CN116535233B - 多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材、多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材、多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116535233B CN116535233B CN202310823916.6A CN202310823916A CN116535233B CN 116535233 B CN116535233 B CN 116535233B CN 202310823916 A CN202310823916 A CN 202310823916A CN 116535233 B CN116535233 B CN 116535233B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- building ceramic
- porous
- strength
- ceramic plate
- porous high
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 289
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NWXHSRDXUJENGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;magnesium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O NWXHSRDXUJENGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052637 diopside Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052661 anorthite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;calcium;disilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052656 albite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010427 ball clay Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910006636 γ-AlOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017976 MgO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- TVTCXPXLRKTHAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristyl methyl ketone Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)=O TVTCXPXLRKTHAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZXRRHFSTAFVGOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[K] Chemical compound [AlH3].[K] ZXRRHFSTAFVGOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NFRKSAMCQGIGRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecan-7-one Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CCCCCC NFRKSAMCQGIGRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 caCl 2 ·6H 2 O Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 67
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 10
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940092782 bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960002887 deanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012972 dimethylethanolamine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013035 low temperature curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012858 packaging process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012536 packaging technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000914 phenoxymethylpenicillanyl group Chemical group CC1(S[C@H]2N([C@H]1C(=O)*)C([C@H]2NC(COC2=CC=CC=C2)=O)=O)C 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012764 semi-quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001720 Åkermanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/138—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues from metallurgical processes, e.g. slag, furnace dust, galvanic waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/20—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in magnesium oxide, e.g. forsterite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/22—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in calcium oxide, e.g. wollastonite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
- C04B2235/3472—Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. spodumene, alkali feldspars such as albite or orthoclase, micas such as muscovite, zeolites such as natrolite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
