CN116644815B - Quantum space coding recoder - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses a quantum space coding recoder, which realizes quantum space coding recoding by arranging two Bell state light sources, a space coding light source, six MZ interference rings, two fusion operation structures, eight single photon counting modules and four exit ports based on path coding, has simple and compact structure and simple and stable light path, and further improves error correction and fault tolerance. In addition, each component in the application can be integrally manufactured on the substrate through a single-chip integration process to form an on-chip structure.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of quantum information, and particularly relates to a quantum space coding recoder.
Background
The space coding is an important technical means of fault tolerance and error correction in optical quantum computing and quantum communication, and can be used for constructing a fault tolerance quantum computing model based on the space coding and correcting errors in the quantum computing process. Typical parity encoding encodes a logical qubit using two actual qubits, as follows:
in quantum information processing applications based on space coding, in order to further improve fault tolerance, a key technology is to recode a space coding state, that is, to retrieve a new space coding state based on an existing space coding state, and we call a device capable of implementing such a process as a space recoder.
The existing space coding recoder basically adopts polarization dimension coding, and the polarization dimension coding has difficulty in the aspect of optical chip integration, and an on-chip polarization modulation device and technology are immature, so the application provides a two-photon space coding recoder based on path coding.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the application provides a quantum space coding recoder which realizes space coding recoding based on path coding by adopting a plurality of MZ interference rings and a fusion operation structure, and has simple and compact structure and high light path stability. The specific scheme is as follows:
the application discloses a quantum space coding recoder, which comprises two Bell state light sources, a space coding light source, six MZ interference rings, two fusion operation structures, eight single photon counting modules and four emergent ports, wherein the two Bell state light sources are respectively a first Bell state light source and a second Bell state light source, the six MZ interference rings are respectively a first MZ interference ring, a second MZ interference ring, a third MZ interference ring, a fourth MZ interference ring, a fifth MZ interference ring and a sixth MZ interference ring, the two fusion operation structures are respectively a first fusion operation structure and a second fusion operation structure, and the eight single photon counting modules are respectively a first single photon counting module, a second single photon counting module, a third single photon counting module, a fourth single photon counting module, a fifth single photon counting module, a sixth single photon counting module, a seventh single photon counting module and an eighth single photon counting module, and the four emergent ports are respectively a first port, a second emergent port, a third emergent port and a fourth emergent port;
the first Bell state light source, the second Bell state light source and the space-name coded light source all comprise four output ends; the MZ interference ring and the fusion operation structure are provided with two input ends and two output ends;
a first output end of the first Bell state light source is connected with the first emergent port, a second output end of the first Bell state light source is connected with the second emergent port, a third output end of the first Bell state light source is connected with the input upper end of the first MZ interference ring, and a fourth output end of the first Bell state light source is connected with the input lower end of the first MZ interference ring;
the first output end of the second Bell state light source is connected with the input upper end of the second MZ interference ring, the second output end of the second Bell state light source is connected with the input lower end of the second MZ interference ring, the third output end of the second Bell state light source is connected with the third emergent port, and the fourth output end of the second Bell state light source is connected with the fourth emergent port;
the first output end of the space-name coded light source is connected with the input lower end of the second fusion operation structure, the second output end of the space-name coded light source is connected with the input lower end of the sixth MZ interference ring, the third output end of the space-name coded light source is connected with the seventh single-photon counting module, and the fourth output end of the space-name coded light source is connected with the eighth single-photon counting module;
the input upper end of the first fusion operation structure is connected with the output upper end of the first MZ interference ring, the input lower end of the first fusion operation structure is connected with the output upper end of the second MZ interference ring, the output upper end of the first fusion operation structure is connected with the input upper end of the fourth MZ interference ring, and the output lower end of the first fusion operation structure is connected with the input upper end of the third MZ interference ring;
the input lower end of the third MZ interference ring is connected with the output lower end of the second MZ interference ring, the output upper end of the third MZ interference ring is connected with the input upper end of the second fusion operation structure, and the output lower end of the third MZ interference ring is connected with the input lower end of the fifth MZ interference ring;
