CN110400945A - Fuel cell residual neat recovering system, fuel cell car and its working method - Google Patents
Fuel cell residual neat recovering system, fuel cell car and its working method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110400945A CN110400945A CN201910799163.3A CN201910799163A CN110400945A CN 110400945 A CN110400945 A CN 110400945A CN 201910799163 A CN201910799163 A CN 201910799163A CN 110400945 A CN110400945 A CN 110400945A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of fuel cell residual neat recovering system, fuel cell car and its working methods.The system comprises phase-change thermal storage module, fuel cell pack, fuel cell cooling system, hydrogen supply system, air supply systems.The present invention recycles heat preservation and cold-starting of the fuel cell waste heat for the post fuel battery system that stops, and has structure simple, small in size, flexible design, easy to use, Maintenance free, and is easily managed equal remarkable advantages.Therefore, the present invention has fabulous application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fuel cells applications technical fields, more particularly to fuel cell residual neat recovering system, fuel electricity
Pond automobile and its working method.
Background technique
The chemical energy being stored in fuel is directly changed into electric energy by electrochemical reaction by fuel battery energy, not by Kano
The limitation of circulation, usual transfer efficiency is 50% or more, it is considered to be the generation technology of 21 century first choice.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) electricity generation system is used as the dynamical system of the vehicles such as automobile, in winter
When, it may work in 0 DEG C of environment below, even -40 DEG C of low temperature.Under such low temperature environment, when battery does not work,
Internal water may freeze and volume is caused to become larger, and cause fuel cell spalling to damage, and internal temperature of battery is below the freezing point
When, exist without Free water, fuel cell will face starting failure, even if there are Free water, due under low temperature in fuel cell
Catalyst activity is very low, it is also difficult to which starting power generation exports electric energy outward.
Can be generated when operation of fuel cells with the comparable waste heat waste heat of generated energy, if by fuel cell generate heat store
Product gets up to be used when internal temperature of battery is lower, then internal temperature of battery can effectively be delayed to decline and prevent from tying
Ice to enhance fuel cell in the adaptability of cold district, while can also realize battery cold-starting, further increase energy
Source comprehensive utilization ratio.
To extremely have if a kind of technical solution of operation of fuel cells waste heat for sufficiently recycling automobile can be provided
Meaning.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of fuel cell residual neat recovering system, including phase-change thermal storage module,
Fuel cell pack, fuel cell cooling system, hydrogen supply system, air supply system；Wherein, fuel cell cooling system packet
Include radiator, circulating cooling pump and triple valve；Air supply system includes air pump, humidifier；
Phase-change thermal storage module includes a cavity, and inside cavity fills phase-change material, and there are be partially not filled by phase transformation material
The vacuum space of material, cavity is interior to have fluid pipeline, gas pipeline；
Fuel cell pack has cooling liquid outlet, coolant inlet, air intake, air outlet slit, hydrogen inlet, hydrogen to go out
Mouthful；
Radiator is provided with coolant inlet, cooling liquid outlet；
Humidifier has dry gas inlet, gas vent, cathode exhaust gas entrance, waste gas outlet；
The connection relationship of each section are as follows:
Fuel cell pack cooling liquid outlet connects phase-change thermal storage module fluid pipeline entrance, and triple valve inlet connects phase transformation storage
The outlet of thermal modules fluid pipeline, the one outlet of triple valve connect fuel cell heat sink coolant inlet, and triple valve is another out
Mouth connects cooling cycle pump intake, the outlet connection fuel electricity of coolant circulation pump together with fuel cell heat sink cooling liquid outlet
Pond coolant inlet；Hydrogen inlet, hydrogen outlet connect hydrogen supply system；Air intake, air outlet slit connect air supply
System；
Outlet of air pump connects phase-change thermal storage modular gas entrance, and the connection of phase-change thermal storage modular gas pipe outlet adds
The gas vent of the dry gas inlet of wet device, humidifier connects fuel cell pack air intake, fuel cell pack air outlet slit
Humidifier cathode exhaust gas entrance is connected, air humidifier waste gas outlet discharges exhaust gas.
Further, in phase-change thermal storage module, fluid pipeline and gas pipeline are immersed in phase-change material.
Further, fluid pipeline and gas pipeline are the access of helical arrangement structure.
Further, the fluid pipeline, gas pipeline of phase-change thermal storage module are made by Heat Conduction Material.
