CN116505885B - Reconfigurable transceiver multiplexing amplifier - Google Patents
Reconfigurable transceiver multiplexing amplifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN116505885B CN116505885B CN202310748356.2A CN202310748356A CN116505885B CN 116505885 B CN116505885 B CN 116505885B CN 202310748356 A CN202310748356 A CN 202310748356A CN 116505885 B CN116505885 B CN 116505885B
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
- H03F1/26—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of noise generated by amplifying elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/68—Combinations of amplifiers, e.g. multi-channel amplifiers for stereophonics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a reconfigurable transceiver multiplexing amplifier, which belongs to the field of amplifiers, and the structure is characterized in that a coupling balun and switches S1 and S2 are added at an output end to realize different functions as a low-noise amplifier and a power amplifier. When operating as a power amplifier, both switches S1 and S2 are closed. The signal input by the power amplifier port is input to the balanced amplifier through the first stage and the second stage quadrature coupler. The other signal output by the first-stage quadrature coupler can be coupled into the control amplifier after being coupled into the balun. By adjusting the structure of the load modulation balanced amplifier, the coupling balun, the switch S1 and the switch S2 are added at the input end to realize the switching of different functions as a low-noise amplifier and a power amplifier. Compared with the traditional bidirectional amplifier, the invention can solve the problems of limited output power of the PA mode and high noise figure of the LNA mode, realize high output power output in the PA mode and realize good noise figure characteristic in the LNA mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of amplifiers, in particular to a reconfigurable transceiver multiplexing amplifier.
Background
In a half-duplex radio frequency front-end system, a transmit link (TX) and a receive link (RX) as shown in fig. 1 are typically included. In order to achieve miniaturization, area reduction, and cost reduction of the system, it is desirable to be able to multiplex TX and RX. In the current links of TX and RX, devices such as a phase shifter, a synthesizer, and a mixer can all realize multiplexing. However, there is still a great difficulty in achieving multiplexing as a core device power amplifier at the time of transmission and as a core device low noise amplifier at the time of reception.
The current amplifier that multiplexes the power amplifier and the low noise amplifier generally adopts a conventional bidirectional amplifier structure as shown in fig. 2. The bi-directional amplifier fingers can enter and output signals at the same end. Right incoming signal, left output signal, used as Low Noise Amplifier (LNA); the left input signal and the right output signal act as a Power Amplifier (PA). The power amplifier and the low noise amplifier are both implemented by NMOS transistors. The power amplifier is realized by the operation of transistors M1 and M2, the low noise amplifier is realized by the operation of transistors M3 and M4, and the working states of the transistors are switched by the tail power supply tube. When transistors M1 and M2 are on and transistors M3 and M4 are off, the amplifier operates as a power amplifier; when transistors M1 and M2 are off and transistors M3 and M4 are on, the amplifier operates as a low noise amplifier. A schematic diagram of the power amplifier in operation is shown in fig. 3.
Such a bi-directional amplifier structure is possible for low power input situations, but when the input power is large, it can lead to signal leakage. Here a power amplifier is taken as an example. When the power amplifier is in operation, transistor M3 should be turned off. However, the dc level of the gate of M3 at this time is 1V, which is the drain power supply voltage of the M1 transistor, and the dc level of the drain of M3 is 0.3V, which is the gate bias voltage of the M2 transistor. And the signals of the gate, the drain and the source of the M3 transistor have larger swing at this time, as shown in fig. 4. The signal is exemplified by a 25GHz sine wave signal with a period of 40ps. The source signal is caused by leakage of the source signal along with the drain signal or the gate and drain signals when the transistor is turned on or off intermittently. It is not difficult to find that due to the large signal swing of the gate, the level of either the drain or the source exceeds the turn-on voltage of the transistor, causing the transistor to turn on. The turned-on transistor will be equivalent to a resistor between the drain and the source. This resistance will produce loss of signal. As indicated by the dashed line identification in fig. 5. The resistor loop conducts signals at two ends of the differential circuit, so that the loss of the signals is caused, the output capacity of the amplifier is further reduced, and the power added efficiency of the amplifier is reduced.
To avoid this, the low noise amplifier may be implemented all instead of PMOS transistors. For the PMOS transistor, the higher the gate voltage is, the less easy the gate voltage is to be conducted, and the leakage of signals is avoided. PMOS transistors have lower electron mobility than NMOS transistors, resulting in lower transconductance and greater equivalent noise voltage at the gate. Therefore, the low-noise amplifier designed by the PMOS transistor has lower gain and higher noise coefficient, which is equivalent to losing the performance of the low-noise amplifier, so as to ensure the signal output capability of the power amplifier. This is also a compromise of the bi-directional amplifier index as previously described.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention provides a reconfigurable transceiver multiplexing amplifier.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a reconfigurable receiving and transmitting multiplexing amplifier is characterized in that a coupling balun, a switch S1 and a switch S2 are added at the output end of a multistage quadrature coupler to realize different functions of a low-noise amplifier and a power amplifier, wherein a signal input into the power amplifier is input into a balanced amplifier after passing through one output of a first stage quadrature coupler and a second stage quadrature coupler, and meanwhile, the other output of the first stage quadrature coupler is output into a control amplifier after passing through the coupling balun.
