CN116574200A - Tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery method and device - Google Patents
Tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN116574200A CN116574200A CN202310655715.XA CN202310655715A CN116574200A CN 116574200 A CN116574200 A CN 116574200A CN 202310655715 A CN202310655715 A CN 202310655715A CN 116574200 A CN116574200 A CN 116574200A
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- 241001506047 Tremella Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003544 deproteinization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013376 functional food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical class CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013402 health food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/10—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
- B02C23/12—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone with return of oversize material to crushing or disintegrating zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/10—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with a roller co-operating with a stationary member
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery, in particular to a tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery method and device, wherein the extraction and recovery device comprises a base, a storage box is arranged in the base, a screening mechanism is arranged right above the storage box, a grinding barrel is arranged above the screening mechanism, a grinding column is arranged in the grinding barrel, a hopper is arranged on the grinding barrel, the grinding column is connected with a recovery device, and the recovery device comprises: carousel, carousel connect grinding drum one end soon to three group's material ways that the equiangle set up on the carousel to and, the shovel claw that feeds through the material way, shovel claw welding is on the outer lane of carousel, sets up the arc in the base and accomodates the groove, and screening mechanism includes screening net, and screening net is located grinding drum other end below, and screening net is used for screening tremella residue, because screening net is the slope, consequently screening net only need select unqualified powder granule, and unqualified powder granule will fall to the arc and accomodate the inslot, avoids screening net's screening efficiency to receive the influence.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery, and particularly relates to a tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery method and device.
Background
At present, most tremella sold in the market is unprocessed tremella dried product, the utilization rate of nutritional ingredients is low, the added value of the product is small, and the economic value and market potential of tremella cannot be reflected. Therefore, how to reasonably utilize tremella resources and research the efficient extraction method of tremella polysaccharide adopts more economical and practical technical means, provides high-quality tremella polysaccharide for industries such as health-care food, functional food, cosmetics, biological medicine and the like, is the development direction of tremella deep processing, and has wide market prospect.
Publication number CN106905440a is a new method for extracting tremella polysaccharide: the dry tremella is selected, subjected to superfine grinding, decolorization by ethanol and impurity removal, and then is leached by low-temperature water to obtain cold water soluble polysaccharide leaching solution and cold water insoluble tremella residues; concentrating cold water soluble polysaccharide extract, adding sevage reagent to remove protein, adding quaternary ammonium salt solution to complex and precipitate, dissolving precipitate in sodium chloride solution to remove insoluble substances, concentrating, precipitating with ethanol, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain water soluble high molecular weight tremella polysaccharide which can be used as natural moisturizing material or substituted hyaluronic acid for use in the fields of beauty cosmetics and biological medicine; the cold water insoluble tremella residue still contains a large amount of hot water soluble polysaccharide and insoluble colloid polysaccharide, and the tremella residue is obtained after drying and crushing, and can be used as an additive of health food, functional food or common food.
According to the scheme, the obtained tremella residues are sequentially subjected to tremella residue draining, vacuum drying, crushing and sieving to obtain powder-like tremella residues, firstly, the crushing and sieving steps are performed through the crushing and grinding device, the device integrates grinding and sieving, the processing efficiency of tremella residues is improved, a large number of powder-like granules which are not in specification are continuously sieved on a screen of the device, workers manually input the powder-like granules which are not in specification into the device again for secondary grinding, the powder-like granules which are not in specification are sieved on the screen are simultaneously processed according to the discovery and processing principle, the labor cannot be synchronized with the screen, and once the powder-like granules which are not in specification are accumulated on the screen, the sieving efficiency of the screen is influenced; therefore, the invention provides a tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery method and device.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem presented in the background art is solved.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery method, which comprises the following steps:
step one: superfine grinding: selecting clean and disease-free dried tremella, preparing coarse powder, and continuously crushing by using a superfine crusher to obtain superfine tremella powder;
step two: decoloring and removing impurities: adding 70-100% wt of ethanol into the tremella ultrafine powder obtained in the step one for leaching, filtering, and removing polyphenol, fat and pigment micromolecular impurities to obtain decolorized and impurity-removed tremella ultrafine powder;
step three: leaching at low temperature: adding deionized water into the superfine tremella powder obtained in the step two for low-temperature extraction, wherein the extraction temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃, and centrifuging to obtain cold water-soluble polysaccharide extract and cold water-insoluble tremella residues;
step four: deproteinization: concentrating the polysaccharide leaching solution obtained in the step three, adding sevage reagent into the concentrated solution, fully stirring, standing for layering, and collecting an upper polysaccharide solution;
step five: purifying and refining: adding the polysaccharide solution obtained in the step four into a quaternary ammonium salt solution to carry out complexation precipitation, dissolving the precipitate in a sodium chloride solution, removing insoluble matters, concentrating supernatant until the sugar is nearly saturated, and obtaining water-soluble high-molecular-weight tremella polysaccharide after alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying;
step six: and (3) carrying out vacuum drying on the tremella residues obtained in the step (III), and then carrying out crushing and grinding by a grinding device to obtain powdery tremella residues.
