CN116730766A - Special fertilizer for facility watermelons, fertilizer preparation method and application method thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for facility watermelons, fertilizer preparation method and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116730766A CN116730766A CN202310674241.3A CN202310674241A CN116730766A CN 116730766 A CN116730766 A CN 116730766A CN 202310674241 A CN202310674241 A CN 202310674241A CN 116730766 A CN116730766 A CN 116730766A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 241000219109 Citrullus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 235000012828 Citrullus lanatus var citroides Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000512259 Ascophyllum nodosum Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- JVXHQHGWBAHSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydron;iron(2+) Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JVXHQHGWBAHSSF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003390 magnesium sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000241257 Cucumis melo Species 0.000 claims 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000010496 root system development Effects 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005094 fruit set Effects 0.000 description 1
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003617 indole-3-acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000011890 leaf development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- SMDQFHZIWNYSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemagnesium Chemical compound S=[Mg] SMDQFHZIWNYSMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a special fertilizer for facility watermelons, a fertilizer preparation method and an application method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural fertilizer application, comprising the steps of (1) determining fertilizer demand and nutrient proportion of different stages in the growth stage of the facility watermelons according to nutrient absorption of the facility watermelons in the growth stage; (2) fertilizer formula basis; (3) a fertilizer preparation method. The application also discloses the special fertilizer for the facility watermelon prepared by the fertilizer preparation method and the application of the special fertilizer in the drip irrigation and water fertilizer integrated planting of the facility watermelon, and also discloses the fertilizer application method of the special fertilizer for the facility watermelon. The fertilizer disclosed by the application exerts the advantages of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer saving and synergy, water and soil pollution caused by excessive nutrient input is avoided, and the special fertilizer for the facility watermelon can be applied along with a drip irrigation process, so that the application method is simple, and meanwhile, the yield and quality of the facility watermelon can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizer application, and particularly relates to a facility watermelon special fertilizer, a fertilizer preparation method and an application method thereof.
Background
Most of the facility watermelon cultivation realizes the integration of water and fertilizer, but the problem of excessive and blind investment of water and nutrients in the facility watermelon cultivation is more remarkable. As shown by investigation, N, P is a facility watermelon fertilizer (fertilizer+organic fertilizer) in North China 2 O 5 、K 2 The input of O nutrient is 582, 412 and 541 kg/ha on average, wherein the fertilizer N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The average application amount of O is 288 kg/hectare, 213 kg/hectare, 2.3 times of the recommended amount of O, and the nutrient utilization rate is only 8% -29%. Excessive nutrient input fails to improve the yield and quality of the facility watermelon, and the excessive nutrient enters the external environment to cause a series of environmental problems such as surface water eutrophication, soil acidification, secondary salinization and the like.
The production of the facility watermelon also comprises the technical problems of unreasonable organic and inorganic nutrient proportion, unscientific fertilizer base ratio and nutrient element proportion, higher base fertilizer application proportion and lower post-dressing amount. If the input amount of organic nutrients in most areas is low, the fertilizer amount of the base fertilizer is 46-80% of the total fertilizer amount required in the growth stage of the facility watermelons, the advantages of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer saving and synergy cannot be exerted, and in the later growth stage of the facility watermelons, insufficient nutrient supply is caused to limit the increase of the yield.
The special fertilizer for the facility watermelon is lacking. Most of drip irrigation fertilizers for facility watermelons sold in the market are general fertilizers for melons and fruits, the nitrogen and phosphorus content is high, and the nutrient proportion is not matched with the nutrient requirement of the facility watermelons in the fertility stage. The fertilizer required in the growth stage of the facility watermelon is rich in nitrogen and potassium in the early stage, the early-stage phosphate fertilizer is beneficial to root system development, and the later-stage potassium fertilizer can improve the quality of the watermelon. And the mismatch of nutrient supply and fertility stage requirements in the production limits the high-yield and high-quality production of facility watermelons. At present, the fertilization is important for the application of major elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the application of medium trace elements Ca, zn, mg, B, fe and the like is neglected, meanwhile, the accumulation of soil phosphorus under high phosphorus input can cause the lack of trace elements such as Zn, fe and the like, and the problems of nutrient supply imbalance, disease increase and the like under continuous cropping of the facility watermelons are aggravated. In addition, under the condition of continuous cropping of the facility watermelons, excessive fertilization can change physicochemical properties such as pH value of soil and accumulation of autotoxic substances secreted by root systems, influence the diversity of soil microorganisms and the colony structure, and are easy to produce continuous cropping obstacles. Therefore, the method is very important for preventing and controlling soil pathogenic bacteria in the watermelon planting process, chemical pesticide residues can influence the environment, and biological agents are good choices.