the input lower end of the fourth MZ interference ring is connected with the output lower end of the first MZ interference ring, the output upper end of the fourth MZ interference ring is connected with the first single photon counting module, and the output lower end of the fourth MZ interference ring is connected with the second single photon counting module;
the input upper end of the fifth MZ interference ring is connected with the output upper end of the second fusion operation structure, the output upper end of the fifth MZ interference ring is connected with the third single photon counting module, and the output lower end of the fifth MZ interference ring is connected with the fourth single photon counting module;
the input upper end of the sixth MZ interference ring is connected with the output lower end of the second fusion operation structure, the output upper end of the sixth MZ interference ring is connected with the fifth single photon counting module, and the output lower end of the sixth MZ interference ring is connected with the sixth single photon counting module;
the first Bell state light source and the second Bell state light source are each configured to generate a pair of light sources in the Bell statePhotons, and the quantum states of the bell-state photons are:；
the space-coded light source is configured to provide a pair of photons that have been initially space-coded in the following initial space-coded states:；
one photon generated by the first Bell state light source is output through a first output end or a second output end of the first Bell state light source, and the other photon is output through a third output end or a fourth output end of the first Bell state light source; one photon generated by the second Bell state light source is output through a first output end or a second output end of the second Bell state light source, and the other photon is output through a third output end or a fourth output end of the second Bell state light source; one photon generated by the space-name coded light source is output through a first output end or a second output end of the space-name coded light source, and the other photon is output through a third output end or a fourth output end of the space-name coded light source; wherein the first, second and third output ends of the first, second and third Bell state light sources are used for outputtingThe second output end and the fourth output end are used for outputting +>A state photon;
the MZ interference ring is used for carrying out H gate operation on photons passing through the path of the MZ interference ring, so that the quantum state of the photons passing through the MZ interference ring evolves as follows:，/>；
the first fusion operation structure is used for exchanging a transmission path of photons output from the upper end of the first MZ interference ring with a transmission path of photons output from the upper end of the second MZ interference ring;
the second fusion operation structure is used for exchanging a transmission path of photons output from the upper end of the third MZ interference ring with a transmission path of photons output from the first output end of the space-coded light source;
the single photon counting module is used for detecting and counting photons input to the single photon counting module.
Further, the MZ interference ring includes a first 50:50 beam splitter, an interference upper arm, an interference lower arm, a second 50:50 beam splitter, a first phase modulator and a second phase modulator, two ends of the interference upper arm are respectively connected with an output upper port of the first 50:50 beam splitter and an input upper port of the second 50:50 beam splitter, two ends of the interference lower arm are respectively connected with an output lower port of the first 50:50 beam splitter and an input lower port of the second 50:50 beam splitter, the first phase modulator is disposed at the input upper port of the first 50:50 beam splitter, the second phase modulator is disposed on the interference upper arm, and a phase of the first phase modulator is set asThe phase of the second phase modulator is set to +.>。
Preferably, the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator are both thermo-optic phase modulators.
Further, the two Bell state light sources, the space-name coded light source, the six MZ interference rings, the two fusion operation structures, the eight single photon counting modules and the four emergent ports are integrally manufactured on the substrate through a monolithic integration process.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present application, compared with the prior art, enable the following beneficial effects to be obtained:
the application realizes quantum parity recoding based on path coding by arranging two Bell state light sources, a parity code light source, six MZ interference rings, two fusion operation structures, eight single photon counting modules and four exit ports, has simple and compact structure and simple and stable light path, and further improves error correction and fault tolerance. In addition, each component in the application can be integrally manufactured on the substrate through a single-chip integration process to form an on-chip structure.
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In order to more clearly illustrate this embodiment or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are required for the description of the embodiment or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a quantum space coding recoder according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of six MZ interference rings in the application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a quantum space coding recoder according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of embodiments of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In order to facilitate understanding and explanation of the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application, the following description will first explain the background art of the present application.
