己二酸酐、聚壬二酸酐、聚癸二酸酐、聚(乙基十八烷二酸)酐、聚(苯基十六烷二酸)酐、四氢化邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基四氢化邻苯二甲酸酐,甲基六氢化邻苯二甲酸酐、六氢化邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基双环庚烯二甲酸酐、三烷基四氢化邻苯二甲酸酐、甲基环己烯二甲酸酐、甲基环己烯四甲酸酐、乙二醇双偏苯三甲酸酯二酐、HET酸酐、桥亚甲基四氢化邻苯二甲酸酐(nadic anhydride)、甲基桥亚甲基四氢化邻苯二甲酸酐(methylnadic anhydride)、5-(2,5-二氧代四氢-3-呋喃基)-3-甲基-3-环己烷-1,2-二甲酸酐、3,4-二羧基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-萘琥珀酸酐和1-甲基-二羧基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-萘琥珀酸二酐。
可以使用通过用二醇将上述酸酐中的任一种改性而得到的化合物。可以用于改性的二醇的实例包括:亚烷基二醇,比如乙二醇、丙二醇和新戊二醇;以及聚醚二醇,比如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇和聚四亚甲基醚二醇。也可以使用由上述二醇和/或聚醚二醇得到的共聚聚醚二醇。
所使用的含酸基的化合物可以是具有不饱和双键的羧酸和芳族乙烯基化合物的共聚物。具有不饱和双键的羧酸例如是马来酸酐。芳族乙烯基化合物的实例包括苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯和二乙烯基苯。
所加入的含酸基的化合物的量可以根据目标用途适当调整,并且例如基于多元醇组合物(B)中的固体的质量为0.1质量%至10质量%(包括端点值)。
[助粘剂]
助粘剂的实例包括:偶联剂,比如硅烷偶联剂、钛酸盐/酯系偶联剂和铝系偶联剂;以及环氧树脂。
硅烷偶联剂的实例包括:氨基硅烷,比如γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β(氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、N-β(氨基乙基)-γ-氨基丙基三甲基二甲氧基硅烷和N-苯基-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷;环氧硅烷,比如β-(3,4-环氧基环己基)乙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和γ-缩水甘油氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷;乙烯基硅烷,比如乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷;六甲基二硅氮烷;以及γ-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
钛酸盐/酯系偶联剂的实例包括:四异丙氧基钛、四正丁氧基钛、钛酸丁酯二聚体、钛酸四硬脂醇酯、乙酰丙酮钛、乳酸钛、钛酸四辛二醇酯、乳酸钛和四硬脂氧基钛。
铝系偶联剂的实例包括乙酰烷氧基二异丙醇铝(acetoalcoxyaluminumdiisopropylate)。
环氧树脂的实例包括:各种商业环氧树脂,比如表二型环氧树脂(Epi-Bis-typeepoxy)、酚醛清漆型、β-甲基表氯型、环状环氧乙烷型、缩水甘油醚型、缩水甘油酯型、聚二醇醚型、二醇醚型、环氧化脂肪酸酯型、聚羧酸酯型、氨基缩水甘油基型和间苯二酚型环氧树脂;以及诸如以下各项的化合物:三缩水甘油基三(2-羟基乙基)异氰尿酸酯、新戊二醇二缩水甘油基醚、1,6-己二醇二缩水甘油基醚、丙烯酸缩水甘油基醚、2-乙基己基缩水甘油基醚、苯基缩水甘油基醚、苯酚缩水甘油基醚、对叔丁基苯基缩水甘油基醚、己二酸二缩水甘油基酯、邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油基酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油基酯和丁基缩水甘油基醚。
