CN116482218A - Design and damage imaging method of implantable piezoelectric sensing module of concrete structure - Google Patents
Design and damage imaging method of implantable piezoelectric sensing module of concrete structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a concrete structure implantable piezoelectric sensing module design and damage imaging method, which comprises a design and manufacturing process of an implantable spontaneous self-receiving sensing module and a damage positioning imaging method of the implantable sensing module based on a columnar piezoelectric ceramic array. The implantable integrated sensing module provides another novel coupling mode between the sensor and the structure, can ensure long-term stable operation of the sensor during service of the structure, is convenient to manage during use, and is easy to replace when damaged; the self-receiving sensing module is characterized in that the embedded piezoelectric sensing array can be used for installing fewer sensing modules in the structure, fully capturing damage information of the structure, reducing workload during installation, and carrying out positioning imaging on damage in the structure more accurately to evaluate the state of the structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of engineering structure damage detection and monitoring.
Background
The reinforced concrete structure may damage the structure during its service due to the long-term effects of the environment and the effects of external loads, which may affect the performance of the structure. Detection and assessment of structural damage is a difficult but urgent task to solve.
The damage detection method based on stress wave propagation can acquire scattering signals caused by damage through a signal processing method, analyze the scattering signals, further acquire information such as the position and the condition of the damage to evaluate the state of the structure, and change the wavelength of a detection signal by changing the frequency of the signal so as to detect the damage with different sizes. The method for detecting the propagation based on stress waves in the reinforced concrete structure needs to find a proper coupling mode between the sensor and the structure so as to meet the condition that the sensor can work stably for a long time to monitor the state of the structure, and meanwhile, the sensor is convenient to manage, maintain and update in the using process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a concrete structure implantable piezoelectric sensing module design and a damage imaging method.
The technical proposal is as follows:
the method for designing and imaging the damage of the implantable piezoelectric sensing module of the concrete structure comprises the following steps:
step 1, designing and manufacturing an implantable spontaneous self-receiving sensing module;
and 2, a damage positioning imaging method of an implantable sensing module based on a columnar piezoelectric ceramic array.
The design and manufacturing process of the implantable self-receiving sensing module in the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: the selected columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensors 11 are packaged by epoxy resin and then connected with a wire shielding pipe 14, the two columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensors are placed along the height direction, and a shielding layer 13 is added in the middle;
step 1.2: the anode and the cathode of the columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensor 11 are connected by a wire, and then pass through a wire shielding pipe 14 to be connected with a porous aviation plug 15; packaging the sensor module 1 by using a grouting material 16 with high strength and low shrinkage;
step 1.3: and fixing the porous aviation plug right above the interface of the module during pouring, and connecting the aviation plug with external equipment after the module is manufactured so as to control the sensor to drive and receive stress wave signals.
The damage positioning imaging method in the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: according to the actual conditions of the structure 2 to be measured, the sensing module 1 is arranged, and then the sensing module 1 is sequentially connected with external equipment through the porous aviation plug 15, and the using equipment comprises: a multichannel signal generator and collector 3, a signal amplifier 4, a signal display 5 and a computer 6;
step 2.2: firstly, sending out an excitation signal by utilizing a trigger instruction, checking whether the signal is normal or not through a waveform display, and if the signal is distorted, checking the line connection again and debugging the use equipment again;
step 2.3: after the equipment is used and works normally, the reference signals y of all paths are acquired firstly h i (t), wherein i=1, 2, …, N represents the number of sensing paths, and the reference signal refers to a signal in a non-damaged state; then obtaining the damage signal y of each path under the structural damage state d i (t)；
Step 2.4: in the detection area, when the sensor configuration meets the near field condition, a polar coordinate system is established by taking the center of the implantable sensing module as an origin, S2.1-S2.4 represent the positions of the sensing units in the module, wherein S2.1 is used as a drive, and the S2.1 coordinate position is L 0 (R 0 ,θ 0 ) S2.2-S2.4 as the reception, assuming the coordinates of the lesion location as L (R, θ), the excitation signal adopts five peak waves modulated by the Hanning window, and y is used 0 Represented by f for its center frequency 0 Expressed, the signal in the reference state is expressed as:
wherein Y is 0 (omega) represents the excitation signal y 0 J represents an imaginary unit and f represents a frequency; r is (r) i Representing the distance between the excitation sensor and the receiving sensor, y D i (t) represents a direct wave signal, y B i (t) represents a boundary reflection signal, v represents a propagation velocity of the wave; in the damaged state, the damage is considered as a secondary wave source, and the signal is expressed as:
wherein y is S i (t) represents a lesion scattering signal, R 0 Indicating the distance between the excitation sensor and the lesion, R i Representing the distance between the receiving sensor and the lesion;
using the baseline subtraction method, the impairment scatter signal is expressed as:
wherein, formula (4) is rewritten as:
wherein R represents the distance between a reference sensor selected from the implantable sensing module and the damage, and n represents the number of sensor array elements in the implantable sensing module;
as seen from equation (5), in the near field condition, the steering vector is expressed as:
constructing a covariance matrix of the signal as:
C near-field ＝E[Y S (t)Y R (t) H ] (7)
wherein Y is S (t)＝[h{y S 1 (t)},h{y S 2 (t)},…,h{y S N (t)}] T ,Y R (t)＝[h{y R 1 (t)},h{y R 2 (t)},…,h{y R N (t)}] T H {.cndot } represents the Hilbert transform; signal y R i (t)＝y S i (t)+n i (t)，n i (t) represents a noise signal, and the superscript H represents a complex conjugate transpose;
decomposing the covariance matrix of the signal by a eigenvalue decomposition method:
wherein u= [ mu ] 1 ,μ 2 ,…,μ N ]Sigma represents a diagonal matrix, the values on the diagonal line of which are arranged in descending order of the magnitude of the characteristic values; u (U) S ＝[μ 1 ]Representing a signal subspace formed by eigenvectors corresponding to the maximum eigenvalues, U N ＝[μ 2 ,…,μ N ]Representing a noise subspace formed by eigenvectors corresponding to the remaining (N-1) eigenvalues;
based on the orthogonality of the signal subspace and the noise subspace, i.e. A (R, θ) H U N =0, where a (R, θ) represents a matrix representation of steering vectors as: a (R, θ) = [ a ] near-field 1 (R,θ),a near-field 2 (R,θ),…,a near-field N (R,θ)] T Then the two-dimensional spatial spectrum function P near-field MUSIC The expression of (R, θ) is configured as:
by changing the values of the parameters R and θ, each position of the detection or monitoring area is searched, a spatial spectral image is drawn, and lesions in the structure are imaged.
Further, the sensor module comprises eight sensor units, a driving signal is sent out by one sensor unit, stress waves are transmitted on the structure to be detected, and the other seven sensor units receive signals to capture damage information of the structure.
Further, in order for the sensor array to be able to acquire sufficient damage information, the number of columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensors is greater than four pairs.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the implantable integrated sensing module provides another novel coupling mode between the sensor and the structure, so that the sensor can work stably for a long time during the service period of the structure, is convenient to manage during use, and is easy to replace when damaged;
2. the self-receiving sensing module can be used for installing fewer sensing modules in the structure, fully capturing damage information of the structure and reducing the workload during installation;
3. the array stress wave signals captured by the self-receiving sensing module contain abundant structural state information, and the damage in the structure can be more accurately positioned and imaged through a spatial spectrum function, so that the state of the structure is estimated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a detailed construction of a columnar piezoelectric ceramic;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the internal construction of an implantable sensor module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a sensor module fabricated according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an assembly process of an implantable sensing module;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an implantable sensing module detection;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an implantable sensing module stress wave propagation mechanism;
fig. 7 is a method of imaging lesions based on an implantable sensing module.
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the sensor module 1, the columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensor 11, the sensor array 12, the shielding layer 13, the conducting wire shielding tube 14, the porous aviation plug 15, the grouting material 16,
the structure to be inspected 2 is to be inspected,
a multi-channel signal generator and collector 3,
the signal amplifier 4 is provided with a signal amplifier,
the signal display device 5 is provided with a display screen,
and a computer 6.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided in the present application will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present application will become more apparent in conjunction with the following description.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application are preferably implemented, and are not limited to any form of the present application. The technical features or combinations of technical features described in the embodiments of the present application should not be regarded as isolated, and they may be combined with each other to achieve a better technical effect. Additional implementations may also be included within the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application, and should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the examples of the present application pertain.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but should be considered part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
The drawings in the present application are all in a very simplified form and are all to a non-precise scale for the purpose of conveniently and clearly facilitating the description of the embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the limitations that the present application may implement. Any structural modification, proportional change or size adjustment should fall within the scope of the technical disclosure disclosed herein without affecting the effects and objectives achieved by the present application. And the same reference numbers appearing in the drawings throughout the application denote the same feature or element, and may be used in different embodiments.