Bell states are one of the important concepts in quantum computing, and can be used for realizing important applications such as quantum entanglement and quantum communication. For the entangled form of a two-quantum system, the most common is the bell state, and the two-quantum pure state with the greatest entanglement degree has four expression forms:
quantum gates are an operation for changing the state of a qubit, which can transform the state of one qubit into the state of another qubit, and are often used in quantum computing, particularly in the computational model of quantum circuits. Hadamard gates (H gates) are a common type of quantum gate, and the function of an H gate is to transfer the state of a qubit fromConversion intoOr->Is converted into->。
The space coding is an important technical means of fault tolerance and error correction in optical quantum computing and quantum communication, and can be used for constructing a fault tolerance quantum computing model based on the space coding and correcting errors in the quantum computing process. Typical parity encoding encodes a logical qubit using two actual qubits, as follows:
in quantum information processing applications based on space coding, in order to further improve fault tolerance, a key technology is to recode a space coding state, that is, to retrieve a new space coding state based on an existing space coding state, and we call a device capable of implementing such a process as a space recoder.
The existing space coding recoder basically adopts polarization dimension coding, the polarization dimension coding has difficulty in the aspect of optical chip integration, and on-chip polarization modulation devices and technologies are immature.
Based on the above, the application provides a quantum parity recoder, as shown in fig. 1, comprising two bell-state light sources, a parity-coded light source, six MZ interference rings, two fusion operation structures, eight single photon counting modules and four exit ports. In the application, two Bell state light sources, a space-name coding light source, six MZ interference rings, two fusion operation structures, eight single photon counting modules and four emergent ports are integrally manufactured on a substrate through a monolithic integration process, namely, the quantum space-name coding recoder is an on-chip structure, and the layout among components is compact and the light path stability is high.
In order to facilitate description of the position and the connection relationship, the two bell-state light sources are respectively a first bell-state light source and a second bell-state light source, the six MZ interference rings are respectively a first MZ interference ring, a second MZ interference ring, a third MZ interference ring, a fourth MZ interference ring, a fifth MZ interference ring and a sixth MZ interference ring, the two fusion operation structures are respectively a first fusion operation structure and a second fusion operation structure, the eight single photon counting modules are respectively a first single photon counting module, a second single photon counting module, a third single photon counting module, a fourth single photon counting module, a fifth single photon counting module, a sixth single photon counting module, a seventh single photon counting module and an eighth single photon counting module, and the four exit ports are respectively a first exit port, a second exit port, a third exit port and a fourth exit port.
Referring to fig. 1, the first bell state light source, the second bell state light source and the space code light source each include four output ends; both the MZ interference loop and the fusion operating structure have two inputs and two outputs.
Specifically, a first output end of the first Bell state light source is connected with the first emergent port, a second output end of the first Bell state light source is connected with the second emergent port, a third output end of the first Bell state light source is connected with an input upper end of the first MZ interference ring, and a fourth output end of the first Bell state light source is connected with an input lower end of the first MZ interference ring.
The first output end of the second Bell state light source is connected with the input upper end of the second MZ interference ring, the second output end of the second Bell state light source is connected with the input lower end of the second MZ interference ring, the third output end of the second Bell state light source is connected with the third emergent port, and the fourth output end of the second Bell state light source is connected with the fourth emergent port.
The first output end of the space-name coded light source is connected with the input lower end of the second fusion operation structure, the second output end of the space-name coded light source is connected with the input lower end of the sixth MZ interference ring, the third output end of the space-name coded light source is connected with the seventh single photon counting module, and the fourth output end of the space-name coded light source is connected with the eighth single photon counting module.
The input upper end of the first fusion operation structure is connected with the output upper end of the first MZ interference ring, the input lower end of the first fusion operation structure is connected with the output upper end of the second MZ interference ring, the output upper end of the first fusion operation structure is connected with the input upper end of the fourth MZ interference ring, and the output lower end of the first fusion operation structure is connected with the input upper end of the third MZ interference ring.
The input lower end of the third MZ interference ring is connected with the output lower end of the second MZ interference ring, the output upper end of the third MZ interference ring is connected with the input upper end of the second fusion operation structure, and the output lower end of the third MZ interference ring is connected with the input lower end of the fifth MZ interference ring.
The input lower end of the fourth MZ interference ring is connected with the output lower end of the first MZ interference ring, the output upper end of the fourth MZ interference ring is connected with the first single photon counting module, and the output lower end of the fourth MZ interference ring is connected with the second single photon counting module.
The input upper end of the fifth MZ interference ring is connected with the output upper end of the second fusion operation structure, the output upper end of the fifth MZ interference ring is connected with the third single photon counting module, and the output lower end of the fifth MZ interference ring is connected with the fourth single photon counting module.
