CN116729147A - Electric automobile wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM characteristic wave - Google Patents

Electric automobile wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM characteristic wave Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116729147A
CN116729147A CN202310699283.2A CN202310699283A CN116729147A CN 116729147 A CN116729147 A CN 116729147A CN 202310699283 A CN202310699283 A CN 202310699283A CN 116729147 A CN116729147 A CN 116729147A
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China
Prior art keywords
charging
pdm
electric automobile
pulse density
time sequence
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CN202310699283.2A
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Inventor
肖静
周柯
李小飞
陈丰伟
吴晓锐
龚文兰
卓浩泽
韩帅
林锐
陈卫东
吴剑豪
吴宁
陈绍南
莫宇鸿
张龙飞
郭敏
侯莉婕
郭小璇
卢健斌
阎浩
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Chongqing University
Electric Power Research Institute of Guangxi Power Grid Co Ltd
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Chongqing University
Electric Power Research Institute of Guangxi Power Grid Co Ltd
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Application filed by Chongqing University, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangxi Power Grid Co Ltd filed Critical Chongqing University
Priority to CN202310699283.2A priority Critical patent/CN116729147A/en
Publication of CN116729147A publication Critical patent/CN116729147A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/65—Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless charging of electric vehicles, and particularly discloses an electric vehicle wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM (pulse data management) characteristic waves. The invention defines the identity ID of different charging ends by the switching frequency (namely pulse density), and the different switching frequencies correspond to different ID information, thereby having the advantages of high accuracy, simple detection and the like; based on the wireless power transmission method, the switching frequency corresponds to different transmission power values, ID information of the charging end is transmitted to the electric automobile in a power mode, other extra equipment is not needed in the identity authentication process, the structure is simple, and the cost is saved.

Description

Electric automobile wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM characteristic wave
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless charging of electric automobiles, in particular to an electric automobile wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM characteristic waves.
Background
The wireless charging technology has the advantages of flexibility, reliability, safety and the like. The method is widely applied to the fields of unmanned aerial vehicles, household appliances, electric automobiles and the like. In order to achieve optimal system energy efficiency and state monitoring and improve performance of a wireless charging system, the wireless charging system often needs primary and secondary side communication to achieve information interaction, and meanwhile, for a multi-electric-vehicle wireless charging system, identity authentication and communication connection between an electric vehicle and a charging end are needed before wireless charging, and normal operation of a charging process is guaranteed.
However, because the conventional communication method has the problem of channel interference in the communication connection of the wireless charging system of the multi-electric-vehicle, the connection between the electric vehicle and the charging terminal is disordered, and the charging system works in disorder, so that the ID information authentication of the charging terminal and the electric vehicle is required before the wireless charging of the electric vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electric vehicle wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM characteristic waves, which solves the technical problems that: how to perform ID information authentication of the charging end and the electric vehicle before the electric vehicle is wirelessly charged.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an electric vehicle wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM characteristic waves, which comprises a charging end and an electric vehicle, wherein the charging end is provided with a high-frequency inverter and a PDM modulation module; the electric automobile demodulates the electric energy signal to obtain ID information of the charging end, then sends the ID information of the electric automobile to the charging end, and the charging end establishes communication connection with the electric automobile after receiving the ID information of the electric automobile.
Preferably, the system is provided with M charging ends, wherein M is more than or equal to 2;
setting unique ID information for each charging end, when M is less than or equal to T, T is the threshold number of the charging ends, and modulating an mth charging end in the M charging ends according to the following first modulation mode:
at a first time sequence, transmitting a PDM characteristic wave with pulse density of 1;
at the second time sequence, the transmission pulse density is P m ＝a 1 PDM characteristic wave of +bm, a 1 A first pulse density start value, b represents a pulse density difference value between two adjacent charging ends, a 1 More than or equal to 2 and is an integer, and b is more than or equal to 1 and is an integer.
Preferably, the electric automobile demodulates as follows:
after the electric automobile detects the voltage signal of the first time sequence, determining that the pulse density of the first time sequence is 1 according to the first corresponding relation between the voltage signal and the pulse density, and determining to demodulate according to the following first demodulation mode:
detecting a voltage signal of the second time sequence, determining the pulse density of the second time sequence according to the voltage density relation between the voltage signal and the pulse density, and obtaining the ID information of the charging end according to the density ID relation between the pulse density of the second time sequence and the ID information of the transmitting end.