The water and fertilizer integration can realize the real-time supply of nutrients, but the nutrient requirements of the facility watermelons in different growth stages are different, the fertilizer requirement in the early stage is low, and the phosphorus is sufficient, so that the root promotion and seedling strengthening are facilitated; the medium-term nutrition growth stage has more requirements on nitrogen, and the fruit expansion stage has increased requirements on potassium, so that the realization of accurate matching of nutrient supply and requirements in the facility watermelon fertility stage is the key of high yield and high quality of the facility watermelon.
Aiming at the problems of excessive fertilization, unreasonable nutrient proportion, unmatched nutrient supply and crop growth stage requirements in the production of the facility watermelons, how to provide a special fertilizer for the facility watermelons according to the nutrient requirement law in the growth stage of the facility watermelons and reasonably apply the special fertilizer is a technical problem to be solved by the technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a facility watermelon special fertilizer, a fertilizer preparation method and an application method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
a fertilizer preparation method of a facility watermelon special fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the fertilizer requirement amount of the facility watermelon in the fertility stage and the nutrient ratio of different stages according to the nutrient absorption amount of the facility watermelon in the fertility stage: fertilizer required amount = nutrient absorption amount x correction coefficient at the growth stage of the facility watermelon;
wherein, the nitrogen is converted into soil faster, is easy to be leached out along with water and is easy to be added with NH 3 Volatilizing or N 2 O denitrification loss, and better post effect of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, according to the determination after the study, the correction coefficient of the nitrogen fertilizer is 1.35, the correction coefficient of the phosphorus fertilizer is 1, and the correction coefficient of the potassium fertilizer is 1;
(2) The formula of the fertilizer is as follows: determining plants N, P of different growing stages of the facility watermelons according to the fertilizer requirement of the growing stages of the facility watermelons in the step (1) 2 O 5 、K 2 The absorption ratio of the O nutrient;
the different breeding stages are facility watermelon seedling stage to fruit setting stage and fruit expansion stage to mature stage;
(3) The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps: plants N, P of the facility watermelon obtained in the step (2) at different growth stages 2 O 5 、K 2 And (3) determining the raw material ratio of the growth promoting seedling strengthening fertilizer and the fruit swelling and quality improving fertilizer according to the nutrient absorption ratio of O, wherein the growth promoting seedling strengthening fertilizer and the fruit swelling and quality improving fertilizer are respectively prepared to obtain the facility watermelon special fertilizer.
The beneficial effects are that: the special fertilizer provided by the application is divided into a growth promoting seedling strengthening fertilizer and a fruit swelling quality improving fertilizer, and the early-stage growth main body of the watermelon is root system and stem leaf, the nitrogen demand is high, and the plant N, P is high because the nutrient demand proportion/characteristics of the early-stage growth and the middle-stage and later-stage reproductive growth stages of the watermelon are different 2 O 5 、K 2 The absorption ratio of the O nutrient is 1:0.35:1.24; the later stage mainly comprises fruit enlargement and photosynthetic product transformation, and has large potassium demand, N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The O nutrient absorption ratio is 1:0.32:1.85. Therefore, the fertilizer formula in the early stage of the application mainly promotes the growth of roots, seedlings and leaves, and the sufficient phosphorus supply can improve the root growth density and biomass of the root system and improve the capability of absorbing soil nutrients; sufficient nitrogen supply can promote stem and leaf development to improve photosynthetic area and efficiency of plants and increase photosynthetic product accumulation capacity, and a high-yield foundation and shelf are built for watermelons. The application is mainly used for promoting the continuous synthesis of photosynthetic products and the transformation and transportation of the photosynthetic products accumulated by plants to fruits in the later growth stage of the watermelons, wherein potassium is an activator of various plant enzymes, can promote the synthesis of proteins and carbohydrates (sucrose and the like) in photosynthesis, the transportation of the carbohydrates into the fruits, the content of vitamin C and the like, and improves the quality of the watermelons. Meanwhile, sufficient potassium can increase the stress resistance of the watermelon, and ensure the healthy growth and quality improvement of the watermelon in the later period. The fertilizer prepared by stages can supply nutrients in each stageThe method is accurately matched with the growth requirement of the watermelon, meets the nutrient requirement of the growth and development of the watermelon in the stage and realizes the high quality and high yield of the watermelon.