Preferably, a tremella polysaccharide draws recovery unit, the device is applicable to foretell a tremella polysaccharide and draws recovery method, including the base, set up the receiver in the base, set up screening mechanism directly over the receiver, the screening mechanism top sets up the grinding vat, sets up the grinding post in the grinding vat, sets up the hopper on the grinding vat, and recovery unit is connected to the grinding post, and recovery unit includes: the rotary table is rotationally connected with one end of the grinding barrel, three groups of material channels are arranged on the rotary table at equal angles, and shovel claws communicated with the material channels are welded on the outer ring of the rotary table, arc-shaped storage grooves are arranged in the base and used for collecting larger granular powder particles which are not in accordance with the specification, the screening mechanism comprises a screening net, the screening net is positioned below the other end of the grinding barrel and used for screening tremella residues;
because the screening net is inclined, the screening net only screens unqualified powder particles, and the unqualified powder particles can fall into the arc-shaped storage groove, so that the screening efficiency of the screening net is prevented from being influenced.
Preferably, the recovery device further comprises: the driving shaft is rotatably connected to the middle part of the turntable, a first gear fixedly arranged on the driving shaft, a second gear meshed with the first gear, a toothed ring meshed with the second gear, and a bracket, wherein the second gear and the driving shaft are rotatably connected to the bracket, the bracket is fixed at one end of the base, the toothed ring is fixed on one side surface of the turntable, and one end of the driving shaft is fixedly connected with the grinding column;
the pivoted drive shaft drives the grinding column and rotates, and the drive shaft loops through first gear, second gear rotation, ring gear messenger carousel rotation simultaneously to realize above-mentioned automatic recovery and regrinding to unqualified powder granule, secondly first gear, second gear, ring gear three external diameter increase in proper order, consequently the rotational speed of ring gear and carousel is far below the rotational speed of grinding column, thereby gives unqualified powder granule and carries out the time of gathering in the arc storage tank, makes shovel claw can once take away a lot of unqualified powder granule.
Preferably, the recovery device further comprises: vibration mechanism, vibration mechanism is used for beating the carousel, and vibration mechanism includes: the device comprises a hinged shaft, a tripod, a knocking ball, six groups of extrusion blocks, springs, six groups of extrusion blocks, a driving shaft, a support, a spring, a reverse inclined plane and a reverse inclined plane, wherein the hinged shaft is connected to the support in a rotary mode;
the driving shaft drives the six groups of extrusion blocks to rotate together, the ends of one group of extrusion blocks slide against the inverted inclined plane on the tripod, the ends of one group of extrusion blocks extrude the inverted inclined plane, the tripod deflects by taking the hinge shaft as the axis, meanwhile, the tripod drives the knocking ball to be separated from contact with one side surface of the turntable, the spring is stretched until the ends of one group of extrusion blocks stagger the inverted inclined plane, the tripod deflects backwards under the rebound force of the spring, the knocking ball impacts one side surface of the turntable, the turntable and the shovel claw vibrate due to the impact, the turntable and the shovel claw continuously pass through the inverted inclined plane along with the six groups of shovel claws to generate continuous vibration, and powder particles are not easy to adhere to the inner wall of the material channel and the shovel claw due to the vibration.