Preferably, when M > T, the modulation mode for the mth charging terminal of the M charging terminals is:
the M charging terminals are divided into N groups, representing an upward rounding;
at a first time sequence, transmitting a PDM characteristic wave with pulse density of 2;
at the second timing, a PDM characteristic wave with the pulse density of R+2 is sent,
at the third time sequence, the transmission pulse density is P' k ＝a 2 +bk，k＝m-T(R-1)，a 2 Representing a second pulse density start value, a 2 ≥N。
Preferably, the electric automobile demodulates as follows:
after the electric automobile detects the voltage signal of the first time sequence, determining that the pulse density of the first time sequence is 2 according to the voltage density relation, and determining to demodulate according to the following second demodulation mode:
detecting a voltage signal of the second time sequence and determining the pulse density of the second time sequence according to the voltage density relation;
detecting a voltage signal of the third time sequence and determining the pulse density of the third time sequence according to the voltage density relation;
and obtaining the ID information of the charging end according to the relation between the pulse density of the second time sequence, the pulse density of the third time sequence and the pulse density ID of the transmitting end ID information.
Preferably, when the electric automobile detects that the voltage signal of the first time sequence is neither 1 nor 2, a prompt for moving the electric automobile to other charging areas is sent.
Preferably, the system further comprises a main control computer connected with the charging end;
after a group of communication connection between the transmitting end and the electric automobile is established, the electric automobile sends a charging request to the connected transmitting end, the transmitting end sends own ID information and the received ID information of the electric automobile to the main control computer through a WiFi hot spot, the main control computer controls a charging circuit of the transmitting end corresponding to the ID to be in a standby state, and after the transmitting end confirms that the mutual operation information of the electric automobile passes, the electric automobile starts to be charged.
Preferably, the M emitting ends are arranged in an array.
Preferably, T is not less than 20.
Preferably, t=25, a 1 ＝a 2 ＝5，b＝2。
According to the wireless charging system for the electric automobile, which is provided by the invention, based on the PDM characteristic wave, when the electric automobile is parked in a charging area, the electric automobile transmits the electric energy signal with the ID information of the charging end to the electric automobile by controlling the pulse density of the inversion switch of the charging end, and the electric automobile recognizes the ID signal and returns the ID signal of the electric automobile after being connected with the ID signal, so that the identity authentication and communication connection between the electric automobile and the charging end before charging are realized. The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. based on the inversion switching method, the identity IDs of different charging ends can be defined through the switching frequency (namely pulse density), and different switching frequencies correspond to different ID information, so that the method has the advantages of high accuracy, simplicity in detection and the like;
2. based on the wireless power transmission method, the switching frequency corresponds to different transmission power values, ID information of the charging end is transmitted to the electric automobile in an electric energy mode, other extra equipment is not needed in the identity authentication process, the structure is simple, and the cost is saved;
3. the electric automobile detects the electric energy value of receiving and just can discern the end identity information that charges, in wireless electric energy transmission process, and electric energy transmission speed is fast, consequently has the advantage that authentication is fast, when electric automobile received the electric energy signal that has the end ID information that charges, just can carry out communication connection with it, has advantages such as connection accuracy height, no channel crosstalk problem.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a working flow chart of an electric vehicle wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM characteristic waves provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a PDM modulation input/output provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an electric vehicle wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM characteristic waves according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of an electric vehicle wireless charging system with charging terminals distributed in a 5×5 array manner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, including the drawings for reference and description only, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In order to perform ID information authentication of a charging end and an electric vehicle before wireless charging of the electric vehicle, the embodiment of the invention provides an electric vehicle wireless charging system for performing ID authentication based on PDM characteristic waves. As shown in the flowchart of fig. 1, when the charging end senses that an electric automobile is parked in a charging area of the charging end, the PDM modulation module is controlled to modulate ID information of the charging end into PDM characteristic waves and act on the high-frequency inverter, and the high-frequency inverter transmits an electric energy signal with the ID information of the charging end to the electric automobile; the electric automobile demodulates after receiving the electric energy signal to obtain the ID information of charging end, then sends self ID information to the charging end, establishes the communication connection (such as WIFI connection) with electric automobile after the charging end receives electric automobile's ID information. After a group of transmitting ends are established to be in communication connection with the electric automobile, the electric automobile sends a charging request to the transmitting ends connected with the transmitting ends through WIFI, the transmitting ends send ID information of the transmitting ends and the ID information of the electric automobile received by the transmitting ends to a main control machine, the main control machine controls a charging circuit of the transmitting ends corresponding to the ID to be in a standby state, and after the transmitting ends confirm that interoperation information of the electric automobile passes, the electric automobile starts to be charged.