Preferably, the facility watermelon in step (2) is from seedling stage to fruit set stage, plant N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The absorption ratio of the O nutrient is 1:0.35:1.24, and the corrected O nutrient is 1.35:0.35:1.24; according to the nutrient proportion, fertilizer N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The proportion of the O percentage is 20% -5.2% -18%.
The fruit expands to maturity, plant N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The absorption ratio of the O nutrient is 1:0.32:1.85, and the corrected O nutrient is 1.35:0.32:1.85; according to the nutrient proportion, fertilizer N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The proportion of the O percentage is 20% -4.8% -28%.
The beneficial effects are that: the special fertilizer for the two growth stages has different nutrient proportions, mainly aims at the early stage of the watermelon, mainly aims at nutrition growth, mainly aims at elongation and growth of the vine leaves, and has higher nitrogen demand than phosphorus and potassium nutrient; and in the middle and later stages of the growth stage, the nutrients are mainly used for expanding fruits and improving the quality, and the requirement for potassium is higher than that of nitrogen and phosphorus. The nutrient content of the two fertilizer designs is determined according to the nutrient content of the fertilizer raw materials, so that the high-nutrient fertilizer is realized as much as possible, and the fertilizer with too high nutrient content cannot be prepared by the current raw materials.
Preferably, the growth promoting seedling strengthening fertilizer N, P in the step (3) 2 O 5 、K 2 The O ratio is 1.35:0.25:1.24;
the fruit swelling and quality improving fertilizer N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The O ratio is 1.35:0.32:1.85.
The beneficial effects are that: the nutrient ratio of the two fertilizers in the application is accurately matched with the nutrient requirements of the respective growth stages, and the requirements of the growth and development of the watermelons of the respective growth stages on the nutrients can be met.
Preferably, each 100 parts of the growth-promoting seedling-strengthening fertilizer comprises 44.4 parts of urea, 10.4 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 22.6 parts of potassium sulfate, 21.7 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.6 part of medium trace elements, 0.2 part of synergistic antibacterial active substances and 0.1 part of powdery compound microbial agent;
every 100 parts of the fruit swelling and quality improving fertilizer comprise 34.1 parts of urea, 8 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 26 parts of potassium sulfate, 31 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.6 part of medium trace elements, 0.2 part of synergistic antibacterial active substances and 0.1 part of powdery compound microbial inoculum.
The beneficial effects are that: the fertilizer raw materials used in the formula provided by the application are urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate and the like, are conventional fertilizer raw materials with higher solubility, are easy to purchase and obtain, and can simultaneously provide nutrient supply for potassium and sulfur, and the added medium trace elements can meet the requirements of the watermelon on the medium trace elements such as calcium, magnesium sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, boron and the like.
Preferably, the medium trace elements comprise one or more of calcium nitrate, EDTA-iron, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate and borax;
the synergistic antibacterial active substances comprise algal polysaccharide and kelp polyphenol;
the powdery composite microbial inoculum is growth-promoting stress-resistant bacteria and comprises bacillus and/or trichoderma harzianum.
