CN116470090A - Integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system - Google Patents
Integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116470090A CN116470090A CN202210610727.6A CN202210610727A CN116470090A CN 116470090 A CN116470090 A CN 116470090A CN 202210610727 A CN202210610727 A CN 202210610727A CN 116470090 A CN116470090 A CN 116470090A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 253
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 253
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 251
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910008008 ZrCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
- H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells and discloses an integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system. The fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen supply system, an air supply system, a thermal management system and a control system. The outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is provided with a three-dimensional net-shaped electric heater, a heat-conducting fluid flow pipeline is arranged in the tank, and fins are arranged on the pipeline to increase the heating area. When the system operates, high-temperature heat-conducting fluid flowing out of the fuel cell stack heats the hydrogen storage tank to accelerate the hydrogen release process of the hydrogen storage alloy, and the system is in a dynamic balance state; the hydrogenation process uses the heat released by the hydrogen storage alloy to maintain the temperature of the electric pile, so that cold start is avoided. The invention realizes the waste heat utilization of the fuel cell stack, reduces the energy consumption, avoids the installation of a high-power radiator in the system, and reduces the volume and the cost of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and relates to an integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system.
Background
The hydrogen energy has the advantages of cleanness, high efficiency, regeneration and the like. In the face of increasingly prominent environmental problems in the world, hydrogen fuel cells become a new technology industry supported by various countries because of the advantages of environmental protection and high energy conversion rate, and the fuel cell technology is expected to be applied in the fields of automobiles, power generation, aerospace and the like on a large scale.
At present, the hydrogen storage and transportation modes mainly comprise the following steps: high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, organic liquid storage and transportation and solid hydrogen storage. The solid hydrogen is stored in the solid material, the hydrogen which can be stored under the same volume is more than twice of the liquid hydrogen, the storage pressure is low, and the safety is good. In the solid-state hydrogen storage technology, the utilization of metal hydrides as hydrogen storage materials is relatively mature. When the hydrogen absorbing and releasing reaction occurs in the hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen storage alloy usually absorbs and releases heat. During dehydrogenation, the hydrogen storage alloy needs to absorb heat to release hydrogen gas, and therefore a heating device needs to be provided in the hydrogen storage tank. In the hydrogenation process, the hydrogen storage alloy releases heat. How to fully utilize the heat released by the hydrogen storage alloy, reduce the energy consumption and improve the energy utilization rate has very important significance.
The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN108011114A discloses a fuel cell system and a method for starting a vehicle at low temperature by using an alloy hydrogen storage material, wherein the vehicle fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack, an air path subsystem, a hydrogen path subsystem, a cooling liquid path subsystem and a control circuit subsystem, the hydrogen path subsystem comprises an alloy hydrogen storage tank branch and a high-pressure gas cylinder branch, and the alloy hydrogen storage tank is arranged in a water tank of the cooling liquid path subsystem. The method for low-temperature start is as follows: the hydrogen in the high-pressure gas cylinder is filled into the alloy hydrogen storage tank, the heat is released when the hydrogen storage material is filled, the cooling liquid in the water tank is heated, when the cooling liquid reaches the set temperature, the circulating water pump is started to heat the fuel cell stack, and when the temperature of the stack reaches the set operable temperature, the hydrogen filling is stopped, and the fuel cell system is started. The invention provides a concept of solving low-temperature starting by utilizing heat released by the hydrogen storage alloy, but the heat utilization is insufficient, and the whole vehicle needs a high-pressure gas cylinder to store hydrogen, so that the safety is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the existing problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system with higher energy utilization rate and higher safety.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen supply device, an air supply device, a heat exchange circulation device and a control device, wherein the hydrogen storage alloy with a hydrogenation and hydrogen release function is stored in the hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage alloy supplies fuel to the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen supply device, the air supply device supplies air to the fuel cell stack, the heat exchange circulation device is used for realizing heat transfer between the hydrogen storage tank and the fuel cell stack, and the control device is in control connection with the hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen supply device, the air supply device and the heat exchange circulation device; wherein an electric heating device is arranged at the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage tank; the heat exchange circulating device comprises a radiator, a heat exchange circulating pump, a first circulating pipeline, a second circulating pipeline and a bypass pipeline; the heat-conducting fluid outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the heat-conducting fluid inlet of the hydrogen storage tank through the second circulating pipeline, the heat-conducting fluid inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the heat-conducting fluid outlet of the hydrogen storage tank through the first circulating pipeline, and the hydrogen storage tank, the first circulating pipeline, the fuel cell stack and the second circulating pipeline jointly form a heat exchange circulating loop; the heat exchange circulating pump is arranged on the heat exchange circulating loop; the bypass pipeline is connected between the first circulating pipeline and the second circulating pipeline, and the radiator is arranged on the bypass pipeline; a third valve is arranged on the bypass pipeline; and a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor are respectively arranged at the heat-conducting fluid inlet and the heat-conducting fluid outlet of the fuel cell stack.