PDM (Pulse Density Modulation) modulation is a digital signal modulation technique for converting an analog signal to a sequence of digital pulses. The analog signal first needs to be sampled discretely, i.e. the amplitude value of the signal is measured periodically over a period of time. The sampling rate must be high enough to capture the high frequency content of the analog signal. The sampled analog signal needs to be quantized to convert the amplitude value of each sampling point into a digital value. Typically, the continuous amplitude range is divided into discrete levels and each sample point is mapped to the nearest quantization level. In PDM modulation, each quantized digital value is encoded as a binary pulse, where a high level represents a 1 and a low level represents a 0. Each quantization level corresponds to a period of time, called the pulse width, when encoded. PDM is characterized by using pulse density to represent amplitude information of an analog signal. Pulse density refers to the number of pulses per unit time. The higher the amplitude of the analog signal, the higher the pulse density; the lower the amplitude of the analog signal, the lower the pulse density. The PDM modulation has the advantages of high signal precision, no distortion transmission, wide dynamic range, low cost realization, digital signal processing advantage and the like. Fig. 2 illustrates an exemplary PDM modulated input-output voltage waveform.
The topology of the wireless charging system of the multi-electric automobile is shown in fig. 3, and LCC-S topology is adopted, wherein U is shown in the figure in For inputting DC power supply, U out Load voltage, MOSFET S 1 ～S 4 Form a full-bridge inverter circuit L f1 、C f1 、C P And L P For primary compensation network, C S And L S Compensating the network for the secondary side, where L P And L S The primary coil and the secondary coil are respectively self-induced, M is mutual inductance between the coils, and the diode D 1 ～D 4 Form a rectifying circuit, C is a filter capacitor, R L Is a load. The pulse density of the switch control signals of the inverter circuit is different, and the electric energy received by the electric automobile is also different, so that the electric automobile can be used for identifying the identity of the electric automobile and the charging end. And the electric automobile end is provided with a PDM demodulation module which is used for demodulating and obtaining ID information of the transmitting end according to the load voltage (namely the system output voltage).
The invention is also applicable to multiple charging ends and multiple electric vehicles, and the structures of the wireless charging systems of the multiple charging ends and the multiple electric vehicles are shown in fig. 4, and 25 charging ends (5×5 array arrangement) are arranged in fig. 4.
Aiming at an electric automobile wireless charging system provided with M charging ends, unique ID information is set for each charging end, when M is less than or equal to T, T is the threshold number of the charging ends, and the mth charging end of the M charging ends is modulated according to the following first modulation mode:
at a first time sequence, transmitting a PDM characteristic wave with pulse density of 1;
at the second time sequence, the transmission pulse density is P m ＝a 1 PDM characteristic wave of +bm, a 1 A first pulse density initial value, b represents a pulse density difference value between two adjacent charging ends, a 1 More than or equal to 2 and is an integer, and b is more than or equal to 1 and is an integer.
For example, when m=10, a 1 =5, b=2, then at the first timing, a PDM signature with a pulse density of 1 is transmitted, and at the second timing, a pulse density of P is transmitted 10 PDM characteristic wave=5+2×10=25.
The electric car demodulates as follows:
after the electric automobile detects the voltage signal of the first time sequence, determining that the pulse density of the first time sequence is 1 according to the first corresponding relation between the voltage signal and the pulse density, and determining to demodulate according to the following first demodulation mode:
detecting a voltage signal of the second time sequence, determining the pulse density of the second time sequence according to the voltage density relation (which is stored in the electric automobile in advance) of the voltage signal and the pulse density, and obtaining the ID information of the charging end according to the pulse density ID relation (which is stored in the electric automobile in advance) of the pulse density of the second time sequence and the ID information of the transmitting end.