The beneficial effects are that: the seaweed polysaccharide contains various plant growth hormones such as indoleacetic acid, gibberellin, salicylic acid and the like, and the kelp polyphenol has stress resistance and antibacterial capability, and can promote rooting, plant growth, stress resistance and disease resistance of crops. The growth-promoting bacteria in the composite microbial inoculum has the capability of promoting growth, inhibiting bacteria and killing bacteria, can inhibit pathogenic bacteria, overcome soil-borne diseases and continuous cropping obstacles caused by continuous cropping, and can keep activity by taking glucose as a carbon source of the growth-promoting bacteria.
A special fertilizer for facility watermelons comprises a seedling-promoting fertilizer for growth promotion in a vegetative growth period and a fruit-expanding and quality-improving fertilizer in a later period.
The beneficial effects are that: the two fertilizer nutrient distribution ratios in the application are prepared according to the nutrient absorption characteristics of the watermelons at each growth stage, and the fertilizer application can realize precise matching of the nutrient supply at the stage and the requirements of the watermelons at the growth stage.
An application of a special fertilizer for facility watermelons in drip irrigation and water and fertilizer integrated planting of the facility watermelons.
The beneficial effects are that: the special fertilizer for watermelons is a high-concentration, instant and comprehensive-nutrient fertilizer, is simple and efficient, can be filled into soil along with irrigation water after being dissolved in water, and can be combined with water and fertilizer to integrally improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of the fertilizer.
The application method of the facility watermelon special fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) After melon seedlings grow to 0.3 meter, adding growth promoting seedling strengthening fertilizer into drip irrigation water for application until all plants bear fruits;
2) And when the fruits begin to expand, applying a fruit expanding and quality improving fertilizer along with drip irrigation water until the facility watermelons are mature.
Facility watermelons are transplanted at the beginning of 3 months, harvested at the end of 5 months and grown for 80-90 days. The method is divided into a seedling stage, a vine stretching stage, a flowering and fruit setting stage, a fruit expanding stage and a mature stage. Transplanting melon seedlings to the vine stretching period of 30-35 days, stretching the vine to the fruit setting period of 20-25 days, and expanding fruits to the mature period of 25-31 days. The yield of the facility watermelons in the prior art is generally 50-70 tons/hectare, and the whole fertility stage is N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 O demand amounts are 160-210, 40-80 and 230-270 kg/ha, respectively. In order to better match nutrient supply and nutrient requirements of the facility watermelon in the growth stage, the application prepares fertilizers in two stages of seedling stage to fruiting stage and fruit expansion stage to maturity stage, wherein the fertilizer requirement of seedling stage to flowering and fruit setting stage is 20-30% of the fertilizer requirement of the whole growth stage, and the fertilizer requirement of the facility watermelon in the mature stage is 70-80%.
Preferably, the application amount of the growth promoting seedling strengthening fertilizer in the step 1) is 5.4 kg/mu, and the application times are 3 times;
the application amount of the swelling fruit quality improving fertilizer in the step 2) is 9-10 kg/mu, and the application times are 3-4 times;
preferably, in the step 1) and the step 2), the seedling-promoting fertilizer or the fruit-swelling quality-improving fertilizer is firstly completely dissolved by water and then poured into a fertilizing tank to be uniformly mixed, and then is dripped into soil along with water through a drip irrigation belt, wherein the flow rate of the drip irrigation belt is 1.5-2.0L/h, and the wetting depth of the water is 30-40cm.
Preferably, the seedling promoting and strengthening fertilizer in the step 1) is further applied with a base fertilizer before being applied, wherein the application method is that the decomposed organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer are uniformly mixed and spread, and then mechanically turned over and buried in a soil layer with the thickness of 0-20 cm;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is appliedThe dosage is 10-15 tons/hectare, and N, P in the chemical fertilizer 2 O 5 、K 2 O is applied according to 20%, 50% and 20% of the total fertilizer required by the facility watermelon respectively.