[颜料]
对颜料没有特别限制,并且其实例包括:有机和无机颜料,比如体质颜料(extender)、白色颜料、黑色颜料、灰色颜料、红色颜料、棕色颜料、绿色颜料、蓝色颜料、金属粉末颜料、发光颜料和珠光颜料,以及塑料颜料,这些在涂料原料手册(Coating RawMaterial Handbook),1970(由日本涂料制造商协会(Japan Paint ManufacturersAssociation)编著)中有对它们的描述。
体质颜料的实例包括:沉淀硫酸钡、白垩(gohun)、沉淀碳酸钙、碳酸氢钙、白色石灰石、矾土白、二氧化硅、含水细二氧化硅粒子(白炭墨)、无水超细二氧化硅粒子(AEROSIL)、硅砂、滑石、沉淀碳酸镁、膨润土、粘土、高岭土和赭石。
有机颜料的具体实例包括:不溶性偶氮颜料,比如联苯胺黄(Benzidine Yellow)、汉萨黄(Hansa Yellow)和色淀红4R(Lake Red 4R);可溶性偶氮颜料,比如色淀红C(LakeRed C)、胭脂红6B(Carmine 6B)和波尔多10(Bordeaux 10);(铜)酞菁系颜料,比如酞菁蓝(Phthalocyanine Blue)和酞菁绿(Phthalocyanine Green);碱性染料色淀,比如罗丹明色淀(Rhodamine Lake)和甲基紫色淀(Methyl Violet Lake);媒染染料系颜料,比如喹啉色淀(Quinoline Lake)和坚牢天蓝(Fast Sky Blue);还原染料系颜料,比如蒽醌系颜料、硫靛系颜料和芘酮(perinone)系颜料;喹吖啶酮系颜料,比如Cinquasia红B;二噁嗪系颜料,比如二噁嗪紫(Dioxazine Violet);缩合偶氮颜料,比如Cromophtal;以及苯胺黑。
无机颜料的实例包括:铬酸盐,比如铬黄(Chrome Yellow)、铬酸锌和钼铬橙(Molybdate Orange);氰亚铁酸盐化合物,比如铁蓝(Iron Blue);金属氧化物,比如氧化钛、锌白、Mapico黄(Mapico Yellow)、氧化铁、氧化铁红、氧化铬绿和氧化锆;硫化物和硒化物,比如镉黄、镉红和硫化汞;硫酸盐,比如硫酸钡和硫酸铅;硅酸盐,比如硅酸钙和群青蓝(Ultramarine Blue);碳酸盐,比如碳酸钙和碳酸镁;磷酸盐,比如钴紫和锰紫;金属粉末颜料,比如铝粉、金粉、银粉、铜粉、青铜粉和黄铜粉;片状颜料;这些金属的片状颜料和云母片状颜料;金属颜料和珠光颜料,比如用于金属氧化物涂覆的云母片状颜料和云母状氧化钛颜料;以及石墨和炭黑。
塑料颜料的实例包括由DIC株式会社生产的“GRANDOLL PP-1000”和“PP-2000S”。
所使用的颜料可以根据目标用途适当地选择。优选地使用无机颜料比如氧化钛或锌白作为白色颜料,并且优选地使用炭黑作为黑色颜料,因为它们有出色的耐久性、耐候性和可设计性。
基于多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)中的100质量份的总固体,所加入的颜料的量例如为1至400质量份。该加入量更优选为10至300质量份,因为获得了更好的粘结性和抗粘连性。
[增塑剂]
增塑剂的实例包括:邻苯二甲酸系增塑剂、脂肪酸系增塑剂、芳族多元羧酸系增塑剂、磷酸系增塑剂、多元醇系增塑剂、环氧系增塑剂、聚酯系增塑剂和碳酸酯系增塑剂。
邻苯二甲酸系增塑剂的实例包括:邻苯二甲酸酯系增塑剂,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二己酯、邻苯二甲酸二庚酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二壬酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、邻苯二甲酸二癸酯、邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯、邻苯二甲酸双十三烷醇酯、邻苯二甲酸双十一烷醇酯、邻苯二甲酸二月桂酯、邻苯二甲酸二硬脂醇酯、邻苯二甲酸二苯酯、邻苯二甲酸二苄酯、邻苯二甲酸丁酯苄酯、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯、邻苯二甲酸辛酯癸酯、间苯二甲酸二甲酯、间苯二甲酸二-(2-乙基己基)酯和间苯二甲酸二异辛酯;以及四氢化邻苯二甲酸酯系增塑剂,比如四氢化邻苯二甲酸二-(2-乙基己基)酯、四氢化邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯和四氢化邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯。