- C04B2235/3481—Alkaline earth metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. cordierite, beryl, micas such as margarite, plagioclase feldspars such as anorthite, zeolites such as chabazite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5445—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/781—Nanograined materials, i.e. having grain sizes below 100 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/785—Submicron sized grains, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材、多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材及其制备方法,属于相变调温轻质陶瓷材料技术领域。所述多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的制备方法包括:将长石质原料、粘土质原料、非晶态高钙质原料以及晶种矿物原料组成的建筑陶瓷原料混合、造粒得到建筑陶瓷粉料A,然后加入引气剂并进行干混得到陶瓷粉料B,经成型,不完全烧成,得到具有微纳复合结构的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材;然后经相变材料熔渗、表面改性与涂层封装处理,即可制得多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材。非晶态高钙质原料为矿渣和/或改质磁选钢渣,晶种矿物原料为钙长石、透辉石中的至少一种;引气剂为硅灰、勃姆石中的任一种;引气剂的质量占比为5~20%。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于相变调温轻质陶瓷材料技术领域,具体涉及一种多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材、多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
相变材料在物相变化过程中可以从环境中吸收热量或向环境中释放热量(升温相变吸热、降温相变放热),实现能量的储存与释放,达到调节能量需求与供给失配、提高能源利用率的目的。目前,相变材料已经在太阳能蓄热、电力“移峰填谷”、工业余热回收、建筑节能等方面有所应用。
陶瓷基相变储能复合材料是将相变材料分布于陶瓷基体的微孔网络中,相变材料受热融化时吸收潜热,液态相变材料受陶瓷基体毛细张力的作用不会流出,从而使相变前后维持复合材料原来的形状。陶瓷基相变储能复合材料于20世纪80年代提出,目前研究的陶瓷基体主要集中在SiO2、MgO、SiC、Al2O3、堇青石、莫来石陶瓷等,对于建筑陶瓷的相变储能功能化研究较少;研究的相变材料主要集中在NaNO3、Na2CO3、Na2SO4、NaCl、K2CO3、K2SO4、Li2CO3、LiF、CaF2、Al、Mg等高温相变材料(相变温度>200℃),开发了系列陶瓷基高温储能材料,对于陶瓷基低温储能材料的研究相对较少。
中国专利(申请号202111537114.6)公开在石蜡粒子表面制备隔热层(氧化锌)和保护层(氧化钛),可以保护石蜡粒子在陶瓷高温煅烧过程中不被氧化,继而保留了相变石蜡的储能效果,将其应用于轻质陶瓷可制得具有相变调温功能的陶瓷产品。该方法制备工艺复杂、成本较高,相变材料在陶瓷基体中的引入量也十分有限,不适用于调温建筑陶瓷板材的规模化制造。中国专利(申请号202010669150.7)公开了一种智能调温装饰陶瓷板材及其制备方法,利用高岭土、煅烧铝矾土、矿化剂、助烧剂和增强剂进行高温烧成(1100~1250℃)制备晶须增强多孔陶瓷板,而后通过熔融浸渗工艺在多孔陶瓷基体中引入相变材料。由于莫来石晶须的合成温度较高,该专利使用了3~5 wt%的矿化剂(氟化铝)降低莫来石晶须的合成温度,矿化剂的高温挥发对窑炉与产线工人健康均存在不利影响;而且该专利使用了3~5 wt%的氧化钼、氧化铈作为助烧剂,使用5~10 wt%的碳化硅粉体作为增强剂,氧化钼、氧化铈、碳化硅价格昂贵,会导致调温陶瓷板材的原料成本较高,不利于调温陶瓷板制品的大规模制造与应用;此外,该专利制备过程中并未引入造孔剂或发泡剂,导致所制得多孔陶瓷的气孔率较低(30~55%),难以进一步提升多孔陶瓷基体中相变材料的渗入量。
在多孔建筑陶瓷基体中引入低温相变材料,利用相变材料调控建筑环境温度,可以达到降低建筑能耗的目的;而且,通过调整多孔建筑陶瓷的气孔率,可以在建筑陶瓷基体中大量引入相变材料。然而,相变材料的升温膨胀与降温收缩会在多孔建筑陶瓷基体中产生机械应力,若多孔陶瓷的本征力学强度较差,极易发生相变储能建筑陶瓷板材的开裂破坏,从而使其丧失调温节能功效。因此,亟须提高多孔建筑陶瓷的力学强度,以确保相变储能建筑陶瓷板材的服役安全性与可靠性。此外,常规多孔建筑陶瓷的制备方法需要较高的烧结温度(烧结温度须大于发泡剂的氧化温度)和较长的保温时间(长时间保温以确保造孔剂完全氧化),难以在辊道窑低温快烧的条件下制备高性能多孔建筑陶瓷。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术中多孔建筑陶瓷板材力学强度低、烧成温度高、烧成周期长的技术难题,本发明提出一种具有微纳复合结构的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材及其制备方法,并结合相变材料浸渗处理与高效封装工艺,制备相变储能建筑陶瓷板材。
第一方面,本发明提供了一种多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:将长石质原料、粘土质原料、非晶态高钙质原料以及晶种矿物原料组成的建筑陶瓷原料混合、造粒得到建筑陶瓷粉料A,然后加入引气剂并进行干混得到陶瓷粉料B,经成型,1100~1160℃下高温保火10~30 min进行不完全烧成,得到具有0.2~2μm微米晶粒和10~50 nm纳米晶粒的微纳复合结构的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材;
所述非晶态高钙质原料为矿渣和/或改质磁选钢渣,所述晶种矿物原料为钙长石、透辉石中的至少一种;长石质原料、粘土质原料、非晶态高钙质原料与晶种矿物原料的质量比为10~40:15~35:25~40:10~30;
所述引气剂为硅灰、勃姆石中的任一种;以建筑陶瓷粉料A干料与引气剂总质量为100%计,引气剂的质量占比为5~20%,建筑陶瓷粉料A干料的质量占比为80~95%。
较佳地,所述长石质原料为钾长石、钠长石、钾铝砂、高钠砂、霞石中的至少一种;所述粘土质原料为球土、高岭土、膨润土中的至少一种。
较佳地,所述建筑陶瓷原料的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计, SiO2 45~55%;Al2O3 10~18%;Fe2O3 0.5~1.2%;TiO2 0.3~0.7%;CaO 15~25%;MgO 4~10%;K2O 1.5~2.5%;Na2O 1.0~2.5%;烧失量3~8%。