More preferably, the hydrogen storage alloy is a hydrogen storage alloy particle arranged in the hydrogen storage tank, and the hydrogen storage alloy particle is a ZrCo alloy particle, a LaNi alloy particle or a Mg 2 Ni alloy particles.
More preferably, the electric heating device has a three-dimensional network structure to which the hydrogen storage alloy particles are attached.
More preferably, a heat exchange pipeline through which the heat transfer fluid flows is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank, the heat exchange pipeline spirals in the hydrogen storage tank, and fins are arranged on the heat exchange pipeline.
More preferably, the hydrogen supply device comprises a second valve arranged at the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen flowmeter is arranged behind the second valve, and the control device is in control connection with the second valve and the hydrogen flowmeter.
More preferably, a hydrogen circulation pump is connected between the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the hydrogen circulation pump is in control connection with the control device.
More preferably, the air supply device is provided with a supply valve, a flowmeter and a humidity adjusting device controlled by the control device, and the supply valve, the flowmeter and the humidity adjusting device are used for controlling air flow, pressure and humidity entering the fuel cell stack.
More preferably, the control method in the start-up state is as follows: starting the fuel cell system and simultaneously starting the electric heating device in the hydrogen storage tank; the hydrogen storage alloy releases hydrogen into the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack normally operates; and the heat conduction fluid starts to enter the fuel cell stack for cooling, and the heated heat conduction fluid enters the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank for heating the hydrogen storage alloy.
The control method after the system stably operates is as follows: closing the electric heating device in the hydrogen storage tank, wherein the heat of the fuel cell system is in a dynamic balance state; at this time, the high-temperature heat-conducting fluid flowing out of the fuel cell stack enters the hydrogen storage tank to heat the hydrogen storage alloy, and the temperature of the heat-conducting fluid is reduced; the cooled heat-conducting fluid enters the fuel cell stack to cool the fuel cell stack, and the temperature of the heat-conducting fluid is increased; and the cycle is performed.
When the fuel cell stack is in a high-power running state, the radiator is started to conduct auxiliary heat dissipation, at the moment, a part of high-temperature heat conduction fluid flowing out of the fuel cell stack flows into the radiator to cool, a part of high-temperature heat conduction fluid flows into the hydrogen storage tank to heat the hydrogen storage alloy, and after the cooled heat conduction fluid is mixed, the mixture flows into the fuel cell stack again.
When the fuel cell stack is in a high-power running state, whether the radiator is needed to be used for assisting in heat dissipation is judged by monitoring the consumption of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank and the temperature of the heat conduction fluid entering the fuel cell stack.
In the hydrogenation process of the hydrogen storage tank, heat is taken away by utilizing low-temperature heat conduction fluid; high temperature heat transfer fluid flowing from the hydrogen storage tank flows into the fuel cell stack to maintain the temperature of the fuel cell stack; when the temperature of the heat conduction fluid flowing into the fuel cell stack is monitored to be too high, the radiator is started, and at the moment, part of the high-temperature heat conduction fluid flowing out of the hydrogen storage tank flows into the radiator to cool, and the other part of the high-temperature heat conduction fluid flows into the fuel cell stack to maintain the temperature of the fuel cell stack.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
1) The hydrogen storage alloy is typically heated during the hydrogen desorption process to increase the desorption rate, and conventional systems typically use electrical heating. The invention fully utilizes the heat generated by the fuel cell stack to heat the hydrogen storage alloy, realizes the circulation and full utilization of waste heat, and has obvious energy-saving effect.