According to the invention, the array formed by the columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensors is packaged in the module by the grouting material with high strength and low contractility, the module is implanted into the structure to be tested, the stress wave propagation signal of the structure is obtained by self-receiving through the array form of the module, and the positioning imaging and evaluation of the damage of the structure are realized.
As an example, the geometry of the implantable sensor module may be adjusted according to the size of the structure to be measured, in order to ensure the accuracy of detection, the number of the columnar piezoceramic sensor arrays is recommended to be not less than four pairs, eight sensor units in total, that is, eight columnar piezoceramic sensors, each pair being separated by two sensor units through a shielding layer; each sensor unit may function as both a driver and a sensor.
Eight sensor units (columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensors) are combined into a self-receiving sensing module.
The implantable spontaneous self-collection sensing module is convenient to install, easy to replace when damaged, convenient to use, capable of integrally managing and prolonging the service life of the sensor, capable of reducing the installation number of the modules in the detection structure, capable of effectively capturing damage information of the structure, capable of evaluating state conditions of the structure, capable of positioning and imaging damage, capable of improving detection efficiency, and capable of being applied to the damage detection and state monitoring fields of the structure.
An implantable spontaneous self-receiving sensing module design and damage test method based on a columnar piezoelectric ceramic array comprises the following steps:
step 1, designing and manufacturing an implantable spontaneous self-receiving sensing module;
and 2, a damage positioning imaging method of an implantable sensing module based on a columnar piezoelectric ceramic array.
The details are as follows:
in step 1, the design and manufacturing process of the implantable self-receiving sensing module mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: the size of the proper implantable sensing module 1 is determined according to the size of the structure 2 to be detected, the diameter of the sensing module is D, and the height of the sensing module is H; then, the columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensor 11 is determined to have the dimensions of Di as the inner diameter, do as the outer diameter and Hc as the height, as shown in FIG. 1; in order to ensure the precision in detection, the sensor array can acquire enough damage information, and the number of columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensors is not less than four pairs; as shown in fig. 2, the selected columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensors are encapsulated by epoxy resin and then connected with a wire shielding pipe, so that the sensors can be prevented from being damaged in the module pouring process, the wire shielding pipe can play a role in fixing the sensors, the two columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensors 11 are placed in the height direction, a shielding layer 13 is added in the middle of the two columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensors, and interference caused by overlarge direct waves in the use process is reduced, and a plurality of columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensors 11 form a sensor array 12;
step 1.2: the anode and the cathode of the columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensor are connected by a wire, and then pass through a wire shielding pipe 14 to be connected with a porous aviation plug 15; the grouting material 16 with high strength and low shrinkage performance is used as a packaging material of the sensor module, so that the sensor module can play a role in protection when the sensor array is used, and can provide a medium for the propagation process of stress waves, so that the normal operation of the sensor module is ensured;
step 1.3: as shown in fig. 3, the porous aviation plug 15 is fixed right above the interface of the module during pouring, so that after the module is manufactured, the porous aviation plug is connected with external equipment to control the whole module sensor to drive and receive stress wave signals.