脂肪酸系增塑剂的实例包括:己二酸系增塑剂,比如己二酸二正丁酯、己二酸二-(2-乙基己基)酯、己二酸二异癸酯、己二酸二异壬酯、己二酸二(C6-C10烷基)酯和己二酸二丁二醇酯;壬二酸系增塑剂,比如壬二酸二正己酯、壬二酸二-(2-乙基己基)酯和壬二酸二异辛酯;癸二酸系增塑剂,比如癸二酸二正丁酯、癸二酸二-(2-乙基己基)酯和癸二酸二异壬酯;马来酸系增塑剂,比如马来酸二甲酯、马来酸二乙酯、马来酸二正丁酯和马来酸二-(2-乙基己基)酯;富马酸系增塑剂,比如富马酸二正丁酯和富马酸二-(2-乙基己基)酯;衣康酸系增塑剂,比如衣康酸单甲酯、衣康酸单丁酯、衣康酸二甲酯、衣康酸二乙酯、衣康酸二丁酯和衣康酸二-(2-乙基己基)酯;硬脂酸系增塑剂,比如硬脂酸正丁酯、甘油单硬脂酸酯和二甘醇二硬脂酸酯;油酸系增塑剂,比如油酸丁酯、甘油单油酸酯和二甘醇单油酸酯;柠檬酸系增塑剂,比如柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三正丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯和乙酰柠檬酸三(2-乙基己基)酯;蓖麻油酸系增塑剂,比如乙酰蓖麻油酸甲酯、乙酰蓖麻油酸丁酯、甘油单蓖麻油酸酯和二甘醇单蓖麻油酸酯;以及其他脂肪酸系增塑剂,比如二甘醇单月桂酸酯、二甘醇二壬酸酯和季戊四醇脂肪酸酯。
芳族多元羧酸系增塑剂的实例包括:偏苯三甲酸系增塑剂,比如偏苯三甲酸三正己酯、偏苯三甲酸三-(2-乙基己基)酯、偏苯三甲酸三正辛酯、偏苯三甲酸三异辛酯、偏苯三甲酸三异壬酯、偏苯三甲酸三癸酯和偏苯三甲酸三异癸酯;以及均苯四酸系增塑剂,比如均苯四酸四(2-乙基己基)酯和均苯四酸四正辛酯。
磷酸系增塑剂的实例包括:磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三丁酯、磷酸三-(2-乙基己基)酯、磷酸三丁氧基乙酯、磷酸三苯酯、磷酸辛酯二苯酯、磷酸甲苯酯二苯酯、磷酸甲苯酯苯酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸三(二甲苯)酯、磷酸三(氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(氯丙基)酯、磷酸三(二氯丙基)酯和磷酸三(异丙基苯基)酯。
多元醇系增塑剂的实例包括:二醇系增塑剂,比如二甘醇二苯甲酸酯、二丙二醇二苯甲酸酯、三甘醇二苯甲酸酯、三甘醇二(2-乙基丁酸酯)、三甘醇二(2-乙基己酸酯)和亚甲基双巯基乙酸二丁酯;以及甘油系增塑剂,比如甘油单乙酸酯、甘油三乙酸酯和甘油三丁酸酯。
环氧系增塑剂的实例包括:环氧化的大豆油、硬脂酸环氧丁酯、环氧六氢化邻苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己基酯、环氧六氢化邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯、环氧甘油三酯、环氧化油酸辛酯和环氧化油酸癸酯。
聚酯系增塑剂的实例包括:己二酸系聚酯、癸二酸系聚酯和邻苯二甲酸系聚酯。
碳酸酯系增塑剂的实例包括碳酸亚丙酯和碳酸亚乙酯。
增塑剂的其他实例包括部分氢化的三联苯、粘合增塑剂和可聚合增塑剂,比如邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯和丙烯酸单体和低聚物。这些增塑剂中的任一种均可以单独使用,或者以两种以上的组合使用。
[粘合剂的形式]