Further, the input end of the first-stage quadrature coupler is connected with the input of the power amplifier, and the isolation end is grounded through a resistor; one output end of the first-stage quadrature coupler is connected with the coupling balun through a switch S1, and the other output end of the first-stage quadrature coupler is connected with the input end of the second-stage quadrature coupler.
Further, the input end of the second-stage quadrature coupler is connected with the output end of the first-stage quadrature coupler, and the isolation end is grounded through a resistor; the two output ends of the second-stage quadrature coupler are output to the two input ends of the balanced amplifier.
Furthermore, the coupling balun is realized by adopting a three-coupling transformer, the input coil of the coupling balun is switched through a switch, and one input coil of the coupling balun is connected with the input end of the low-noise amplifier; the other input coil is connected with the output of the first-stage quadrature coupler through a switch S1, the other end of the input coil is connected to the ground through a switch S2 so as to prevent the signal from leaking to the ground in the LNA mode, and the output coil is output to the isolation end of the load balancing amplifier through the control amplifier.
Further, the output end of the load balancing amplifier is used as the functional output of a low noise amplifier or a power amplifier.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
by readjusting the structure of the load-modulated balanced amplifier, the different functions as a low noise amplifier and a power amplifier are realized by adding a coupling balun and switches S1, S2 at the input. Finally, good noise coefficient characteristics are realized under the condition of ensuring high output power.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a half-duplex rf front-end system in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional bi-directional amplifier.
Fig. 3 is a prior art power amplifier mode diagram.
Fig. 4 is a prior art large signal diagram.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of signal leakage in the prior art.
Fig. 6a shows a coupler pattern structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram of port excitation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a load balancing amplifier according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a reconfigurable transceiver multiplexing amplifier according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and all the inventions which make use of the inventive concept are protected by the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined in the appended claims to those skilled in the art.
A reconfigurable receiving and transmitting multiplexing amplifier is characterized in that a coupling balun, a switch S1 and a switch S2 are added at the output end of a multistage quadrature coupler to realize different functions as a low-noise amplifier and a power amplifier, wherein a signal input into the power amplifier is input into a balanced amplifier after passing through a first stage coupler and a second stage coupler, and meanwhile, the other output of the first stage quadrature coupler is output into a control amplifier after passing through the coupling balun.
As shown in fig. 8, the input end of the first-stage quadrature coupler is connected with the input of the power amplifier, and the isolation end is grounded through a resistor; one output end of the first-stage quadrature coupler is connected with the coupling balun through a switch S1, and the other output end of the first-stage quadrature coupler is connected with the second-stage quadrature coupler. The input end of the second-stage quadrature coupler is connected with the output end of the first-stage quadrature coupler, and the isolation end is grounded through a resistor; and two output ends of the second-stage quadrature coupler are respectively output to the balanced amplifier.
Quadrature couplers have a critical role in the generation of quadrature signals for millimeter wave circuits and systems. The coupler model is shown in fig. 6 (a). Four ports of the coupler are reciprocal, if the port 1 is the input end of the coupler, the port 2 is the coupling end, the port 4 is the through end, and the port 3 is the isolation end.
As shown IN fig. 6 (b), IN is an input terminal, THRU is a through terminal, CPL is a coupling terminal, ISO is a coupling terminal, 1 port of the coupler is excited, and the remaining ports are connected to a transmission line of load impedance Z0, assuming that the input port voltage isThe voltages of the other ports are analyzed by parity modulus to be
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,，/>and->Characteristic impedance of even and odd modes, respectively, < >>Is the electrical length of the coupler.
When the length of the coupler isWhen (I)>，/>The voltage amplitudes of the coupling end and the through end are equal, and the phase difference is 90 degrees. The impedance matrix of the coupler is
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,。
when the length of the coupler is lambda/4, the impedance matrix of the quadrature coupler is obtained as
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,port voltages of the corresponding ports, respectively +.>Is the port current of the corresponding port.
The coupling balun is realized by adopting a three-coupling transformer, and an input coil of the coupling balun is switched through a switch. One input coil of the coupling balun is connected with the input of the low noise amplifier; the other input coil is connected with the output of the first-stage quadrature coupler through a switch S1, the other end of the input coil is connected to the ground through a switch S2 so as to prevent the signal leakage to the ground in the LNA mode, and the output coil is output to the isolation end of the load balancing amplifier output quadrature coupler through a control amplifier.