The input upper end of the sixth MZ interference ring is connected with the output lower end of the second fusion operation structure, the output upper end of the sixth MZ interference ring is connected with the fifth single photon counting module, and the output lower end of the sixth MZ interference ring is connected with the sixth single photon counting module.
The first Bell state light source and the second Bell state light source are both used for generating a pair of photons in the Bell state, and the quantum states of the Bell state photons are as follows:。
the spatially encoded light source is configured to provide a pair of photons that have been initially spatially encoded in the following initial spatially encoded states:。
the initial space-name coding state can be obtained by respectively carrying out H-gate operation on two photons of a two-photon entangled state, wherein the two-photon entangled state is as follows:after H gate operation is carried out on two photons respectively, the quantum state evolves as follows:，/>then:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,and obtaining an initial space coding state after H gate operation.
One photon generated by the first Bell state light source is output through a first output end or a second output end of the first Bell state light source, and the other photon is output through a third output end or a fourth output end of the second Bell state light source; one photon generated by the second Bell state light source is output through the first output end or the second output end of the second Bell state light source, and the other photon is output through the third output end or the fourth output end of the second Bell state light source; one photon generated by the space coding light source is output through a first output end or a second output end of the space coding light source, and the other photon is output through a third output end or a fourth output end of the space coding light source; wherein the first output end and the third output end of the first Bell state light source, the second Bell state light source and the space coding light source are used for outputtingState photon, second outputThe terminal and the fourth output terminal are used for outputting +.>And (3) a state photon.
The MZ interference ring is used for carrying out H gate operation on photons passing through the path of the MZ interference ring, so that the quantum state of the photons passing through the MZ interference ring evolves as follows:，/>。
in the present application, the MZ interference loop includes a first 50:50 beam splitter, an interference upper arm, an interference lower arm, a second 50:50 beam splitter, a first phase modulator and a second phase modulator, as shown in fig. 2, two ends of the interference upper arm are respectively connected to an output upper port of the first 50:50 beam splitter and an input upper port of the second 50:50 beam splitter, two ends of the interference lower arm are respectively connected to an output lower port of the first 50:50 beam splitter and an input lower port of the second 50:50 beam splitter, the first phase modulator is disposed at the input upper port of the first 50:50 beam splitter, the second phase modulator is disposed on the interference upper arm, and the phase of the first phase modulator is set as followsThe phase of the second phase modulator is set to +.>。
By modulating the phase of the first phase modulator toAnd the phase modulation of the second phase modulator is +.>The path selection and H gate operation of photons are realized. In one embodiment of the application the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator are both thermo-optic phase modulators.
The first fusion operating structure is configured to exchange a transmission path of photons output from the first MZ interference ring output upper end with a transmission path of photons output from the second MZ interference ring output upper end.
The second fusion operating structure is configured to exchange a transmission path of photons output from the third MZ interference ring output upper end with a transmission path of photons output from the first output end of the spatially encoded light source.
The single photon counting module is used for detecting and counting photons input to the single photon counting module so as to detect whether photons are input to the single photon counting module.
In order to make the present application more clear, the working principle of the quantum space encoding recoder will be described in detail with reference to fig. 3.
For ease of description and understanding, one of the photons generated by the first bell-state light source is designated as photon a, and the other photon is designated as photon b; one of the photons generated by the second Bell-state light source is named photon c, and the other photon is named photon d; one of the photons generated by the spatially encoded light source is designated photon e and the other photon is designated photon 1. The quantum state of the photon may be qubit 0 or qubit 1, and photon output paths in different quantum states are also different. A first output end and a third output end of the first Bell state light source, the second Bell state light source and the space coding light source are used for outputtingThe second output end and the fourth output end are used for outputting +>And (3) a state photon.