Preferably, the screening mechanism further comprises: the screening device comprises a frame, a screening net, a support plate, rectangular holes, a receiving rod, four groups of guide posts, grinding posts and four groups of through holes, wherein the screening net is fixed in the frame, the support plate is fixedly arranged at one end of the frame, the rectangular holes are formed in the support plate, the receiving rod is connected with the rectangular holes in a sliding mode, the four groups of guide posts are symmetrically fixed at two sides of the frame, the receiving rod is fixedly connected with the grinding posts, the four groups of through holes are symmetrically formed in two sides of a base, and the guide posts are connected with the through holes in a sliding mode;
the pivoted takes over the pole and slides along the rectangular hole to the take over the pole and make frame round trip movement through the rectangular hole, the frame drives the guide pillar and slides along the through-hole, and the frame drives screening net round trip movement, makes the dust particle that is located on the screening net constantly rock, not only accelerates the screening net to dust particle screening, accelerates unqualified dust particle landing to arc simultaneously and accomodates the inslot.
Preferably, the linkage shovel claw storage box consists of a box body and a handle, a placing groove is formed in one side of the base, and the box body is inserted into the placing groove;
qualified powder particles fall into the box body through the screening net, and because the box body is movably inserted into the placing groove, workers can realize the installation and the disassembly of the box body in a drawing mode by grabbing the handle.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the rotary table is driven to rotate clockwise, the rotary table rotates together with the three groups of shovel claws, the rotating shovel claws enter the arc storage groove, along with the shovel claws slide along with the arc storage groove, unqualified powder particles accumulated in the arc storage groove enter the shovel claws until the shovel claws are separated from the arc storage groove, along with the continued rotation of the shovel claws, the unqualified powder particles slide into the material channel from the inner cavity of the shovel claws, and along with the rotation of the rotary table, the material channel is communicated with the feed back opening, the unqualified powder particles in the material channel flow back into the grinding barrel through the feed back opening, so that the unqualified powder particles accumulated in the arc storage groove are continuously flow back into the grinding barrel along with the continuous rotation of the rotary table, automatic recovery and regrinding of the unqualified powder particles are realized, and secondly, as long as the screening net is inclined, the unqualified powder particles are screened out, the unqualified powder particles fall into the arc storage groove, and the screening efficiency of the screening net is prevented from being influenced.
2. Through motor drive axle rotation, pivoted drive axle drives the grinding post and rotates, and the drive axle loops through first gear, second gear rotation, ring gear messenger carousel rotation simultaneously to realize above-mentioned automatic recovery and regrinding to unqualified powder granule, second first gear, second gear, ring gear three external diameter increase in proper order, consequently the rotational speed of ring gear and carousel is far below the rotational speed of grinding post, thereby gives unqualified powder granule and carries out the time of gathering in the arc storage tank, makes shovel claw can once take away a lot of unqualified powder granule.
3. The driving shaft drives the six groups of extrusion blocks to rotate together, the ends of one group of extrusion blocks slide against the inverted inclined plane on the tripod, the ends of one group of extrusion blocks extrude the inverted inclined plane, the tripod deflects by taking the hinge shaft as the axis, meanwhile, the tripod drives the knocking ball to be separated from contact with one side surface of the turntable, the spring is stretched until the ends of one group of extrusion blocks stagger the inverted inclined plane, the tripod deflects back until the knocking ball impacts one side surface of the turntable under the rebound force of the spring, the turntable and the shovel claw vibrate due to the impact, the knocking ball continuously impacts one side surface of the turntable along with the six groups of shovel claws passing through the inverted inclined plane, so that the turntable and the shovel claw continuously vibrate, and powder particles are not easy to adhere to the inner wall of the material channel and the shovel claw due to the vibration.