In the step 2, the damage positioning imaging method of the implantable sensing module based on the columnar piezoelectric ceramic array comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: as shown in fig. 4, the sensor module is arranged by drilling holes according to the actual situation of the structure to be measured, and then the sensor module is sequentially connected with external equipment through a porous aviation plug, and the use equipment includes: a multichannel signal generator and collector 3, a signal amplifier 4, a signal display 5 and a computer 6, as shown in fig. 5; the stress wave propagation mechanism based on the implantable sensor module (namely eight sensor units) is shown in fig. 6, a driving signal is sent out by one sensor unit, the stress wave propagates on the structure to be detected, and the other seven sensor units receive signals and capture the damage information of the structure;
step 2.2: when in detection, firstly, a trigger instruction is utilized to send out an excitation signal, whether the signal is normal or not is checked through a waveform display, if the signal is distorted, the line connection is checked again, and the test is continued after the equipment is debugged again;
step 2.3: after the equipment is used and works normally, firstly collecting and obtaining the reference signals (under the non-damage state) y of each path h i (t) (i=1, 2, …, N represents the number of sensing paths), and then acquiring the damage signals y of the respective paths in the structural damage state d i (t)；
Step 2.4: as shown in fig. 7, in the detection region, when the sensor configuration satisfies the near field condition, a polar coordinate system is established with the center of the implantable sensor module as the origin, S2.1 to S2.4 denote the positions of the sensor units in the module, where S2.1 is the driving (the coordinate position is L 0 (R 0 ,θ 0 ) The other is received, assuming that the coordinate of the damage position is L (R, theta), the excitation signal adopts five peak waves modulated by a Hanning window, and y is used 0 Represented by f for its center frequency 0 Representing, the signal in the reference state may be represented as:
wherein Y is 0 (omega) represents the excitation signal y 0 J represents an imaginary unit and f represents a frequency; r is (r) i Representing the distance between the excitation sensor and the receiving sensor, y D i (t) represents a direct wave signal, y B i (t) represents a boundary reflection signal, and v represents a propagation velocity of the wave. In the damaged state, the damage can be regarded as a secondary wave source, and the signal thereof can be expressed as:
wherein y is S i (t) represents a lesion scattering signal, R 0 Indicating excitation sensor and damageDistance between R i Representing the distance between the receiving sensor and the lesion. Using the baseline subtraction method, the impairment scatter signal can be expressed as:
wherein, the formula (4) can be rewritten as:
wherein R represents the distance between a reference sensor selected from the implantable sensing module and the lesion, and n represents the number of sensor array elements in the implantable sensing module. It can be seen from equation (5) that in near field conditions, the steering vector can be expressed as:
constructing a covariance matrix of the signal as:
C near-field ＝E[Y S (t)Y R (t) H ] (7)
wherein Y is S (t)＝[h{y S 1 (t)},h{y S 2 (t)},…,h{y S N (t)}] T ,Y R (t)＝[h{y R 1 (t)},h{y R 2 (t)},…,h{y R N (t)}] T H {.cndot } represents the Hilbert transform; signal y R i (t)＝y S i (t)+n i (t)，n i And (t) represents a noise signal. The superscript H denotes the complex conjugate transpose.
Decomposing the covariance matrix of the signal by a eigenvalue decomposition method:
wherein u= [ mu ] 1 ,μ 2 ,…,μ N ]Sigma represents a diagonal matrix, the values on the diagonal line of which are arranged in descending order of the magnitude of the characteristic values; u (U) S ＝[μ 1 ]Representing a signal subspace formed by eigenvectors corresponding to the maximum eigenvalues, U N ＝[μ 2 ,…,μ N ]The noise subspace formed by the eigenvectors corresponding to the remaining (N-1) eigenvalues is represented. Based on the orthogonality of the signal subspace and the noise subspace, i.e. A (R, θ) H U N =0, where a (R, θ) represents a matrix representation of steering vectors as: a (R, θ) = [ a ] near -field 1 (R,θ),a near-field 2 (R,θ),…,a near-field N (R,θ)] T Then the two-dimensional spatial spectrum function P near-field MUSIC The expression of (R, θ) may be configured as:
by changing the values of the parameters R and θ, each position of the detection or monitoring area is searched, a spatial spectral image is drawn, and lesions in the structure are imaged.
The above description is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way. Any alterations or modifications of the above disclosed technology by those of ordinary skill in the art should be considered equivalent and valid embodiments, which fall within the scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. The method for designing and imaging the damage of the implantable piezoelectric sensing module of the concrete structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, designing and manufacturing an implantable spontaneous self-receiving sensing module;
and 2, a damage positioning imaging method of an implantable sensing module based on a columnar piezoelectric ceramic array.
2. The method for designing and imaging damage of implantable piezoelectric sensor module of concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein the designing and manufacturing process of the implantable spontaneous self-receiving sensor module in step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: the selected columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensors (11) are packaged by epoxy resin and then connected with a wire shielding pipe (14), the two columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensors are placed along the height direction, and a shielding layer (13) is added in the middle;
step 1.2: the anode and the cathode of the columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensor (11) are connected by a wire, and then pass through a wire shielding pipe (14) to be connected with a porous aviation plug (15); packaging the sensor module (1) by using a grouting material (16) with high strength and low shrinkage;
step 1.3: and fixing the porous aviation plug right above the interface of the module during pouring, and connecting the aviation plug with external equipment after the module is manufactured so as to control the sensor to drive and receive stress wave signals.