Based on the above designations, the transmission path between the first output end of the first bell-state light source and the first exit port is denoted as a 0a path, the transmission path between the second output end of the first bell-state light source and the second exit port is denoted as a 1a path, and the 0a path and the 1a path constitute a path a. The third output end of the first Bell state light source and the transmission path of the input upper end of the first MZ interference ring, the transmission path of the output upper end of the first MZ interference ring and the input upper end of the first fusion operation structure and the transmission path of the output upper end of the first fusion operation structure and the input upper end of the fourth MZ interference ring form a 0b path; a transmission path between the fourth output end of the first Bell state light source and the input lower end of the first MZ interference ring and a transmission path between the output lower end of the first MZ interference ring and the input lower end of the fourth MZ interference ring form a 1b path; the 0b path and the 1b path constitute a path b.
The first output end of the second Bell state light source and the transmission path of the input upper end of the second MZ interference ring, the transmission path of the output upper end of the second MZ interference ring and the input lower end of the first fusion operation structure, the transmission path of the output lower end of the first fusion operation structure and the input upper end of the third MZ interference ring, the transmission path of the output upper end of the third MZ interference ring and the input upper end of the second fusion operation structure, and the transmission path of the output upper end of the second fusion operation structure and the input upper end of the fifth MZ interference ring form a 0c path; the second output end of the second Bell state light source and the transmission path of the input lower end of the second MZ interference ring, the transmission path of the output lower end of the second MZ interference ring and the input lower end of the third MZ interference ring, and the transmission path of the output lower end of the third MZ interference ring and the input lower end of the fifth MZ interference ring form a 1c path; the 0c path and the 1c path constitute a path c. The transmission paths of the third output end and the third exit port of the second Bell state light source are marked as 0d paths, the transmission paths of the fourth output end and the fourth exit port of the second Bell state light source are marked as 1d paths, and the 0d paths and the 1d paths form a path d.
The transmission path between the first output end of the space coding light source and the input lower end of the second fusion operation structure and the transmission path between the output lower end of the second fusion operation structure and the input upper end of the sixth MZ interference ring are 0e paths, the transmission path between the second output end of the space coding light source and the input lower end of the sixth MZ interference ring is e1 paths, and the 0e paths and the 01 paths form a path e. The transmission paths of the third output end of the space coding light source and the seventh single photon counting module are 01 paths, the transmission paths of the fourth output end of the space coding light source and the eighth single photon counting module are 11 paths, and the 01 paths and the 11 paths form a path 1.
Based on the above path description, the quantum states of two pairs of entangled photons in bell states output by the first bell state light source and the second bell state light source are:
it should be noted here that the present application is a quantum space encoding recoder based on path encoding, where the subscripts of the individual quantum states in this and the following formulas represent paths.
And when the photon b output by the first Bell state light source passes through the first MZ interference ring to carry out H gate operation, the quantum state evolves as follows:；/>
and when the photon c output by the second Bell state light source passes through the second MZ interference ring to carry out H gate operation, the quantum state evolves as follows:；/>
after passing through the first MZ interference loop and the second MZ interference loop, the quantum state evolves as:
the first fusion operation structure exchanges the transmission path of the photons output from the output upper end of the first MZ interference ring with the transmission path of the photons output from the output upper end of the second MZ interference ring, referring to FIG. 3, even ifAnd->After interchange, the quantum state evolves as:
after the H gate operation is performed through the third MZ interference ring, the quantum state evolves as follows:；
for more visual expression and convenient understanding, the transmission path between the upper end of the output of the fourth MZ interference ring and the first single photon counting module is denoted as a 04 path, and the transmission path between the lower end of the output of the fourth MZ interference ring and the second single photon counting module is denoted as a 14 path, and the 04 path and the 14 path form a path 4. The transmission path of the upper end of the output of the fifth MZ interference ring and the transmission path of the third single photon counting module are marked as 03 paths, the transmission path of the lower end of the output of the fifth MZ interference ring and the transmission path of the fourth single photon counting module are marked as 13 paths, and the 03 paths and the 13 paths form a path 3. The transmission path of the upper end of the output of the sixth MZ interference ring and the transmission path of the fifth single photon counting module are marked as 02 paths, the transmission path of the lower end of the output of the sixth MZ interference ring and the transmission path of the sixth single photon counting module are marked as 12 paths, and the 02 paths and the 12 paths form a path 2. The third output end of the coded light source and the transmission path of the seventh single photon counting module are 01 paths, the fourth output end of the coded light source and the transmission path of the eighth single photon counting module are 11 paths, and the 01 paths and the 11 paths form a path 1.