本发明的粘合剂以无溶剂型粘合剂的形式使用。在本说明书中,“无溶剂型”粘合剂为以下形式。多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)基本上不含溶解上述组合物的能力高的有机溶剂。这样的溶剂的实例包括:酯,比如乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和乙酸溶纤剂;酮,比如丙酮、甲乙酮、异丁基酮和环己酮;醚,比如四氢呋喃和二噁烷;芳族烃,比如甲苯和二甲苯;卤化烃,比如二氯甲烷和二氯乙烷;二甲亚砜;以及二甲基磺酰胺。特别地,多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)基本上不含乙酸乙酯和甲乙酮。粘合剂用于所谓的无溶剂层压法,该无溶剂层压法包括:将粘合剂涂布至基底,并且将所得基底层压到另一个基底上,而没有在例如烘箱中加热基底以使溶剂挥发的步骤。作为用于制备多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)及其原料的反应介质使用的有机溶剂可以被被不完全除去。即使在多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)中仍存在少量这样的有机溶剂时,多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)也被视为基本上不含有机溶剂。当多元醇组合物(B)含有低分子量醇时,低分子量醇与多元醇组合物(B)反应并且形成涂层的一部分,因此在涂布后不需要使低分子量醇挥发。这样的粘合剂也被视为无溶剂型粘合剂,并且低分子量醇不被视为有机溶剂。
与溶剂型粘合剂不同,无溶剂型粘合剂必须具有足够低的粘度以使得能够在不采用有机溶剂稀释的情况下涂布粘合剂。优选的是粘度在低温是低的,因为获得了良好的低温加工性。然而,例如,多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B)的混合物在刚混合后在70℃的实际粘度范围小于1100mPa-s(在本说明书中,粘度是使用具有锥体和板(1°×直径50mm)的旋转粘度计在100sec-1的剪切速率和70℃±1℃下测量的值)。本发明的粘合剂具有在该实际范围内的粘度,并且初始内聚力也出色。
如之后所述的,当将无溶剂型粘合剂涂布至膜时,将粘合剂加热到约40℃至约100℃。然后,将所得膜层压到另一个膜上,并且在卷绕期间降低层压体的温度。在该情况下,聚酯多元醇(B1)部分结晶,并且粘合剂涂层的内聚力增大。因此,在粘合剂的粘度适用于无溶剂层压的同时,粘合剂的初始内聚力出色。
如果仅使用聚酯多元醇(B1)作为多元醇组合物(B),则热密封性变差。然而,聚酯多元醇(B1)和聚酯多元醇(B2)以特定比率的组合用于解决上述问题。这可能是因为以下原因。如果仅使用聚酯多元醇(B1),则粘合剂对膜的粘附力低,因为聚酯多元醇(B1)和多异氰酸酯化合物(A1)之间的相容性低,并且热密封强度下降。然而,当无定形聚酯多元醇(B2)与聚酯多元醇(B1)组合使用时,多异氰酸酯化合物(A1)、聚酯多元醇(B1)和聚酯多元醇(B2)之间的相容性以及对膜的粘附力得到改善,并且粘合剂的固化涂层的交联密度增大。
[层压体]
本发明的层压体通过以下方式得到:利用本发明的两部分可固化粘合剂将第一基底和第二基底层压到一起,然后使粘合剂固化。所使用的基底优选为常用于层压体的塑料膜。第一基底的实例包括:聚对二苯甲酸乙二醇酯(在下文中缩写为PET)膜、尼龙(在下文中缩写为Ny)膜、双轴拉伸聚丙烯(在下文中缩写为OPP)膜、通过在上述膜上气相沉积金属(比如铝)和无机氧化物(比如二氧化硅和氧化铝)的沉积层而得到的气相沉积膜以及铝箔。第二基底的实例包括:密封膜,比如流延聚丙烯膜(在下文中缩写为CPP)和线型低密度聚乙烯(在下文中缩写为LLDPE)膜;以及通过在密封膜上设置金属气相沉积层(比如铝层)而得到的气相沉积密封膜。所使用的基底可以是纸张。纸张的实例包括天然纸张和合成纸张。可以任选地在基底层和纸层中每个的外侧或内侧设置印刷层。印刷层可以通过以下方式形成:使用众所周知的印刷方法(比如凹版印刷、柔性版印刷、胶印或喷墨印刷)涂布印刷墨(比如溶剂型墨、水溶型墨或活性能量射线可固化墨)。
如上所述得到的层压体可以在工业上用作用于包装洗涤剂和药物的包装材料,比如软包装膜和软包装材料(其形状根据其中包装的产品而改变的包装)。层压体的应用的具体实例包括洗涤剂和药物,比如液体衣物洗涤剂、液体厨房清洁剂、液体浴室清洁剂、液体沐浴皂、液体洗发水和液体护发素。