More preferably, in the step 1), after the seedling transplanting of the facility watermelon seedlings is vigorous before the seedling growth promoting and seedling strengthening fertilizer is applied, drip irrigation belts are paved along the row of the facility watermelon seedlings, water is irrigated for one time in about 7-10 days according to the soil moisture content (the relative water content of a soil moisture sensor is lower than 80 percent), only water is irrigated without adding fertilizer before the seedling reaches the vines, nutrients are provided by a base fertilizer, and each time of water irrigation is 4-4.5 cubic meters/mu.
The beneficial effects are that: the base fertilizer is very important for early root system development and seedling strengthening, and half of the total application amount of the phosphorus nutrient of the base fertilizer of the facility watermelon is recommended for promoting the root system development of the facility watermelon in the seedling stage. In order to improve the water and fertilizer retaining capacity and permeability of soil, a proper amount of organic fertilizer is suggested to be applied.
The application discloses a special fertilizer for facility watermelons, a fertilizer preparation method and an application method thereof, wherein N, P in the special fertilizer is prepared according to different requirements of different growing stages of the facility watermelons 2 O 5 、K 2 The O content is adjusted, so that the obtained fertilizer exerts the advantages of water and fertilizer integrated fertilizer saving and efficiency improvement, water and soil pollution caused by excessive nutrient input is avoided, and the special fertilizer for the facility watermelon can be applied along with a drip irrigation process, the application method is simple, and meanwhile, the yield and quality of the facility watermelon can be greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof.
The powdery composite microbial agent in the embodiment of the application is produced by the host after the bacterial is purchased from the national agricultural microbial bacterial collection center, and the collection number is: bacillus amyloliquefaciens, ACCC 60428; trichoderma harzianum and ACCC 33109 are growth promoting and stress resisting bacteria, and the ratio of bacillus to Trichoderma harzianum is 1:1.
Example 1
A fertilizer preparation method for facility watermelon special fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) And determining the fertilizer demand and the nutrient proportions at different stages according to the nutrient absorption characteristics of the facility watermelons at the growing stage.
Fertilizer requirement in the growth stage of the facility watermelon=nutrient absorption capacity of the facility watermelon x correction coefficient. The correction coefficient of the nitrogen fertilizer is 1.35, and the correction coefficients of the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer are all 1.
(2) According to the fertilizer demand amount calculating method in the facility watermelon fertility stage in the step (1), the fertilizer formula basis can be obtained as follows:
plants N, P from seedling stage to fruit bearing stage of watermelon 2 O 5 、K 2 The absorption ratio of the O nutrient is 1:0.35:1.24; after correction, the ratio is 1.35:0.35:1.24, and according to the nutrient proportion, the fertilizer contains macroelements N, P 2 O 5 The content proportion of K2O is designed to be 20% -5.2% -18%.
Fruit is swelled to maturity, plant N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The absorption ratio of the O nutrient is 1:0.32:1.85, and the corrected O nutrient is 1.35:0.32:1.85, and according to the nutrient ratio, the fertilizer contains a large amount of elements N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The proportion of the O content is designed to be 20% -4.8% -28%.
(3) According to the fertilizer formula basis obtained in the step (2), the fertilizer preparation method is obtained by: each 100 kg of growth-promoting seedling-strengthening fertilizer comprises 44.4 kg of urea, 10.41 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 22.6 kg of potassium sulfate, 21.7 kg of potassium nitrate, 100 g of calcium nitrate, EDTA-iron, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and borax respectively, 100 g of algal polysaccharide and kelp polyphenol respectively, and 100 g of powdery composite microbial inoculum (effective viable bacteria >2.0 hundred million/g);
every 100 kg of the swelling fruit quality improving fertilizer comprises 34.1 kg of urea, 8 kg of monoammonium phosphate, 26 kg of potassium sulfate, 31 kg of potassium nitrate, 100 g of calcium nitrate, EDTA-iron, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, magnesium sulfate and borax respectively, 100 g of algal polysaccharide and kelp polyphenol respectively and 100 g of powdery composite microbial inoculum.