4. In the grinding column rotation process, the grinding column drives the receiving rod to rotate, the rotating receiving rod slides along the rectangular hole, the receiving rod enables the frame to move back and forth through the rectangular hole, the frame drives the guide post to slide along the through hole, and the frame drives the screening net to move back and forth, so that dust particles on the screening net continuously shake, the screening net is accelerated to screen the dust particles, and meanwhile unqualified dust particles are accelerated to slide into the arc storage groove.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a combination of a base, a grinding drum, and a recycling apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a recovery apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a combination of a turntable, a drive shaft, and a vibration mechanism in cross section according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a combination of a base, a screening mechanism, a cross-sectional grinding drum, a grinding column, and a drive shaft of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a combination of a base, a storage box, a frame and a screening net according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a base; 101. an arc-shaped storage groove; 102. a through hole; 103. a placement groove; 2. a storage box; 201. a case body; 202. a handle; 3. a screening mechanism; 4. a grinding barrel; 401. reinforcing ribs; 402. a feed back port; 5. grinding the column; 6. a hopper; 7. a recovery device; 701. a turntable; 702. a material channel; 703. a shovel claw; 704. a drive shaft; 705. a first gear; 706. a second gear; 707. a toothed ring; 708. a bracket; 709. a vibration mechanism; 7091. a hinge shaft; 7092. a tripod; 921. an inverted slope; 7093. striking a ball; 7094. extruding a block; 7095. a spring; 301. a frame; 302. screening a net; 303. a support plate; 304. a rectangular hole; 305. a receiving rod; 306. and (5) a guide post.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following detailed description in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
Example 1
The tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step one: superfine grinding: selecting clean and disease-free dried tremella, preparing coarse powder, and continuously crushing by using a superfine crusher to obtain superfine tremella powder;
step two: decoloring and removing impurities: adding 70-100% wt of ethanol into the tremella ultrafine powder obtained in the step one for leaching, filtering, and removing polyphenol, fat and pigment micromolecular impurities to obtain decolorized and impurity-removed tremella ultrafine powder;
step three: leaching at low temperature: adding deionized water into the superfine tremella powder obtained in the step two for low-temperature extraction, wherein the extraction temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃, and centrifuging to obtain cold water-soluble polysaccharide extract and cold water-insoluble tremella residues;
step four: deproteinization: concentrating the polysaccharide leaching solution obtained in the step three, adding sevage reagent into the concentrated solution, fully stirring, standing for layering, and collecting an upper polysaccharide solution;
step five: purifying and refining: adding the polysaccharide solution obtained in the step four into a quaternary ammonium salt solution to carry out complexation precipitation, dissolving the precipitate in a sodium chloride solution, removing insoluble matters, concentrating supernatant until the sugar is nearly saturated, and obtaining water-soluble high-molecular-weight tremella polysaccharide after alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying;
step six: and (3) carrying out vacuum drying on the tremella residues obtained in the step (III), and then carrying out crushing and grinding by a grinding device to obtain powdery tremella residues.
Specifically, wherein grinder forms the friction to the tremella residue mainly through grinding post and grinding barrel inner wall, realizes the grinding to the tremella residue, and the rethread screen cloth screens the powder after the grinding.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a tremella polysaccharide draws recovery unit, the device is applicable to the above-mentioned tremella polysaccharide and draws recovery method, including base 1, set up receiver 2 in the base 1, set up screening mechanism 3 directly over receiver 2, screening mechanism 3 top sets up grinding vat 4, sets up grinding column 5 in the grinding vat 4, sets up hopper 6 on the grinding vat 4, and recovery unit 7 is connected to grinding column 5, and recovery unit 7 includes: the carousel 701, carousel 701 connects grinding drum 4 one end soon, and three group material ways 702 of equiangular setting on carousel 701 to and, the shovel claw 703 of intercommunication material way 702, shovel claw 703 welding is on the outer circle of carousel 701, sets up arc in the base 1 and accomodates groove 101, and arc accomodates groove 101 and is used for collecting the great powder grain of not meeting the specification of granule, and screening mechanism 3 includes screening net 302, and screening net 302 is located grinding drum 4 other end below, and screening net 302 is used for screening the tremella residue.