本发明的层压体通过以下方式得到:使用辊(比如凹版辊)将预先加热至约40℃至约100℃的本发明的粘合剂涂布至作为基底的膜材料,并且在涂布后立即将另一个膜层压到上述膜上。优选地,在层压之后进行老化处理。老化温度优选为室温至70℃,并且老化时间优选为6至240小时。所涂布的粘合剂的量适当地进行调整,并且例如为1g/m2至5g/m2(包括端点值),并且优选1g/m2至3g/m2(包括端点值)。
[包装材料]
本发明的包装材料通过将层压体成形为袋状来生产。具体地,通过热密封层压体来形成包装材料。考虑到包装材料的应用、其所需性能(易撕性和手动可切性)、包装材料所需的刚度和耐久性(比如抗冲击性和耐针孔性),可以层压任选的额外层。通常,基底层、纸层、任选的密封层、无纺布层等与层压体一起使用。额外层可以使用任何众所周知的方法来层压。例如,在额外层和层压体之间设置粘合剂层,以使用干式层压法、热层压法、挤出层压法等来层压额外层。
层压体的结构的具体实例包括:包含第一塑料膜层/粘合剂层/第二塑料膜层的结构,和包含基底层/粘合剂层/第一塑料膜层/粘合剂层/第二塑料膜层并且其中第一塑料膜层用作阻挡层的结构,这些结构的层压体全都可以优选地用于一般的包装材料、盖和再填充包装;包含第二塑料膜层/纸层/粘合剂层/第一塑料膜层/粘合剂层/第二塑料膜层的结构,包含第二塑料膜层/纸层/聚烯烃树脂层/基底层/第一塑料膜层/粘合剂层/第二塑料膜层的结构,和包含纸层/第一塑料膜层/粘合剂层/密封层的结构,这些结构的层压体全都可以优选地用于纸容器和纸杯;以及包含第二塑料膜层/粘合剂层/第一塑料膜层/粘合剂层/第二塑料膜层的结构,这种结构的层压体可以优选地用于管式容器。层压体可以任选地包括印刷层、面漆涂层(topcoat layer)等。
所使用的第一塑料膜层的实例包括:聚酯树脂膜,比如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)和聚乳酸(PLA)膜;聚烯烃树脂膜,比如聚丙烯膜;聚苯乙烯树脂膜;聚酰胺树脂膜,比如尼龙6和聚己二酰对苯二胺(MXD6尼龙)膜;聚碳酸酯树脂膜;聚丙烯腈树脂膜;聚酰亚胺树脂膜;它们的层压体(比如尼龙6/MXD6/尼龙6和尼龙6/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物/尼龙6)和它们的混合物。其中,具有高机械强度和尺寸稳定性的膜是优选的。特别地,优选地使用在两个方向上拉伸的膜。
可以使用的第一塑料膜层的其他实例包括:软金属箔比如铝箔,和通过铝、二氧化硅或氧化铝的气相沉积或者二氧化硅和氧化铝的二元气相沉积得到的气相沉积层,这些气相沉积层全都用于赋予阻挡功能;以及由以下各项形成的有机阻挡层:偏二氯乙烯系树脂、改性聚乙烯醇、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、MXD尼龙等。
通常已知的密封剂树脂可以用于第二塑料膜层。密封剂树脂的实例包括:聚乙烯,比如低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和高密度聚乙烯(HDPE);以及聚烯烃树脂,比如酸改性的聚乙烯、聚丙烯(PP)、酸改性的聚丙烯、共聚的聚丙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物和离聚物。其中,聚乙烯系树脂从其低温密封性的观点来看是优选的,并且聚乙烯由于其低成本而是特别优选的。对密封层的厚度没有特别限制。考虑到成形为包装材料的成形性及其热密封性,该厚度优选地在10至60μm的范围内,并且更优选地在15至40μm的范围内。通过提供高度差为5至20μm的凸部和凹部,可以赋予密封层滑动性,并且可以赋予包装材料撕裂性。
纸层的实例包括天然纸层和合成纸层。可以任选地在基底层和纸层各自的外侧或内侧设置印刷层。
“额外层”可以包含众所周知的添加剂和稳定剂,比如抗静电剂、粘附力增强涂层剂、增塑剂、润滑剂和抗氧化剂。可以对“额外层”的表面进行预处理,比如电晕处理、等离子体处理、臭氧处理、化学处理或溶剂处理,以提高对待层压至额外层的其他材料的粘附力。
本发明的包装材料的形式的实例包括:三边密封袋、四边密封袋、角撑(gusset)式包装袋、枕式包装袋、三角形顶型封端容器(gable top-type closed-end container)、利乐经典包装(Tetra Classic package)、砖式包装、管式容器、纸杯和盖材料。本发明的包装材料可以适当地进行处理以赋予易开封性,并且可以设置有再密封装置。