Example 2
A facility watermelon special fertilizer application method comprises the following steps:
(1) Experiments were carried out 3-6 months 2022 in Yongcheng city Xue Huzhen Nie Zhaicun, henan province, and the soil type of the experimental land was loamy moist soil. The plastic greenhouse for test is 10 m wide and 50 m long, the facility watermelon (the variety is Meizhu) is planted by using the special fertilizer for the facility watermelon, and is divided into three identical planting cells for 3 times of repetition, and the area of each cell is 60m 2 The planting density is 2000 plants/mu, the areas are separated by field stalks, and each area is separately irrigated and fertilized.
(2) The organic fertilizer in the basal application is decomposed pig manure, and the application amount is 1.0 ton/mu;
in addition, chemical fertilizer N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 The O-usage was determined based on the recent yields (60-70 tons/hectare) and the nutrient absorption (nutrient demand = facility watermelon nutrient absorption x correction factor), 182, 70 and 250 kg/hectare, respectively, and facility watermelon N, P was used 2 O 5 And K 2 20%, 50% and 20% of the total demand of the O nutrient are applied as base fertilizers, conventional inorganic fertilizers (urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate are 5, 5 and 6 kg/mu respectively) are used, and 80%, 50% and 80% of the residual nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients are used as special drip irrigation fertilizers for the facility watermelons.
In the fertilization process, the seedling growth promoting and strengthening fertilizer is integrally applied for 3 times from seedling to fruiting period by utilizing water and fertilizer, and each time is 5-6 kg/mu; the fruit swelling and quality improving fertilizer is integrally applied from the beginning of swelling of fruits, and is applied for 3 times, 10 kg/mu each time, until the fruits are ripe.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 2 is that: replacing the facility watermelon special fertilizer with a conventional fertilizing fertilizer applied to farmers, wherein the conventional fertilizing fertilizer for farmers comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
chemical fertilizer N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 O was 300, 225 and 300 kg/ha, respectively, 80% of fertilizer pre-sowing basal application (N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 80 kg/mu of compound fertilizer with the O percentage ratio of 20% -15% -15% and 7-8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are added, and 20% of fertilizer is used as water-soluble fertilizer (N, P) 2 O 5 And K 2 O content is 20% -10% -18%, the water-soluble fertilizer is applied along with drip irrigation in the vine stretching period, the fruit swelling initial period and the fruit swelling middle period, and 6-7 kg/mu each time.
The test results are shown in Table 1:
table 1 yields and benefits of different fertilizer treatments of greenhouse watermelons.
As can be seen by combining with Table 1, the fertilizer consumption of the special fertilizer for the facility watermelon provided by the application is reduced by 17% -69% compared with that of conventional fertilizer application of farmers, the yield and economic benefit of the facility watermelon are slightly increased, the soluble sugar content of the facility watermelon is increased, and the quality of the facility watermelon is improved.
The present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application are intended to be included in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The fertilizer preparation method of the facility watermelon special fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Determining the fertilizer requirement amount of the facility watermelon in the fertility stage and the nutrient ratio of different stages according to the nutrient absorption amount of the facility watermelon in the fertility stage: fertilizer required amount = nutrient absorption amount x correction coefficient at the growth stage of the facility watermelon;
wherein, the correction coefficient of the nitrogen fertilizer is 1.35, the correction coefficient of the phosphate fertilizer is 1, and the correction coefficient of the potash fertilizer is 1;
(2) The formula of the fertilizer is as follows: according to the fertilizer requirement of the facility watermelon in the step (1) in the growing stage and the plants N, P of the facility watermelon in different growing stages 2 O 5 、K 2 The absorption ratio of the O nutrient;
the different breeding stages are facility watermelon seedling stage to fruit setting stage and fruit expansion stage to mature stage;
(3) The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps: plants N, P of the facility watermelon obtained in the step (2) at different growth stages 2 O 5 、K 2 And (3) determining the raw material ratio of the growth promoting seedling strengthening fertilizer and the fruit swelling and quality improving fertilizer according to the nutrient absorption ratio of O, and respectively preparing the growth promoting seedling strengthening fertilizer and the fruit swelling and quality improving fertilizer to obtain the facility watermelon special fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing special fertilizer for facility watermelon according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the plant N, P is from seedling stage to fruit setting stage of the facility watermelon 2 O 5 、K 2 The absorption ratio of the O nutrient is 1:0.35:1.24, and the corrected O nutrient is 1.35:0.35:1.24; according to the nutrient proportion, fertilizer N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The proportion of the O percentage is 20% -5.2% -18%.