较佳地,所述硅灰的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 93~98%;Al2O3 0.1~1.5%;Fe2O3 0.1~1.5%;TiO2 0.01~0.5%;CaO 0.05~0.5%;MgO 0.05~0.7%;K2O 0.01~1.5%;Na2O 0.01~1.5%;所述勃姆石为一水软铝石γ-AlOOH。
较佳地,所述引气剂的平均粒径为0.05~0.3μm。
第二方面,本发明提供了一种多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将上述具有0.2~2μm微米晶粒和10~50 nm纳米晶粒的微纳复合结构的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材置于熔融的相变材料中浸渗处理得到相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材,然后在所述相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面依次喷涂表面改性剂溶液、封装溶液,得到具有微纳复合结构的多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材。
较佳地,所述相变材料为工业石蜡、CaCl2·6H2O、Na2SO4·10H2O、Na2HPO4·12H2O、癸酸、十七烷酮或者月桂酸。
较佳地,所述表面改性剂溶液包括γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、六甲基二硅氮烷、聚乙烯醇或者羟丙基纤维素中的任一种。
较佳地,所述封装溶液的组份包括硅溶胶、磷酸二氢铝、水性丙烯酸树脂、固化剂,余量为水。
第三方面,本发明提供了一种根据上述多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材的制备方法得到的多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材,所述多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材的气孔率为35~60%;弯曲强度为15~35MPa,极限应变为11~13×10-4,相变潜热为100~160 J/g,相变材料负载量为40~65 vol%。
有益效果
(1)采用本发明提出的多孔陶瓷配方体系与烧成制度,可在建筑陶瓷基体中原位引入大量微米晶粒与纳米晶粒,基于结晶相强化和纳米强韧化效应,可显著提升多孔建筑陶瓷的力学强度(比强度)与柔性;
(2)本发明提出的发泡工艺,可在低温快烧工艺条件下制得高开气孔率的多孔陶瓷,所述多孔陶瓷具有熔渗速度快、制备成本低的技术优势;
(3)本发明提出的封装材料体系可有效避免硅溶胶与磷酸二氢铝固化时收缩裂纹的产生,并且封装膜层具有优异的硬度与耐久性,可有效提升高强调温建筑陶瓷板材的服役可靠性;
(4)本发明所使用的高钙质原料与硅灰引气剂均为工业固废,可实现固废的高值化再利用,具有重大的经济与社会效益。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材物相组成XRD图;
图2为实施例1制备的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材气孔结构SEM图,其中(a)、(b)、(c)为不同放大倍数下的SEM图;
图3为实施例1制备的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材微观结构SEM图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施方式进一步说明本发明,应理解,下述实施方式仅用于说明本发明,而非限制本发明。在没有特殊说明的情况下,各百分含量指质量百分含量。
本发明通过建筑陶瓷组分设计与制备工艺优化,在建筑陶瓷基体中引入微纳复合结构与联通气孔,基于纳米强化效应可在低温快烧工艺条件下制得高强度多孔建筑陶瓷;进一步,利用熔融浸渗工艺在多孔建筑陶瓷基体中引入相变材料,基于材料表面改性与无机膜封装技术,制得高可靠性相变储能建筑陶瓷板材。
以下,示例性说明本发明提供的多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材的制备方法。所述制备方法主要包括:(1)多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材制备;(2)相变材料填充;以及,(3)封装的工艺步骤。
多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材制备。取10~40质量份长石质原料、15~35质量份粘土质原料、25~40质量份高钙质原料、10~30质量份晶种矿物原料组成建筑陶瓷原料,加入稀释剂、增强剂与水,球磨至中位粒径为8~12μm,经除铁、喷雾造粒,得到建筑陶瓷粉料A;然后,向所述建筑陶瓷粉料A干料中加入引气剂,干混均匀,得到陶瓷粉料B;最后,将陶瓷粉料B压制成型,烧成,磨边处理,得到所述多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材。
在一些实施方式中,所述长石质原料可以选择钾长石、钠长石、钾铝砂、高钠砂、霞石中的至少一种。长石质原料的加入,一方面可以降低陶瓷的烧成温度,原因在于长石质原料可在低温条件下实现陶瓷的部分烧结;另一方面,可降低陶瓷中液相(玻璃相)粘度,促进非晶晶化过程的发生。
在一些实施方式中,所述粘土质原料可以选择球土、高岭土、膨润土中的至少一种。利用粘土质原料的塑性可以为建筑陶瓷粉料A以及陶瓷生坯提供较高的强度,确保陶瓷造粒粉在干粉混合过程中不会发生破碎以及陶瓷生坯在搬运、走线过程中不会发生破损。此外,粘土质原料也可与所述高钙质原料发生反应,促进镁黄长石中间相的析出。
在一些实施方式中,所述高钙质原料可以为矿渣和/或改质磁选钢渣。所述矿渣为高炉炼铁过程中的副产品,通常是指高炉水淬矿渣。其中,所述矿渣的化学组成可以包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 28~35%;Al2O3 12~17%;Fe2O3 0.2~1.0%;TiO2 0.3~2.0%;CaO 35~42%;MgO 6~12%;K2O 0~1.0%;Na2O 0~0.8%。对钢渣(炼钢过程中的一种副产品)进行改质磁选处理,以大幅度降低Fe、FeO和Fe2O3含量,即可制得改质磁选钢渣。其中,所述改质磁选钢渣的化学组成可以包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 10~15%;Al2O3 1~5%;Fe2O3 0.5~1.5%;TiO2 0.3~1.0%;CaO 35~60%;MgO 3~10%;K2O 0~1.0%;Na2O 0~0.8%;MnO 0.2~3%;P2O50.2~2%。
本发明采用的高钙质原料均为工业固废,引入此类原料有利于固废的高值化再利用;另外,该高钙质原料为非晶态,有利于促进陶瓷在烧结过程中的反应析晶与非晶晶化,继而可促进微纳复合晶体的形成。
在一些实施方式中,所述晶种矿物原料可以为钙长石、透辉石中的至少一种。
所述高钙质原料为非晶态,利用非晶态高钙质原料与所述晶种矿物原料的协同作用(即非晶晶化与熔解玻璃化),可以在陶瓷中原位形成微纳复合结构,基于结晶相强化和纳米强韧化效应可有效提升多孔建筑陶瓷的弯曲强度与极限应变,有利于提升调温建筑陶瓷板材的服役安全性。在一些实施方式中,所述微纳复合结构的晶粒尺寸具有二级分布:0.2~2μm的微米晶粒和10~50 nm的纳米晶粒。