本发明的包装材料可以在工业上主要用作装填食品、洗涤剂和药物的包装材料。包装材料的应用的具体实例包括洗涤剂和药物,比如液体衣物洗涤剂、液体厨房清洁剂、液体浴室清洁剂、液体沐浴皂、液体洗发水、液体护发素和药片。
[实施例]
接下来将通过具体的合成例和实施例的方式来更详细地描述本发明。然而,本发明不限于这些实施例。在以下实施例中,除非另外指明,否则“份”和“%”分别为“质量份”和“质量%”。
[多异氰酸酯组合物(A)的制备]
使用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的尿酸酯和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的尿酸酯的1:4混合物作为多异氰酸酯组合物(A)。
[多元醇组合物(B)的制备]
[(合成例1)聚酯多元醇(B1-1)的合成]
用47.5质量份的1,6-己二醇和52.5质量份的己二酸装填配备有混合叶轮、温度传感器、氮气引入管和精馏柱的2L四颈玻璃烧瓶。在进行脱水反应的同时,将混合物在氮气流中在常压下逐渐加热至220℃,并且在220℃继续反应。在精馏柱顶部的温度达到80℃以下之后,将精馏柱拆除并且用玻璃制的冷凝器替换,并且通过管线将氮气引入管连接至真空泵。在50托的减压下进行冷凝反应,直到达到预定酸值,并且由此得到聚酯多元醇(B1-1)。聚酯多元醇(B1-1)的平均官能度、酸值、羟值和熔点在表1中示出。
[(合成例2)和(比较合成例1)]
除了使用表1所示的原料以外,通过与(合成例1)中相同的程序得到聚酯多元醇(B1-2)和(BH1-1)。聚酯多元醇(B1-2)和(BH1-1)各自的平均官能度、酸值、羟值和熔点在表1中示出。
[表1]
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[(合成例3)聚酯多元醇(B2-1)的合成]
用3.2质量份的乙二醇、9.3质量份的二甘醇、13.6质量份的新戊二醇、9.3质量份的1,6-己二醇、9.1质量份的三羟甲基丙烷、25.2质量份的己二酸、26.0质量份的间苯二甲酸和4.3质量份的癸二酸装填配备有混合叶轮、温度传感器、氮气引入管和精馏柱的2L四颈玻璃烧瓶。在进行脱水反应的同时,将混合物在氮气流中在常压下逐渐加热至250℃,并且在250℃继续反应3小时。在精馏柱顶部的温度达到80℃以下之后,将混合物冷却至240℃。将精馏柱拆除并且用玻璃制的冷凝器替换,并且通过管线将氮气引入管连接至真空泵。在50托的减压下进行冷凝反应,直到达到预定酸值,并且由此得到聚酯多元醇(B2-1)。聚酯多元醇(B2-1)中的三官能以上的二醇的分数以及聚酯多元醇(B2-1)的平均官能度、酸值和羟值在表2中示出。
[(合成例4)至(合成例6)和(比较合成例2)]
除了使用表2所示的原料以外,通过与(合成例3)中相同的程序得到聚酯多元醇(B2-2)至(B2-4)和(BH2-1)。聚酯多元醇(B2-2)至(B2-4)和(BH2-1)各自的三官能以上的二醇的分数以及聚酯多元醇(B2-2)至(B2-4)和(BH2-1)的平均官能度、酸值和羟值在表2中示出。
[表2]
[粘合剂的制备]
将1.1份的聚酯多元醇(B1-1)、2.5份的聚酯多元醇(B2-1)和2份的多异氰酸酯组合物(A)混合以制备实施例1中的粘合剂。除了如表3至6中所示改变所使用的聚酯多元醇(B1)和(B2)及其加入量以外,以相同的方式来制备实施例和比较例中的粘合剂。
表格中的符号(B1)/(B2)分别表示:相对于聚酯多元醇(B1)和(B2)的总量的聚酯多元醇(B1)的量和聚酯多元醇(B2)的量(它们是基于质量%的)。在比较例1至7的每一个中,不含聚酯多元醇(B1)和(B2)中的至少一种或两种,并且(B1)/(B2)区域留为空白。
[评价用样品的制备]
[评价用样品1]
将粘合剂之一涂布至厚度为50μm的PET膜,使得涂布量为2.0g/m2,然后将涂覆有粘合剂的表面层压到另一个厚度为50μm的PET膜上。在层压后,立即从层压体中切出样品,使得粘结表面具有10mm×10mm的尺寸,并且将该样品用作评价用样品1。
[评价用样品2]
