CN116590598A - 一种出口美标ss热轧高强钢轨的制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种出口美标ss热轧高强钢轨的制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种出口美标SS热轧高强钢轨的制备工艺，包括：炼钢生产工艺：铁水→转炉冶炼→LF精炼→VD真空脱气→连铸；钢轨轧制工艺：方坯→加热→BD1轧制→BD2轧制→CCS万能轧机连轧→预弯冷却→矫直。本发明的目的是提供一种出口美标SS热轧高强钢轨的制备工艺，制备具有良好强度和韧性配比及优异的耐磨钢轨，使其可应用高寒地区环境中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料领域，尤其涉及一种出口美标SS热轧高强钢轨的制备工艺。
背景技术
我国是世界上重要的钢轨制造和技术先进的国家，每年钢轨出口海外在三十万吨以上。作为铁路用主要材料，钢轨性能指标主要为强度和耐磨硬度。各国采购的标准中也主要规定强度和硬度。美标AREMA作为世界主要的钢轨标准之一，是北美洲、南美洲铁路及东南亚部分国家铁路修建采购钢轨的主要标准。AREMA标准中钢轨成分体系为C-Mn钢，材料碳含量在0.70％以上，通过高的碳含量来达到材料的强度和硬度，满足铁路用的耐磨性和服役性，但技术标准中对材料韧性也提出较高的要求。比如标准强度等级SS钢轨，硬度要求≥310HB，伸长率要求≥10％。相比国内同等级钢轨，钢种严格限制V等提高韧性合金元素加入量，且拉伸试样尺寸要求直径大，影响性能合格率。因此结合线路服役要求和使用寿命，为了保证强度和硬度的同时，需要优化高强钢轨化学成分，合理控制生产过程中工艺，保证高强热轧钢轨硬度和韧性同时符合标准，提高生产钢轨的合格率，对增强企业经济效益和提高技术研究能力具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种出口美标SS热轧高强钢轨的制备工艺，制备具有良好强度和韧性配比及优异的耐磨钢轨，使其可应用高寒地区环境中。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明一种出口美标SS热轧高强钢轨的制备工艺，包括：
炼钢生产工艺：铁水→转炉冶炼→LF精炼→VD真空脱气→连铸；转炉冶炼采用无铝脱氧合金化，全过程按精炼正常吹氩；真空度≤0.10KPa，深真空时间≥18min，过热度ΔT≤30℃；连铸坯锯切后缓冷48小时；
钢轨轧制工艺：方坯→加热→BD1轧制→BD2轧制→CCS万能轧机连轧→预弯冷却→矫直；其方坯加热预热段温度不大于900℃；加热时长不小于3小时；出炉温度为不低于1150℃，开轧温度≥1100℃，终轧温度910～940℃；预弯冷却开始温度850℃～900℃，冷却过程中冷床步距不小于580mm；钢轨拉伸检验试样放置24小时以上进行。
进一步的，所述高强钢轨的质量百分比的化学成分包括：C 0.74～0.86％；Si0.35～0.60％；Mn 1.10～1.25％；P≤0.015％；S≤0.015％；Cr 0.20～0.30％，Ni≤0.015％，Mo≤0.06％；其余为Fe，质量分数共计为100％。
进一步的，所述高强钢轨的质量百分比的化学成分包括：C 0.79％；Si 0.55％；Mn1.15％；P 0.012％；S 0.008％；Cr 0.22％，Ni 0.11％，Mo 0.02％；其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质，质量分数共计为100％。
进一步的，所述高强钢轨的质量百分比的化学成分包括：C 0.80％；Si 0.54％；Mn1.13％；P 0.014％；S 0.006％；Cr 0.23％，Ni 0.12％，Mo 0.03％；其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质，质量分数共计为100％。
进一步的，所述高强钢轨的质量百分比的化学成分包括：C 0.79％；Si 0.56％；Mn1.15％；P 0.013％；S 0.004％；Cr 0.25％，Ni 0.13％，Mo 0.02％；其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质，质量分数共计为100％。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益技术效果：
本发明设计一种出口美标SS高强热轧钢轨的制备工艺，涉及热轧后冷却工艺，通过增加冷却步距，提高和控制各段冷却速度和温度，细化钢轨内部微观组织，提高钢轨强度、硬度的同时保证钢轨通长尺寸性。再通过制定拉伸试样自然时效时间，进一步提高钢轨韧性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
制备钢轨材料的化学成分各实例化学成分如表1所示。
表1各实例成分(质量百分数/％)
钢轨终轧和冷却工艺具体实例如表2所示。
表2钢轨材料冷却工艺实例
钢材试样性能：其中拉伸试样规格为，直径d0＝12.5mm，标距Lo＝5do。轨头顶面磨去0.5mm，测试点5个，进行布氏硬度测试，计算平均值，试验温度为20℃土5℃，以上试样性能取样方法和位置及尺寸按照AREMA标准，实验结果如表3所示。
表3各实例力学性能
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述，并非对本发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种出口美标SS热轧高强钢轨的制备工艺，其特征在于，包括：