Therefore, after the H-gate operation is performed through the fourth MZ interference loop, the quantum state evolves as:；/>
after passing through the third and fourth MZ interference rings, the quantum state evolves as:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,and->All represent normalized states, < >>Representing the superposition of photons simultaneously output from the third MZ interference ring and simultaneously output from the fourth MZ interference ring. />Indicating the removal of the superposition of one photon output from each of the fourth and third MZ interference rings.
The second fusion operation structure exchanges the transmission path of the photons output from the upper end of the third MZ interference ring with the transmission path of the photons output from the first output end of the coded light sourceAnd->After interchange, the quantum state evolves as follows after the second fusion operation structure:
referring to fig. 3, the initial parity-encoded states provided by the parity-encoded light source are:
after the second fusion operation structure, the quantum state evolves as:
the entire quantum state is then:
after the H gate operation is performed through the fifth MZ interference ring, the corresponding quantum state evolves as follows:；/>
after the H gate operation is performed through the sixth MZ interference ring, the corresponding quantum state evolves as follows:；/>
the entire quantum state evolves as:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,representing the superposition of only one photon on the removal paths 1, 2, 3 and 4.
From the final quantum state results, when there is one photon on paths 1, 2, 3, 4 and only one photon, there are the following 4 results on paths a and d:
the seventh single photon counting module and the eighth single photon counting module are a group of single photon counting modules, the sixth single photon counting module and the fifth single photon counting module are a group of single photon counting modules, the fourth single photon counting module and the third single photon counting module are a group of single photon counting modules, and the first single photon counting module and the second single photon counting moduleA fourth set of single photon counting modules. When four groups of single photon counting modules respond simultaneously, the quantum parity recoder realizes recoding of an input initial parity coding state. If the first single photon counting module, the third single photon counting module, the fifth single photon counting module, and the seventh single photon counting module respond simultaneously, then the parity encoded state is encoded intoApplying; when the second single photon counting module, the third single photon counting module, the sixth single photon counting module and the seventh single photon counting module respond simultaneously, then the parity encoding state is encoded to +.>And are not listed here. Thus, for an initial parity encoding state, the probability of success of re-encoding is (1/8) 2 * 4=1/16. I.e. the recoding probability of the initial parity coding state is 1/16 based on the realization of the parity coding recoder of the application.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, or a parallel manner, or a combination of progressive and parallel manners, and each embodiment is mainly described as a difference from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such article or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in an article or apparatus that comprises such element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. The quantum space coding recoder is characterized by comprising two Bell state light sources, a space coding light source, six MZ interference rings, two fusion operation structures, eight single photon counting modules and four emergent ports, wherein the two Bell state light sources are respectively a first Bell state light source and a second Bell state light source, the six MZ interference rings are respectively a first MZ interference ring, a second MZ interference ring, a third MZ interference ring, a fourth MZ interference ring, a fifth MZ interference ring and a sixth MZ interference ring, the two fusion operation structures are respectively a first fusion operation structure and a second fusion operation structure, and the eight single photon counting modules are respectively a first single photon counting module, a second single photon counting module, a third single photon counting module, a fourth single photon counting module, a fifth single photon counting module, a sixth single photon counting module, a seventh single photon counting module and an eighth single photon counting module, and the four emergent ports are respectively a first port, a second emergent port, a third emergent port and a fourth emergent port;
the first Bell state light source, the second Bell state light source and the space-name coded light source all comprise four output ends; the MZ interference ring and the fusion operation structure are provided with two input ends and two output ends;
a first output end of the first Bell state light source is connected with the first emergent port, a second output end of the first Bell state light source is connected with the second emergent port, a third output end of the first Bell state light source is connected with the input upper end of the first MZ interference ring, and a fourth output end of the first Bell state light source is connected with the input lower end of the first MZ interference ring;
the first output end of the second Bell state light source is connected with the input upper end of the second MZ interference ring, the second output end of the second Bell state light source is connected with the input lower end of the second MZ interference ring, the third output end of the second Bell state light source is connected with the third emergent port, and the fourth output end of the second Bell state light source is connected with the fourth emergent port;