将粘合剂涂布至厚度为15μm的尼龙膜,使得涂布量为2.0g/m2,然后将涂覆有粘合剂的表面层压到厚度为60μm的线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)膜上。将层压体在40℃老化3天,并且用作评价用样品2。
[评价]
[70℃组合物粘度]
对于其中使用表3至6中所示的组成来制备相应粘合剂的实施例和比较例中的每一个,在刚制备之后的粘合剂的粘度在70℃使用旋转粘度计进行测量,并且使用以下四个等级评分尺度进行评级。小于1100mPa-s的粘度为实际可接受的水平。
AA:小于700mPa-s
A:700mPa-s以上并且小于1100mPa-s
B:1100mPa-s以上并且小于1500mPa-s
C:1500mPa-s以上
[初始内聚力]
在25℃的气氛温度和5mm/分钟的剥离速度的条件下,使用Instron拉伸试验机来测量评价用样品1的剪切强度。结果在表3至6中概述。1N/100m2以上的剪切强度为实际可接受的水平。
[热密封强度]
在180℃、10N/cm2和1秒的条件下,使用宽度为10mm的密封条将评价用样品2的密封膜表面的若干部分热密封。在25℃的气氛温度、300mm/分钟的剥离速度和T型的条件下,测量密封膜的所述若干部分之间的抗拉强度(N/15mm),使用以下四个等级评分尺度进行评级,并且概述在表3至6中。
AA:55N/15mm以上
A:50N/15mm以上且小于55N/15mm
B:40N/15mm以上且小于50N/15mm
C:小于40N/15mm
[表3]
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | |
聚酯多元醇(B1-1) | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.1 | ||
聚酯多元醇(B1-2) | 1.1 | 1.1 | |||
聚酯多元醇(B2-1) | 2.5 | ||||
聚酯多元醇(B2-2) | 2.5 | ||||
聚酯多元醇(B2-3) | 2.5 | ||||
聚酯多元醇(B2-4) | 2.7 | 2.5 | |||
多异氰酸酯组合物(A) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
(B1)/(B2) | 31/69 | 31/69 | 31/69 | 21/79 | 31/69 |
剪切强度(N/100m2) | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
热密封强度(N/15mm) | A | A | A | AA | AA |
70℃组合物粘度(mPa-s) | A | A | A | A | A |
[表4]
实施例6 | 实施例7 | 实施例8 | |
聚酯多元醇(B1-1) | 2.1 | 2.1 | 4.4 |
聚酯多元醇(B1-2) | |||
聚酯多元醇(B2-1) | |||
聚酯多元醇(B2-2) | |||
聚酯多元醇(B2-3) | |||
聚酯多元醇(B2-4) | 2.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
多异氰酸酯组合物(A) | 2 | 2 | 2 |
(B1)/(B2) | 50/50 | 66/34 | 80/20 |
剪切强度(N/100m2) | 1.5 | 2.7 | 3.4 |
热密封强度(N/15mm) | AA | A | A |
70℃组合物粘度(mPa-s) | A | A | A |
[表5]
[表6]
比较例6 | 比较例7 | 比较例8 | 比较例9 | |
聚酯多元醇(B1-1) | 0.3 | 5.6 | ||
聚酯多元醇(B1-2) | ||||
聚酯多元醇(B2-4) | 2.9 | 0.6 | ||
聚酯多元醇(BH1-1) | 0.7 | 1.4 | ||
聚酯多元醇(BH2-1) | 2.6 | 2.1 | ||
多异氰酸酯组合物(A) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
(B1)/(B2) | 9/91 | 90/10 | ||
剪切强度(N/m2) | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | >5 |
热密封强度(N/15mm) | AA | AA | AA | C |