Further, fuel cell pack and/or phase-change thermal storage module and/or triple valve and/or the connecting tube between them
Road is encapsulated by heat-barrier material.
A kind of fuel cell car is provided with above-mentioned fuel cell residual neat recovering system.
The working method of above-mentioned fuel cell car, comprising:
It is the process of fuel cell system heat preservation when stopping using waste heat；
The process that fuel cell car is quickly cold-started is realized using waste heat；
The process for keeping the air themperature for entering battery pile constant；
Wherein: when using preheating to stop in the process of fuel cell system heat preservation:
When operation of fuel cells: the heat absorption of phase-change thermal storage module, thermal energy storage is in module, control triple valve connection heat dissipation
Device closes another outlet；
When fuel cell: phase-change thermal storage module heat release, control triple valve are closed the outlet of connection radiator, are opened
Another outlet is opened, coolant circulation pump tick-over is controlled, is kept the temperature for fuel cell pack；
In the process being quickly cold-started using waste heat realization fuel cell car:
When automobile starting, control triple valve opens the outlet of connection radiator, closes another outlet, passes through phase-change thermal storage mould
Block heat release is system warm-up, to realize the quick cold start-up of fuel cell；
In the process for keeping the air themperature for entering battery pile constant:
When air flows through phase-change thermal storage module, if air themperature is higher than phase-change material, the heat absorption of phase transformation module makes air themperature
It reduces, conversely, if air themperature is lower than phase-change material, phase transformation module heat release increases air themperature, to make to enter fuel electricity
The air themperature of Chi Dui is constant.
The invention has the benefit that
The present invention devises a kind of novel fuel cell residual-heat utilization technology scheme, can preferably be suitable for fuel cell
In automobile, fuel cell car is improved under the low temperature adaptability of cold district, the low temperature environment for realizing fuel cell car
Quickly cold start-up improves the stability for entering the air themperature of fuel cell pack.
The configuration of the present invention is simple, small in size, flexible design, easy to use, Maintenance free, long service life, and it is easy to pipe
Reason.It can be widely used on existing fuel automobile.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is fuel cell car residual neat recovering system structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is phase-change thermal storage modular structure schematic diagram.
In figure: 1: phase-change thermal storage module；11: vacuum layer；12: phase-change material；13: fluid pipeline；14: gas pipeline；15:
Heat-barrier material；2: fuel cell pack；3: fuel cell cooling system；4: hydrogen supply system；5: air supply system；51: empty
Air pump valve；52: humidifier.
Specific embodiment
Fuel cell car residual neat recovering system of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, including phase-change thermal storage module 1, fuel electricity
Pond heap 2, fuel cell cooling system 3, hydrogen supply system 4, air supply system 5.Wherein, fuel cell cooling system 3 wraps
Include radiator 32, circulating cooling pump and triple valve 31.Air supply system 5 includes air pump 51, humidifier 52.
As shown in Fig. 2, phase-change thermal storage module 1 includes a cavity, inside cavity fills phase-change material 12, and there are parts
Space is not filled by (vacuum layer 11 as illustrated in the drawing) to adapt to the volume that phase-change material 12 occurs because Process of absorption or liberation of heat generates phase transformation
Variation, cavity is interior to have fluid pipeline 13, gas pipeline 14, is immersed in the phase-change material 12 of inside modules, preferably spiral
The access of arrangement architecture, this structure can be such that each pipeline comes into full contact with phase-change material 12, with guarantee heat exchange validity and
Uniformity.
Phase-change thermal storage, which is using phase-change material 12 in solidification ,/fusing, condensation/gasifies, sublimates/distils and other forms
In phase transition process, the principle of latent heat of phase change will be absorbed or discharged to store the technology of energy, with unit mass (volume)
The features such as amount of stored heat is big, temperature fluctuation is small (storage, exothermic process approximately constant temperature), chemical stability and safety are good.Phase-change thermal storage
Module 1 can get up the accumulation of heat that fuel cell generates to be used when internal temperature of battery is lower, then
Enhance fuel cell in the adaptability of cold district, while can also realize battery low-temperature cool starting, it is comprehensive to further increase the energy
Close utilization rate.