在一些实施方式中,所述建筑陶瓷原料的化学组成可以包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 45~55%;Al2O3 10~18%;Fe2O3 0.5~1.2%;TiO2 0.3~0.7%;CaO 15~25%;MgO 4~10%;K2O 1.5~2.5%;Na2O 1.0~2.5%;烧失量3~8%。优选地,所述建筑陶瓷原料的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 51.3%;Al2O3 15.7%;Fe2O3 0.6%;TiO2 0.4%;CaO 16.2%;MgO7.9%;K2O 1.5%;Na2O 1.2%;烧失量5.2%。
在一些实施方式中,所述稀释剂可以为水玻璃、腐殖酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠或者三聚磷酸钠;掺量可以为所述建筑陶瓷原料总质量的0.5~1.0%。掺量过少或过大,均会导致浆料粘度较大。
在一些实施方式中,所述增强剂可以为钠基膨润土、纤维素醚、羧甲基纤维素钠、PVA乳液或者水性脲醛树脂;掺量可以为所述建筑陶瓷原料总质量的0.3~1.2%。掺量过少,对陶瓷生坯强度的提升效果较弱;掺量过大,易引起陶瓷浆料的触变。
其中,所述建筑陶瓷原料球磨的中位粒径为8~12μm。原料粒径过细,球磨能耗较高;原料粒径过粗,不利于陶瓷烧结体力学性能的提升。
在一些实施方式中,所述引气剂可以为硅灰、勃姆石中的任一种;优选的,所述引气剂的平均粒径为0.05~0.3μm。所述硅灰的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 93~98%;Al2O3 0.1~1.5%;Fe2O3 0.1~1.5%;TiO2 0.01~0.5%;CaO 0.05~0.5%;MgO 0.05~0.7%;K2O 0.01~1.5%;Na2O 0.01~1.5%。作为示例,所述硅灰的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 94%;Al2O3 1%;Fe2O3 1.2%;TiO2 0.4%;CaO 0.4%;MgO 0.7%;K2O 1%;Na2O 1.3%。所述勃姆石为一水软铝石(γ-AlOOH),其高温相变可转化为多孔蠕虫状γ- Al2O3。
在一些实施方式中,以建筑陶瓷粉料A干料与引气剂总质量为100%计,引气剂的质量占比可以为5~20%,建筑陶瓷粉料A干料的质量占比可以为80~95%。其中,引气剂含量过低,会导致制得的建筑陶瓷板材气孔率较低,不利于相变材料浸渗量的提升;引气剂含量过高,会导致制得的建筑陶瓷板材发生变形、开裂,大幅度降低陶瓷板材的力学性能。
所述硅灰或勃姆石引气剂在陶瓷烧结过程中会发生相变(硅灰的非晶-晶态相变与γ-AlOOH高温相变生成γ-Al2O3)与反应膨胀(硅灰中含有的Fe2O3的高温反应会引入O2),从而在陶瓷基体内原位引入微米级气孔,有利于增大多孔陶瓷的毛细管力,增强多孔陶瓷对于相变材料熔体的吸附能力,从而可以避免调温建筑陶瓷板材服役过程中相变材料熔体渗漏现象的发生。
此外,本发明利用干混工艺在建筑陶瓷粉料表面引入的引气剂在陶瓷基体中不均匀分布(造粒粉表面引气剂含量高于造粒粉内部),从而可有效增大多孔建筑陶瓷的开气孔率,从而有利于相变材料的快速熔渗。通过本发明提供的造孔工艺,发泡速率快,且可在低温快烧工艺条件下(烧成温度1100~1160℃,高温保火时间10~30 min)制得多孔建筑陶瓷板材,有利于多孔建筑陶瓷的绿色低碳制造。
利用建筑陶瓷热工设备(辊道窑),即可完成所述多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的烧成。在一些实施方式中,所述烧成的温度可以为1100~1160℃,高温保火时间可以为10~30min。通过控制烧结制度,使得建筑陶瓷基体未发生完全烧结(瓷化),继而可确保较高的开气孔率,从而有利于相变材料的快速熔渗。
烧成温度、保火时间是与陶瓷坯温相匹配的,烧成温度、保火时间应确保陶瓷处于部分烧结状态,且发生了反应析晶与非晶晶化。也即,既可确保陶瓷较高的开气孔率,又可在陶瓷中形成大量的微米晶与纳米晶,确保多孔陶瓷较为优异的力学性能。需要特别说明的是,不同于完全烧结的方式以制备高强韧建筑陶瓷板材,本申请利用配方设计与烧结工艺调整,所制得的陶瓷处于部分烧结状态(欠烧),烧成收缩率仅为1~3%,目的在于确保陶瓷较高的开气孔率,便于后期浸渗处理。一般情况下,部分烧结陶瓷的力学性能较差,其所制得的多孔陶瓷的力学性能亦较差,难以确保调温建筑陶瓷板材的服役安全性与可靠性。然而,本发明基于材料组成设计与烧成工艺调控,在陶瓷中引入了微纳复合结构,有效提升了多孔建筑陶瓷的力学性能。
值得注意的是,烧成温度与保火时间应确保建筑陶瓷处于适宜的烧结成熟度。烧结温度过高、保火时间过长,会导致建筑陶瓷致密化的发生,继而使得多孔建筑陶瓷的开气孔率降低,不利于后期熔融浸渗处理;烧结温度过低、保火时间过短,会导致建筑陶瓷烧结成熟度过低,即未形成较强的烧结颈,继而使得所制得多孔建筑陶瓷的力学性能较差。
本发明提供的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材具有微纳复合结构,所述微纳复合结构的晶粒尺寸具有二级分布:0.2~2μm的微米晶粒和10~50 nm的纳米晶粒。所述多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材烧成后原位形成以辉石、长石为主的结晶相,其中结晶相含量≥80wt%。
通过上述制备方法得到的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的气孔率为35~60%,且气孔类型为开孔,平均气孔孔径为0.5~70μm;弯曲强度(断裂模数)为15~35MPa。
相变材料填充。将多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材放入熔融的相变材料中进行浸渗处理,通过熔融自发浸渗工艺使得相变材料填充于多孔建筑陶瓷板材基体中,浸渗完成后,经冷却处理得到相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材。
在一些实施方式中,所述相变材料可以为工业石蜡、CaCl2·6H2O、Na2SO4·10H2O、Na2HPO4·12H2O、癸酸、十七烷酮或者月桂酸;优选为工业石蜡。工业石蜡作为相变材料,成本较低且易于实现调温陶瓷板材的大规模产业化制造。
其中,所述相变温度可以为18~50℃;浸渗温度为60~110℃,浸渗时间为5~30min。
封装。将表面改性剂溶液喷涂于相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面,经热处理得到表面改性相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材;接着,将封装溶液喷涂于表面改性相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面,经固化处理,得到所述多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材。
在一些实施方式中,所述表面改性剂可以为γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、六甲基二硅氮烷、聚乙烯醇或者羟丙基纤维素中的任一种。作为一个示例,所述表面改性剂溶液的配制方法可以为:称取0.5~10质量份的表面活性剂、75~90质量份无水乙醇与5~15质量份水,混合均匀,利用草酸或醋酸调节混合溶液的pH值至3~4,即可配制得到表面改性剂溶液。