70℃组合物粘度(mPa-s) | AA | AA | A | A |
由实施例可见,本发明的粘合剂在初始内聚力和热密封强度之间的平衡方面出色。然而,在其中不含聚酯多元醇(B1)的比较例1中,在其中聚酯多元醇(B1)的量少的比较例2和8中,以及在其中使用熔点过低的结晶性聚酯多元醇的比较例6和7中,未获得足够的初始内聚力。在其中也使用了平均官能度为2的聚酯多元醇的比较例3、4和5中以及在其中聚酯多元醇(B2)的量少的比较例9中,未获得足够的热密封强度。
Claims (6)
1.一种两部分粘合剂,所述两部分粘合剂包含多异氰酸酯组合物(A)和多元醇组合物(B),
其中所述多元醇组合物(B)含有熔点为50℃以上至70℃以下的结晶性聚酯多元醇(B1)和平均官能度为2.01以上至2.2以下的无定形聚酯多元醇(B2),
其中所述聚酯多元醇(B1)的量相对于所述聚酯多元醇(B1)和所述聚酯多元醇(B2)的总量为15质量%以上至85质量%以下,并且
其中所述聚酯多元醇(B2)的量相对于所述总量为15质量%以上至85质量%以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的两部分粘合剂,其中所述聚酯多元醇(B1)的量相对于所述总量为45质量%以上至85质量%以下,并且
其中所述聚酯多元醇(B2)的量相对于所述总量为15质量%以上至55质量%以下。
3.根据权利要求1所述的两部分粘合剂,其中所述聚酯多元醇(B2)是含有多元羧酸和多元醇的单体组合物的反应产物,并且
其中所述单体组合物还含有能够与所述多元羧酸和所述多元醇中的至少一种反应的五官能以上的化合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的两部分粘合剂,其中所述多异氰酸酯组合物(A)中含有的异氰酸酯基团的摩尔数[NCO]与所述多元醇组合物(B)中含有的羟基的摩尔数[OH]的比率[NCO]/[OH]为1.0至3.0。
5.一种层压体,所述层压体包括第一基底、第二基底和将所述第一基底和所述第二基底粘结到一起的粘合剂层,
其中所述粘合剂层是根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的两部分粘合剂的固化涂层。
6.一种包装材料,所述包装材料包括根据权利要求5所述的层压体。
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CN104093760B (zh) * | 2012-04-19 | 2016-01-20 | Dic株式会社 | 树脂组合物、双组分型层压粘接剂、层压薄膜以及太阳能电池的背板 |
DE102014217783A1 (de) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Zweikomponentiger Polyurethanschmelzklebstoff mit hoher Anfangs- und Endfestigkeit |
EP3031839A1 (de) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-15 | Sika Technology AG | Atmungsaktiver Polyurethan-Heissschmelzkleber |
JP7415559B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-20 | 2024-01-17 | 株式会社レゾナック | 反応性ホットメルト接着剤組成物及びその製造方法、接着方法、並びに、画像表示装置及びその製造方法 |
JP6753550B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-21 | 2020-09-09 | Dic株式会社 | 湿気硬化型ポリウレタンホットメルト樹脂組成物 |
CN113825817B (zh) * | 2019-06-03 | 2023-10-27 | Dic株式会社 | 粘接剂、电池用包装材料用粘接剂、层叠体、电池用包装材料、电池用容器和电池 |
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