Fuel cell pack 2 has cooling liquid outlet, coolant inlet, air intake, air outlet slit, hydrogen inlet, hydrogen to go out
Mouthful.When being applied to fuel cell car, fuel cell pack 2 is that automobile is intrinsic.
Radiator 32 is provided with coolant inlet, cooling liquid outlet.
Humidifier 52 has dry gas inlet, gas vent, cathode exhaust gas entrance, waste gas outlet.
The connection relationship of this system each section are as follows:
2 cooling liquid outlet of fuel cell pack connects 1 fluid pipeline of phase-change thermal storage module, 13 entrance, the connection of 31 entrance of triple valve
The one outlet of the outlet of 1 fluid pipeline 13 of phase-change thermal storage module, triple valve 31 connects 32 coolant inlet of fuel cell heat sink,
Another outlet of triple valve 31 connects 33 entrance of coolant circulation pump, cooling cycle together with 32 cooling liquid outlet of fuel cell heat sink
The outlet of pump 33 connects fuel cell coolant inlet；Hydrogen inlet, hydrogen outlet connect hydrogen supply system 4；Air intake,
Air outlet slit connects air supply system 5.
The outlet of air pump 51 connection 1 gas pipeline of phase-change thermal storage module, 14 entrance, 1 gas pipeline 14 of phase-change thermal storage module go out
The dry gas inlet of mouth connection humidifier 52, the gas vent of humidifier 52 connect 2 air intake of fuel cell pack, fuel electricity
Heap 2 air outlet slit in pond connects 52 cathode exhaust gas entrance of humidifier, and 52 waste gas outlet of air humidifier discharges exhaust gas.
Preferably, fuel cell pack 2 and/or phase-change thermal storage module 1 and/or triple valve 31 and/or the connection between them
Pipeline is encapsulated by heat-barrier material 15, the thermal losses of heat-radiation loop when reducing parking.
The present invention also protects a kind of fuel cell car, which is equipped with above system.
The exhaust heat recovering method of the protected fuel cell car of the present invention is illustrated below.The purpose of the present invention is for
Recycling fuel cell waste heat, then be used, to improve system overall efficiency, therefore recycling and reusing process is including the use of remaining
The process of fuel cell system heat preservation when heat is stops, realizes the process that fuel cell car is quickly cold-started using waste heat, protects
Hold the process constant into the air themperature of battery pile.It should be appreciated that these three processes are not mutually exclusive.
Using waste heat be parking when fuel cell system heat preservation process in:
When operation of fuel cells: phase-change thermal storage module 1 is absorbed heat, and in module, the control connection of triple valve 31 dissipates thermal energy storage
Hot device 32, closes another outlet.
When fuel cell: 1 heat release of phase-change thermal storage module, control triple valve 31 close going out for connection radiator 32
Mouthful, another outlet is opened, 33 tick-over of coolant circulation pump is controlled, is kept the temperature for fuel cell pack 2.
In the process being quickly cold-started using waste heat realization fuel cell car:
When vehicle launch, control triple valve 31 opens the outlet of connection radiator 32, closes another outlet, is stored up by phase transformation
1 heat release of thermal modules is system warm-up, to realize the quick cold start-up of fuel cell pack 2.
In the process for keeping the air themperature for entering battery pile constant:
When operation of fuel cells: when air flows through phase-change thermal storage module 1, if air themperature is higher than phase-change material 12, phase transformation
Module heat absorption, reduces air themperature, conversely, phase transformation module heat release makes air themperature if air themperature is lower than phase-change material 12
It increases, to keep the air themperature into fuel cell pack 2 constant.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of fuel cell residual neat recovering system, which is characterized in that including phase-change thermal storage module, fuel cell pack, fuel electricity
Pond cooling system, hydrogen supply system, air supply system；Wherein, fuel cell cooling system includes radiator, circulating cooling
Pump and triple valve；Air supply system includes air pump, humidifier；
Phase-change thermal storage module includes a cavity, and inside cavity fills phase-change material, and there are be partially not filled by phase-change material
Vacuum space, cavity is interior to have fluid pipeline, gas pipeline；
Fuel cell pack has cooling liquid outlet, coolant inlet, air intake, air outlet slit, hydrogen inlet, hydrogen outlet；
Radiator is provided with coolant inlet, cooling liquid outlet；
Humidifier has dry gas inlet, gas vent, cathode exhaust gas entrance, waste gas outlet；
The connection relationship of each section are as follows:
Fuel cell pack cooling liquid outlet connects phase-change thermal storage module fluid pipeline entrance, and triple valve inlet connects phase-change thermal storage mould
The outlet of block fluid pipeline, the one outlet of triple valve connect fuel cell heat sink coolant inlet, another outlet of triple valve with
Fuel cell heat sink cooling liquid outlet connects cooling cycle pump intake together, and the outlet connection fuel cell of coolant circulation pump is cold
But liquid entrance；Hydrogen inlet, hydrogen outlet connect hydrogen supply system；Air intake, air outlet slit connect air supply system；
Outlet of air pump connects phase-change thermal storage modular gas entrance, and phase-change thermal storage modular gas pipe outlet connects humidifier
Dry gas inlet, the gas vent of humidifier connects fuel cell pack air intake, the connection of fuel cell pack air outlet slit
Humidifier cathode exhaust gas entrance, air humidifier waste gas outlet discharge exhaust gas.