3. The method for designing and imaging damage to an implantable piezoelectric sensor module of a concrete structure according to claim 1, wherein the method for imaging damage in step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: according to the actual conditions of structure (2) to be measured, arrange sensing module (1), then connect gradually sensing module (1) and external equipment through porous aviation plug (15), the use equipment includes: a multichannel signal generator and collector (3), a signal amplifier (4), a signal display (5) and a computer (6);
step 2.2: firstly, sending out an excitation signal by utilizing a trigger instruction, checking whether the signal is normal or not through a waveform display, and if the signal is distorted, checking the line connection again and debugging the use equipment again;
step 2.3: after the equipment is used and works normally, the reference signals y of all paths are acquired firstly h i (t), wherein i=1, 2, …, N represents the number of sensing paths, and the reference signal refers to a signal in a non-damaged state; then obtaining the damage of each path under the structural damage stateSignal y d i (t)；
Step 2.4: in the detection area, when the sensor configuration meets the near field condition, a polar coordinate system is established by taking the center of the implantable sensing module as an origin, S2.1-S2.4 represent the positions of the sensing units in the module, wherein S2.1 is used as a drive, and the S2.1 coordinate position is L 0 (R 0 ,θ 0 ) S2.2-S2.4 as the reception, assuming the coordinates of the lesion location as L (R, θ), the excitation signal adopts five peak waves modulated by the Hanning window, and y is used 0 Represented by f for its center frequency 0 Expressed, the signal in the reference state is expressed as:
wherein Y is 0 (omega) represents the excitation signal y 0 J represents an imaginary unit and f represents a frequency; r is (r) i Representing the distance between the excitation sensor and the receiving sensor, y D i (t) represents a direct wave signal, y B i (t) represents a boundary reflection signal, v represents a propagation velocity of the wave; in the damaged state, the damage is considered as a secondary wave source, and the signal is expressed as:
wherein y is S i (t) represents a lesion scattering signal, R 0 Indicating the distance between the excitation sensor and the lesion, R i Representing the distance between the receiving sensor and the lesion;
using the baseline subtraction method, the impairment scatter signal is expressed as:
wherein, formula (4) is rewritten as:
wherein R represents the distance between a reference sensor selected from the implantable sensing module and the damage, and n represents the number of sensor array elements in the implantable sensing module;
as seen from equation (5), in the near field condition, the steering vector is expressed as:
constructing a covariance matrix of the signal as:
C near-field ＝E[Y S (t)Y R (t) H ] (7)
wherein Y is S (t)＝[h{y S 1 (t)},h{y S 2 (t)},…,h{y S N (t)}] T ,Y R (t)＝[h{y R 1 (t)},h{y R 2 (t)},…,h{y R N (t)}] T H {.cndot } represents the Hilbert transform; signal y R i (t)＝y S i (t)+n i (t)，n i (t) represents a noise signal, and the superscript H represents a complex conjugate transpose;
decomposing the covariance matrix of the signal by a eigenvalue decomposition method:
wherein u= [ mu ] 1 ,μ 2 ,…,μ N ]Sigma represents a diagonal matrix, the values on the diagonal line of which are arranged in descending order of the magnitude of the characteristic values; u (U) S ＝[μ 1 ]Representing a signal subspace formed by eigenvectors corresponding to the maximum eigenvalues, U N ＝[μ 2 ,…,μ N ]Representing the bits corresponding to the remaining (N-1) eigenvaluesA noise subspace formed by the syndrome vectors;
based on the orthogonality of the signal subspace and the noise subspace, i.e. A (R, θ) H U N =0, where a (R, θ) represents a matrix representation of steering vectors as: a (R, θ) = [ a ] near-field 1 (R,θ),a near-field 2 (R,θ),…,a near-field N (R,θ)] T Then the two-dimensional spatial spectrum function P near-field MUSIC The expression of (R, θ) is configured as:
by changing the values of the parameters R and θ, each position of the detection or monitoring area is searched, a spatial spectral image is drawn, and lesions in the structure are imaged.
4. A concrete structure implantable piezoelectric sensor module design and damage imaging method as recited in claim 3, wherein the sensor module comprises eight sensor units, the drive signal is sent by one sensor unit, the stress wave propagates on the structure to be measured, and the other seven sensor units receive the signals and capture damage information of the structure.
5. The implantable piezoelectric sensor module design and damage imaging method of claim 2, wherein the number of columnar piezoelectric ceramic sensors is greater than four pairs for the sensor array to be able to obtain sufficient damage information.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310099930.6A CN116482218A (en) | 2023-02-09 | 2023-02-09 | Design and damage imaging method of implantable piezoelectric sensing module of concrete structure |
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