Specifically, four groups of reinforcing ribs 401 are welded on two sides of the grinding barrel 4, the reinforcing ribs 401 are fixed at the edge of the base 1, a feed back opening 402 is formed in the end part of the grinding barrel 4, which is screwed with the rotary disc 701, the screening net 302 is obliquely suspended below the other end of the grinding barrel 4, the grinding barrel 4 is obliquely suspended above the base 1, when tremella residues are required to be ground, tremella residues are placed in the hopper 6, tremella residues fall into the grinding barrel 4 through the hopper 6, the grinding column 5 is driven to rotate, the grinding column 5 is rotated to grind tremella residues, as the grinding barrel 4 is inclined, the ground tremella residues fall onto the screening net 302 in an oblique direction along the grinding barrel 4, powder residues are screened through the screening net 302, qualified powder particles fall into the storage box 2 through the screening net 302 in an oblique direction, unqualified powder particles fall into the arc storage groove 101 in an oblique direction along the screening net 302, then the rotary table 701 is driven to rotate clockwise, the rotary table 701 rotates together with the three groups of shovel claws 703, the rotating shovel claws 703 enter the arc-shaped storage groove 101, as the shovel claws 703 slide against the arc-shaped storage groove 101, the unqualified powder particles accumulated in the arc-shaped storage groove 101 enter the shovel claws 703 until the shovel claws 703 are separated from the arc-shaped storage groove 101, as the shovel claws 703 continue to rotate, the unqualified powder particles slide into the material channel 702 from the inner cavities of the shovel claws 703, and as the rotary table 701 rotates, the material channel 702 is communicated with the material return opening 402, the unqualified powder particles in the material channel 702 flow back into the grinding barrel 4 through the material return opening 402, so as to realize automatic recovery and regrinding of the unqualified powder particles as the rotary table 701 rotates continuously, the unqualified powder particles accumulated in the arc-shaped storage groove 101 are continuously flow back into the grinding barrel 4, secondly, since the screening net 302 is inclined, as long as the screening net 302 screens out unqualified powder particles, the unqualified powder particles fall into the arc-shaped storage groove 101, so that the screening efficiency of the screening net 302 is prevented from being influenced.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the recovery device 7 further includes: the driving shaft 704, the driving shaft 704 are screwed on the middle part of the rotary table 701, a first gear 705 fixedly arranged on the driving shaft 704, a second gear 706 meshed with the first gear 705, a toothed ring 707 meshed with the second gear 706, and a bracket 708, wherein the second gear 706 and the driving shaft 704 are screwed on the bracket 708, the bracket 708 is fixed on one end of the base 1, the toothed ring 707 is fixed on one side surface of the rotary table 701, and one end of the driving shaft 704 is fixedly connected with the grinding column 5.
Specifically, when the above-mentioned drive grinds post 5 grinds the tremella residue, firstly, drive the drive shaft 704 through the motor to rotate, the pivoted drive shaft 704 drives grinds post 5 to rotate, simultaneously drive shaft 704 drives first gear 705 to rotate, first gear 705 drives second gear 706 to rotate, second gear 706 drives ring gear 707 and rotates along with carousel 701, thereby realize above-mentioned automatic recovery and regrinding to unqualified powder granule, secondly first gear 705, second gear 706, ring gear 707 external diameter increase in proper order, therefore ring gear 707 and carousel 701's rotational speed is far lower than grinding post 5's rotational speed, thereby give unqualified powder granule and carry out the time of gathering in arc storage tank 101, make shovel claw 703 take away a lot of unqualified powder granule once.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the recovery device 7 further includes: a vibration mechanism 709, the vibration mechanism 709 being used to strike the turntable 701, the vibration mechanism 709 comprising: the hinge shaft 7091 is rotatably connected to the bracket 708, the tripod 7092 is fixedly connected with the hinge shaft 7091, the knocking ball 7093 is fixed to the upper end of the tripod 7092, six groups of extrusion blocks 7094 are arranged below the tripod 7092, the spring 7095 is fixed to the inside of the tripod 7092, the knocking ball 7093 is tightly attached to one side face of the rotary disc 701, the six groups of extrusion blocks 7094 are distributed on the driving shaft 704 in an equal angle mode, one end of the spring 7095 is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the bracket 708, the other end of the spring 7095 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the tripod 7092, an inverted inclined face 921 is arranged at one end of the tripod 7092, and the end portions of the group of extrusion blocks 7094 are attached to the inverted inclined face 921.