2) The electric heating device is of a three-dimensional net structure, the structure is favorable for attaching hydrogen storage alloy particles to the electric heating device, the contact area between the heating device and the hydrogen storage alloy is increased, and the heating starting time is shortened.
3) The fins are arranged on the heat-conducting fluid flow channel, so that the contact area between the hydrogen storage alloy and the cooling flow channel is increased, and the heating efficiency is improved.
4) High-power radiators are often required for cooling and radiating in the traditional fuel cell system, and the radiators are large in size and high in energy consumption. In the invention, the hydrogen storage tank plays a role in heat dissipation when the system operates, and the small-sized heat radiator is only used for assisting in heat dissipation, so that the volume and the cost of the fuel cell system are reduced while the energy consumption is reduced.
5) In the invention, the temperature of the fuel cell stack is maintained by utilizing the heat released by the hydrogen storage alloy in the hydrogenation process, so that the cold start phenomenon of the stack is avoided, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a hydrogen storage tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate.
1: fuel cell stack, 2: hydrogen storage tank, 3: hydrogen supply device, 4: air supply device, 5: heat exchange circulation device, 6: and a control device.
2-1: electric heating device, 2-2: heat exchange pipeline, 2-3: hydrogen storage alloy particles, 2-4: a first valve.
3-1: second valve, 3-2: hydrogen flowmeter, 3-3: and a hydrogen circulation pump.
5-1: radiator, 5-2: heat exchange circulating pump, 5-3: first circulation pipeline, 5-4: second circulation pipeline, 5-5: bypass pipe, 5-6: third valve, 5-7: first temperature sensor, 5-8: and a second temperature sensor.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, for the azimuth words such as "center", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., the azimuth and positional relationships are based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, it is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and it is not to be construed as limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention that the device or element referred to must have a specific azimuth configuration and operation.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. Thus, the definition of "a first", "a second" feature may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features, and in the description of the invention, "at least" means one or more, unless clearly specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "assembled," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; or may be a mechanical connection; can be directly connected or connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless specified and limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "below," and "above" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply representing the first feature as having a higher level than the second feature. The first feature being "above," "below," and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level below the second feature.
The following description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is further provided with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the technical scheme and the beneficial effects of the present invention are more clear and definite. The embodiments described below are exemplary by referring to the drawings for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen storage tank 2, a hydrogen supply device 3, an air supply device 4, a heat exchange circulation device 5 and a control device 6, wherein the hydrogen storage alloy is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 2 and has a hydrogenation and hydrogen release function, hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage alloy provides fuel for the fuel cell stack 1 through the hydrogen supply device 3, the air supply device 4 provides air for the fuel cell stack 1, the heat exchange circulation device 5 is used for realizing heat transfer between the hydrogen storage tank 2 and the fuel cell stack 1, and the control device 6 is in control connection with the hydrogen storage tank 2, the hydrogen supply device 3, the air supply device 4 and the heat exchange circulation device 5.
The hydrogen storage tank is filled with MHn, wherein M is hydrogen storage alloy such as ZrCo alloy, laNi alloy, mg 2 Ni, etc., can be used, and MHn is a hydrogen storage hydride. The hydrogen desorption process of the hydrogen occluding alloy is an endothermic process, and it is necessary to increase the hydrogen desorption rate by heating, and the higher the temperature, the higher the hydrogen desorption rate of the hydrogen occluding alloy. Conversely, a great amount of heat is released in the hydrogenation process, and heat dissipation for the hydrogen storage tank is needed in time.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the hydrogen storage tank 2 in this embodiment, and a first valve 2-4 is provided at the hydrogenation port of the hydrogen storage tank 2. An electric heating device 2-1 is arranged at the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 and is used for heating the hydrogen storage alloy particles 2-3 in the hydrogen storage tank 2. The electric heating device 2-1 is of a three-dimensional net structure, which is beneficial to the adhesion of the hydrogen storage alloy particles 2-3 on the electric heating device and shortens the heating time. The hydrogen storage tank is internally provided with a heat exchange pipeline 2-2, and the heat conduction fluid in the heat exchange pipeline 2-2 is utilized to fully heat the hydrogen storage alloy particles 2-3. The heat exchange pipeline 2-2 spirals inside the hydrogen storage tank 2, fins are arranged on the heat exchange pipeline 2-2, and the heating area is increased.