the first output end of the space-name coded light source is connected with the input lower end of the second fusion operation structure, the second output end of the space-name coded light source is connected with the input lower end of the sixth MZ interference ring, the third output end of the space-name coded light source is connected with the seventh single-photon counting module, and the fourth output end of the space-name coded light source is connected with the eighth single-photon counting module;
the input upper end of the first fusion operation structure is connected with the output upper end of the first MZ interference ring, the input lower end of the first fusion operation structure is connected with the output upper end of the second MZ interference ring, the output upper end of the first fusion operation structure is connected with the input upper end of the fourth MZ interference ring, and the output lower end of the first fusion operation structure is connected with the input upper end of the third MZ interference ring;
the input lower end of the third MZ interference ring is connected with the output lower end of the second MZ interference ring, the output upper end of the third MZ interference ring is connected with the input upper end of the second fusion operation structure, and the output lower end of the third MZ interference ring is connected with the input lower end of the fifth MZ interference ring;
the input lower end of the fourth MZ interference ring is connected with the output lower end of the first MZ interference ring, the output upper end of the fourth MZ interference ring is connected with the first single photon counting module, and the output lower end of the fourth MZ interference ring is connected with the second single photon counting module;
the input upper end of the fifth MZ interference ring is connected with the output upper end of the second fusion operation structure, the output upper end of the fifth MZ interference ring is connected with the third single photon counting module, and the output lower end of the fifth MZ interference ring is connected with the fourth single photon counting module;
the input upper end of the sixth MZ interference ring is connected with the output lower end of the second fusion operation structure, the output upper end of the sixth MZ interference ring is connected with the fifth single photon counting module, and the output lower end of the sixth MZ interference ring is connected with the sixth single photon counting module;
the first Bell state light source and the second Bell state lightThe sources are each configured to generate a pair of photons in the bell state, and the quantum states of the bell state photons are:；
the space-coded light source is configured to provide a pair of photons that have been initially space-coded in the following initial space-coded states:；
one photon generated by the first Bell state light source is output through a first output end or a second output end of the first Bell state light source, and the other photon is output through a third output end or a fourth output end of the first Bell state light source; one photon generated by the second Bell state light source is output through a first output end or a second output end of the second Bell state light source, and the other photon is output through a third output end or a fourth output end of the second Bell state light source; one photon generated by the space-name coded light source is output through a first output end or a second output end of the space-name coded light source, and the other photon is output through a third output end or a fourth output end of the space-name coded light source; wherein the first, second and third output ends of the first, second and third Bell state light sources are used for outputtingThe second output end and the fourth output end are used for outputting +>A state photon;
the MZ interference ring is used for carrying out H gate operation on photons passing through the path of the MZ interference ring, so that the quantum state of the photons passing through the MZ interference ring evolves as follows:，/>；
the first fusion operation structure is used for exchanging a transmission path of photons output from the upper end of the first MZ interference ring with a transmission path of photons output from the upper end of the second MZ interference ring;
the second fusion operation structure is used for exchanging a transmission path of photons output from the upper end of the third MZ interference ring with a transmission path of photons output from the first output end of the space-coded light source;
the single photon counting module is used for detecting and counting photons input to the single photon counting module.
2. The quantum-space encoding recoder of claim 1, wherein the MZ interference loop comprises a first 50:50 beamsplitter, an interference upper arm, an interference lower arm, a second 50:50 beamsplitter, a first phase modulator and a second phase modulator, two ends of the interference upper arm are respectively connected with an output upper port of the first 50:50 beamsplitter and an input upper port of the second 50:50 beamsplitter, two ends of the interference lower arm are respectively connected with an output lower port of the first 50:50 beamsplitter and an input lower port of the second 50:50 beamsplitter, the first phase modulator is disposed at the input upper port of the first 50:50 beamsplitter, the second phase modulator is disposed on the interference upper arm, and the phase of the first phase modulator is disposed asThe phase of the second phase modulator is set to +.>。
3. The quantum space coding recoder of claim 2, wherein the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator are thermo-optic phase modulators.
4. A quantum space coding recoder as recited in any one of claims 1-3 in which two of said bell state light sources, said space coding light sources, six of said MZ interference rings, two of said fusion operations structures, eight of said single photon counting modules, and four of said exit ports are integrally fabricated on a substrate by a monolithic integration process.
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