Specifically, the powder particles of tremella residues are relatively small in volume, so that the powder particles have certain adhesion force to the material channel 702 and the inner wall of the shovel claw 703, a small amount of powder particles are adhered to the material channel 702 and the inner wall of the shovel claw 703 each time, the collection of the powder particles is increased along with the material channel 702 and the inner wall of the shovel claw 703, the efficiency of taking away the powder particles by the shovel claw 703 is affected, and meanwhile, the powder particles pass through the material channel 702, therefore, in the rotation process of the motor-driven driving shaft 704, the driving shaft 704 simultaneously drives six groups of extrusion blocks 7094 to rotate together, the ends of one group of extrusion blocks 7094 slide against the inverted inclined surface 921 on the tripod 7092, the ends of one group of extrusion blocks 7094 extrude the inverted inclined surface 921, the tripod 7092 deflects around the hinge shaft 7091, meanwhile, the tripod 7092 drives the balls 7093 to be separated from contact with one side surface of the turntable 701, and the springs 7095 are stretched until the ends of one group of extrusion blocks 7094 stagger the inclined surface 921, the elastic force of the springs 7095 is acted on the side of the impact surfaces, the tripod 7092 is easy to deflect, the balls 7093 are enabled to impact one side of the turntable 7093, the one group of extrusion blocks and the turntable 7093 and the six groups of extrusion blocks are enabled to continuously vibrate along with the shovel claw 703, and the impact the inner wall of the turntable 703, and the powder particles are enabled to continuously vibrate along with the shovel claw 703, and the impact the turntable 703, and the impact the one side surface is continuously, and the vibration is enabled to vibrate along with the shovel claw 703.
As shown in fig. 6, the screening mechanism 3 further includes: the frame 301, the screening net 302 is fixed in the frame 301, the extension board 303 of fixed mounting in frame 301 one end, offer rectangular hole 304 on extension board 303, the holding rod 305 of sliding connection rectangular hole 304 to and four sets of guide pillar 306 of symmetry fixing in frame 301 both sides, holding rod 305 fixed connection grinding column 5, four sets of through-holes 102 are offered to base 1 both sides symmetry, guide pillar 306 sliding connection through-hole 102.
Specifically, the axis of the receiving rod 305 and the axis of the grinding column 5 are not in the same straight line, under the condition that the screening net 302 does not move, dust particles naturally fall onto the screening net 302, friction exists between the dust particles and the screening net 302, so that the speed of the unqualified dust particles sliding into the arc-shaped storage groove 101 is affected, and the screening efficiency of the screening net 302 on the dust particles is reduced, therefore, in the rotating process of the grinding column 5, the grinding column 5 drives the receiving rod 305 to rotate, the rotating receiving rod 305 slides along the rectangular hole 304, the receiving rod 305 enables the frame 301 to move back and forth through the rectangular hole 304, the frame 301 drives the guide post 306 to slide along the through hole 102, and the frame 301 drives the screening net 302 to move back and forth, so that the dust particles on the screening net 302 continuously shake, the screening net 302 is not only accelerated, but also the unqualified dust particles are accelerated to slide into the arc-shaped storage groove 101.
Example III
As shown in fig. 7, in comparative example one, another embodiment of the present invention is: the storage box 2 consists of a box body 201 and a handle 202, wherein a placing groove 103 is formed in one side of the base 1, and the box body 201 is inserted into the placing groove 103.
Specifically, qualified powder particles fall into the box body 201 through the screening net 302, and because the box body 201 is movably inserted into the placing groove 103, a worker can install and detach the box body 201 in a drawing mode by grasping the handle 202.