Referring again to fig. 1, the hydrogen gas supply means 3 includes a second valve 3-1 provided at the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 for controlling the flow rate of hydrogen gas into the fuel cell stack 1. And a hydrogen flowmeter 3-2 is arranged behind the second valve 3-1, the real-time flow of hydrogen is monitored, and the total amount of hydrogen flowing out of the hydrogen storage tank can be obtained after integrating the flow and time through a control device 6. The control device 6 is in control connection with the second valve 3-1 and the hydrogen flowmeter 3-2, and is used for controlling the flow rate, pressure and the like of the hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack 1. A hydrogen circulation pump 3-3 is connected between the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 to realize the recycling of residual hydrogen.
The air supply device 4 is provided with supply valves, flow meters and humidity adjusting devices controlled by the control device 6 for controlling the air flow, pressure, humidity etc. entering the fuel cell stack 1.
The heat exchange circulation device 5 is used for realizing heat exchange circulation between the fuel cell stack 1 and the hydrogen storage tank 2 and heat dissipation during hydrogenation of the hydrogen storage tank. The heat exchanger comprises a radiator 5-1, a heat exchange circulating pump 5-2, a first circulating pipeline 5-3, a second circulating pipeline 5-4 and a bypass pipeline 5-5; the heat-conducting fluid outlet of the fuel cell electric pile 1 is connected with the heat-conducting fluid inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 through the second circulating pipeline 5-4, the heat-conducting fluid inlet of the fuel cell electric pile 1 is connected with the heat-conducting fluid outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2 through the first circulating pipeline 5-3, and the hydrogen storage tank 1, the first circulating pipeline 5-3, the fuel cell electric pile 1 and the second circulating pipeline 5-4 jointly form a heat exchange circulating loop; the heat exchange circulating pump 5-2 is arranged on the heat exchange circulating loop; the bypass pipeline 5-5 is connected between the first circulating pipeline 5-3 and the second circulating pipeline 5-4, and the radiator 5-1 is arranged on the bypass pipeline 5-5; a third valve 5-6 is arranged on the bypass pipeline 5-5; a first temperature sensor 5-7 and a second temperature sensor 5-8 are respectively arranged at a heat conducting fluid inlet and a heat conducting fluid outlet of the fuel cell stack 1.
When the device works, the heat conduction fluid circularly flows between the fuel cell stack 1 and the hydrogen storage tank 2 under the drive of the heat exchange circulating pump 5-2, the third valve 5-6 is used for controlling the flow of the heat conduction fluid entering the radiator 5-1, the first temperature sensor 5-7 and the second temperature sensor 5-8 are used for measuring the temperature of the heat conduction fluid entering and exiting the fuel cell stack 1, and collected data are returned to the control device 6.
The integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system provided in this embodiment adopts the following control method.
1) And (5) starting state.
The fuel cell system is started up while the electric heating device 2-1 of the hydrogen storage tank 2 is turned on. Heating to cause MH n Releasing hydrogen which enters the fuel cell stack 1 to react to generate heat. The temperature of the heat conduction fluid flowing out of the fuel cell stack 1 is continuously increased, and the second temperature sensor 5-8 at the outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 monitors in real time to obtain the temperature T of the heat conduction fluid flowing out of the fuel cell stack 1 out . When the measured temperature T of the heat-conducting fluid out Above a preset value T L At this time, the electric heating device 2-1 is turned off. The heat-conducting fluid can completely provide the heat required by the hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen release process.
2) And (3) a stable running state.