在一些实施方式中,所述表面改性剂溶液的喷涂量可以控制为30~100 g/m2。
在一些实施方式中,所述热处理的温度可以为50~70℃,热处理时间可以为1~3h。
由于石蜡等相变材料的浸渗,会使得相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面呈现疏水特性,不利于在其表面进行膜层固化封装,因此本发明选择表面改性处理工艺,降低相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面的疏水性,改善其与所述封装溶液的相容性,从而有利于在相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面形成连续均匀的封装膜层。
在一些实施方式中,所述封装溶液的配制方法可以为:称取1~5质量份硅溶胶(优选固含量20~30%的酸性硅溶胶)、2~10质量份磷酸二氢铝、2~8质量份水性丙烯酸树脂、0.1~0.5质量份固化剂(二甲基乙醇胺、三乙胺中的任一种)与77~95质量份水,混合均匀即可制得。
在一些实施方式中,所述封装溶液的喷涂量可以控制为30~100 g/m2。
在一些实施方式中,所述固化处理的温度可以为50~70℃,固化时间可以为2~5h。
本发明利用丙烯酸树脂改善硅溶胶与磷酸二氢铝固化层的柔性,避免硅溶胶与磷酸二氢铝固化时收缩裂纹的产生;同时,利用硅溶胶与磷酸二氢铝提升丙烯酸树脂膜层的硬度与耐久性;三者协同作用可提升封装膜层的整体可靠性,有利于调温建筑陶瓷板材长期安全可靠地服役。使用硅溶胶、磷酸二氢铝、水性丙烯酸树脂、固化剂、水配制封装溶液,固化工艺为低温固化,在相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面制备一层封装膜层,其目的在于对调温建筑陶瓷板材进行表面封堵处理,以避免调温陶瓷板材服役时发生相变材料的渗漏。
利用万能实验机和电感量仪测量本发明提供的制备方法得到的具有微纳复合结构的多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材的弯曲强度、极限应变可知,所述多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材的弯曲强度为15~35MPa,极限应变为11~13×10-4,相变潜热为100~160 J/g,相变材料负载量为40~65 vol%。
本发明基于建筑陶瓷组分设计在陶瓷中引入微纳复合结构,基于纳米强韧化效应大幅度提升多孔陶瓷的力学强度与柔性;采用特殊的发泡工艺(引气剂干混工艺),可在低温快烧工艺条件下制备高气孔率高强建筑陶瓷板材;对浸渗相变材料的陶瓷板材进行表面改性处理,而后在其表面喷涂封装溶液(硅溶胶+磷酸二氢铝+水性丙烯酸树脂),低温固化后可在相变储能建筑陶瓷板材表面引入封装膜层,从而有效改善多孔陶瓷对于相变材料的负载效果,避免相变材料从多孔陶瓷基体中渗出,确保相变储能建筑陶瓷板材长期服役的可靠性。
下面进一步列举实施例以详细说明本发明。同样应理解,以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的上述内容作出的一些非本质的改进和调整均属于本发明的保护范围。下述示例具体的工艺参数等也仅是合适范围中的一个示例,即本领域技术人员可以通过本文的说明做合适范围内的选择,而并非要限定于下文示例的具体数值。
实施例1
(1)多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材制备。
取10质量份钠长石、10质量份钾长石、25质量份球土、25质量份矿渣、30质量份透辉石以及0.5质量份水玻璃、0.7质量份羧甲基纤维素钠、60质量份水混合,球磨至中位粒径为10μm,经除铁、喷雾造粒并陈腐24 h,制得建筑陶瓷粉料A;
取10质量份硅灰(平均粒径0.3μm)与90质量份建筑陶瓷粉料A(干重),加入卧式双螺旋干式混料机中进行干混处理,制得陶瓷粉料B;
对混合均匀的陶瓷粉料B进行干压成型,制得陶瓷生坯;经干燥后,将陶瓷生坯置于辊道窑中进行烧成,并经磨边处理制得多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材;其中,烧成温度为1140℃,高温保火时间为20 min。
(2)相变材料填充。
称取适量工业石蜡置于钢制模具中并加热至80℃,待石蜡全部熔化后,将上述多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材置于石蜡熔液中保温20 min;利用石蜡熔液的自发浸渗使得石蜡相变材料填充于多孔建筑陶瓷板材基体中;随后,待石蜡熔液温度降至50℃,即可取出样品,制得相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材。
(3)封装。
称取5质量份γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、85质量份无水乙醇与10质量份水,混合均匀,利用草酸将混合溶液的pH值调整至3.5,制得表面改性剂溶液;然后,利用磨抛机对相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面进行研磨处理,使其表面粗糙化;随后,利用高压喷枪将表面改性剂溶液喷涂于相变材料-多孔建筑陶瓷复合板材表面,再将其置于60℃烘箱中保温2 h,制得表面改性相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材;
称取3质量份酸性硅溶胶(固含量25%)、5质量份磷酸二氢铝、5质量份水性丙烯酸树脂、0.3质量份二甲基乙醇胺与86.7质量份水,混合均匀,配制封装溶液;利用高压喷枪将其喷涂于表面改性相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面,随后将复合板材置于60℃烘箱中保温3 h,制得多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材。
利用李氏瓶与体积密度测试仪测得所述多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的气孔率为45%;利用万能实验机和电感量仪测得上述制得的高强调温建筑陶瓷板材的弯曲强度与极限应变分别为26.6 MPa、12.5×10-4。
利用XRD测得上述多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的物相组成,如图1所示。从图中可以看出,多孔陶瓷中的晶相主要包含石英、透辉石、钙长石、镁黄长石与刚玉。利用TOPAS软件对多孔陶瓷物相组成进行半定量分析(如表1所示),陶瓷中结晶相含量高达84.29%,远高于传统建筑陶瓷中结晶相含量(40~60%),基于结晶相强化机制,该多孔陶瓷具有优异的力学强度。
下表1为多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材物相组成半定量计算结果:
。
利用SEM测得上述多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的气孔结构,如图2所示。从图中可以看出,多孔高强陶瓷板材中含有大量气孔,且孔径分布范围较宽,气孔类型为开孔。利用SEM测得上述多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材(断面经5%HF溶液腐蚀处理)的微观结构,如图3所示。从图中可以看出,陶瓷内包含大量的微米级与纳米级结晶相颗粒,即结晶相颗粒尺寸具备二级分布:微米晶粒的平均尺寸为0.36μm、纳米晶粒的平均尺寸为30.66 nm。基于纳米强韧化效果,所制得的调温建筑陶瓷板材具有优异的力学强度与柔性,特别是其极限应变较传统建筑陶瓷高32~47%。