When M is larger, in order to avoid that too high pulse density causes more consumption to the circuit, increases the modulation and demodulation difficulty and causes other adverse effects, the embodiment further sets a second modulation and demodulation mode, namely:
when M > T, the modulation mode for the mth charging end in the M charging ends is as follows:
the M charging terminals are divided into N groups, representing an upward rounding;
at a first time sequence, transmitting a PDM characteristic wave with pulse density of 2;
at the second timing, a PDM characteristic wave with the pulse density of R+2 is sent,
at the third time sequence, the transmission pulse density is P' k ＝a 2 +bk，k＝m-T(R-1)，a 2 Representing a second pulse density start value, a 2 ≥N。
For example, for m=100, t=25, a 1 ＝a 2 =5, b=2, m=65, then n=4, r=3. In this embodiment, the ID of the mth charging terminal is the serial number m. Then, the mth charging terminal is modulated by a second modulation method, and a PDM characteristic wave with a pulse density of 2 is transmitted at a first timing, a PDM characteristic wave with a pulse density of 5 is transmitted at a second timing, and a PDM characteristic wave with a pulse density of 35 is transmitted at a third timing.
The electric car demodulates as follows:
after the electric automobile detects the voltage signal of the first time sequence, determining that the pulse density of the first time sequence is 2 according to the voltage density relation, and determining to demodulate according to the following second demodulation mode:
detecting a voltage signal of the second time sequence and determining the pulse density of the second time sequence according to the voltage density relation;
detecting a voltage signal of the third time sequence and determining the pulse density of the third time sequence according to the voltage density relation;
the ID information of the charging terminal is obtained from the pulse density of the second timing, the pulse density of the third timing, and the pulse density ID relationship of the transmitting terminal ID information (which has been stored in the electric car in advance).
When the electric automobile detects that the voltage signal of the first time sequence is neither 1 nor 2 (the charging end possibly fails), a prompt for moving the electric automobile to other charging areas is sent out.
T, a described above 1 、a 2 The specific values of b=2, M are for illustration only and may be chosen arbitrarily within the selectable range of these parameters according to the actual requirements.
In summary, in the electric vehicle wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM feature waves provided by the embodiment of the present invention, after an electric vehicle is parked in a charging area, by controlling the pulse density of the charging end inversion switch, an electric energy signal with charging end ID information is transmitted to the electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle recognizes the ID signal and returns the ID signal of the electric vehicle after being connected with the electric vehicle, thereby implementing identity authentication and communication connection between the electric vehicle and the charging end before charging. The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. based on the inversion switching method, the identity IDs of different charging ends can be defined through the switching frequency (namely pulse density), and different switching frequencies correspond to different ID information, so that the method has the advantages of high accuracy, simplicity in detection and the like;
2. based on the wireless power transmission method, the switching frequency corresponds to different transmission power values, ID information of the charging end is transmitted to the electric automobile in an electric energy mode, other extra equipment is not needed in the identity authentication process, the structure is simple, and the cost is saved;
3. the electric automobile detects the electric energy value of receiving and just can discern the end identity information that charges, in wireless electric energy transmission process, and electric energy transmission speed is fast, consequently has the advantage that authentication is fast, when electric automobile received the electric energy signal that has the end ID information that charges, just can carry out communication connection with it, has advantages such as connection accuracy height, no channel crosstalk problem.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The wireless charging system for the electric automobile, which carries out ID authentication based on PDM characteristic waves, is characterized by comprising a charging end and an electric automobile, wherein the charging end is provided with a high-frequency inverter and a PDM modulation module, when the charging end senses that the electric automobile stops at a charging area of the charging end, the PDM modulation module is controlled to modulate ID information of the charging end into PDM characteristic waves and act on the high-frequency inverter, and the high-frequency inverter transmits an electric energy signal with the ID information of the charging end to the electric automobile; the electric automobile demodulates the electric energy signal to obtain ID information of the charging end, then sends the ID information of the electric automobile to the charging end, and the charging end establishes communication connection with the electric automobile after receiving the ID information of the electric automobile.