The temperature T of the heat-conducting fluid measured by the second temperature sensor 5-8 at the outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 out In a preset temperature interval [ T ] L ,T H ]When the system heat is in a dynamic balance state. At this time, the low-temperature heat conduction fluid flows into the fuel cell stack 1, and the high-temperature heat conduction fluid flowing out of the fuel cell stack 1 enters the hydrogen storage tank 2 to heat the hydrogen storage alloy, so that the temperature of the heat conduction fluid is reduced. The cooled heat conduction fluid flows through the heat exchange circulating pump 5-2 and then enters the fuel cell stack 1 again to cool the fuel cell stack 1.
When it is necessary to increase the fuel cell power, more hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the fuel cell stack 1, and the heat released from the fuel cell stack 1 increases with the power. The temperature of the heat transfer fluid flowing out of the fuel cell stack 1 increases as the power of the fuel cell stack 1 increases, and the temperature at which the hydrogen storage alloy is heated increases. The rate at which hydrogen is released by the hydrogen storage alloy increases with increasing heating temperature, providing more hydrogen to the stack. The whole system is still in a dynamic balance state.
3) High power operating conditions.
During operation of the fuel cell system, the first temperature sensor 5-7 at the inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 monitors in real time the temperature T of the heat transfer fluid flowing into the fuel cell stack 1 in The hydrogen flow q is monitored in real time by the hydrogen flow meter 3-2 at the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 2, and the total consumption V of hydrogen can be calculated by integrating the hydrogen flow with time. Multiple experiments are performed in advance to obtain the temperature T of the heat transfer fluid flowing into the fuel cell stack 1 in The amount of hydrogen consumed V and whether or not auxiliary heat dissipation using the radiator 5-1 is required. According to the temperature T of the heat-conducting fluid in When the consumption V of the hydrogen is judged to be in need of auxiliary heat dissipation, the third valve 5-6 in front of the radiator 5-1 is opened, and the radiator 5-1 is started. At this time, a part of the high-temperature heat conduction fluid flowing out of the fuel cell stack 1 flows into the radiator 5-1 to cool down, and the other part flows into the hydrogen storage tank 2 to heat the hydrogen storage alloy. The cooled heat-conducting fluid is mixed and flows into the fuel cell stack 1 again after passing through the heat exchange circulating pump 5-2.
4) Hydrogenation state.
When the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 2 is used up, it is necessary to hydrogenate the hydrogen storage tank 2, and the fuel cell stack 1 stops operating. The hydrogen storage alloy releases a large amount of heat in the hydrogenation process, and the heat is taken away by utilizing the heat conducting fluid. The heat carried away by the heat-conducting fluid may be dissipated by: a) The high temperature heat transfer fluid flowing from the hydrogen storage tank 2 flows into the fuel cell stack 1 to maintain the temperature of the stack, avoiding cold start when the stack is operated again. b) During hydrogenation, the first temperature sensor 5-7 at the inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 monitors the temperature T of the flowing heat conducting fluid in real time in When T in Above a preset value T limit At this time, the radiator 5-1 is started, and at this time, a part of the high-temperature heat conduction fluid flowing out of the hydrogen storage tank 2 flows into the radiator 5-1 to cool down, and a part flows into the fuel cell stack 1 to maintain the temperature.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art from the foregoing description of the structure and principles that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, but is intended to cover modifications and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. The portions of the detailed description that are not presented are all prior art or common general knowledge.
Claims (10)
1. The integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen supply device, an air supply device, a heat exchange circulation device and a control device, wherein the hydrogen storage alloy with a hydrogenation and hydrogen release function is stored in the hydrogen storage tank, hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage alloy supplies fuel to the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen supply device, the air supply device supplies air to the fuel cell stack, the heat exchange circulation device is used for realizing heat transfer between the hydrogen storage tank and the fuel cell stack, and the control device is in control connection with the hydrogen storage tank, the hydrogen supply device, the air supply device and the heat exchange circulation device; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
an electric heating device is arranged at the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage tank;
the heat exchange circulating device comprises a radiator, a heat exchange circulating pump, a first circulating pipeline, a second circulating pipeline and a bypass pipeline; the heat-conducting fluid outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the heat-conducting fluid inlet of the hydrogen storage tank through the second circulating pipeline, the heat-conducting fluid inlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the heat-conducting fluid outlet of the hydrogen storage tank through the first circulating pipeline, and the hydrogen storage tank, the first circulating pipeline, the fuel cell stack and the second circulating pipeline jointly form a heat exchange circulating loop; the heat exchange circulating pump is arranged on the heat exchange circulating loop; the bypass pipeline is connected between the first circulating pipeline and the second circulating pipeline, and the radiator is arranged on the bypass pipeline; a third valve is arranged on the bypass pipeline; and a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor are respectively arranged at the heat-conducting fluid inlet and the heat-conducting fluid outlet of the fuel cell stack.