炼钢生产工艺：铁水→转炉冶炼→LF精炼→VD真空脱气→连铸；转炉冶炼采用无铝脱氧合金化，全过程按精炼正常吹氩；真空度≤0.10KPa，深真空时间≥18min，过热度ΔT≤30℃；连铸坯锯切后缓冷48小时；
钢轨轧制工艺：方坯→加热→BD1轧制→BD2轧制→CCS万能轧机连轧→预弯冷却→矫直；其方坯加热预热段温度不大于900℃；加热时长不小于3小时；出炉温度为不低于1150℃，开轧温度≥1100℃，终轧温度910～940℃；预弯冷却开始温度850℃～900℃，冷却过程中冷床步距不小于580mm；钢轨拉伸检验试样放置24小时以上进行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的出口美标SS热轧高强钢轨的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述高强钢轨的质量百分比的化学成分包括：C 0.74～0.86％；Si 0.35～0.60％；Mn 1.10～1.25％；P≤0.015％；S≤0.015％；Cr 0.20～0.30％，Ni≤0.015％，Mo≤0.06％；其余为Fe，质量分数共计为100％。
3.根据权利要求2所述的出口美标SS热轧高强钢轨的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述高强钢轨的质量百分比的化学成分包括：C 0.79％；Si 0.55％；Mn 1.15％；P 0.012％；S0.008％；Cr 0.22％，Ni 0.11％，Mo 0.02％；其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质，质量分数共计为100％。
4.根据权利要求2所述的出口美标SS热轧高强钢轨的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述高强钢轨的质量百分比的化学成分包括：C 0.80％；Si 0.54％；Mn 1.13％；P 0.014％；S0.006％；Cr 0.23％，Ni 0.12％，Mo 0.03％；其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质，质量分数共计为100％。
5.根据权利要求2所述的出口美标SS热轧高强钢轨的制备工艺，其特征在于，所述高强钢轨的质量百分比的化学成分包括：C 0.79％；Si 0.56％；Mn 1.15％；
P 0.013％；S 0.004％；Cr 0.25％，Ni 0.13％，Mo 0.02％；其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质，质量分数共计为100％。
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| CN112410659A (zh) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-26 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 轨头硬化层具有均匀硬度梯度的珠光体钢轨及其制备方法 |
| CN112410649A (zh) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-26 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 一种珠光体钢轨及其制备方法 |
| CN113789473A (zh) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-14 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种高速铁路小半径曲线用高强耐磨钢轨及其生产方法 |
| CN115921524A (zh) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-04-07 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | 一种出口热轧高强钢轨的生产工艺 |
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| CN112410659A (zh) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-26 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 轨头硬化层具有均匀硬度梯度的珠光体钢轨及其制备方法 |
| CN112410649A (zh) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-02-26 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 一种珠光体钢轨及其制备方法 |
| CN113789473A (zh) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-14 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种高速铁路小半径曲线用高强耐磨钢轨及其生产方法 |
| CN115921524A (zh) * | 2022-12-02 | 2023-04-07 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | 一种出口热轧高强钢轨的生产工艺 |
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