The fruit expands to maturity, plant N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The absorption ratio of the O nutrient is 1:0.32:1.85, and the corrected O nutrient is 1.35:0.32:1.85; according to the nutrient proportion, fertilizer N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The proportion of the O percentage is 20% -4.8% -28%.
3. The method for preparing a fertilizer special for facility watermelons according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the growth-promoting seedling-strengthening fertilizer N, P in the step (3) 2 O 5 、K 2 The O ratio is 1.35:0.25:1.24;
the fruit swelling and quality improving fertilizer N, P 2 O 5 、K 2 The O ratio is 1.35:0.32:1.85.
4. The fertilizer preparation method of the facility watermelon special fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein each 100 parts of the growth-promoting seedling-strengthening fertilizer comprise 44.4 parts of urea, 10.4 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 22.6 parts of potassium sulfate, 21.7 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.6 part of medium trace elements, 0.2 part of synergistic antibacterial active substances and 0.1 part of powdery compound bacteria;
every 100 parts of the fruit swelling and quality improving fertilizer comprise 34.1 parts of urea, 8 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 26 parts of potassium sulfate, 31 parts of potassium nitrate, 0.6 part of medium trace elements, 0.2 part of synergistic antibacterial active substances and 0.1 part of powdery compound microbial inoculum.
5. The fertilizer preparation method of the facility watermelon special fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the medium trace elements comprise one or more of calcium nitrate, EDTA-iron, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate and borax;
the synergistic antibacterial active substances comprise algal polysaccharide and kelp polyphenol;
the powdery composite microbial inoculum is growth-promoting stress-resistant bacteria and comprises bacillus and/or trichoderma harzianum;
the effective viable bacteria in the composite microbial inoculum is more than 2.0 hundred million/g.
6. A facility watermelon fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3, comprising a vegetative growth stage seedling promoting fertilizer and a post-expansion fruit improving fertilizer.
7. Use of a fertilizer special for facility watermelons according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in drip irrigation and water fertilizer integrated planting of facility watermelons.
8. A method of applying a fertilizer for a protected watermelon according to any one of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of:
1) After melon seedlings grow to 0.3 meter, adding growth promoting seedling strengthening fertilizer into drip irrigation water for application until all plants bear fruits;
2) And when the fruits begin to expand, applying a fruit expanding and quality improving fertilizer along with drip irrigation water until the facility watermelons are mature.
9. The application method of the facility watermelon special fertilizer according to claim 8, wherein the application amount of the growth-promoting seedling-strengthening fertilizer in the step 1) is 5.4 kg/mu, and the application times are 3 times;
the application amount of the swelling fruit quality improving fertilizer in the step 2) is 9-10 kg/mu, and the application times are 3-4 times;
and (2) adding fertilizer in the steps 1) and 2), firstly completely dissolving the growth-promoting seedling-strengthening fertilizer or the swelling fruit-improving fertilizer with water, pouring the solution into a fertilizing tank, uniformly mixing, and dripping the solution into soil along with water through a drip irrigation belt, wherein the flow rate of the drip irrigation belt is 1.5-2.0L/h, and the water wetting depth is 30-40cm.
10. The application method of the facility watermelon special fertilizer according to claim 8, wherein the application of the growth-promoting seedling-strengthening fertilizer in the step 1) further comprises the application of a base fertilizer, wherein the application method is that the decomposed organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer are uniformly mixed and spread, and then mechanically turned over and buried in a soil layer of 0-20 cm;
the application amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 10-15 tons/hectare, and N, P in the chemical fertilizer 2 O 5 、K 2 O is applied according to 20%, 50% and 20% of the total fertilizer required by the facility watermelon respectively.
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