2. The integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen storage alloy is hydrogen storage alloy particles arranged in the hydrogen storage tank, and the hydrogen storage alloy particles are ZrCo alloy particles, laNi alloy particles or Mg 2 Ni alloy particles.
3. An integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein said electric heating means is a three-dimensional network structure to which said hydrogen storage alloy particles are attached.
4. An integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1 wherein a heat exchange conduit through which a heat transfer fluid flows is provided in said hydrogen storage tank, said heat exchange conduit spiraling within said hydrogen storage tank and fins being provided on said heat exchange conduit.
5. An integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen supply device comprises a second valve arranged at the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen flow meter is arranged behind the second valve, and the control device is in control connection with the second valve and the hydrogen flow meter.
6. An integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein a hydrogen circulation pump is connected between the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the hydrogen circulation pump is in control connection with the control device.
7. An integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein said air supply means is provided with supply valves, flow meters and humidity regulating means controlled by said control means for controlling the flow of air, pressure, humidity into said fuel cell stack.
8. An integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the control method in the start-up state is as follows: starting the fuel cell system and simultaneously starting the electric heating device in the hydrogen storage tank; the hydrogen storage alloy releases hydrogen into the fuel cell stack, and the fuel cell stack normally operates; the heat conduction fluid starts to enter the fuel cell stack for cooling, and the warmed heat conduction fluid enters the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank for heating the hydrogen storage alloy;
the control method after the system stably operates is as follows: closing the electric heating device in the hydrogen storage tank, wherein the heat of the fuel cell system is in a dynamic balance state; at this time, the high-temperature heat-conducting fluid flowing out of the fuel cell stack enters the hydrogen storage tank to heat the hydrogen storage alloy, and the temperature of the heat-conducting fluid is reduced; the cooled heat-conducting fluid enters the fuel cell stack to cool the fuel cell stack, and the temperature of the heat-conducting fluid is increased; and the cycle is performed.
9. The integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein when the fuel cell stack is in a high-power operation state, the radiator is started to perform auxiliary heat dissipation, at this time, a part of high-temperature heat conduction fluid flowing out of the fuel cell stack flows into the radiator to cool, a part flows into the hydrogen storage tank to heat the hydrogen storage alloy, and the cooled heat conduction fluid flows into the fuel cell stack again after being mixed;
when the fuel cell stack is in a high-power running state, whether the radiator is needed to be used for assisting in heat dissipation is judged by monitoring the consumption of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank and the temperature of the heat conduction fluid entering the fuel cell stack.
10. An integrated hydrogen storage alloy hydrogen supply fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein heat is carried away by a heat conducting fluid during hydrogenation of said hydrogen storage tank; high temperature heat transfer fluid flowing from the hydrogen storage tank flows into the fuel cell stack to maintain the temperature of the fuel cell stack; when the temperature of the heat conduction fluid flowing into the fuel cell stack is monitored to be too high, the radiator is started, and at the moment, part of the high-temperature heat conduction fluid flowing out of the hydrogen storage tank flows into the radiator to cool, and the other part of the high-temperature heat conduction fluid flows into the fuel cell stack to maintain the temperature of the fuel cell stack.
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| CN116960397A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-10-27 | 北京永氢储能科技有限责任公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell system and method for enhancing heat exchange |
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| CN116960397A (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-10-27 | 北京永氢储能科技有限责任公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell system and method for enhancing heat exchange |
| CN116960397B (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-12-15 | 北京永氢储能科技有限责任公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell system and method for enhancing heat exchange |
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