2. The electric automobile wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM characteristic waves according to claim 1, wherein M charging ends are arranged in the system, M is more than or equal to 2;
setting unique ID information for each charging end, when M is less than or equal to T, T is the threshold number of the charging ends, and modulating an mth charging end in the M charging ends according to the following first modulation mode:
at a first time sequence, transmitting a PDM characteristic wave with pulse density of 1;
at the second time sequence, the transmission pulse density is P m ＝a 1 PDM characteristic wave of +bm, a 1 A first pulse density start value, b represents a pulse density difference value between two adjacent charging ends, a 1 More than or equal to 2 and is an integer, and b is more than or equal to 1 and is an integer.
3. The wireless charging system for an electric vehicle for ID authentication based on PDM characteristic waves according to claim 2, wherein the electric vehicle demodulates as follows:
after the electric automobile detects the voltage signal of the first time sequence, determining that the pulse density of the first time sequence is 1 according to the first corresponding relation between the voltage signal and the pulse density, and determining to demodulate according to the following first demodulation mode:
detecting a voltage signal of the second time sequence, determining the pulse density of the second time sequence according to the voltage density relation between the voltage signal and the pulse density, and obtaining the ID information of the charging end according to the density ID relation between the pulse density of the second time sequence and the ID information of the transmitting end.
4. The wireless charging system for electric vehicles performing ID authentication based on PDM feature waves according to claim 3, wherein when M > T, the modulation scheme for the mth charging end of the M charging ends is:
the M charging terminals are divided into N groups, representing an upward rounding;
at a first time sequence, transmitting a PDM characteristic wave with pulse density of 2;
at the second timing, a PDM characteristic wave with the pulse density of R+2 is sent,
at the third time sequence, the transmission pulse density is P' k ＝a 2 +bk，k＝m-T(R-1)，a 2 Representing a second pulse density start value, a 2 ≥N。
5. The wireless charging system for an electric vehicle for ID authentication based on PDM signature of claim 4, wherein the electric vehicle demodulates as follows:
after the electric automobile detects the voltage signal of the first time sequence, determining that the pulse density of the first time sequence is 2 according to the voltage density relation, and determining to demodulate according to the following second demodulation mode:
detecting a voltage signal of the second time sequence and determining the pulse density of the second time sequence according to the voltage density relation;
detecting a voltage signal of the third time sequence and determining the pulse density of the third time sequence according to the voltage density relation;
and obtaining the ID information of the charging end according to the relation between the pulse density of the second time sequence, the pulse density of the third time sequence and the pulse density ID of the transmitting end ID information.
6. The wireless charging system for the electric vehicle for ID authentication based on PDM feature waves of claim 5, wherein when the electric vehicle detects that the voltage signal of the first time sequence is neither 1 nor 2, a reminder to move the electric vehicle to other charging areas is issued.
7. The wireless charging system for the electric automobile for ID authentication based on the PDM characteristic wave according to claim 5, further comprising a main control computer connected with the charging end;
after a group of communication connection between the transmitting end and the electric automobile is established, the electric automobile sends a charging request to the connected transmitting end, the transmitting end sends own ID information and the received ID information of the electric automobile to the main control computer through a WiFi hot spot, the main control computer controls a charging circuit of the transmitting end corresponding to the ID to be in a standby state, and after the transmitting end confirms that the mutual operation information of the electric automobile passes, the electric automobile starts to be charged.
8. The electric vehicle wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM signature as in claim 6, wherein: and M emitting ends are arranged in an array mode.
9. The electric vehicle wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM signature as in claim 6, wherein: t is more than or equal to 20.
10. The electric vehicle wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM feature waves of claim 9, wherein: t=25, a 1 ＝a 2 ＝5，b＝2。
CN202310699283.2A 2023-06-13 2023-06-13 Electric automobile wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM characteristic wave Pending CN116729147A (en)

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CN202310699283.2A CN116729147A (en) 2023-06-13 2023-06-13 Electric automobile wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM characteristic wave

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CN202310699283.2A CN116729147A (en) 2023-06-13 2023-06-13 Electric automobile wireless charging system for ID authentication based on PDM characteristic wave

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