实施例2
(1)多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材制备。
取10质量份钠长石、35质量份球土、40质量份矿渣、10质量份透辉石、5质量份钙长石以及0.7质量份三聚磷酸钠、0.3质量份钠基膨润土、60质量份水混合,球磨至中位粒径为8μm,经除铁、喷雾造粒并陈腐24 h,制得建筑陶瓷粉料A;
取20质量份硅灰(平均粒径0.2μm)与80质量份建筑陶瓷粉料A(干重),加入卧式双螺旋干式混料机中进行干混处理,制得陶瓷粉料B;
对混合均匀的陶瓷粉料B进行干压成型,制得陶瓷生坯;经干燥后,将陶瓷生坯置于辊道窑中进行烧成,并经磨边处理制得多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材;其中,烧成温度为1160℃,高温保火时间为10 min。
(2)相变材料填充。
称取适量工业石蜡置于钢制模具中并加热至110℃,待石蜡全部熔化后,将上述多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材置于石蜡熔液中保温5 min;利用石蜡熔液的自发浸渗使得石蜡相变材料填充于多孔建筑陶瓷板材基体中;随后,待石蜡熔液温度降至50℃,即可取出样品,制得相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材。
(3)封装。
称取0.5质量份六甲基二硅氮烷、90质量份无水乙醇与9.5质量份水,混合均匀,利用草酸将混合溶液的pH值调至4,制得表面改性剂溶液;然后,利用磨抛机对相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面进行研磨处理,使其表面粗糙化;随后,利用高压喷枪将表面改性剂溶液喷涂于相变材料-多孔建筑陶瓷复合板材表面,再将其置于70℃烘箱中保温1 h,制得表面改性相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材;
称取5质量份酸性硅溶胶(固含量20%)、2质量份磷酸二氢铝、8质量份水性丙烯酸树脂、0.5质量份三乙胺与84.5质量份水,混合均匀,配制封装溶液;利用高压喷枪将其喷涂于表面改性相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面,随后将复合板材置于70℃烘箱中保温2 h,制得多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材。
利用李氏瓶与体积密度测试仪测得所述多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的气孔率为60%;利用万能实验机和电感量仪测得上述制得的高强调温建筑陶瓷板材的弯曲强度与极限应变分别为19.2 MPa、12.8×10-4。
实施例3
(1)多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材制备。
取20质量份钠长石、20质量份钾长石、15质量份球土、35质量份改质磁选钢渣、10质量份透辉石以及1.0质量份腐殖酸钠、1.2质量份水性脲醛树脂、55质量份水混合,球磨至中位粒径为12μm,经除铁、喷雾造粒并陈腐24 h,制得建筑陶瓷粉料A;
取5质量份硅灰(平均粒径0.05μm)与95质量份建筑陶瓷粉料A(干重),加入卧式双螺旋干式混料机中进行干混处理,制得陶瓷粉料B;
对混合均匀的陶瓷粉料B进行干压成型,制得陶瓷生坯;经干燥后,将陶瓷生坯置于辊道窑中进行烧成,并经磨边处理制得多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材;其中,烧成温度为1100℃,高温保火时间为30 min。
(2)相变材料填充。
称取适量工业石蜡置于钢制模具中并加热至60℃,待石蜡全部熔化后,将上述多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材置于石蜡熔液中保温30 min;利用石蜡熔液的自发浸渗使得石蜡相变材料填充于多孔建筑陶瓷板材基体中;随后,待石蜡熔液温度降至45℃,即可取出样品,制得相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材。
(3)封装。
称取10质量份聚乙烯醇、75质量份无水乙醇与15质量份水,混合均匀,利用醋酸将混合溶液的pH值调至3,制得表面改性剂溶液;然后,利用磨抛机对相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面进行研磨处理,使其表面粗糙化;随后,利用高压喷枪将表面改性剂溶液喷涂于相变材料-多孔建筑陶瓷复合板材表面,再将其置于50℃烘箱中保温3 h,制得表面改性相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材;
称取1质量份酸性硅溶胶(固含量30%)、10质量份磷酸二氢铝、2质量份水性丙烯酸树脂、0.1质量份三乙胺与86.9质量份水,混合均匀,配制封装溶液;利用高压喷枪将其喷涂于表面改性相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面,再将其置于50℃烘箱中保温5 h,制得多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材。
利用李氏瓶与体积密度测试仪测得所述多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的气孔率为35%;利用万能实验机和电感量仪测得上述制得的高强调温建筑陶瓷板材的弯曲强度与极限应变分别为33.6 MPa、12.1×10-4。
对比例1
本对比例制备工艺参照实施例3,主要区别在于:钠长石为25质量份、改质磁选钢渣为30质量份。
本对比例1中,由于长石质原料掺量过高,导致陶瓷烧成温度较低,在1100℃-30min的烧成条件下,陶瓷发生了完全烧结;由于引气剂的作用,所测得的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的气孔率依然可达到15%,但是由于陶瓷在该烧成条件下形成了大量液相以及明显的烧结致密化,导致所形成的气孔以闭气孔为主,较难进行步骤(2)相变材料的填充。试验发现,浸渗相变材料前后,多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的增重率仅为3%,表明相变材料的填充量较少,不利于陶瓷板材储热性能的提升;而上述实施例3所制得的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材在浸渗相变材料前后的增重率却高达25%。
对比例2
本对比例制备工艺参照实施例3,主要区别在于:硅灰为2质量份、建筑陶瓷粉料A干料为98质量份。
本对比例2中,引气剂含量过低,导致制得的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的气孔率仅为26%,且陶瓷气孔主要是由于陶瓷部分烧结所形成的。由于引气剂掺量过低,导致制得的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的气孔率偏低,继而会使得相变材料熔体的浸渗量偏低,不利于提升调温建筑陶瓷板材的储能密度。
对比例3
本对比例制备工艺参照实施例3,主要区别在于:硅灰为25质量份、建筑陶瓷粉料A为75质量份。
本对比例3中,引气剂含量过高,虽然制得的多孔陶瓷材料具有较高的气孔率(68%),但是由于引气剂含量过高导致引气过程剧烈,使得制备的多孔陶瓷材料出现较大的尺寸变形。
对比例4