The characteristics of the quadrature coupler are utilized in the design of the load modulation balanced type power amplifier. CollectingThe balanced amplifier (balanced amplifier-BA) and the control amplifier (control amplifier-CA) are synthesized at the output with quadrature couplers, as shown in figure 7,balancing the voltage of the amplifier for the through terminal and the coupling terminal, < >>When the quadrature coupler is used for power synthesis as the output terminal voltage, the original input port is the power synthesis output port, +.>The voltage of the amplifier is controlled for the isolated port.
When a quadrature coupler is used to synthesize a balanced amplifier and a control amplifier at the output, each sees an impedance value equal to:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,to control the impedance of the amplifier, +.>And->For balancing the impedance of the amplifier, +.>To control the current of the amplifier, +.>For balancing the current of the amplifier, +.>To control the current phase of the amplifier. From the impedance expression, the impedance seen by the control circuit is constant and equal to the final outputThe load impedance value Z0 is obtained. The impedance seen by the balanced amplifier is a value that varies continuously with the control amplifier and the balanced amplifier current ratio, the control path current phase.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the amplifier uses the principle of a load balancing amplifier to achieve both high output power and low noise figure. The structure is added with a coupling balun, a switch S1 and a switch S2 at an input end to realize different functions as a low-noise amplifier and a power amplifier. When operating as a power amplifier, both switches S1 and S2 are closed. The signal input by the power amplifier port can be input to the balanced amplifier after passing through the first stage and the second stage quadrature coupler. And the other signal output by the first-stage quadrature coupler can be coupled and input into the control amplifier after being coupled with the balun. The balanced amplifier and the control amplifier are both operated and the function is equivalent to a load modulation balanced amplifier; when the low noise amplifier is operated, the switch S1 and the switch S2 are both opened, no power is coupled to the balanced amplifier from the input power of the input port of the low noise amplifier, and all the input power is coupled to the control amplifier. Only the control amplifier is now operating, functionally equivalent to a single-pass low noise amplifier.
And finally, when the balance amplifier and the control amplifier are synthesized, the control amplifier is connected to three ports of the quadrature coupler, namely the isolation port. Only the control amplifier works as a low noise amplifier, the impedance seen by the control amplifier is a fixed value, so that the control amplifier can be designed as a single low noise amplifier, and good noise coefficient characteristics are obtained; when both the balanced amplifier and the control amplifier operate as a load-modulated balanced amplifier, the combination of quadrature couplers can result in high power and high efficiency. Therefore, the defect that the output power and the noise coefficient cannot be considered in the traditional bidirectional amplifier structure is overcome.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in view of the above.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are for the purpose of aiding the reader in understanding the principles of the present invention and should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations from the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit thereof, and such modifications and combinations remain within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (4)
1. The reconfigurable transceiver multiplexing amplifier is characterized in that a coupling balun, a switch S1 and a switch S2 are added at the output end of a multistage orthogonal coupler to realize different functions of a low-noise amplifier and a power amplifier, wherein the coupling balun is realized by adopting a three-coupling transformer, the input coil of the coupling balun is switched through the switch, and one input coil of the coupling balun is connected with the input end of the low-noise amplifier; the other input coil is connected with the output of the first-stage quadrature coupler through a switch S1, the other end of the input coil is connected to the ground through a switch S2 so as to prevent the signal leakage to the ground in the LNA mode, and the output coil is output to the isolation end of the load balancing amplifier through the control amplifier; the signal input into the power amplifier is input into the balanced amplifier after passing through one output of the first-stage quadrature coupler and the second-stage quadrature coupler, and meanwhile, the other output of the first-stage quadrature coupler is output into the control amplifier through the coupling balun.
2. The reconfigurable transceiver multiplexing amplifier according to claim 1, wherein the input terminal of the first stage quadrature coupler is connected to the input of the power amplifier, and the isolation terminal is grounded through a resistor; one output end of the first-stage quadrature coupler is connected with the coupling balun through a switch S1, and the other output end of the first-stage quadrature coupler is connected with the input end of the second-stage quadrature coupler.
3. The reconfigurable transceiver multiplexing amplifier according to claim 2, wherein the input terminal of the second stage quadrature coupler is connected to the output terminal of the first stage quadrature coupler, and the isolation terminal is grounded through a resistor; the two output ends of the second-stage quadrature coupler are output to the two input ends of the balanced amplifier.
4. The reconfigurable transceiver multiplexing amplifier of claim 1, wherein the output of the load balancing amplifier is a functional output of a low noise amplifier or a power amplifier.
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| CN116915193B (en) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-11-28 | 成都明夷电子科技有限公司 | Millimeter wave reconfigurable power amplifier with high linearity and high output power |
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