2. fuel cell residual neat recovering system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in phase-change thermal storage module, fluid pipeline
It is immersed in phase-change material with gas pipeline.
3. fuel cell residual neat recovering system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that fluid pipeline is with gas pipeline
The access of helical arrangement structure.
4. fuel cell residual neat recovering system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the liquid line of phase-change thermal storage module
Road, gas pipeline are made by Heat Conduction Material.
5. fuel cell residual neat recovering system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that fuel cell pack and/or phase transformation storage
Thermal modules and/or triple valve and/or the connecting pipe between them are encapsulated by heat-barrier material.
6. a kind of fuel cell car, which is characterized in that be provided with fuel cell waste heat as described in any one in claim 1-5
Recovery system.
7. the working method of fuel cell car as claimed in claim 6 characterized by comprising
It is the process of fuel cell system heat preservation when stopping using waste heat；
The process that fuel cell car is quickly cold-started is realized using waste heat；
The process for keeping the air themperature for entering battery pile constant；
Wherein: when using preheating to stop in the process of fuel cell system heat preservation:
When operation of fuel cells: the heat absorption of phase-change thermal storage module, for thermal energy storage in module, control triple valve is connected to radiator, closes
Close another outlet；
When fuel cell: phase-change thermal storage module heat release, control triple valve close the outlet of connection radiator, open another
One outlet, controls coolant circulation pump tick-over, keeps the temperature for fuel cell pack；
In the process being quickly cold-started using waste heat realization fuel cell car:
When automobile starting, control triple valve opens the outlet of connection radiator, closes another outlet, is put by phase-change thermal storage module
Heat is system warm-up, to realize the quick cold start-up of fuel cell；
In the process for keeping the air themperature for entering battery pile constant:
When air flows through phase-change thermal storage module, if air themperature is higher than phase-change material, air themperature drops in the heat absorption of phase transformation module
It is low, conversely, if air themperature is lower than phase-change material, phase transformation module heat release increases air themperature, to make to enter fuel cell
The air themperature of heap is constant.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910799163.3A CN110400945A (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Fuel cell residual neat recovering system, fuel cell car and its working method |
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| CN201910799163.3A CN110400945A (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2019-08-28 | Fuel cell residual neat recovering system, fuel cell car and its working method |
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Cited By (8)
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| CN111152688A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-05-15 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Control method for thermal management system of fuel cell automobile |
| CN111211337A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-05-29 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Direct methanol fuel cell system |
| CN112151911A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-29 | 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Sulphur removal heat dissipation protection device for storage battery |
| CN112421077A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-26 | 浙江大学 | Fuel cell low-temperature starting heating and waste heat recovery system based on heat storage of strontium chloride ammoniated |
| CN112713285A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-27 | 国科微城市智能科技(南京)有限责任公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell temperature regulation and control device |
| CN112844266A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-28 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Temperature control system and method for hydrogenation reactor |
| CN113363530A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-09-07 | 四川荣创新能动力***有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell tail gas recovery processing system and method |
| CN113921856A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-11 | 西南石油大学 | Solid oxide fuel cell external thermal management system and method based on phase change material |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111152688B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-04-20 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Control method for thermal management system of fuel cell automobile |
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| CN111211337A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-05-29 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Direct methanol fuel cell system |
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| CN112151911A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-29 | 海南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Sulphur removal heat dissipation protection device for storage battery |
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