本对比例制备工艺参照实施例2,主要区别在于:烧成温度为1170℃,高温保火时间为40min。
本对比例4中,烧成温度过高、保火时间过长,导致制得的多孔陶瓷材料发生完全烧熟,结晶相颗粒全部为纳米晶,虽力学强度较高,但所制得的多孔陶瓷材料开气孔率仅为1.2%,难以进行后续相变材料的渗透操作。
对比例5
本对比例制备工艺参照实施例2,主要区别在于:烧成温度为1080℃,高温保火时间为5min。
本对比例5中,烧成温度过低、保火时间过短,导致制得的多孔陶瓷材料烧结成熟度较差,力学强度较低(弯曲强度仅为3.6 MPa)。
对比例6
本对比例制备工艺参照实施例2,主要区别在于:未进行相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材的封装处理。
利用李氏瓶与体积密度测试仪测得本对比例制备的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材的气孔率为60%;利用万能实验机和电感量仪测得本对比例制得的高强调温建筑陶瓷板材的弯曲强度与极限应变分别为18.7 MPa、12.9×10-4。
本对比例制得的调温陶瓷板材的力学性能和实施例2较为接近,说明封装对调温陶瓷板材力学性能的影响较小。进一步,通过熔化/凝固循环试验(将调温陶瓷板材放置于开放的坩埚内,然后将坩埚放置于100℃的加热炉中保温20分钟,以保证陶瓷板材内的相变材料全部融化;随后,将样品取出坩埚,放置于空气中冷却20分钟以完成凝固过程;至此记为1次熔化/凝固过程。),测得调温陶瓷板材经50次熔化/凝固循环后的质量损失率为3.8%,而实施例2制得的多孔高强调温陶瓷板材经50次熔化/凝固循环后的质量损失率为1.3%,说明表面封装处理可较好地提升调温建筑陶瓷板材的服役稳定性与可靠性。
虽然利用制得的多孔陶瓷材料(平均气孔尺寸0.5~70μm)孔径产生的毛细管力即可实现相变材料在多孔陶瓷中的保留,但为提升调温建筑陶瓷板材的热稳定性以及确保调温陶瓷板材长期稳定、可靠地服役,本发明采用有机-无机复合涂层(硅溶胶、磷酸二氢铝、水性丙烯酸树脂、固化剂)对相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材进行了表面封装。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本发明的技术原理。这些描述只是为了解释本发明的原理,而不能以任何方式解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。基于此处的解释,本领域的技术人员不需要付出创造性的劳动即可联想到本发明的其它具体实施方式,这些方式都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
将由长石质原料、粘土质原料、非晶态高钙质原料以及晶种矿物原料组成的建筑陶瓷原料混合、造粒得到建筑陶瓷粉料A,然后加入引气剂并进行干混得到陶瓷粉料B,经成型,1100~1160℃下高温保火10~30 min进行不完全烧成,得到具有0.2~2μm微米晶粒和10~50 nm纳米晶粒的微纳复合结构的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材;将所述具有0.2~2μm微米晶粒和10~50 nm纳米晶粒的微纳复合结构的多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材置于熔融的相变材料中浸渗处理得到相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材,然后在所述相变材料-多孔高强建筑陶瓷复合板材表面依次喷涂表面改性剂溶液、封装溶液,得到具有微纳复合结构的多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材;
所述长石质原料为钾长石、钠长石、钾铝砂、高钠砂、霞石中的至少一种;所述非晶态高钙质原料为矿渣和/或改质磁选钢渣,所述晶种矿物原料为钙长石、透辉石中的至少一种;长石质原料、粘土质原料、非晶态高钙质原料与晶种矿物原料的质量比为10~40:15~35:25~40:10~30;所述矿渣的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 28~35%;Al2O3 12~17%;Fe2O3 0.2~1.0%;TiO2 0.3~2.0%;CaO 35~42%;MgO 6~12%;K2O 0~1.0%;Na2O 0~0.8%;所述改质磁选钢渣的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 10~15%;Al2O3 1~5%;Fe2O3 0.5~1.5%;TiO2 0.3~1.0%;CaO 35~60%;MgO 3~10%;K2O 0~1.0%;Na2O 0~0.8%;MnO 0.2~3%;P2O5 0.2~2%;
所述引气剂为硅灰、勃姆石中的任一种;所述硅灰的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计,SiO2 93~98%;Al2O3 0.1~1.5%;Fe2O3 0.1~1.5%;TiO2 0.01~0.5%;CaO 0.05~0.5%;MgO0.05~0.7%;K2O 0.01~1.5%;Na2O 0.01~1.5%;所述勃姆石为一水软铝石γ-AlOOH;以建筑陶瓷粉料A干料与引气剂总质量为100%计,引气剂的质量占比为5~20%,建筑陶瓷粉料A干料的质量占比为80~95%;
所述表面改性剂溶液包括γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、六甲基二硅氮烷、聚乙烯醇或者羟丙基纤维素中的任一种;
所述封装溶液的组份包括硅溶胶、磷酸二氢铝、水性丙烯酸树脂、固化剂,余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粘土质原料为球土、高岭土、膨润土中的至少一种。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述建筑陶瓷原料的化学组成包括:以质量百分比计, SiO2 45~55%;Al2O3 10~18%;Fe2O3 0.5~1.2%;TiO2 0.3~0.7%;CaO 15~25%;MgO 4~10%;K2O 1.5~2.5%;Na2O 1.0~2.5%;烧失量3~8%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述引气剂的平均粒径为0.05~0.3μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述相变材料为工业石蜡、CaCl2·6H2O、Na2SO4·10H2O、Na2HPO4·12H2O、癸酸、十七烷酮或者月桂酸。
6. 一种根据权利要求1所述的制备方法得到的多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材,其特征在于,所述多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材的气孔率为35~60%;弯曲强度为15~35MPa,极限应变为11~13×10-4,相变潜热为100~160 J/g,相变材料负载量为40~65 vol%。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202310823916.6A CN116535233B (zh) | 2023-07-06 | 2023-07-06 | 多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材、多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202310823916.6A CN116535233B (zh) | 2023-07-06 | 2023-07-06 | 多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材、多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材及其制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN116535233A CN116535233A (zh) | 2023-08-04 |