The working principle is that the tremella residues are put into the hopper 6, the tremella residues fall into the grinding barrel 4 through the hopper 6, the driving shaft 704 is driven by the motor to rotate, the rotating driving shaft 704 drives the grinding column 5 to rotate, the grinding column 5 is rotated to grind the tremella residues, the ground tremella residues flow down onto the screening net 302 along the grinding barrel 4 in an inclined way, the screening net 302 screens the powdery tremella residues, qualified powder particles fall into the storage box 2 through the screening net 302, unqualified powder particles roll down into the arc-shaped storage groove 101 along the screening net 302, meanwhile, the driving shaft 704 drives the first gear 705 to rotate, the first gear 705 drives the second gear 706 to rotate, the second gear 706 drives the toothed ring 707 to rotate together with the rotary table 701, the rotary table 701 rotates together with the three groups of shovel claws 703, the rotary shovel claws 703 enter the arc-shaped storage groove 101, as the spade claw 703 slides against the arc-shaped receiving groove 101, the unqualified powder particles accumulated in the arc-shaped receiving groove 101 enter the spade claw 703 until the spade claw 703 is separated from the arc-shaped receiving groove 101, as the spade claw 703 continues to rotate, the unqualified powder particles slide down into the material channel 702 from the inner cavity of the spade claw 703, and as the rotary table 701 rotates, the material channel 702 is communicated with the feed back opening 402, the unqualified powder particles in the material channel 702 flow back into the grinding barrel 4 through the feed back opening 402, so as to continuously rotate the rotary table 701, the unqualified powder particles accumulated in the arc-shaped receiving groove 101 are continuously returned into the grinding barrel 4, during the rotation of the motor-driven driving shaft 704, the driving shaft 704 simultaneously drives the six groups of extrusion blocks 7094 to rotate together, the ends of one group of extrusion blocks 7094 slide against the reverse inclined surface 921 on the tripod 7092, and the ends of one group of extrusion blocks 7094 extrude the reverse inclined surface 921, the tripod 7092 is enabled to deflect by taking the hinge shaft 7091 as an axis, meanwhile, the tripod 7092 drives the knocking ball 7093 to be separated from contact with one side surface of the rotary disc 701, the spring 7095 is stretched until the end part of one group of extrusion blocks 7094 staggers the reverse inclined surface 921, the tripod 7092 is enabled to deflect back under the rebound force of the spring 7095, the knocking ball 7093 is enabled to impact one side surface of the rotary disc 701, the rotary disc 701 and the shovel claw 703 are enabled to vibrate through the impact, the knocking ball 7093 is enabled to impact one side surface of the rotary disc 701 continuously along with the six groups of shovel claws 703 passing through the reverse inclined surface 921, in the rotation process of the grinding column 5, the grinding column 5 drives the bearing rod 305 to rotate, the rotating bearing rod 305 slides along the rectangular hole 304, the bearing rod 305 enables the frame 301 to move back and forth through the rectangular hole 304, the frame 301 drives the guide pillar 306 to slide along the through hole 102, and the frame 301 drives the screening net 302 to move back and forth, and dust particles on the screening net 302 are enabled to shake continuously.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one: superfine grinding: selecting clean and disease-free dried tremella, preparing coarse powder, and continuously crushing by using a superfine crusher to obtain superfine tremella powder;
step two: decoloring and removing impurities: adding 70-100% wt of ethanol into the tremella ultrafine powder obtained in the step one for leaching, filtering, and removing polyphenol, fat and pigment micromolecular impurities to obtain decolorized and impurity-removed tremella ultrafine powder;
step three: leaching at low temperature: adding deionized water into the superfine tremella powder obtained in the step two for low-temperature extraction, wherein the extraction temperature is less than or equal to 40 ℃, and centrifuging to obtain cold water-soluble polysaccharide extract and cold water-insoluble tremella residues;
step four: deproteinization: concentrating the polysaccharide leaching solution obtained in the step three, adding sevage reagent into the concentrated solution, fully stirring, standing for layering, and collecting an upper polysaccharide solution;
step five: purifying and refining: adding the polysaccharide solution obtained in the step four into a quaternary ammonium salt solution to carry out complexation precipitation, dissolving the precipitate in a sodium chloride solution, removing insoluble matters, concentrating supernatant until the sugar is nearly saturated, and obtaining water-soluble high-molecular-weight tremella polysaccharide after alcohol precipitation, centrifugation, washing and drying;
step six: and (3) carrying out vacuum drying on the tremella residues obtained in the step (III), and then carrying out crushing and grinding by a grinding device to obtain powdery tremella residues.
2. The utility model provides a tremella polysaccharide draws recovery unit, the device is applicable to a tremella polysaccharide draws recovery method of claim 1, including base (1), set up receiver (2) in base (1), set up screening mechanism (3) directly over receiver (2), screening mechanism (3) top sets up grinding barrel (4), set up grinding column (5) in grinding barrel (4), set up hopper (6) on grinding barrel (4), its characterized in that: the grinding column (5) is connected with a recovery device (7);
the recovery device (7) comprises:
a rotary table (701), wherein the rotary table (701) is screwed with one end of the grinding barrel (4);
three groups of material channels (702) which are arranged on the rotary table (701) at equal angles;
the method comprises the steps of,
a shovel claw (703) communicated with the material channel (702), wherein the shovel claw (703) is welded on the outer ring of the turntable (701), an arc-shaped storage groove (101) is arranged in the base (1), and the arc-shaped storage groove (101) is used for collecting large-particle powder particles which are not in accordance with the specification;
the screening mechanism (3) comprises a screening net (302), wherein the screening net (302) is positioned below the other end of the grinding barrel (4), and the screening net (302) is used for screening tremella residues.
3. The tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the recovery device (7) further comprises:
-a drive shaft (704), said drive shaft (704) being screwed in the middle of said turntable (701);
a first gear (705) fixedly mounted on the drive shaft (704);
a second gear (706) engaging the first gear (705);
-a toothed ring (707) engaging the second gear (706);
the method comprises the steps of,
and the second gear (706) and the driving shaft (704) are both screwed on the bracket (708).
4. A tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the support (708) is fixed at one end of the base (1), the toothed ring (707) is fixed on one side surface of the rotary table (701), and one end of the driving shaft (704) is fixedly connected with the grinding column (5).
5. The tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery device according to claim 4, wherein: the recovery device (7) further comprises:
a vibration mechanism (709), wherein the vibration mechanism (709) is used for knocking the rotary table (701);
the vibration mechanism (709) includes:
a hinge shaft (7091), the hinge shaft (7091) being screwed to the bracket (708);
a tripod (7092) fixedly connected to the hinge shaft (7091);
a knocking ball (7093) fixed at the upper end of the tripod (7092);
six groups of extrusion blocks (7094) arranged below the tripod (7092);
the method comprises the steps of,
a spring (7095) fixed in the tripod (7092).
6. The tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery device according to claim 5, wherein: the knocking ball (7093) is tightly attached to one side face of the rotary table (701), six groups of extrusion blocks (7094) are distributed on the driving shaft (704) at equal angles, one end of the spring (7095) is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the bracket (708), and the other end of the spring (7095) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the tripod (7092).
7. The tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery device according to claim 6, wherein: one end of the tripod (7092) is provided with an inverted inclined plane (921), and one group of end parts of the extrusion blocks (7094) are attached to the inverted inclined plane (921).
8. The tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery device of claim 7, wherein: the screening mechanism (3) further comprises:
a frame (301), wherein the screening net (302) is fixed in the frame (301);
the support plate (303) is fixedly arranged at one end of the frame (301);
rectangular holes (304) formed in the support plate (303);
a receiving rod (305) slidingly connected with the rectangular hole (304);
the method comprises the steps of,
four groups of guide posts (306) are symmetrically fixed on two sides of the frame (301).
9. The tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery device of claim 8, wherein: the bearing rod (305) is fixedly connected with the grinding column (5), four groups of through holes (102) are symmetrically formed in two sides of the base (1), and the guide posts (306) are slidably connected with the through holes (102).
10. The tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery device of claim 9, wherein: the storage box (2) consists of a box body (201) and a handle (202), a placing groove (103) is formed in one side of the base (1), and the box body (201) is inserted into the placing groove (103).
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| CN202310655715.XA CN116574200A (en) | 2023-06-05 | 2023-06-05 | Tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery method and device |
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| CN202310655715.XA CN116574200A (en) | 2023-06-05 | 2023-06-05 | Tremella polysaccharide extraction and recovery method and device |
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