CN116535233B true CN116535233B (zh) | 2023-11-21 |
Family
ID=87454590
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202310823916.6A Active CN116535233B (zh) | 2023-07-06 | 2023-07-06 | 多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材、多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN116535233B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN116947456B (zh) * | 2023-09-21 | 2024-01-05 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | 分级纳米序构强韧化建筑陶瓷及其制备方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111792911A (zh) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-20 | 广东萨米特陶瓷有限公司 | 一种智能调温装饰陶瓷板材及其制备方法 |
CN115536361A (zh) * | 2022-11-28 | 2022-12-30 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | 一种高强度陶瓷薄板及其制备方法 |
CN115557781A (zh) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-01-03 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | 纳米强韧化建筑陶瓷及其制备方法 |
CN116177926A (zh) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-05-30 | 广州大学 | 一种高性能控温相变沥青路面材料及其制备方法 |
-
2023
- 2023-07-06 CN CN202310823916.6A patent/CN116535233B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111792911A (zh) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-20 | 广东萨米特陶瓷有限公司 | 一种智能调温装饰陶瓷板材及其制备方法 |
CN115536361A (zh) * | 2022-11-28 | 2022-12-30 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | 一种高强度陶瓷薄板及其制备方法 |
CN115557781A (zh) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-01-03 | 蒙娜丽莎集团股份有限公司 | 纳米强韧化建筑陶瓷及其制备方法 |
CN116177926A (zh) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-05-30 | 广州大学 | 一种高性能控温相变沥青路面材料及其制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
廖国一 著, 漓江出版社.《假古董假珠宝鉴定方法》.1997,(第1版),第55页. * |
耿加会 等主编, 中国建材工业出版社.《商品混凝土生产与应用技术》.2015,(第1版),第92页. * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN116535233A (zh) | 2023-08-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4452635A (en) | Hydraulic cement composition | |
CN101492276B (zh) | 一种粘土类多孔材料及其制备方法 | |
CN100486932C (zh) | 含纳米碳酸钙的高纯刚玉质浇注料及其制备方法 | |
AU2019343956A1 (en) | Sintered geopolymer compositions and articles | |
CN116535233B (zh) | 多孔高强建筑陶瓷板材、多孔高强调温建筑陶瓷板材及其制备方法 | |
CN102491769A (zh) | 一种复合结合低温施工耐火浇注料 | |
CN103755332B (zh) | 利用沙漠风积沙制备堇青石质陶瓷的方法 | |
CN102633486B (zh) | 一种六钛酸钾晶须隔热保温砖及其制造方法 | |
CN104803687B (zh) | 一种能降低中间包氧含量的超低硅涂料 | |
CN113999024A (zh) | 一种轻量红外辐射节能焦炉炉门预制件的制备方法 | |
CN113716940A (zh) | 一种新型的蓄热砖及制备方法 | |
CN109809803A (zh) | 一种鱼雷罐永久层用涂抹料 | |
CN107151134A (zh) | 一种工业窑炉用高强高铝质耐火泥浆 | |
CN109553424B (zh) | 一种纤维增强耐高温轻质高铝质发泡涂抹料 | |
CN114956799A (zh) | 一种干法制粉陶瓷砖/板及其制备方法 | |
CN106927700B (zh) | 一种含钡长石硅酸钡水泥及其制备方法 | |
CN106348773B (zh) | 一种添加SiAlON-AlN-TiN的抗锂电材料侵蚀耐火坩埚 | |
JP2756934B2 (ja) | 石炭灰を原料とする焼結体とその製造方法 | |
CN108675808A (zh) | 一种新型工业窑炉用耐火材料及其制备方法 | |
CN101367663A (zh) | 熔融再结合复合氧化铝耐火材料 | |
Barbieri et al. | Technological and Product Requirements for Fast Firing Glass‐Ceramic Glazes | |
CN116947456B (zh) | 分级纳米序构强韧化建筑陶瓷及其制备方法 | |
CN114057508B (zh) | 一种低铝高孔隙率多孔陶瓷材料及其制备方法 | |
CN115872729B (zh) | 一种鱼雷罐工作层用修补料 | |
CN117401989B (zh) | 硅酸铝轻质耐火砖及其制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |